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Journal articles on the topic 'Limiting factors for fuel cell'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

FRENI, S., S. CAVALLARO, M. AQUINO, D. RAVIDA, and N. GIORDANO. "Lifetime-limiting factors for a molten carbonate fuel cell." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 19, no. 4 (1994): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(94)90065-5.

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2

Kim, Yu Seung, Jong-Ho Choi, Tanya Agarwal, Eun Joo Park, Rod L. Borup, and Heemin Park. "(Invited) Key Factors of Hydrocarbon Ionomeric Binders for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 7 (2025): 763. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-017763mtgabs.

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The development of non-fluorinated hydrocarbon ionomer binders for electrochemical devices has garnered significant attention due to growing regulatory restrictions on polyfluoroalkyl substances. However, hydrocarbon binders generally exhibit inferior performance compared to perfluorosulfonic acid binders. This study investigates the key factors limiting the performance of hydrocarbon binders in fuel cells and electrolyzers. Using half-cell experiments with hydrocarbon ionomers and aqueous hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, three primary performance-limiting factors are identified: undesirable adsorp

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3

Shuai, Qilin, Yiheng Wang, Zhengxiong Jiang, and Qingsong Hua. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Fuel Cell Electrical Vehicles Considering Fuel Cell Degradation." Energies 17, no. 7 (2024): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071586.

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The service life and fuel consumption of fuel cell system (FCS) are the main factors limiting the commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). Effective energy management strategies (EMS) can reduce fuel consumption during the cycle and prolong the service life of FCS. This paper proposes an energy management strategy based on the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, deep Q-learning (DQL). Considering the unstable performance of conventional DQL during the training process, a new algorithm called Double Deep Q Learning (DDQL) is introduced. The DDQL uses a target evaluation

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4

Fry, M. R., H. Watson, and J. C. Hatchman. "Design of a prototype fuel cell/composite cycle power station." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 211, no. 2 (1997): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650971537088.

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The aspiration for fuel cells, in a public utility context, is that they are envisaged in the developed world as a means of significantly increasing the overall efficiency of power plants and of utilizing poor-quality fuel supplies. The thermodynamic and practical aspects in the design of a prototype power station consisting of a composite cycle of fuel cells, a gas turbine expander and a steam plant, or a steam plant only, are reported. The design was based on tubular fuel cell development. Overall efficiencies are estimated and limiting factors in the design are identified. Performance and e

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Li, Wenzhi, Yun Liu, Zhefei Pan, and Yun LIU. "A Hybrid Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 1 (2023): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02161mtgabs.

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Ammonia has emerged as a highly promising energy carrier [1], primarily because it offers a noticeable economic benefit over hydrogen in terms of source-to-tank expenses, owing to reduced transmission, distribution, and dispensation costs [2]. Direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) are capable of directly converting the chemical energy stored in ammonia into electrical energy. With its quick start-up advantage, this fuel cell technology holds great potential in the field of zero-emission transportation [3]. Although promising, this fuel cell performance needs to be much improved before the widespre

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Megill, Liam, and Volker Grewe. "Investigating the limiting aircraft-design-dependent and environmental factors of persistent contrail formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 25, no. 7 (2025): 4131–49. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4131-2025.

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Abstract. Mounting evidence has highlighted the role of aviation non-CO2 emissions in anthropogenic climate change. Of particular importance is the impact of contrails, to which recent studies attribute over one-third of the total effective radiative forcing from aircraft operations. However, the relative importance of the aircraft-design-dependent and environmental factors that influence the formation of persistent contrails is not yet well understood. In this paper, we use ERA5 data from the 2010s to better understand the interplay between the factors on a climatological timescale. We identi

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7

Shi, Wenwen, Ruimin Ding, Chang Liu, et al. "(Digital Presentation) Diagnostic Study of the Key Performance-Limiting Factors in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 38 (2023): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01382293mtgabs.

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Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) have received significant attention for their promised low production cost, largely enabled by the facile kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolytes and the broader selection of potential ionomers.1,2 The performance of AEMFCs has been improved significantly by utilizing AEM with high ion exchange capacity (IEC) and optimizing membrane electrode structures.3 However, some fundamental issues limiting the performance of AEMFCs need to be better understood, especially the reaction kinetics at the catalyst-ionomer interface and the

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8

Yurova, Polina A., Viktoria R. Malakhova, Ekaterina V. Gerasimova, Irina A. Stenina, and Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev. "Nafion/Surface Modified Ceria Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cell Application." Polymers 13, no. 15 (2021): 2513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152513.

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Low chemical durability of proton exchange membranes is one the main factors limiting their lifetime in fuel cells. Ceria nanoparticles are the most common free radical scavengers. In this work, hybrid membranes based on Nafion-117 membrane and sulfonic or phosphoric acid functionalized ceria synthesized from various precursors were prepared by the in situ method for the first time. Ceria introduction led to a slight decrease in conductivity of hybrid membranes in contact with water. At the same time, conductivity of membranes containing sulfonic acid modified ceria exceeded that of the pristi

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Jahan, Sarowar, Md Tarikul Islam, and Suman Chowdhury. "Investigation of Power Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell Using MATLAB Simulation." Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences 5, no. 1 (2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2020.5.1.230.

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Fuel cell based power generation systems have gained remarkable interest in this modern age, due to its high conversion efficiency and reliability. Among the different types of fuel cells, PEM fuel cells are achieving more significance due to its fast start up time and low operating temperature. This paper studies the mathematical model of proton exchange membrane of fuel cell (PEMFC) using Matlab/SIMULINK software. The paper consists of the calculation of cell voltage, stack current, ohmic loss, activation loss. This model is used to research the fuel cell behavior and the characteristic of o

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Yim, Chae-Ho, and Yaser Abu-Lebdeh. "Understanding Key Limiting Factors of Electrode and Cell Designs in Solid-State Lithium Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (2022): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012213mtgabs.

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Solid-state batteries (SSBs) use solid electrolytes (SE) to replace flammable liquid electrolytes that result in safer batteries with increased energy density enabled by lithium metal as an anode. Even though there have been recent major breakthroughs at the material level and some at the cell level, there are still many more challenges to overcome that are mostly related to the solid-solid interfaces besides the grand challenge of manufacturing these type of batteries with or without existing manufacturing processes with the promised energy density ( > 400Wh/Kg) at targeted low costs (<

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11

WANG, Zixin, Kui Li, Xiaojing Wang, and Jacob S. Spendelow. "Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Supported Pt Nanocatalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reactions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 41 (2024): 2650. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02412650mtgabs.

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Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at catalyst surface is the key kinetic limiting step in fuel cells that influence the overall cell performance in the energy conversion process. Rational design of the carbon supports with unique morphology and controllable porosity is challenging and significant for efficient and durable oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres with uniform size and precise control over mesopores and micropores have been derived from mussel-inspired biomimetic polydopamine through a facile colloidal synthesis method and subsequent high-temperature py

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Xie JiaMiao, Li JingYang, Zhou JiaYi, and Hao WenQian. "Analysis of electrode crack propagation in solid oxide fuel cell with pre-crack." Acta Physica Sinica 73, no. 23 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.73.20241176.

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The mechanical performance of solid oxide fuel cell is one of the main factors limiting its commercialization process. In order to reduce the degree of crack propagation during the cooling process and improve the stability and durability of the cell, the finite element analysis is conducted on a three-dimensional model of solid oxide fuel cell containing pre-cracks. Utilizing the extended finite element method (XFEM) and fracture theory, considering the stress distribution, length and maximum width after crack propagation and deflection angle of crack as criteria, this paper investigates the i

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Sarker, Mrittunjoy, Joy Marie Mora, Felipe Mojica, and Po-Ya Chuang. "Effect of Membrane Thickness and Operating Conditions on PEMFC Limiting Current Analysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 53 (2024): 2845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01532845mtgabs.

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Hydrogen powered proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have great potentials to replace the traditional internal combustion engines due to its inherent advantages of zero greenhouse gas emissions, better fuel efficiency, quick startup, silent operation, less required maintenance, etc. In a PEMFC, oxygen transport is a critical performance limiting factor because of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction kinetics. Limiting current method is a well-established in-situ diagnostic tool to measure the oxygen transport resistance in a PEMFC. To obtain accurate oxygen transport resistances, a f

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14

Rusyn, Iryna, Oksana Fihurka, and Vasyl Dyachok. "Effect of Plants Morphological Parameters on Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell Efficiency." Innovative Biosystems and Bioengineering 6, no. 3-4 (2023): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/ibb.2022.6.3-4.273108.

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Background. Plant-microbial fuel cell (PMFC) is an innovative biotechnology for the environmentally safe bioelectricity generation. The widespread use of bioelectrical systems (biosystems) is hindered by their insufficient efficiency due to limiting knowings of the relationship between bioelectricity generation and features of their biotechnological components. Objective. Тhe purpose of this study was to analyze the role of the plants morphological parameters and structure features of biomodules on generation of bioelectricity. Methods. Biometric, biogravimetric, voltammetric, and statistical

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15

Stöver, Detlev, Hans Peter Buchkremer, Andreas Mai, Norbert H. Menzler, and Mohsine Zahid. "Processing and Properties of Advanced Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1367.

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Up to now, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) materials and processing does not meet the cost goals for commercialization. This resulted in a worldwide increase in R&D activities dealing with advanced materials and effective manufacturing methods. The present paper describes efforts to process novel SOFC materials as well as optimization of well known ones. The R&D trends are explained for key components such as anode, electrolyte, cathode, contact- and protective layers. Typical SOFC manufacturing methods include tape casting, extrusion, calendaring and axial pressing. Each of these techniq

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Conforto, Gioele, Moritz Bohn, Leon Hüttinger, Tobias Kutsch, Robin Schuster, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Identification of the Limiting Factors to Improve the Cycling Stability of Sulfide-Based ASSBs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 8 (2024): 1079. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0281079mtgabs.

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All-Solid-State Batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as a highly promising post-lithium-ion battery technology, offering notable advancements in safety and energy density. However, an intrinsic disadvantage arises from the usually higher density of inorganic solid electrolyte materials compared to their liquid counterparts, constituting a drawback that hinders gains in overall energy density. To overcome this limitation, the imperative is to transition towards higher specific capacity materials, thereby unlocking the full potential for enhancing the energy density of ASSBs. On the cathode front, res

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Cai, Wenfang, and Yunhai Wang. "Investigation of a two-dimensional model on Cu²⁺ recovery in bioemectrochemical system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, no. 1 (2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012013.

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Abstract A novel microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed to recover Cu2+ from simulated electroplating wastewater. The BES has two chambers separated by a bipolar membrane and two cathodes. To explore the rate controlling step affecting Cu2+ deposition rate, spatial mass distribution and its deposition process during Cu2+ deposition on MFC cathode. A two-dimensional, transient model was built to study the factors that limiting Cu2+ deposition in MFC. We found that the formation of ion scarcity zone would decrease Cu2+ deposition rate, which leading to mass transfer limiting Cu2+ reduction on ca

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18

Ikyo, B. A., D. Sunday, M. S. Lyam, and A. Itodo. "Performance Efficiency of a Silicon Based Photovoltaic Cell Operating under Ambient Conditions in Benue State, Nigeria." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 1 (March 8, 2019): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.53.

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The use of photovoltaic cells (solar cells) for generation of electricity is no longer uncommon in Nigeria; this is because solar energy is undoubtedly part of the solution to the problem of dwindling fossil-fuel reserves. Various technologies of photovoltaic systems are imported from different countries and are being used locally with little or no information of their appraisal and field performance. In this work the performance efficiency of a silicon based solar panel operating under ambient conditions has been determined in an experiment using an off the shelf PV module. Measurements were

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Froitzheim, J., and J. E. Svensson. "Nanocoatings for SOFC Interconnects - Mitigating Chromium Volatilization and Improving Corrosion Properties." Materials Science Forum 696 (September 2011): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.696.412.

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Two important degradation mechanisms in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are directly related to the metallic interconnects. The formation of volatile chromium oxides from metallic interconnects commonly causes fast degradation in cell performance due to poisoning the cathode. Secondly is the ability of the metallic interconnect to form a thin protective oxide one of the most important lifetime limiting factors for SOFC. Chromium volatilization of various uncoated steels is studied as a function of temperature by a recently developed denuder technique which allows time resolved quantification of

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20

Sung, Yung-Eun, and Jongmin Lee. "(Invited) Facile and Scalable Production of an Intermetallic Nanocatalyst for High-Power Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 40 (2023): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02401985mtgabs.

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With universal attention to sustainable development, the eco-friendly generation of energy has been emerging as one of the most important tasks. Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are one of the key solutions to this urgent problem due to their clean energy generation. However, a complicated reaction environment has been limiting its power performance for industrial applications, such as 1) catalytic activity, 2) oxygen mass transfer, and 3) proton conduction at the cathode catalyst layer. To handle all these critical factors, a holistic design and elaborate synthesis of catalyst are

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Kregar, Ambroz, Andraž Kravos, and Tomaž Katrašnik. "Mathematical Model of Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Anode, Cathode, and Membrane of LT-PEMFC." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (2022): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351524mtgabs.

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Degradation of proton exchange membrane in low-temperature fuel cells represents one of the main limiting factors for wider adoption of this clean, carbon emission free energy device. In combination with mechanical degradation caused by membrane swelling and shrinkage during water content change, chemical degradation of the membrane is considered to be the main mechanism leading to loss of membrane conductivity, membrane thinning and eventual pinhole formation. Chemical degradation is caused by the attack of reactive radical species on the perfluorinated polymer chains of the membrane, which a

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Varize, Camila S., Augusto Bücker, Lucas D. Lopes, et al. "Increasing Ethanol Tolerance and Ethanol Production in an Industrial Fuel Ethanol Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain." Fermentation 8, no. 10 (2022): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100470.

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The stress imposed by ethanol to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are one of the most challenging limiting factors in industrial fuel ethanol production. Consequently, the toxicity and tolerance to high ethanol concentrations has been the subject of extensive research, allowing the identification of several genes important for increasing the tolerance to this stress factor. However, most studies were performed with well-characterized laboratory strains, and how the results obtained with these strains work in industrial strains remains unknown. In the present work, we have tested three different

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Venkatramanan, V., Shachi Shah, and Ram Prasad. "A Critical Review on Microbial Fuel Cells Technology: Perspectives on Wastewater Treatment." Open Biotechnology Journal 15, no. 1 (2021): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070702115010131.

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Increasing demand for renewable energy in the backdrop of global change calls for waste valorization and circular economy strategies. Public health concerns and demand for clean energy provide impetus to the development of wastewater based MFC. Wastewater treatment and simultaneous generation of bioelectricity offer a myriad of environmental benefits. Nevertheless, it is pertinent to know the challenges with the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology to upscale the wastewater based MFC. This paper attempts to critically analyse the processes, application, challenges and opportunities of wastewat

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Smyrnioti, Maria, та Theophilos Ioannides. "Dimethyl Ether Hydrolysis over WO3/γ-Al2O3 Supported Catalysts". Catalysts 12, № 4 (2022): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12040396.

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Dimethyl ether (DME) is considered an alternative hydrogen carrier with potential use in fuel cells and automotive and domestic applications. Dimethyl ether hydrolysis to methanol is a thermodynamically limited reaction catalyzed by solid-acid catalysts, mainly Al2O3 and zeolites. Moreover, it is the rate-limiting step of the DME steam reforming reaction, which is employed for the production of hydrogen fuel for fuel cell feeding. In the present study, the performance of WO3/Al2O3 catalysts (0–44% wt. WO3) was tested in DME hydrolysis reaction. The catalysts were characterized by means of N2-p

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Yang, Jing, Mark A. McCormick, Jiashun Zheng, et al. "Systematic analysis of asymmetric partitioning of yeast proteome between mother and daughter cells reveals “aging factors” and mechanism of lifespan asymmetry." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 38 (2015): 11977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506054112.

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Budding yeast divides asymmetrically, giving rise to a mother cell that progressively ages and a daughter cell with full lifespan. It is generally assumed that mother cells retain damaged, lifespan limiting materials (“aging factors”) through asymmetric division. However, the identity of these aging factors and the mechanisms through which they limit lifespan remain poorly understood. Using a flow cytometry-based, high-throughput approach, we quantified the asymmetric partitioning of the yeast proteome between mother and daughter cells during cell division, discovering 74 mother-enriched and 6

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Quinn, Alexander H., Lia P. Bu, and Fikile R. Brushett. "On the Factors Influencing Isopropanol Oxidation on Platinum Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 29 (2025): 1569. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01291569mtgabs.

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The isopropanol/acetone redox couple is representative of a larger class of room-temperature liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) which are relatively abundant, inexpensive, chemically stable, energy dense, and, under the right conditions, can be reversibly transformed electrochemically to store energy and/or hydrogen.1 Due to the inherent stability of both molecules there is a need for selective, active, and durable electrocatalysts to drive the electrochemical reaction in either direction. The most widely studied catalysts for isopropanol electrooxidation are based on platinum (Pt) group

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Kondo, Ayako, Yuki Saito, Agnesia Permatasari, Keita Nakano, Takeru Yano, and Gen Inoue. "Evaluation of Reaction and Mass Transport Properties of Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 2994. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02442994mtgabs.

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Recently, polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), which are expected to be applied to heavy-duty vehicles with high environmental load, are required to further improve their output power. the output characteristics of PEFC depend on the structure of the catalyst layer, including the aggregation form of the carbon support and the ionomer coating state. The structure of the catalyst layer is also important. The catalyst layer structure is also determined by the composition of the catalyst ink that forms the structure and the agglomeration form of the particles. However, the correlation between eac

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Sharma, Preetam, Douglas Aaron, Lei Cheng, et al. "Localized Electrochemical Performance Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs)." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 42 (2022): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02421571mtgabs.

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Pt electrocatalyst durability in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is generally evaluated through an accelerated stress test (AST); for example, one AST features repeated square-wave cycling with H2/N2 between 0.6 V to 0.95 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) [1]. A separate triangular-wave AST with a higher potential range (1 – 1.5 V vs. RHE) assesses the durability of carbon-based supports [2]. Recent studies [3]–[5] have revealed the heterogeneous nature of cathode catalyst layer degradation. In general, Pt particle size growth mimics the flow field geometry with greater particle

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Raab, Sebastian, Po-Ya Abel Chuang, and Andre Weber. "In-Depth Analysis of the Impact of Ionomer Content on PEMFC Degradation By Combining Electrochemical Characterization Techniques and Transmission Line Modeling." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 3050. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02443050mtgabs.

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The future success of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology depends on a further increase in performance and durability as well as a decrease in costs. The catalyst layer plays an important role in these aims, as the employed catalyst, carbon and ionomer materials and their composition strongly influence these three success factors. One key parameter, which has a strong effect on the cathode catalyst layer (CCL), is the ionomer to carbon (I/C) ratio. The I/C ratio has shown a direct impact on mass transport processes, performance [1] and cold start behavior [2] of PEMFC

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Blair, Megan C., Michael D. Neinast, and Zoltan Arany. "Whole-body metabolic fate of branched-chain amino acids." Biochemical Journal 478, no. 4 (2021): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200686.

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Oxidation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) is tightly regulated in mammals. We review here the distribution and regulation of whole-body BCAA oxidation. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the rate-limiting enzyme, branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex directly regulates BCAA oxidation, and various other indirect mechanisms of regulation also exist. Most tissues throughout the body are capable of BCAA oxidation, and the flux of oxidative BCAA disposal in each tissue is influenced by three key factors: 1. tissue-specific preference for BCAA oxidation relative to other fuels,

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Liu, Jiafei, and Marc Secanell. "Exploring the Impact of Cathode Ionomer Content on Alkaline Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFCs) Using Inkjet Printing Technique." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 3019. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02443019mtgabs.

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Hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) typically rely on expensive platinum group metals (PGMs) as catalysts. A promising strategy to eliminate the need for PGM catalysts is to operate the cell under alkaline conditions. Non-PGM based AEMFCs have achieved power densities exceeding 1 W/cm2, and various commercial electrolytes, such as Tokuyama A201/A901/AS-4, FumaTech Fumasep, Ionomr Aemion, and Versogen PiperION, have been developed and are available for researchers to explore and enhance AEMFC performance. Unfortunately, AEMFCs using commercial materials have not yet demonstrat

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Tan, Thomas C. J., John Knight, Thomas Sbarrato, Kate Dudek, Anne E. Willis, and Rose Zamoyska. "Suboptimal T-cell receptor signaling compromises protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and proliferation of mouse CD8 T cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 30 (2017): E6117—E6126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700939114.

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Global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of T cells have been rich sources of unbiased data for understanding T-cell activation. Lack of full concordance of these datasets has illustrated that important facets of T-cell activation are controlled at the level of translation. We undertook translatome analysis of CD8 T-cell activation, combining polysome profiling and microarray analysis. We revealed that altering T-cell receptor stimulation influenced recruitment of mRNAs to heavy polysomes and translation of subsets of genes. A major pathway that was compromised, when TCR signaling was subo

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Daoud, Jamal, and Dimitre Karamanev. "BIOKINETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FERROPLASMA ACIDIPHILUM." Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection 2023, no. 1/2023 (2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32006/2023.1.0516.

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Abstract. Recently a mixed culture dominated by the iron-oxidizing microorganisms Leptospirillum and Ferroplasma has been used in a large-scale microbial fuel cell for electrical power generation. There are many factors that affect the kinetics of iron oxidation by the mixotroph Ferroplasma acidiphilum. This study investigated the effects of pH, temperature, and substrate and yeast extract concentrations in order to arrive at kinetically favorable operating conditions with minimal jarosite precipitation. Furthermore, F. acidiphilum was cultured with Leptospirillum sp. in order to determine its

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Dosset, Magalie, Elodie Lauret-Marie Joseph, Thaiz Rivera Vargas, and Lionel Apetoh. "Modulation of Determinant Factors to Improve Therapeutic Combinations with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors." Cells 9, no. 7 (2020): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9071727.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have shown their superiority over conventional therapies to treat some cancers. ICPi are effective against immunogenic tumors. However, patients with tumors poorly infiltrated with immune cells do not respond to ICPi. Combining ICPi with other anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, or vaccines, which can stimulate the immune system and recruit antitumor T cells into the tumor bed, may be a relevant strategy to increase the proportion of responding patients. Such an approach still raises the following questions: What are the immunological featu

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Pan, Lili, Chao Hong, Lai N. Chan, et al. "PON2 subverts metabolic gatekeeper functions in B cells to promote leukemogenesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (2021): e2016553118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016553118.

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Unlike other cell types, developing B cells undergo multiple rounds of somatic recombination and hypermutation to evolve high-affinity antibodies. Reflecting the high frequency of DNA double-strand breaks, adaptive immune protection by B cells comes with an increased risk of malignant transformation. B lymphoid transcription factors (e.g., IKZF1 and PAX5) serve as metabolic gatekeepers by limiting glucose to levels insufficient to fuel transformation. We here identified aberrant expression of the lactonase PON2 in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) as a mechanism to bypass metabolic g

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Kaur, Mayher, Massar Alsamraae, Nia G. Hammond, Robert Cameron, Brianna Chang, and Brandon Faubert. "Abstract LB057: Metabolic vulnerabilities in non-small cell lung cancer metastasis." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_2 (2025): LB057. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-lb057.

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Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, largely due to its propensity to metastasize to distant organs. To identify new treatment strategies, there is a need to better understand the biological factors, such as metabolic reprogramming, that enable the survival of NSCLC cells throughout the metastatic cascade. However, standard cell culture media have non-physiological levels of key nutrients, limiting the ability to translate these findings in vivo. Here, we integrated physiological in-vitro and in-vivo approaches to reveal how metabol

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Sheng, Zhi, Yanping Liang, Chih-Yin Lin, Lucio Comai, and William J. Chirico. "Direct Regulation of rRNA Transcription by Fibroblast Growth Factor 2." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 21 (2005): 9419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.21.9419-9426.2005.

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ABSTRACT Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), which is highly expressed in developing tissues and malignant cells, regulates cell growth, differentiation, and migration. Five isoforms (18 to ∼34 kDa) of FGF-2 are derived from alternative initiation codons of a single mRNA. The 18-kDa FGF-2 isoform is released from cells by a nonclassical secretory pathway and regulates gene expression by binding to cell surface receptors. This isoform also localizes to the nucleolus, raising the possibility that it may directly regulate ribosome biogenesis, a rate-limiting process in cell growth. Although sever

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Zeng, Chao, Soowhan Kim, Yucheng Fu, Yunxiang Chen, Jie Bao, and Zhijie Xu. "Elucidating Degradation of Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 3 (2024): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-013543mtgabs.

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Redox flow batteries, facilitating the dissociation of energy and power, emerge as a promising avenue for electrochemical electricity storage. A shift from vanadium flow batteries to those employing aqueous organic electroactive species is evident due to the latter's advantageous features, such as diverse design possibilities through functionalization, reduced cost, non-toxicity, and improved availability. Despite expectations that organic redox flow batteries can surpass a lifespan of 10 years or 2000 cycles, their practical long-term performance faces challenges arising from electrode, membr

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Wei, Fei, Aslan Kosakian, Jiafei Liu, and Marc Secanell. "Water Transport Characterization of Anion and Proton Exchange Membranes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 50 (2022): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02502620mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) and anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells (FCs) are the two types of fuel cell devices that electrochemically convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity and heat with water as the only by-product. Due to no requirement of precious and non-renewable platinum as the catalyst material, AEMFCs have attracted great attention in recent years [1,2]. However, water balance between anode and cathode in AEMFCs is more crucial than in PEMFCs, as water not only is produced in the anode, hindering hydrogen transport to the anode catalyst layer, but also funct

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Ludlow, Andrew T., Aaron L. Slusher, and Mohammed E. Sayed. "Insights into Telomerase/hTERT Alternative Splicing Regulation Using Bioinformatics and Network Analysis in Cancer." Cancers 11, no. 5 (2019): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050666.

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The reactivation of telomerase in cancer cells remains incompletely understood. The catalytic component of telomerase, hTERT, is thought to be the limiting component in cancer cells for the formation of active enzymes. hTERT gene expression is regulated at several levels including chromatin, DNA methylation, transcription factors, and RNA processing events. Of these regulatory events, RNA processing has received little attention until recently. RNA processing and alternative splicing regulation have been explored to understand how hTERT is regulated in cancer cells. The cis- and trans-acting f

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Staňková, B., J. Macášek, M. Zeman, et al. "Polymorphisms rs2167444 and rs508384 in the SCD1 Gene Are Linked with High ApoB-48 Levels and Adverse Profile of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors." Folia Biologica 65, no. 4 (2019): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2019065040159.

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Elevated plasma concentration of apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting lipogenic enzyme and a key regulator of fuel metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyse associations between clinical, biochemical, and genetic factors and different apoB-48 levels in subjects at increased cardiometabolic risk. We examined 220 subjects exhibiting at least one metabolic syndrome (MetS) component. In conjunction with basic clinical, anthropometric and laboratory measurements, we analysed various polymorp

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Moraes, Carlos T., Lesley Kenyon, and Huiling Hao. "Mechanisms of Human Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance: The Determining Role of Primary Sequence and Length over Function." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 10 (1999): 3345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.10.3345.

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Although the regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is performed by nuclear-coded factors, very little is known about the mechanisms controlling this process. We attempted to introduce nonhuman ape mtDNA into human cells harboring either no mtDNA or mutated mtDNAs (partial deletion and tRNA gene point mutation). Unexpectedly, only cells containing no mtDNA could be repopulated with nonhuman ape mtDNA. Cells containing a defective human mtDNA did not incorporate or maintain ape mtDNA and therefore died under selection for oxidative phosphorylation function. On the other hand, forei

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Hirai, Takeshi, Satoru Hommura, Atsushi Watakabe, et al. "High Oxygen Permeability Ionomer Composed Entirely of Cyclic Monomers: Synthesis, Properties, and Application to Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 43 (2024): 2885. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02432885mtgabs.

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Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs) are key devices, producing electricity from hydrogen and oxygen, pivotal for sustainable energy systems with no CO2 emissions. They are considered for various uses, including power sources for mobility, stationary cogeneration and off-grid power generation. However, the transportation sector, especially Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDVs) and aviation, which have high emissions, experiences difficulties with decarbonization and cannot rely on existing batteries due to high load, high output, and long usage time. This scenario places high expectations on the broade

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Oppek, Philipp, Tobias Goosmann, and Andre Weber. "Impact of Clamping Force Distribution on Loss Processes in a Segmented PEMFC." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371798mtgabs.

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The operation of large-scale polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) inevitably leads to significant spatial gradients along the gas channels. Depending on the local operating conditions, the physicochemical processes and thus also the resistances in the cell vary, which in turn determine the local performance. In addition, design parameters such as the spatial clamping force distribution have a significant influence on the ohmic contact resistance and the compression of the porous layers and thus the diffusion resistance. Thereby, the influences of these factors on the corresponding r

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Kołodziejczyk, Izabela, Przemysław Tomczyk, and Andrzej Kaźmierczak. "Endoreplication—Why Are We Not Using Its Full Application Potential?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (2023): 11859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411859.

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Endoreplication—a process that is common in plants and also accompanies changes in the development of animal organisms—has been seen from a new perspective in recent years. In the paper, we not only shed light on this view, but we would also like to promote an understanding of the application potential of this phenomenon in plant cultivation. Endoreplication is a pathway for cell development, slightly different from the classical somatic cell cycle, which ends with mitosis. Since many rounds of DNA synthesis take place within its course, endoreplication is a kind of evolutionary compensation f

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Vecchi, Valeria, Simone Barera, Roberto Bassi, and Luca Dall’Osto. "Potential and Challenges of Improving Photosynthesis in Algae." Plants 9, no. 1 (2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010067.

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Sunlight energy largely exceeds the energy required by anthropic activities, and therefore its exploitation represents a major target in the field of renewable energies. The interest in the mass cultivation of green microalgae has grown in the last decades, as algal biomass could be employed to cover a significant portion of global energy demand. Advantages of microalgal vs. plant biomass production include higher light-use efficiency, efficient carbon capture and the valorization of marginal lands and wastewaters. Realization of this potential requires a decrease of the current production cos

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Lyth, Stephen Matthew, Thomas Bayer, Kazunari Sasaki, et al. "Graphene-Based Electrolyte Membranes with Low Hydrogen Permeability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 43 (2024): 2935. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02432935mtgabs.

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Electrolyzers and fuel cells are promising candidates for sustainable conversion of electricity to hydrogen and hydrogen to electricity, offering an energy storage solution with high efficiency and low environmental impact. However, the problem of hydrogen crossover in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) presents a particular challenge, limiting the efficiency and ultimately hindering their widespread adoption. Meanwhile, graphene is a well-known nanomaterial that is reportedly practically impermeable to gases. Here, we present innovative approaches to tackle the issue of hydrogen crossover

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Deng, Y., J. W. Yewdell, L. C. Eisenlohr, and J. R. Bennink. "MHC affinity, peptide liberation, T cell repertoire, and immunodominance all contribute to the paucity of MHC class I-restricted peptides recognized by antiviral CTL." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 4 (1997): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.4.1507.

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Abstract MHC class I-restricted T cell responses to viral proteins focus on a limited set of peptides. To better understand this phenomenon, we examined all of the 26 nonameric peptides encoded by the influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) conforming to the canonical Kd binding motif. Ten peptides bound strongly to Kd as assessed by a cell surface stabilization assay. Five of these 10 induced in vitro secondary CD8+ T cell responses from splenocytes derived from PR8-immunized mice. The strongest responses were induced by the two previously defined antigenic peptides, which ranked only second

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Ibanez, Jorge, Haley Houke, Abdul Elayan, et al. "EXTH-40. DIPGS SUPPRESS THE EFFICACY OF T CELL THERAPIES THROUGH DYSFUNCTIONAL IMMUNE SYNAPSE FORMATION." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (2022): vii218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.838.

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Abstract Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are highly lethal pediatric brain tumors. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutics. While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has the potential to meet this need and early phase clinical studies with CAR T cells have shown safety and some efficacy, additional studies are needed to understand the lack of efficacy of CAR T cells against DIPGs. The goal of this study was to identify CAR T cell efficacy limiting factors in DIPG setting. To study that, we focused on targeting GRP78, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein

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Karschnia, Philipp, Jens Blobner, Nico Teske, et al. "CAR T-Cells for CNS Lymphoma: Driving into New Terrain?" Cancers 13, no. 10 (2021): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102503.

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Primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSL) represent a group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas and secondary CNS lymphomas refer to secondary involvement of the neuroaxis by systemic disease. CNS lymphomas are associated with limited prognosis even after aggressive multimodal therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have proven as a promising therapeutic avenue in hematological B-cell malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and mantle-cell lymphoma. CARs endow an autologous T-cell population with MHC-unrestricted effectivity against tumor target

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