Relevant bibliographies by topics / Limited volume chamber

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Academic literature on the topic 'Limited volume chamber'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Limited volume chamber"

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Townsend, Meredith, and Christian Huber. "A critical magma chamber size for volcanic eruptions." Geology 48, no. 5 (2020): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47045.1.

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Abstract We present a model for a coupled magma chamber–dike system to investigate the conditions required to initiate volcanic eruptions and to determine what controls the size of eruptions. The model combines the mechanics of dike propagation with internal chamber dynamics including crystallization, volatile exsolution, and the elastic response of the magma and surrounding crust to pressure changes within the chamber. We find three regimes for dike growth and eruptions: (1) below a critical magma chamber size, eruptions are suppressed because chamber pressure drops to lithostatic before a di
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Bahhous, Karim, Zakaria Aboulbanine, Mustapha Zerfaoui, Amine El Outmani, and Naïma El Khayati. "Optimization of the iterative deconvolution correction method applied to ionization chamber response for small field dosimetry measurements." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 09 (2022): P09019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/09/p09019.

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Abstract This study aims to optimize the iterative deconvolution correction of air-filled ionization chamber measurements with limited spatial resolution for photon beam dosimetry. The ionization chamber volume effect could be explained by the inhomogeneity of the absorbed dose in its sensitive volume, leading to a volume averaging effect acting as a convolution kernel K(x). Therefore, the “true” dose profile Pt(x) can be deduced by deconvolving measured 1D profiles Pm(x). The Semiflex 3D ionization chamber type PTW 31021 was studied for beams with flattening filter (WFF), while the SNC125c io
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Dmytriv, Taras. "DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE DURATION OF GASEOUS ENVIRONMENT PUMPING FROM A LIMITED VOLUME." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 9, no. 4 (2023): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2023.04.012.

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An analytical equation for the duration of air pumping from a limited volume has been developed. The equation of the mechanical energy of air movement takes into account the law of mass conservation for a gas in a controlled volume, the work of the energy of air movement and the work to overcome air friction. Gaseous medium is Newtonian. The duration of pumping (filling) the limited volume of the pneumatic chamber with air was calculated by comparing the mass flow per second and the increase in mass, as a differential of the change in air density. The mathematical model enables the simulation
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Lefebvre, O., A. Al-Mamun, and H. Y. Ng. "A microbial fuel cell equipped with a biocathode for organic removal and denitrification." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 4 (2008): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.343.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising anaerobic technology but they are limited by the high cost of the catalyst used at the cathode (typically platinum). In this study, we designed a novel type of two-chambered MFC wherein an autoheterotrophic denitrifying biofilm replaced the costly catalyst on the cathode surface. Micro-organisms performed denitrification by using electrons supplied by bacteria oxidizing domestic wastewater and acetate as substrates in the anode chamber. This two-chambered MFC equipped with a biocathode generated during more than 1.5 month up to 9.4 mW m−2 of anode su
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Arafati, Arghavan, Daisuke Morisawa, Michael R. Avendi, et al. "Generalizable fully automated multi-label segmentation of four-chamber view echocardiograms based on deep convolutional adversarial networks." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 169 (2020): 20200267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0267.

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A major issue in translation of the artificial intelligence platforms for automatic segmentation of echocardiograms to clinics is their generalizability. The present study introduces and verifies a novel generalizable and efficient fully automatic multi-label segmentation method for four-chamber view echocardiograms based on deep fully convolutional networks (FCNs) and adversarial training. For the first time, we used generative adversarial networks for pixel classification training, a novel method in machine learning not currently used for cardiac imaging, to overcome the generalization probl
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Batishcheva, KSENIA A., and ATLANT E. Nurpeiis. "WATER DROPLET EVAPORATION IN A CHAMBER ISOLATED FROM THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT." Tyumen State University Herald. Physical and Mathematical Modeling. Oil, Gas, Energy 6, no. 3 (2020): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7978-2020-6-3-8-22.

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With an increase in the productivity of power equipment and the miniaturization of its components, the use of traditional thermal management systems becomes insufficient. There is a need to develop drip heat removal systems, based on phase transition effects. Cooling with small volumes of liquids is a promising technology for microfluidic devices or evaporation chambers, which are self-regulating systems isolated from the external environment. However, the heat removal during evaporation of droplets into a limited volume is a difficult task due to the temperature difference in the cooling devi
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Bom, N., A. F. W. van der Steen, and Y. F. M. Nosir. "Studies of cardiac function and myocardial tissue characterization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 214, no. 2 (2000): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411001535318.

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The heart can be studied using ultrasound techniques. The shape of the heart, its chambers, wall thicknesses, wall tissue characteristics as well as motion of walls and valve leaflets are all diagnostic information. In addition, the blood velocity and its timing within the cardiac cycle is an important diagnostic tool. In the present paper focus will be limited to the analysis of the left ventricular function as observed with two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography and the characteristics of backscattered ultrasound information from the left ventricular chamber wall. Function of
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Konuhova, Marina, Valerijs Bezrukovs, Vladislavs Bezrukovs, et al. "Numerical Simulations of Scaling of the Chamber Dimensions of the Liquid Piston Compressor for Hydrogen Applications." Technologies 13, no. 6 (2025): 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13060226.

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Hydrogen compression is a critical process in hydrogen storage and distribution, particularly for energy infrastructure and transportation. As hydrogen technologies expand beyond limited industrial applications, they are increasingly supporting the green economy, including offshore energy systems, smart ports, and sustainable marine industries. Efficient compression technologies are essential for ensuring reliable hydrogen storage and distribution across these sectors. This study focuses on optimizing hydrogen compression using a Liquid Piston Hydrogen Compressor through numerical simulations
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Heister, Stephen D., John Smallwood, Alexis Harroun, Kevin Dille, Ariana Martinez, and Nathan Ballintyn. "Rotating Detonation Combustion for Advanced Liquid Propellant Space Engines." Aerospace 9, no. 10 (2022): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100581.

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Rotating (also termed continuous spin) detonation technology is gaining interest in the global research and development community due to the potential for increased performance. Potential performance benefits, thrust chamber design, and thrust chamber cooling loads are analyzed for propellant applications using liquid oxygen or high-concentration hydrogen peroxide oxidizers with kerosene, hydrogen, and methane fuels. Performance results based on a lumped parameter treatment show that theoretical specific impulse gains of 3–14% are achievable with the highest benefit coming from hydrogen-fueled
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Smirnov, A. P., O. V. Khvoshchan, and T. D. Denisyuk. "Investigation of the Influence of a Limited Volume on the Pulsation of a Vapor-Gas Cavity During a High-Voltage Electric Explosion in a Liquid." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 60, no. 2 (2024): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2024.60.2.40.

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The influence of a limited volume on the hydrodynamic post-discharge processes during a high-voltage electric explosion (HVEE) and an explosion of a thin initiating conductor (ETIC) in a liquid is estimated, and the dynamics of a vapor-gas cavity (VGC) under those conditions is studied. Experimental studies have shown the advantage of the HVEE in comparison with the ETIC in terms of the energy contributed into the VGC expressed in an increase of the period of the VGC pulsation up to 55%. It was noted that with the ETIC in a limited volume of the discharge chamber, the period of pulsation of th
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Books on the topic "Limited volume chamber"

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Dolfi, Anna, ed. Non finito. Opera interrotta e modernità. Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-729-6.

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Non finito, opera interrotta… difficile trovare una definizione, circoscrivere il tema, distinguere il caso dall’intenzionalità. Certo pochi ‘generi’ e/o declinazioni hanno come il non finito bisogno di ciò che è esterno all’opera e che in qualche modo la completa, collocandola in posizione privilegiata per la sintonia con la nostra inquieta modernità. Non stupisce che in letteratura siano naturaliter ‘sospesi’ – oltre a ciò che è stato brutalmente interrotto – gli epistolari, i diari, le cronache della malattia e della sofferenza; né che l’incompiutezza accompagni gli scritti che rinviano a g
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Schairer, John R., and Steven J. Keteyian. Pathophysiology and causes of pericardial tamponade. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0166.

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Pericardial disease leading to pericardial effusion (PEF) is a common clinical disorder. The most common causes are viral infections, metastatic cancer, renal disease, and bleeding disorders. PEF that accumulates slowly can become quite large before haemodynamic embarrassment occurs, while PEF that accumulates rapidly from trauma or aortic dissection can be small,yet cause haemodynamic embarrassment. As the PEF increases in size, the pressure in the pericardial space increases, leading to a decrease in atrial and ventricular chamber sizes, and limiting filling of the chambers. Ultimately, card
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Dias, Paulo C., Daniela Monteiro, Luís Figueiredo Rodrigues, et al., eds. Ecologia(s) das Dependências: Entre a Utopia e a Limitação. Axioma - Publicações da Faculdade de Filosofia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/axi/2021_9789726973423.

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As últimas décadas foram marcadas por fortes mudanças a diversos níveis com significativa influência no percurso das pessoas. As mudanças sociais e tecnológicas trouxeram oportunidades e utopias ao mesmo tempo que nos confrontam com os nossos próprios limites e limitações. As dependências são, além de perturbações do comportamento, sinais e sintomas destas alterações no sistema ecológico em que nos desenvolvemos. Assim, reúne-se neste livro o contributo de prestigiados académicos de campos disciplinares diversos, da filosofia à antropologia, da psicologia à psiquiatria, para uma reflexão sobre
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Book chapters on the topic "Limited volume chamber"

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Mahmud, Rizal, and Iis Rohmawati. "Effect of Injection Pressure on Local Temperature and Soot Emission Distribution of Flat-Wall Impinging Diesel Flame under Diesel Engine like-Condition." In Diesel Engines [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102867.

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Increasing heat transfer and heat transfer coefficient as the combined effect of impingement distance and injection pressure has been explored in the previous report. However, local temperature distribution was limited to the discussion. Clearly, investigation of near-wall temperature in the heat transfer analysis is absolutely necessary. This has a crucial effect on the local heat flux to understand the heat transfer phenomenon on the combustion chamber walls. The local temperature and KL factor were investigated by using a high-speed video camera and a two-color method by using a volume vess
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Rigney, Sophie. "Fairness, The Rights of The Accused and Disclosure." In Fairness and Rights in International Criminal Procedure. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474466301.003.0005.

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This Chapter examines the links between fairness, the rights of the accused, and procedural rules, in relation to the disclosure of information from the prosecution to the defence. I outline the significance of disclosure in examinations of fairness and rights, and how disclosure interacts with both the rights of the accused, and the fairness of the trials. I then analyse how the concept of fairness has been used by parties and Trial Chambers when reaching determinations on disclosure, in three ways. First, I outline the challenges posed by the electronic nature of disclosure. Secondly, I demo
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Papp, Susan M. "The Politics of Exclusion." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 31. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764715.003.0014.

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THIS CHAPTER seeks to present a comparative examination of the film industries in Hungary and Poland from the invention of the first motion picture cameras in the 1890s up to and including the Second World War, and the important role played in this industry by Jews from both countries. Throughout the period, Hungary had a vibrant film industry, yet, from the end of the First World War, each successive government tried to politicize and shape it. In Poland, government interference was less intrusive until the late 1930s, and Jews continued to play an important role in the film industry until th
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Meng, Xuyang, Daniel Kontak, Jeremy Richards, Jingwen Mao, and Jeffrey Marsh. "Uncovering the Missing Magmatic Link for The Tongkuangyu Porphyry Cu Deposit, Trans-North China Orogen: Implication for Porphyry Cu Deposit Model and Exploration." In Tectonomagmatic Influences on Metallogeny and Hydrothermal Ore Deposits: A Tribute to Jeremy P. Richards (Volume I). Society of Economic Geologists, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.24.08.

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Abstract The Tongkuangyu porphyry Cu deposit in the northern Zhongtiaoshan region of the Trans-North China orogen formed at ~2.1 Ga and is much younger than its host ~2.18 Ga porphyritic rocks that cut basaltic-andesitic sill and rhyolitic tuff of the Jiangxian Group. However, the extent and absolute timing of the synmineralization magmatism in the northern Zhongtiaoshan region remains poorly constrained, which renders identifying the source of the cupriferous magmatic-hydrothermal fluids for Tongkuangyu difficult. To resolve this issue, we dated zircon from representative samples from the vol
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"coating layer itself, an d at the interface between the coating and the substrate, causes instant fracturing and separation of coating material from the surface. In general, if a coating or contaminant is CHEMICALLY bonded to a surface, dry ice particle blasting will NOT effectively remove the coating. If the bond is PHYSICAL o r MECHANICAL in nature, such as a coating of rubber residue which is "anchored" into the porous surface of an aluminum casting, then there is a good chance that dr y ice blasting will work. Contaminants which are etched, or stained into the surfaces of metals, ceramics, plastics, or other materials typically cannot be removed with dry ice blasting. If the surface of the substrate is extremely porous or rough, providing strong mechanical "anchoring" for the contaminant or coating, dr y ice blasting may not be able to remove all of the coating, or the rate of removal may be too slow to allow dry ice blasting to be cost effective. The classic example of a contaminant that does NOT respond to dry ice blast-ing is RUST. Rust is both chemically and strongly mechanically bonded to steel substrate. Advanced stages of rust must be "chiseled" away with abrasive sand blasting. Only the thin film of powderized "flash" rust on a fresh steel surface can be effectively removed with dry ice blasting. 4.2.1.1. Inductio n (venturi) and direct acceleration blast systems - the effect of the typ e of system on available kinetic energy In a two-hose induction (venturi) carbon dioxide blastin g system, the medium particles are moved from the hopper to the "gun" chamber by suction, where they drop to a very low velocity before being induced into the outflow of the nozzle by a large flow volume of compressed air. Some more advanced two-hose systems employ a small positive pressure to the pellet delivery hose. In any type of two-hose system, since the blast medium particles have only a short distance in which to gain momentum and accelerate to the nozzle exit (usually only 200 to 300 mm), the final particle average velocity is limited to between 60 and 120 meters per second. So, in general, two-hose systems, although not so costly, are limited in their ability to deliver contaminant removal kinetic energy to the surface to be cleaned. When more blasting energy is required, these systems must be "boosted" a t the expense of much more air volume required, and higher blast pressure is re-quired as well, with much more nozzle back thrust, and very much more blast noise generated at the nozzle exit plane. The other type of solid carbon dioxide medium blasting system is like the "pressurized pot" abrasive blasting system common in the sand blasting and Plas-ti c Media Blasting industries. These systems use a single delivery hose from the hopper to the "nozzle" applicator in which both the medium particles and the compressed air travel. These systems are more complex and a little more costly than the inductive two-hose systems, but the advantages gained greatly outweigh the extra initial expense. In a single-hose solid carbon dioxide particle blasting system, sometimes referred to as a "direct acceleration " system, the medium is introduced from the hopper into a single, pre-pressurized blast hose through a sealed airlock feeder. The particles begin their acceleration and velocity increase." In Surface Contamination and Cleaning. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9789047403289-25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Limited volume chamber"

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Kramer, Patrick, Fritz Friedersdorf, Christina Grumbach, et al. "Combined Mechanical Stress and Environmental Exposure Accelerated Coating Testing." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09116.

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Abstract Repair and replacement of exterior coating systems that no longer meet aesthetic or protective requirements generate a significant volume of environmentally hazardous waste, which includes the coating material combined with solvents and/or media used to remove the coatings, as well as the waste materials generated in surface preparation and reapplication of the coating system. There are strong economic and environmental drivers to extend the service life of aerospace coatings. However, development, selection, and use of the most durable coatings systems have often been limited by the
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Duong, Bach, Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy, and Subramanya R. Gollahalli. "Hot Surface Ignition Properties of Jet-A/Canola Methyl Ester Blends in a Constant Volume Chamber." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87544.

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In recent years, biofuels have emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional petroleum fuels due to their renewable and almost carbon-neutral nature. While the fundamental ignition properties of petroleum fuels are well understood, knowledge of ignition properties of biofuels and their blends with petroleum fuels is limited. Studies of the fundamental ignition properties of biofuels are important for the safety of storage and transportation of these fuels. The objective of this study was to compare the relative hot surface ignition properties of biofuel blends at different equivalence ra
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Chandra, Budi, and Kathy Johnson. "Scavenge Performance of an Optimized Shallow Sump at Various Flow Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16049.

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Abstract Oil scavenge flow in aero-engine bearing chamber remains largely a challenging problem for many engine designers. Research campaign on scavenge flow has been conducted by G2TRC – Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Centre (previously Rolls Royce University Technology Centre in Gas Turbine Transmission Systems) at the University of Nottingham. It was recognized that a deep sump performs better than shallower one due to its ability to “shield” the collected oil in the sump from the shaft windage thus reducing the amount of oil being picked up by the bulk air rotation. However, such a
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Denecke, J., V. Schramm, K. Dullenkopf, et al. "Advanced Hydraulic Seal Design for High Temperature Environments." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90651.

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Hydraulic seals are successfully used to seal gas turbine shaft and bearing chambers because of their main advantages: reliable operation with zero leakage. However, due to the temperature limitations of the lubrication oil their application has been limited to relatively cold areas in the engine (e.g. front bearing chamber). To employ hydraulic seals in hotter areas, particularly at the rear bearing chamber with elevated wall and air temperatures, oil degradation and coking must be taken into account. Therefore, recirculation zones which lead to hot spots must be avoided and the oil residence
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Hagino, Naoto, Erkata Yandri, and Hiro Yoshida. "Field Experiment of Top-Heat Thermosyphon." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44144.

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Three types of thermosyphon were tested. Type-1 has a horizontal condenser with a 536ml volume buffer chamber. The vertical heat transfer height was 3m. In type-2, condenser and connecting pipe were tilted by 10° to the ground with 3776ml buffer chamber. In type-3, only condenser was tilted and the others were the same as type-2. In type-2 and -3, the vertical heat transfer height was 4 m. The maximum coefficient of the heat transfer was 60% for type-1 and 40% for type-2 and -3. Detailed difference in performance of type-1, -2, and -3 were not elucidated because of the limited field data. Howe
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Tripathy, S., M. A. Simon, M. S. Sacks, J. C. Brigham, and K. Kim. "3-Dimensional Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging for Quantitative Cardiac Mechanical Property Assessment: A Numerical Approach." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19291.

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Quantitative assessment of the cardiac tissue mechanical property or contractility is essential for the prognosis and treatment of various cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. Current evaluation methods are either invasive or limited, mainly due to complex 3-dimensional (3D) geometry and deformation of a heart. 2D imaging techniques assume erroneous planar geometry and deformations, while available 3D imaging techniques have limited functional assessment. Correlation-based 3D ultrasound (US) elasticity imaging (UEI) provides both anatomical
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Bucherer, Sebastian, Paul Rothe, Florian Sobek, et al. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Spark Plug and Passive Pre-Chamber Ignition on a Single-Cylinder Engine with Hydrogen Port Fuel Injection for Lean Operations." In 23rd Stuttgart International Symposium. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1205.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The race towards zero carbon emissions is ongoing with the need to reduce the consumption of fossil energy resources. This demands immediate and reliable developments regarding technical environmentally friendly solutions for the power and transportation sectors. An alternative way to achieve a carbon-free powertrain is the use of green hydrogen for internal combustion engines. In this work the self-designed Fraunhofer single-cylinder engine with a displacement volume of 430 mm<sup>3</sup> developed for extre
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Luecke, Karsten, Ernst-Ulrich Hartge, and Joachim Werther. "Modeling of Solids and Gas Mixing Effects in Large-Scale CFB Combustors." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-028.

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In a CFB combustor the reacting solids are locally fed into the combustion chamber. These reactants have to be dispersed across the reactor’s cross-sectional area. Since the rate of mixing is limited this leads to a mal-distribution of the reactants and to locally varying reaction conditions. In order to describe the influence of mixing a three-dimensional model of the combustion chamber is suggested here. The model is divided into three sub-topics. First, the flow structure in terms of local gas and solids velocities and solids volume concentrations is described. Second, mixing of the solids
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Liu, Quanyi, Kewei Chen, Nan Wu, Jiusheng Yin, Rui Yang, and Hui Zhang. "N-Heptane Pool Fire Behavior in a Controlled Oxygen and Low-Pressure Environment." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37389.

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Fires at high altitude airports have attracted a lot of attention. Such fires show some special characteristics because of the coupling impact of low pressure and low oxygen levels. Some experiments, which were conducted recently at high altitude locations, such as Lhasa and in some low pressure chambers, were usually extinguished due to the limited supply of oxygen. In order to reveal the dependence of fire behavior on pressure comprehensively, a low-pressure chamber with ventilation control of 2×3×4.65m3 in volume has been developed and built, which can allow larger scale fire tests to be co
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Scholl, Fino, Denis Neher, Maurice Kettner, Philipp Hügel, Heiko Kubach, and Markus Klaissle. "Development and Analysis of a Controlled Hot Surface Ignition System for Lean Burn Gas Engines." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81059.

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Spark ignition constitutes the most common way of mixture inflammation for gas engines of CHP units (combined heat and power). However, spark plug durability is limited due to spark erosion. High maintenance costs as a result of frequent spark plug replacements are the consequence. Beside the durability aspect, the inflammation of lean mixtures makes high demands on the inflammation process itself. Due to the small reactive mixture volume, the level of air-fuel ratio as well as the efficiency increase is limited. The ignition by means of a hot surface enables an increase of the reactive mixtur
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Reports on the topic "Limited volume chamber"

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Olsen and Fletcher. L52071 Literature Review Fuel-Air Mixing in Large Bore Natural Gas Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010949.

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Mixing is viewed as being problematic in many internal combustion engines, particularly large bore natural gas engines. In reviewing the literature an attempt is made to distinguish between the influences of mixing and turbulence, although for much of the published research the distinction is not made. Mixing is determined to have a major impact on engine efficiency, overall emissions, flame propagation, and cycle-to-cycle variations. The improvement of engine efficiency and overall emissions is concluded to be primarily due to the extension of the lean limit, a direct consequence of improved
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