Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Limite de champ moyenne'
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El, Korso Mohammed Nabil, and Korso Mohammed Nabil El. "Analyse de performances en traitement d'antenne. : bornes inférieures de l'erreur quadratique moyenne et seuil de résolution limite." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625681.
Full textPawilowski, Boris. "Limite de champ moyen pour des modèles discrets et équation de Schrödinger non linéaire discrète." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S163.
Full textIn a serie of works Z. Ammari and F. Nier developed methods to study the dynamics of bosonic mean field for general quantum states which can present correlations. They obtained formulas to describe the dynamics of the correlations, or more generally reduced density matrices with an arbitrary order. This topic was widely developed these last years. N.J. Mauser was one of contributors, as well as on the notion of Wigner measure which is the key of the analysis developed by Z. Ammari and F. Nier. Generally, the mean field asymptotic is admitted is a good approximation of the N-body problem when N exceed about ten. It concerns the asymptotics of the reduced density matrices for one particle which does not describe the dynamics of the correlations. An objective is to test the validity of the mean field dynamics for reduced density matrices for 2 particles. For numerical tests, the discrete models which were not really handled in detail in the previous works of Z. Ammari and F. Nier seem adapted well. The thesis will thus include several steps: adapt the previous results from Z. Ammari and F. Nier to discrete models , develop numerical methods, for simple but relevant systems, allowing to validate the approximation of mean field and the formulas for the dynamics of the correlations. About numerics, symplectic numerical scheme are used, developed specifically these last years for the discretization of the hamiltonian equations. A last possible step concerns the combination of both asymptotics, that is mean field and approximation of the continuous models by the discrete models
Foguen, Tchuendom Rinel. "Exemples de restauration d’unicité et de sélection d’équilibres dans les jeux à champ moyen." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4046/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to present several results on the restoration of uniqueness and selection of equilibria when uniqueness fails in mean field games. The theory of mean field games was initiated in the 2000s by two groups of researchers, Lasry and Lions in France, and Huang, Caines, and Malhamé in Canada. The aim of this theory is to describe the Nash equilibria in stochastic differential games involving a large number of players interacting with each other through their common empirical measure, under sufficient symmetry hypothesis. If the existence of equilibria in mean field games is now well understood, uniqueness remains known in a very limited number of cases. In this respect, the most well-known condition is the monotony hypothesis, due to Lasry and Lions. In this thesis, we demonstrate that for a certain class of mean field games, uniqueness can be restored by means of a random and common forcing, acting on all the players. Such a forcing is called “common noise”. We also show that in some cases it is possible to select equilibria in the absence of common noise by letting the common noise tend towards zero. Finally, we show how these results apply to “principal-agent” .problems, with a large number of interacting agents
El, Korso Mohammed Nabil. "Analyse de performances en traitement d'antenne : bornes inférieures de l'erreur quadratique moyenne et seuil de résolution limite." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112074/document.
Full textThis manuscript concerns the performance analysis in array signal processing. It can bedivided into two parts :- First, we present the study of some lower bounds on the mean square error related to the source localization in the near eld context. Using the Cramér-Rao bound, we investigate the mean square error of the maximum likelihood estimator w.r.t. the direction of arrivals in the so-called asymptotic area (i.e., for a high signal to noise ratio with a nite number of observations.) Then, using other bounds than the Cramér-Rao bound, we predict the threshold phenomena.- Secondly, we focus on the concept of the statistical resolution limit (i.e., the minimum distance between two closely spaced signals embedded in an additive noise that allows a correct resolvability/parameter estimation.) We de ne and derive the statistical resolution limit using the Cramér-Rao bound and the hypothesis test approaches for the mono-dimensional case. Then, we extend this concept to the multidimensional case. Finally, a generalized likelihood ratio test based framework for the multidimensional statistical resolution limit is given to assess the validity of the proposed extension
Salem, Samir. "Limite de champ moyen et propagation du chaos pour des systèmes de particules avec interaction discontinue." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0387/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study some propagation of chaos and mean field limit problems arising in modelisation of collective behavior of individuals or particles. Particularly, we set ourselves in the case where the interaction between the individuals/particles is discontinuous. The first work establihes the propagation of chaos for the 1d Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck equation. More precisely, we show that the distribution of particles evolving on the real line and interacting through the sign function converges to the solution of the 1d VPFP equation, in probability by large deviations-like techniques, and in expectation by law of large numbers-like techniques. In the second work, we study a variant of the Cucker-Smale, where the communication weight is the indicatrix function of a cone which orientation depends on the velocity of the individual. Some weak-strong stability estimate in M.K.W. distance is obtained for the limit equation, which implies the mean field limit. The third work consists in adding some diffusion in velocity to the model previously quoted. However one must add some truncated diffusion in order to preserve a system in which velocities remain unifomrly bounded. Finally we study a variant of the aggregation equation where the interaction between individuals is also given by a cone which orientation depends on the position of the individual. In this case we are only able to provide some weak-strong stability estimate in $W_\infty$ distance, and the problem must be set in a bounded domain for the case with diffusion
Rosello, Angelo. "Limites d'échelles pour des modèles cinétiques stochastiques." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ENSR0021.
Full textThis thesis aims at providing an understanding of certain scaling limits for kinetic models perturbed with some random noise, where the limiting object remains of stochastic nature, governed by a stochastic partial differential equation. In the first chapter, the transition from a mesoscopic to a macroscopic description is studied through a kinetic system of equations – corresponding to the behavior of a “spray” of particles embedded in an ambient fluid perturbed by a mixing Markov process. Under a suitable scaling, relying on the perturbed test function method, we establish the convergence of the density of particles to a hydrodynamic limit which can be expressed as the solution of a stochastic conservation equation driven by a Wiener process.Next, we focus on stochastic kinetic equations derived from biological models of collective motion. This study is split into two different works, devoted to distinct models. In chapter 2, we first examine the mean-field limits of a few different particle systems which correspond to random perturbations of the classical Cucker-Smale model. Then, in chapter 3, we establish the existence of martingale solutions for some more advanced model, which allows local interactions between individuals
Liu, Chenguang. "Statistical inference for a partially observed interacting system of Hawkes processes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS203.
Full textWe observe the actions of a K sub-sample of N individuals, during some time interval with length t>0, for some large K≤N. We model the relationships of individuals by i.i.d. Bernoulli(p) random variables, where p∈(0,1] is an unknown parameter. The rate of action of each individual depends on some unknown parameter μ>0 and on the sum of some function ϕ of the ages of the actions of the individuals which influence him. The function ϕ is unknown but we assume it rapidly decays. The aim of this thesis is to estimate the parameter p, which is the main characteristic of the interaction graph, in the asymptotic where the population size N→∞, the observed population size K→∞, and in large time t→∞. Let mt be the average number of actions per individual up to time t, which depends on all the parameters of the model. In the subcritical case, where mt increases linearly, we build an estimator of p with the rate of convergence \frac{1}{\sqrt{K}}+\frac{N} m_t\sqrt{K}}+\frac{N}{K\sqrt{m_t}}. In the supercritical case, where mt increases exponentially fast, we build an estimator of p with the rate of convergence 1K√+NmtK√. In a second time, we study the asymptotic normality of those estimators. In the subcritical case, the work is very technical but rather general, and we are led to study three possible regimes, depending on the dominating term in 1K√+NmtK√+NKmt√→0. In the supercritical case, we, unfortunately, suppose some additional conditions and consider only one of the two possible regimes
Triay, Arnaud. "Limites de champ moyen en mécanique quantique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED071.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the derivation and the study of several non-linear models in quantum mechanics. These models describe systems consisting of a large number of particles in the mean-field approximation. In the first part we study the validity of the some effective models describing a gas of dipolar bosons. We demonstrate that the ground state and ground state energy, as well as the time evolution, of a Bose-Einstein condensate are correctly described by the Gross-Pitaevskii theory at first order. For the dynamics, we also show that the second order is given by Bogoliubov's theory. Moreover, we also study the modified Gross-Pitaevskii functional including a quintic term accounting for the Lee-Huang-Yan corrections. The second part is devoted to the study of large fermionic systems. We first analyse the free energy of a fermionic gas at positive temperature in the semi-classical limit and we show that the latter and the approximate Gibbs states are given by Vlasov's theory at positive temperature. In a second time, we study the energy of heavy atoms in the non-relativistic limit where we compute the second term of its expansion, the Scott correction, for the Dirac-Fock model
Breteaux, Sébastien. "Approche QFT de la dérivation d'équations cinétiques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606213.
Full textDuerinckx, Mitia. "Topics in the mathematics of disordered media." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/262390.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
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Peyre, Rémi. "Quelques problèmes d'inspiration physique en théorie des probabilités." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563472.
Full textBolley, François. "Applications du transport optimal à des problèmes de limites de champ moyen." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011462.
Full textDans ce cadre nous étudions l'approximation des équations de transport de Vlasov et d'Euler par des systèmes de particules déterministes en interaction. Le problème de la convergence de la méthode se ramène à un problème de stabilité de solutions que nous traitons par des propriétés de type contraction pour des distances (de Wasserstein) liées à la théorie du transport optimal de mesures. Nous établissons aussi une propriété analogue de contraction pour des lois de conservation scalaires.
Nous étudions également l'approximation d'équations de diffusion de McKean-Vlasov par des systèmes de particules stochastiques. Nous en donnons l'erreur de manière quantitative à l'aide de techniques de couplage, d'estimations de propagation du chaos et d'inégalités de concentration ou de déviation.
De façon plus systématique nous nous intéressons à de telles inégalités de concentration pour des mesures de probabilité et à leurs relations avec des inégalités de transport (liant distances de Wasserstein et entropie) et de Sobolev logarithmiques. En particulier nous établissons de telles inégalités pour certaines classes de lois de variables dépendantes.
Bolley, François Villani Cédric. "Applications du transport optimal à des problèmes de limites de champ moyen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/tel-00011462.
Full textArnoux, Joël. "Champ turbulent d'une couche limite tridimensionnelle sur paroi mobile." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595546z.
Full textArnoux, Joël. "Champ turbulent d'une couche limite tridimensionnelle sur paroi mobile." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22024.
Full textHan-Kwan, Daniel. "Contribution à l'étude mathématique des plasmas fortement magnétisés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00615169.
Full textChevallier, Julien. "Modélisation de grands réseaux de neurones par processus de Hawkes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4051/document.
Full textHow does the brain compute complex tasks? Is it possible to create en artificial brain? In order to answer these questions, a key step is to build mathematical models for information processing in the brain. Hence this manuscript focuses on biological neural networks and their modelling. This thesis lies in between three domains of mathematics - the study of partial differential equations (PDE), probabilities and statistics - and deals with their application to neuroscience. On the one hand, the bridges between two neural network models, involving two different scales, are highlighted. At a microscopic scale, the electrical activity of each neuron is described by a temporal point process. At a larger scale, an age structured system of PDE gives the global activity. There are two ways to derive the macroscopic model (PDE system) starting from the microscopic one: by studying the mean dynamics of one typical neuron or by investigating the dynamics of a mean-field network of $n$ neurons when $n$ goes to infinity. In the second case, we furthermore prove the convergence towards an explicit limit dynamics and inspect the fluctuations of the microscopic dynamics around its limit. On the other hand, a method to detect synchronisations between two or more neurons is proposed. To do so, tests of independence between temporal point processes are constructed. The level of the tests are theoretically controlled and the practical validity of the method is illustrated by a simulation study. Finally, the method is applied on real data
Pace, Jean-Marc. "Mecanisme d'instabilite du profil de vitesse moyenne dans une couche limite turbulente." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066798.
Full textRainone, Corrado. "Following the evolution of metastable glassy states under external perturbations : compression and shear-strain." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0051/document.
Full textWe consider the adiabatic evolution of glassy states under external perturbations. Although the formalism we use is very general, we focus here on infinite-dimensional hard spheres where an exact analysis is possible. We consider perturbations of the boundary, i. e. compression or (volume preserving) shear-strain, and we compute the response of glassy states to such perturbations: pressure and shear-stress. We find that both quantities over shoot before the glass state becomes unstable at a spinodal point where it melts into a liquid (or yields). We also estimate the yield stress of the glass. Finally, we study the stability of the glass basins towards breaking into sub-basins, corresponding to a Gardner transition. We find that close to the dynamical transition, glasses undergo a Gardner transition after an infinitesimal perturbation. We then study the high-pressure and high-strain regime beyond the Gardner transition
Vavasseur, Arthur. "Modèles cinétiques de particules en interaction avec leur environnement." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4086/document.
Full textThe goal of this PhD is to study a generalisation of a model describing the interaction between a single particle and its environment. We consider an infinite number of particles represented by their distribution function. The environment is modelled by a vibrating scalar field which exchanges energy with the particles. In the single particle case, after a large time, the particle behaves as if it were subjected to a linear friction force driven by the environment. The equations that we obtain for a large number of particles are close to the Vlasov equation. In the first chapter, we prove that our new system has a unique solution. We then care about some asymptotic issues; if the wave velocity in the medium goes to infinity, adapting the scaling of the interaction, we connect our system with the Vlasov equation. Changing also continuously a function that parametrizes the model, we also connect our model with the attractive Vlasov-Poisson equation. In the second chapter, we add a diffusive term in our equation. It means that we consider that the particles are subjected to a friction force and a Brownian motion. Our main result states that the distribution function converges to the unique equilibrium distribution of the system. We also establish the diffusive limit making the wave velocity go to infinity at the same time. We find a simpler equation satisfied by the spatial density. In chapter 3, we prove the validity of both equations studied in the two first chapters by a mean field limit. The last chapter is devoted to studying the large time asymptotic properties of the equation that we obtained on the spatial density in chapter 2. We prove some weak convergence results
Roy, Philippe. "Simulation numérique d'un champ turbulent homogène incompressible soumis à des gradients de vitesse moyenne." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601015n.
Full textRoy, Philippe. "Simulation numérique d'un champ turbulent homogène incompressible soumis à des gradients de vitesse moyenne." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4043.
Full textLambert, Dominique. "Structure moyenne et turbulente de la couche limite atmosphérique au dessus de l'océan (expérience SEMAPHORE)." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30178.
Full textGlikson, Fabienne. "Couche limite sur paroi rugueuse." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0003.
Full textVartanian, Christian. "Développement de méthodes expérimentales permettant de relier la structure spatio-temporelle de l'écoulement au champ de pression pariétale." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2279.
Full textThe aim of this work is to determine methods witch allow us to understand the link between the flow spatio-temporal stucture and the wall pressure field tanks to simultaneous experimental velocity and pressure data. A new ewperimental setup has been carried out in order to generate at demand two contra-rotative vortex, and this generation is reproductible. The simultaneous study of the velocity and wall pressure field was done in pariculary by particule imagery velocimetry and wall pressure transducers. The vortex influence during is evolution is caracterised on the turbulent boundary layer and in term of wall pressure signature. An automotive application of these detection and identification methods of structure and wall pressure fluctuation is done
Andrianantoandro, Alain. "Etude par anémométrie laser d'une couche limite turbulente de diffuseur soumise à un champ acoustique intense." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22071.
Full textChaintreau, Augustin. "Processus d'interaction dans les réseaux de données." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066601.
Full textSauvaitre, Claire. "Espaces de la pauvreté et territorialités des "exclus" dans le champ d'une ville moyenne : l'exemple de Pau." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU1003.
Full textOliver, Franck. "Contribution a l'etude experimentale du champ de pression parietal sous une couche limite turbulente hydrodynamique avec adjonction de polymeres." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22111.
Full textRandriamampianina, A. Arthur. "Contrôle d'une couche limite laminaire et turbulente influence de l'aspiration sur le bruit de champ proche et lointain dans une couche limite autour d'un corps bidimensionnel /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376178892.
Full textRandriamampianina, A. Arthur. "Contrôle d'une couche limite laminaire et turbulente : influence de l'aspiration sur le bruit de champ proche et loitain dans une couche limite autour d'un corps bidimensionnel." Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX11149.
Full textBellanger, Éric. "Jerks géomagnétiques, rotation de la Terre et variations irrégulières du champ externe." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GLOB0003.
Full textTerra, Nova Filipe. "The time-dependence of reversed flux patches in archeomagnetic field models and numerical dynamo simulations : implication for the South Atlantic Anomaly evolution." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4023/document.
Full textArcheomagnetic field models and numerical dynamo simulations provide important insights to the geodynamo. I investigated the existence and mobility of reversed flux patches (RFPs) in archeomagnetic field models. I compared the tracking of RFPs with seismic anomalies of the lowermost mantle to explore if RFPs have preferred locations prescribed by lower mantle lateral heterogeneity and interpreted in terms of core dynamics and core-mantle thermal interactions. Correlation in co-latitude and a shift in longitude allowed inferring azimuthal orientation of toroidal field below the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and the presence of large fluid upwelling structures at the top of the core. The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is a region of weak geomagnetic field intensity at the Earth's surface, which is commonly attributed to RFPs on the CMB. While the SAA is clearly affected by the reversed flux region below the South Atlantic, I showed that the relation between the SAA and RFPs is not straightforward. The SAA minimum is determined by the interplay among several robust flux patches at the CMB. Simple secular variation (SV) scenarios suggest that while the SAA path can be explained by advection, its intensity decrease requires magnetic diffusion. Investigating whether lower mantle thermal heterogeneity may explain the location of the SAA was tested with run numerical dynamos with heterogeneous CMB heat flux. Histograms of the coordinates of surface intensity minima show two peaks of preferred longitudinal position of weakest surface field intensity, one close to the present SAA minimum longitude. The ingredients to reproduce the SAA coordinates are related to north-south asymmetry of normal and reversed flux
Maffei, Pablo Fabian. "Développements en microscopie RMN par gradients de champ radiofréquence." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10017.
Full textPognant, Michel. "Estimation par reseau de capteurs de la distribution de l'energie du champ de pression sous couche limite turbulente." Toulon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUL0003.
Full textPenasa, Mariane. "Mesure au-delà de la limite quantique standard de l'amplitude d'un champ électromagnétique dans le domaine micro-onde." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066528/document.
Full textAs an essential intermediary between theories and their experimental proofs, measurement is meaningfull if the precision of its results is high. The main emphasis of metrology in laboratories is therefore on increasing as much as possible the precision of the experimental evaluation of a parameter. Quantum noise that affects the measurement establishes a quantitative limit on the maximal precision that can be achieved with classical states: the standard quantum limit (SQL). Quantum metrology aims at using quantum features to beat this limit and to approach the physically ultimate limit called Heisenberg limit. This thesis presents a measurement strategy for an electromagnetic field containing less than one photon, which is based on the use of atom-field correlations in a cavity quantum electrodynamics experiment. The idea is to measure the amplitude of the small field by probing the disturbance caused on an entangled mesoscopic state that is already stored in the superconducting cavity. We demonstrated that our measurement strategy is in principle optimal thanks to two tools: the Fisher information (that depends on the measurement process) and the quantum Fisher information (that does not), which define the precision tanks to Cramér-Rao like equations. The measurement signal subsequently largely exceeded the level of accuracy obtained with classical states and we got as closed to the Heisenberg limit as the experimental imperfections allowed us
Manoha, Eric. "Mesure du spectre en frequences et nombres d'ondes du champ des fluctuations de pression parietale sous une couche limite turbulente." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066735.
Full textBonnemaison, Fleur. "Au pied des "sommets" : modes d'engagement et rapports au métier des accompagnateurs et accompagnatrices en moyenne montagne." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30043.
Full textThis thesis studies an underestimated professional group that finds it hard to be recognized, the mountain hiking guides. In the first part, the analysis of the historical construction of the mountain jobs field enables one to understand its functioning better, together with the inner conflicts that prompt it and the consequences on the agents that constitute it. In the shade of the mountain guides, the hiking guide job occupies a position of minor standing. Precariousand seasonal, the job is also held " in the margins of the work ". From a survey combining jointly a questionnaire (n=471) with a number of interviews (n=32), the thesis takes a keen interest in the social characteristics and in the trajectories of the persons who choose this particular job, thus analysing their relations to the work as well as their way of life. The second part deals with the dispositions to the commitment in a job largely acknowledged as precaious but that also offers a kind of quality of life. It compares the trajectories of men and women in order to get to know why this undervalued job in the mountain jobs field remains largely masculinized. Finally, the third and last part focuses on the interviewees' relations to the job. This job is characterized by a great number of modalities of exercise, but differently invested according to the hiking guides' taste and abilities concerning the marketing of their offers. A great majority of the hiking guides undertaking an alternate way of life, they use different strategies so as to be able to earn their living thanks to a professional activity marked by economical difficulties. In this situation, if the modalities of exercise of the job don't permit to differentiate women from men radically, the modes of articulation between the professional and the domestic spheres reveal the permanency of the social relationships of sexes
Florens, Emma. "Couche limite turbulente dans les écoulements à surface libre : étude expérimentale d'effets de macro-rugosités." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1285/.
Full textIn the case of turbulent rough flows, according to the wall boundary layers theory, the boundary layer is composed of three sublayers : the outer layer, the roughness sublayer and an overlap between the two sublayers. Under the assumption of invariance under the transverse direction, and for ratios h/D low (h roughness height, D water depth), the theory predicts that the longitudinal mean velocity profile follows a logarithmic law in the overlap layer. This log-law provides access to the wall parameters, as the roughness length z0, and can also estimate the coefficient of friction necessary to close the St Venant equations vertically integrated. However, in presence of macro-roughnesses, i. E. For h/D important, or in presence of a inhomogeneous rough bed, the question of the logarithmic law validity arises. An experimental study of two macro-roughnesses effects has been made : the confinement effect and the transverse variation of macro-roughnesses effect. The regimen were generated in a large open-channel (20m x 1. 1mx 0. 5m), and macro-rough beds were made with 20 mm plastic cubes. 2D PIV technique was used. New measurement technologies, such as BK7 glass cubes, were used to measure the velocity field between the roughness elements with high spatial resolution. In the case of homogeneous rough bed, it was revealed that the similarity of the outer layer is observed for confinement numbers h/D < 0. 33. For strong confinement (h/D > 0. 15), the friction velocity u*, related to the intensity of friction generated at the wall, is no longer the characteristic scale of the flow velocity. In the case of flows over inhomogeneous rough bed, a preliminary study was made to observe the effect of secondary currents generated by the change of roughness on the outer layer similarity
Finot, Aurélie. "Analyse mathématique des modèles cinétiques en présence d'un champ magnétique intense." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0021.
Full textThis thesis proposes a mathematical analysis of kinetic models in the presence of strong magnetic fields.The objective of this project is the development of mathematical tools required for modelisation of fusion plasmas. The physical phenomena encountered in fusion plasmas involve disparate characteristic scales. The interaction between these orders of magnitude is an important issue and requires a multi-scale analysis. We appeal to homogenization techniques with respect to the fast rotation motion around the magnetic field lines.We study the finite Larmor radius regime for the Vlasov-Poisson system, in the framework of uniform magnetic fields, by appealing to gyro-average methods. We indicate the explicit expression of the effective advection field entering the Vlasov equation, after substituting the self-consistent electric field, obtained by the resolution of the averaged (with respect to the cyclotronic time scale) Poisson equation. We emphasize the hamiltonian structure of the limit model and present its properties : conservation of mass, of kinetic energy, of electric energy, etc.Then we generalize this study to general magnetic shapes. As before, the main properties of the limit model are emphasized : mass and energy balances, hamiltonian structure.We also take into account the collisional effects, under strong magnetic fields. After identifying the equilibria and the invariants of the average collision operator, we inquire about fluid models
Nguyen, Chien-Thang. "Etude expérimentale de l’ionosphère de moyenne et basse latitude et de ses instabilités au moyen d’observations in-situ par DEMETER." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS044V/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing two kinds of ionospheric disturbances observed on plasma measurements on-board the DEMETER satellite.The first events are Mid-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances that develop through the interaction between atmospheric gravity waves and the ionospheric plasma. They are observed as quasi-periodic variations of the plasma density that may reach very large amplitudes and are more frequently observed in the Southern hemisphere with a maximum over the Pacific Ocean. These MSTID may strongly modify the electrodynamics of the mid latitude ionosphere and form structures where the dynamo electric field is significantly enhanced.The second events are detected in the equatorial ionosphere as large scale enhancements of the plasma density under the form of plateau. Depending on the level of magnetic activity these large scale structures may be modified by mid-scale density depletions that, eventually, get instable and led to the formation of depleted plasma bubbles
Hanif, Ahmed Farhan. "Resource utilization techniques in distributed networks with limited information." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0011/document.
Full textAs systems are becoming larger, it is becoming difficult to optimize them in a centralized manner due to insufficient backhaul connectivity and dynamical systems behavior. In this thesis, we tackle the above problem by developing a distributed strategic learning framework for seeking Nash equilibria under state dependent payoff functions. We develop a discrete time stochastic learning using sinus perturbation with the realistic assumption, that each node only has a numerical realization of the payoff at each time. We examine the convergence of our discrete time algorithm to a limiting trajectory defined by an ordinary differential equation (ODE). Finally, we conduct a stability analysis and apply the proposed scheme in a generic wireless networks. We also provide the application of these algorithms to real world resource utilization problems in wireless. Our proposed algorithm is applied to the following distributed optimization problems in wireless domain. Power control, beamforming and Bayesian density tracking in the interference channel. We also consider resource sharing problems in large scale networks (e.g. cloud networks) with a generalized fair payoff function. We formulate the problem as a strategic decision-making problem (i.e. a game). We examine the resource sharing game with finite and infinite number of players. Exploiting the aggregate structure of the payoff functions, we show that, the Nash equilibrium is not an evolutionarily stable strategy in the finite regime. Then, we introduce a myopic mean-field response where each player implements a mean-field-taking strategy. We show that such a mean-field-taking strategy is evolutionarily stable in both finite and infinite regime. We provide closed form expression of the optimal pricing that gives an efficient resource sharing policy. As the number of active players grows without bound, we show that the equilibrium strategy converges to a mean-field equilibrium and the optimal prices for resources converge to the optimal price of the mean-field game. Then, we address the demand satisfaction problem for which a necessary and sufficiency condition for satisfactory solutions is provided
Valla, Matthieu. "Étude d'un lidar doppler impulsionnel à laser Erbium fibré pour des mesures de champ de vent dans la couche limite de l'atmosphère /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40105254b.
Full textBarelli, Armelle. "Approche algébrique de la limite semi-classique : Electrons bidimensionnels en champ magnétique et localisation dynamique : [Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30127.
Full textIbars, Philippe. "Contribution des petits nombres d'onde au champ pariétal de pression induit par une couche limite turbulente bidimensionnelle : comparaison de différentes techniques expérimentales." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0012.
Full textValla, Matthieu. "Etude d'un lidar doppler impulsionnel à laser Erbium fibré pour des mesures de champ de vent dans la couche limite de l'atmosphère." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0030.
Full textA PhD work has been undertaken for the realization of an impulse coherent laser anemometer for the measurement of wind field solved in distance in the lower atmosphere. During its propagation, the pulse gradually probe the atmosphere in the ascending direction. It is thus possible to realize a distance resolved velocity measurement by cutting out the analysis of the signal retrodiffused in multiple temporal windows. The originality of this PhD work is the use of a 1. 55 µm erbium fiber amplifier in a nanosecond pulsed mode, which allows the realization of compact and reliable instruments, with ocular safety. The instrumental simulator calculates the carrier to noise ratio of a mono or bistatic lidar, using configurations of truncated Gaussian beams with or without atmospheric turbulence. In order to account for atmospheric turbulence, the simulator uses a screen phase propagation code. The exact calculation of the Cramér-Rao lower bound allows us to predict the performances of the digital processing associated with the instrument. This part contains a fine model of the spectrum of the lidar signal which highlights a form of "spectral leakage" related to the decorrelation of the signal due to the pulsed nature of the instrument. He availability of a laser able of 20 µJ pulses allowed the realization of a prototype which was able to make three simultaneous measurements at distances up to 130 meters, thus giving us the opportunity to validate by the experiment the spectrum model undertaken during this PhD work
Weber, Yann. "Conception d'une nouvelle génération de transistor FLYMOS vertical de puissance dépassant la limite conventionnelle du silicium." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807836.
Full textAit-Mesbah, Sounia Sekoura. "Rôle de l'inertie thermique et du couplage surface-atmosphère sur la valeur moyenne et le cycle diurne de la température de surface." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066136/document.
Full textThe main objectives of this study are to analyze the surface-atmosphere coupling mechanisms controlling the mean temperature and its diurnal cycle in the dry, humid and transitional zones. We show that thermal inertia plays a key role on the surface temperature in dry regions. The sensitivity of surface temperature to thermal inertia is high during the night but low during the day, impacting the mean surface temperature. We demonstrate that this effect is directly related to the instability of the planetary boundary layer, which is higher during the day compared to the night.Moreover, we emphasize the dual role of the solar forcing. The first one is to be the source of the diurnal contrast of the planetary boundary layer, which is the origin of the diurnal asymmetry of the surface temperature response to thermal inertia. The second one is to attenuate this effect, since the high asymmetry of the solar forcing foster the sensitivity of the day temperature compared to the night. In humid regions, we notice that the sensitivity of the surface temperature to thermal inertia is weak. This is due to the high values of the latent heat flux which controls the surface temperature. Nevertheless, we should point out that the thermal inertia may have an impact on the water budget at the surface, as it is the case in the Indian Monsoon region. In the transitional regions, we show that the relation between surface temperature and soil moisture is attenuated by about 20 to 50 % because of the dependency of the thermal inertia to soil water content. Hence, we suggest to integrated the effect of soil moisture on the thermal inertia in addition to its effect on evaporation
Fuentes, Andrés. "Interaction entre la zone réactionnelle et le champ de concentration des suies : cas de la flamme de diffusion laminaire ausein d'une couche limite." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2346.
Full textThe concurrent spreading of a boundary layer type diffusion flame is studied. The impossibility of obtaining a low velocity laminar flow without any perturbation induced by buoyancy has lead to the development of an experimental apparatus for use in micro-gravity facilities. Based on previous experimental observations, an original numerical approach has been developed showing, first the dominating role of the radiative heat transfer on the structure of the flame and second the major role of the soot on the extinction phenomenon at the flame trailing edge. The influence of the forced flow velocity, the fuel injection velocity and oxygen concentration on the geometry of the flame has been examined by imaging of CH* and OH* radicals spontaneous emission. Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) is used to determine the soot field concentration in the flame. The soot formation has been studied by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The interaction between the reaction zone and the field of soot formation/oxidation is taken into account to analyze the flame length. These results can be used as the experimental input data for a future complete validation of numerical model simulating the soot formation and oxidation in this kind of flame
Yousfi, Nabil. "Contribution à l'optimisation aérodynamique des formes des véhicules de tourisme et utilitaires à l'aide des critères d'angles privilégiés entre arêtes." Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d3a343b6-be81-4c58-a9bf-d13019371942.
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