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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Limits of representation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Limits of representation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Limits of representation"

1

SCHWEBER, HOWARD. "The Limits of Political Representation." American Political Science Review 110, no. 2 (May 2016): 382–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000137.

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A representation is always a selective and limited reproduction of the thing represented, an idea captured in the metaphor of a map. What is left out of a representation is as important as what is included. A specifically political conception of representation implies limits to the scope of that conception, the nature and character of the represented constituency, and the relationship between constituent and representative, irrespective of variations in institutional design and practice. The limits of political representation reflect normative commitments; consequently, a focus on those limits is central to an evaluation of representative practices. While it is important to look beyond familiar institutional forms, excessively inclusive descriptions of “representative,” “constituency,” or “representation” deprive those conceptions of their substantive content. The limits of political representation are not defects to be overcome by an ever-expanding definition of representation, they are an essential focus in the normative or empirical analysis of representative institutions and practices.

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Curry, Michael R., Franco Farinelli, Gunnar Olsson, and Dagmar Reichert. "The Limits of Representation." Economic Geography 71, no. 2 (April 1995): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144370.

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Rogan, Alcena Madeline Davis. "Alien Sex Acts in Feminist Science Fiction: Heuristic Models for Thinking a Feminist Future of Desire." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 3 (May 2004): 442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081204x20226.

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Even at their most bizarre, representations of alien sex are bound to reinscribe the terms of human desire. Thus there can be no representation of an alien sex act that is radically alien. However, for certain writers, this representational impasse provides an occasion for thinking through the limits of fictional and feminist representation. Through a reading of Monique Wittig's Les Guérillères, Samuel Delany's Trouble on Triton and Stars in My Pocket like Grains of Sand, and Angela Carter's The Passion of New Eve, I explore how alien sex is represented not only or even primarily in literal terms but also as an act that takes place in a fictional discursive milieu that critiques contemporary human sexual relations. I also describe how these writers' creative imaginings of alien sex function as a dialectical corollary to their theoretical investigations into the limits of representation.

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Young, Alison. "In the Frame: Crime and the Limits of Representation." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 29, no. 2 (August 1996): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589602900201.

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Recent research in criminology has taken up the question of the representation of crime. This article seeks to show, by means of a case study, that the question of representation should be addressed less in terms of its correspondence to reality, but rather in terms of its own structures. These structures enable us to see how crime is staged as a problem in and of cultural representation. The case study analysed is that of the James Bulger case in Britain: the murder of a two year old boy by two 10 year old boys, the ensuing trial and sentencing of the boys for murder and abduction. The article analyses three themes which were prominent in the media reports (representations of the nature of childhood; the maternal relation; and the paternal figure). The article also demonstrates, by means of an analysis of the reliance upon a technology of the image in the case, that there are limits to representation: as the desire or demand for representation seeks to see the event of abduction and murder, that event can only be represented as lack or absence.

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Wu, Pei Dong, A. Graf, Mukesh K. Jain, and S. R. MacEwen. "On Alternative Representation of Forming Limits." Key Engineering Materials 177-180 (April 2000): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.177-180.517.

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Ross, Kristin. "Albertine; Or, the Limits of Representation." NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction 19, no. 2 (1986): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1345549.

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Price, Brian. "Pain and the Limits of Representation." Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media 47, no. 2 (2006): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/frm.2006.0018.

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Rossi, Guido. "Baldus and the Limits of Representation." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 86, no. 1-2 (June 27, 2018): 55–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08612p06.

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Boche, Holger, and Volker Pohl. "Signal representation and approximation–fundamental limits." European Transactions on Telecommunications 18, no. 5 (2007): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1194.

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Biswas, Moinak. "Limits of Representation: Ritwik Ghatak’s Subarnarekha." Philosophy East and West 71, no. 1 (2021): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2021.0008.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Limits of representation"

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Heide, David C. "Kant's Idealism: On the Character and Limits of Spatial Representation." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1283966702.

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Richards, Mary Elizabeth. "Resisting the limits of the performing body." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2368/.

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This thesis explores masochism as a performance trope investigating the relationship between the politics of cultural production and masochistic performance practices. By examining the work of a number of contemporary artists, particularly artists whose work is concerned with broaching or subverting the physical and psychical limits of the body, this thesis asserts that masochistic works present a provocation and resistance to patriarchal discourses of power, in particular those practices and disciplines of power/ knowledge responsible for the constitution of 'desirable' subjectivity. For the purposes of this thesis 'desirable' denotes both a Foucauldian sense of the 'docile' social subject conforming to the disciplinary technologies of society, combined with the idea of high modernity's capitalist driven economic dependence on the perpetuation of consumer 'desire'. In order to undertake this investigation, an understanding of theoretical and cultural masochism has been utilised in relation to certain forms of performance practice. Drawing upon an understanding of Julia Kristeva's notion of the abject and the cultural construction of the 'obscene' and their significance in relation to the constitution of the subject, this thesis analyses the points at which the abject, the obscene and the discourse of masochism intersect and interrogate acculturated ideas concerning the acceptable limits of re/presentation and the social subject. Through a discussion of the diverse range of perspectives on masochism, coupled with it's abject and 'obscene' inflections, this thesis considers the utility of masochistic actions in investigating contemporary subjectivity and its temporary, masochistically induced loss. In so doing this thesis extends its analysis to elaborate the cultural and socio-political significance of presenting/ representing alternative subjectivity through means of masochistic performances that work in opposition to the patriarchally constructed, sado-masochistic cultural economy of 'desire'.

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Mullen, A. Whedbee. "Horror, the sublime, and the limits of representation in the cinema." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282419.

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Fragiskatos, Peter. "Rebels and representation : Kurdish human rights and the limits of advocacy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265525.

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This thesis attempts to ascertain the implications for human rights when rebels become the only advocates of a population targeted by mass violence. The specific focus is placed on the case of Kurdish rebel organisations from Iraq and Turkey. Lacking an ability to organise freely within either state, these groups established a presence in the more open political environment of the West where they undertook efforts aimed at winning global support. After setting a theoretical basis in chapters one and two, the case studies that follow begin with an overview of the causes of the violence experienced by the Iraqi and Turkish Kurds, before proceeding to assess how this violence was represented on the global stage by the rebel organisations and their representatives. The time period assessed runs from the immediate aftermath of World War One through to the present day. Whereas previous studies of advocacy in International Relations have looked closely at the actions of more benign actors such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, this study is more concerned with what happens when important human rights abuses go unnoticed. In such a context, rebels often become a people's only representatives. The result is that the message presented to the global community is one that conforms to the interests of the rebel organisation. This raises major questions and problems for millions whose perspectives might not match with rebel aims. In short, what is not said is more important than what is said. This focus on rebel-directed activism also casts serious doubts on the value of advocacy by exploring its role in reproducing rebel power at the expense of those that are most in need of support. It was only when Kurdish activists were able to establish an independent perspective that some of these limitations were addressed. In this, the act ivities carried out by the London-based Kurdish Human Rights Project (KHRP) are especially notable. By helping bring cases to the attention of the European Court of Human Rights, the KHRP has helped give voice and obtain tangible results for ordinary Kurds who never figured prominently in the agendas of any Kurdish rebel faction.

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Bakht, Nazli. "Analysis Of The Limits Of Representation Of Architectural Photographic Images In Periodicals." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608921/index.pdf.

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This study aims to analyze the limits of representation of architectural photographic images in periodicals within architectural media that shape today&
#8217
s architectural production. This aim is accomplished in three sections
examining the power of image in architecture
examining architectural media and examining the periodicals&
#8217
attitudes towards using architectural photography. A case study is done to uncover the relationship between the photograph and the medium that it takes place on and determine the continuities and discontinuities between the architecture and visual language that is used to &
#8216
represent&
#8217
it. Zaha Hadid is selected as she is one of the leading figures in contemporary architectural culture and her projects are widely published in media. The exemplary periodicals from different cultural domains are selected according to their positions in architectural media. Selected examples are thought to be the representative for each domain. The contextual properties of each domain are outlined and compared through a set of variables. These variables appear to form the ground for the identification of the limits of architectural media within contemporary architectural production. Finally, the case study aims to understand the periodicals&
#8217
attitudes towards using photographic imagery and finally compare architect&
#8217
s intentions and design considerations about his projects and the way it is represented in selected periodicals.

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Young, Michael. "On the Scaffolding of Selfhood: Self-Representation and the Limits of Misidentification." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27007740.

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Insofar as psychiatrists and neurologists tend to the mental wellbeing of others, their work is interwoven with philosophical concerns and theoretical assumptions about the nature of the mind, its myriad functions and the conditions governing its multiform pathologies. That the mind figures so prominently in their ordinary language attests to the wealth of insights that stands to be gained through a dialogue with philosophy. In one of the earliest efforts to taxonomize psychiatric medicine, General Psychopathology, Jaspers incisively remarks that “the exclusion of philosophy would be disastrous for psychiatry…if any psychopathologist thinks he can disregard philosophy and leave it aside as useless he will eventually be defeated by it in an unperceived way” (770). At the very least, philosophy can offer psychiatry, neurology, and indeed all of medicine a more refined vocabulary to describe the human phenomena it aims to capture. Adding to Jaspers’ remarks, it is important to appreciate the significance of the reverse as well: a philosophical enterprise that confines itself to its own increasingly scholastic linguistic games and overlooks the findings of neurology, psychiatry and the neurosciences will eventually be overwhelmed by them in some form or other. These considerations animate the present work, which examines the crucial yet underexplored convergence of philosophy and neuropsychiatry with respect to self-representation and first-personal authority, particularly through the clinical lens of thought-insertion delusions and mirror synesthesia, and illuminates a novel account of selfhood emerging at this intersection.

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Connor, Laura. "Frameworks: The Limits of Perception and Representation in Spanish Narrative and Painting, 1880-1920." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11486.

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Realism is a mode of representation that purports to depict contemporary society objectively and in its entirety. By contrast, modernist artists are often regarded as having turned away from external reality to represent subjective states and to emphasize the artistic (versus mimetic) qualities of art. Building on recent scholarship that has demonstrated that Spanish realist authors were mindful of the limitations of the realist project, this study examines frames as devices through which both realist and modernist authors and artists working in fin-de-siècle Spain signal the limits of perception and representation.
Romance Languages and Literatures

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Lawrence, Tim. ""One glimpse and vanished" : the limits of representation in Samuel Beckett's criticism and fiction." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12357/.

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This thesis examines how philosophical influence shaped the representation of vision in Beckett’s critical writing and fiction. In order to undertake this analysis, I draw on trends within Beckett studies, especially those focused on the relationship between Beckett and phenomenology, while also seeking to draw on textual and rhetorical approaches from outside Beckett studies. Beckett’s writing and thinking on visual art are examined in detail, and it is argued that Beckett’s essays were crucial to the development of his literary aesthetic. This thesis examines how Beckett’s use of the figural suggests an implicit philosophical perspective, grounded in concerns about the status and nature of representation. It details these philosophical traces in Beckett’s writing in relation to theories of art, perception and consciousness with which Beckett is known to have engaged. The first chapter focuses on the Kantian philosophical tradition and its manifestations in Beckett’s essay Proust (1931) and his novel Murphy (1938), before considering their relationship to Beckett’s novel Watt (1945) and the essays written in the immediate post-war period, such as “Peintres de l’empêchement” (1948). The second chapter considers affinities between these works and Surrealism, focusing on the relationship between the visual and philosophical in Surrealism. Chapter three considers the role of other reflections on the visual and figural, including Wassily Kandinsky’s writing on art, while it documents Beckett’s work alongside the art critic Georges Duthuit on the review Transition (1948-50). Drawing on these discourses, the theme of the dissolving figure in Watt and Beckett’s novellas, such as Premier amour (1946), is considered in relation to interests in visualising the limits of representation. Chapter four considers the role played by the limit and limit-states in Beckett’s later prose, moving from L’Innommable (1953) to the short “residua” gathered in the collections Têtes-mortes and Foirades, by way of a dialogue between Georges Bataille, Maurice Blanchot and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophies. I end by suggesting that a thematic continuity grounded in the interplay between representation, perception and consciousness underpins the changes in the role played by the visual and figural as Beckett’s prose style developed.

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Winkelmann, Cathrin. "The limits of representation? : the expression and repression of desire in 20th-century German lesbian narratives." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38437.

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This study investigates the expression and repression of desire in four 20th-century German-language lesbian prose texts. I examine in chronological order three novels and one novella: Der Skorpion (1919) by Anna Elisabet Weirauch; Lyrische Novelle (1933) by the Swiss author Annemarie Schwarzenbach; Der Schlachter empfiehlt noch immer Herz (1976) by Margot Schroeder; and, finally, Bilder von ihr (1996) by Karen-Susan Fessel. While not concentrating on any single literary work, the excursus on texts from the period between the Third Reich and the Second Feminist Movement in Germany provides a brief analysis of the (lack of) lesbian literary developments during this time.
Drawing on diverse lesbian-feminist and queer strains of criticism, this study provides a close examination of the narrative elements, strategies, and styles used to inscribe lesbian desire into the literary works selected for analysis. The investigation explores how these texts utilize narrative conceptualizations of lesbian desire, critiques of heterophallocentric language and representation, and strategies to create lesbian narrative spaces that challenge the heterosexual presumptions and trajectories which traditionally underlie conventional Western romance narratives. The constructions of "lesbian" identity presented in the texts are fundamentally connected to the creation and operation of these narrative spaces. Thus, in order to contextualize my interpretations and literary analyses, I situate the texts in the respective socio-historical and political contexts in which they were written and received.
The unresolved problems, prevailing tensions, and their individual differences notwithstanding, the narratives examined here collectively contribute to a lesbian counterdiscourse to the 20th-century German literary establishment. By exploring the strategies invoked in these texts to represent a desiring textual lesbian subjectivity, this study hopes to make visible a tradition of Germanlanguage lesbian literature---a fragmented and often marginalized literature---over the last century and to offer German literary studies insights from the periphery of the dominant heterosexual culture. However, this investigation simultaneously and paradoxically also contests the very positioning of German lesbian literature and criticism at the margins by proposing their strategic integration into the German literary canon.

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McKee, Alan. "Making race mean : the limits of interpretation in the case of Australian Aboriginality in films and television programs." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4783/.

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Academic work on Aboriginality in popular media has, understandably, been largely written in defensive registers. Aware of horrendous histories of Aboriginal murder, dispossession and pitying understanding at the hands of settlers, writers are worried about the effects of raced representation; and are always concerned to identify those texts which might be labelled racist. In order to make such a search meaningful, though, it is necessary to take as axiomatic certain propositions about the functioning of films: that they 'mean' in particular and stable ways, for example; and that sophisticated reading strategies can fully account for the possible ways a film interacts with audiences. These sophisticated readings can then by rendered as ontological statements, prefaced by such nonnegotiable phrases as: 'Jedda is ... .' his thesis suggests that such approaches fail to take account of the work involved in audiences making sense of these texts. Although the possible uses of a film or a television program are not infinite, neither is it possible to make final statements about a text's status. Rather, it is necessary to take account of various limits which are placed on the interpretations of texts, for different audiences at different moments. Moving the focus of attention away from feature films (which have traditionally encouraged the idea of a spectator constructed by the text) to include television programs (which have proven more difficult to write into such a project) facilitates this move to an understanding of Aboriginal representation more concerned with the work involved in its interpretations. This thesis addresses three main areas. Firstly, favoured modes of spectatorship validate particular practices of consumption. These have implications for the readings which will be made of Aboriginality. Secondly, sets of validated intertexts circulated as 'genres' and 'oeuvres'enable meaning to be made in particular ways. Finally, secondary texts(including academic work) which explicitly purport to explicate films and television programs provide frameworks within which interpretation can be made. Each of these limits works to close down the radical polysemy of television and film texts, enabling meaning to be made of them, and of the Aboriginality they purport to represent.

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Books on the topic "Limits of representation"

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Carey, John M. Term limits and legislative representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Term limits and legislative representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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Matthews, Graham, and Sam Goodman, eds. Violence and the Limits of Representation. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137296900.

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Przeworski, Adam. Democracy and the limits of self-government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Democracy and the limits of self-government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Przeworski, Adam. Democracy and the limits of self-government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Public governance in Asia and the limits of electoral democracy. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2009.

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Holocaust representation: Art within the limits of history and ethics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.

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R, Glejzer Richard, ed. Between witness and testimony: The Holocaust and the limits of representation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001.

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Nelly Sachs: The poetics of silence and the limits of representation. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Limits of representation"

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Fetzer, James H. "Knowledge Representation." In Artificial Intelligence: Its Scope and Limits, 195–232. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1900-6_7.

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Murray, Ros. "The Limits of Representation." In Antonin Artaud, 10–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137310583_2.

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Kimura, Maki. "Representation and Its Limits." In Unfolding the ‘Comfort Women’ Debates, 169–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137392510_7.

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Pimentel, Dror. "Representation and Its Limits." In Heidegger with Derrida, 47–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05692-6_3.

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Cohen, Linda R., and Matthew L. Spitzer. "Term Limits and Representation." In Legislative Term Limits: Public Choice Perspectives, 47–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1812-2_4.

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Fuchs, Sabine. "Lesbian Representation and the Limits of “Visibility”." In Body and Representation, 43–49. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11622-6_3.

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Noys, Benjamin. "The Violence of Representation and the Representation of Violence." In Violence and the Limits of Representation, 12–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137296900_2.

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Maso, Gianni Dal. "Integral Representation of Γ-limits." In An Introduction to Γ-Convergence, 215–22. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0327-8_21.

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Möller, Frank. "Impressions: Stretching the Limits of Representation." In Visual Peace, 3–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137020406_1.

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Feinstein, Stephen C. "Pushing the Limits of Artistic Representation." In Remembering for the Future, 2610–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-66019-3_186.

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Conference papers on the topic "Limits of representation"

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Adhikari, Ashutosh, Achyudh Ram, Raphael Tang, William L. Hamilton, and Jimmy Lin. "Exploring the Limits of Simple Learners in Knowledge Distillation for Document Classification with DocBERT." In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.repl4nlp-1.10.

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Fong, Jason, Jason Taylor, and Simon King. "Testing the Limits of Representation Mixing for Pronunciation Correction in End-to-End Speech Synthesis." In Interspeech 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2618.

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Sha, Zhenghui, Qize Le, and Jitesh H. Panchal. "Using SysML for Conceptual Representation of Agent-Based Models." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47476.

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Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a technique used to simulate systems consisting of autonomous interacting entities called agents. It has shown great advantages in modeling complex systems with independent but interacting actors. ABM has been successfully applied to a variety of systems. Despite the availability of a large number of tools for ABM, there is limited support for the conceptual design of agent-based models. Further, the currently available tools capture both the model information and the tool-specific execution information in an integrated manner. This limits model reusability, which is an impediment to systematic validation of models. In this paper, we use the systems modeling language (SysML) for building conceptual models of agent-based models. We discuss how the different diagrams in the SysML language can be used to represent different aspects of agent-based models. Further, we propose an approach for automatically generating executable agent-based models from their conceptual SysML representations. The proposed approach is illustrated using a model of mass-collaborative processes as an example. The proposed approach for conceptual representation of agent-based models in SysML and automatic extraction of executable models has the potential to greatly improve reuse, reconfiguration, and validation of agent-based models.

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Dunder, I., and M. Pavlovski. "Through the Limits of Newspeak: an Analysis of the Vector Representation of Words in George Orwell’s 1984." In 2019 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mipro.2019.8756892.

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Wang, Hu, Guansong Pang, Chunhua Shen, and Congbo Ma. "Unsupervised Representation Learning by Predicting Random Distances." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/408.

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Deep neural networks have gained great success in a broad range of tasks due to its remarkable capability to learn semantically rich features from high-dimensional data. However, they often require large-scale labelled data to successfully learn such features, which significantly hinders their adaption in unsupervised learning tasks, such as anomaly detection and clustering, and limits their applications to critical domains where obtaining massive labelled data is prohibitively expensive. To enable unsupervised learning on those domains, in this work we propose to learn features without using any labelled data by training neural networks to predict data distances in a randomly projected space. Random mapping is a theoretically proven approach to obtain approximately preserved distances. To well predict these distances, the representation learner is optimised to learn genuine class structures that are implicitly embedded in the randomly projected space. Empirical results on 19 real-world datasets show that our learned representations substantially outperform a few state-of-the-art methods for both anomaly detection and clustering tasks. Code is available at: \url{https://git.io/RDP}

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Burnap, Alexander, Ye Liu, Yanxin Pan, Honglak Lee, Richard Gonzalez, and Panos Y. Papalambros. "Estimating and Exploring the Product Form Design Space Using Deep Generative Models." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60091.

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Product forms in quantitative design methods are typically expressed with a mathematical representation such as vectors, trees, graphs, and grammars. Such formal representations are restrictive in terms of realism or flexibility, and this limits their utility for human designers who typically create product forms in a design space that is restricted by the medium (e.g., free-hand sketching) and by their cognitive skills (e.g., creativity and experience). To increase the value of formal representations to human designers, this paper proposes to represent the design space as designs sampled from a statistical distribution of form and estimate a generative model of this distribution using a large set of images and design attributes of previous designs. This statistical representation approach is both flexible and realistic, and is estimated using a deep (multi-layer) generative model. The value of the representation is demonstrated in a study of two-dimensional automobile body forms. Using 180,000 form data of automobile designs over the past decade, we can morph a vehicle form into different body types and brands, thus offering human designers potential insights on realistic new design possibilities.

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Zhu, Liang, and David Kazmer. "A Performance-Based Representation for Engineering Design." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dtm-8748.

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Abstract A performance-based representation is presented, which uses the Performance Orientation Chart (POC) to aid the designer throughout an interactive design process. Assuming that all performance attributes can be expressed as functions of the design parameters, three types of graphical matrix are shown in the POC: 1) The design form depicts the performance attributes varying with the correspondent design parameters; 2) The performance dependency addresses the trade-off information among the multiple specifications based on Pareto optimal solutions; 3) The parameter constraint space defines the feasible region of the design, parameters within the, active specification limits. Guided by these graphical matrices, the designer can interactively develop the design solution to satisfy multiple specifications. The methodology was applied to a practical design problem to explicate how the POC can help the designer acquire a satisfying design solution with extensive confidence. Finally, the discussion, indicates that the performance-based representation is significantly compatible with other current engineering design methodologies.

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Patil, Chinmaya B., S. V. Sreenivasan, and Raul G. Longoria. "Analytical Representation of Nano-Scale Parasitic Motion in Flexure-Based Selectively Compliant Mechanisms." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35114.

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Analytical modeling of selectively compliant mechanisms for quantifying the nano-scale parasitic motion is presented. Flexure-based compliant mechanisms are capable of meeting the demanding requirements of the partially constrained ultraprecision motion systems. However, the geometric errors induced by manufacturing tolerances can limit the precision capability. Understanding parasitic motion at the nano-scale necessitates a 3-D model even for mechanisms that are designed to be planar. A spatial kinematics based kinetostatic model is used here. This approach systematically accounts for the geometric errors, and enables estimation of the inherently spatial parasitic motion. Using insights from screw theory, the parasitic motion is classified into intrinsic mechanism errors, and errors that can be minimized by calibration procedures. A metric that quantifies the intrinsic parasitic motion and characterizes the precision capability of the mechanism is identified. Monte Carlo simulation is used to propagate the variance of the geometric errors through the model to determine the statistical moments of the chosen metric. To illustrate the approach, the modeling and analysis is applied to a classical four-bar mechanism with flexure joints. The model is further used to investigate the key system parameters that influence the intrinsic parasitic motion in the mechanism. The simulation results indicate more than 50% improvement in the precision capability of the four-bar mechanism by improved design of flexure joints, without changing the manufacturing tolerance limits.

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Esposito, Gaetano, and Harsha Chelliah. "High-Dimensional Model Representation of Ignition and Non-premixed Extinction Limits of Mixtures of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Burning in Air." In 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-498.

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Atilola, Olufunmilola, Vimal Viswanathan, and Julie Linsey. "A Study on the Representation of Examples in Learning Engineering Concepts." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71262.

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The use of examples in engineering curricula is a commonly used means to teach engineering students new concepts and ideas; these examples play an important role in teaching engineering students how to become technically competent engineers and designers. Being able to learn from examples and avoid fixation to those examples is an important task in that process. Design fixation is a major constraint in design thinking as it limits the solution space where designers search for their ideas. The experiments described in this paper aims to investigate how students fixate to different types of representations. A pilot study comparing sketched and physical representations of examples shows that students are less likely to fixate to the design specifications of examples provided in the form of physical model, this suggests that they are able to better understand the design limitations of examples presented in the form of a physical model. Based on the preliminary results from this pilot experiment, the framework for a follow-up experiment is developed. This second experiment will explore the trend observed in the pilot study further and will compare how students fixate on and derive information between sketched and computer-aided design representations.

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Reports on the topic "Limits of representation"

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Washington, Ebonya. Do Majority Black Districts Limit Blacks' Representation? The Case of the 1990 Redistricting. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17099.

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Lo, Shaw-Hwa, and Jane-Ling Wang. I.I.D. Representations for the Bivariate Product Limit Estimators and the Bootstrap Versions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada171859.

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Byrd, Richard H., Jorge Nocedal, and Robert B. Schnabel. Representations of Quasi-Newton Matrices and Their Use in Limited Memory Methods. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454688.

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AbuMezied, Asmaa, and Rahhal Rahhal. Towards a Gender-Sensitive Private Sector in the OPT. Oxfam, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7338.

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This learning paper describes Oxfam's experience of conducting a Participatory Gender Audit with private sector companies in the agriculture sector in the OPT. It highlights issues such as women’s limited access to the labor market, their weak representation both as staff and as decision makers, the absence of gender-sensitive working conditions and policies, and a lack of consideration for women as customers and suppliers. The paper looks at the approach used when conducting the audits and the challenges around their implementation. It provides ideas and learning on how to successfully manage the audits so that companies are willing to buy in to the process and are supported to adopt gender-sensitive policies.

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Kusiak, Chris, Mark D. Bowman, and Arun Prakash. Legal and Permit Loads Evaluation for Indiana Bridges. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317267.

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According to federal law, routine commercial vehicles must adhere to certain limits on their load configuration in order to operate legally on interstate highways. However, states may allow for heavier or different load configurations provided that bridges on the state and county highway system are load rated and, if necessary, posted with vehicles that appropriately represent these loads. The state of Indiana allows several classes of vehicles to operate with loads that exceed federal limits, and, presently, several LFD design loads are used to represent these exceptions as state legal loads. This study evaluates the MBE rating loads for their ability to encompass Indiana’s exception vehicles and recommends a set of state rating loads which can replace the current state legal loads and, combined with the MBE rating loads, satisfactorily encompass the load effects due to these exceptions. Comparing moment and shear envelopes on a representative set of bridges, the MBE rating vehicles were found to be insufficient for representing Indiana’s exception vehicles. Three new rating loads are proposed which encompass the exception vehicles efficiently and represent realistic legal loads. Conversely, acceptable HS-20 rating factors are also provided as an alternative to the adoption of these new vehicles. These rating factors, all 1.0 or greater, can ensure a similar level of safety by requiring a specific amount of excess capacity for the HS-20 design load.

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Carter, Becky. Strengthening Gender Equality in Decision-making in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.078.

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This rapid review searched for literature on how and why women continue to struggle in Somaliland to achieve formal political representation and to take on informal decision-making roles on local peace and political matters, from community to national levels. Women’s participation in peacebuilding and political decision-making in Somaliland is very limited. A key barrier is the clan system underpinning Somaliland’s political settlement. Entrenched and politicised, patriarchal clans exclude women (and other minority groups) from formal and customary leadership and decision-making roles. Other contributing factors are conservative religious attitudes and traditional gender norms. Structural inequalities – such as low levels of education, lack of funds, and high levels of violence towards women and girls – impede women’s participation. Some women are more disempowered than others, such as women from minority clans and internally displaced women. However, there is increasing disillusionment with clan politicisation and a growing recognition of women’s value. There are opportunities for framing gender equality in local cultural and religious terms and supporting grassroots activism.

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Chen, Xianglei, and Susan Rotermund. Entering the Skilled Technical Workforce After College. RTI Press, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rb.0024.2004.

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This research brief uses nationally representative data from the 2012/17 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS:12/17) to examine post-college transitions of US undergraduates into the skilled technical workforce (STW), defined here as workers in a collection of occupations that require significant levels of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) knowledge but not necessarily a bachelor’s degree for entry. Thus far, empirical research on the STW has been limited by a dearth of data; however, based on newly available data from BPS:12/17, the findings in this report indicate that STW employment provides workers with above-median salaries, more equitable wages, a variety of benefits, and clear career paths. STW jobs attract diverse populations, especially those from underrepresented groups (e.g., Hispanics, individuals from low-income backgrounds, and those whose parents do not have college education). US community colleges and sub-baccalaureate programs play a large role in developing the STW.

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Adsit, Sarah E., Theodora Konstantinou, Konstantina Gkritza, and Jon D. Fricker. Public Acceptance of INDOT’s Traffic Engineering Treatments and Services. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317280.

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As a public agency, interacting with and understanding the public’s perspective regarding agency activities is an important endeavor for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Although INDOT conducts a biennial customer satisfaction survey, it is occasionally necessary to capture public perception regarding more specific aspects of INDOT’s activities. In particular, INDOT needs an effective way to measure and track public opinions and awareness or understanding of a select set of its traffic engineering practices. To evaluate public acceptance of specific INDOT traffic engineering activities, a survey consisting of 1.000 adults residing within the State of Indiana was conducted. The survey population was representative in terms of age and gender of the state as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The survey was administered during the months of July and August 2020. Public awareness regarding emerging treatments not currently implemented in Indiana is low and opposition to the same new technologies is prominent. Older or female drivers are less likely to be aware of emerging treatments, and older drivers are more likely to oppose potential implementation of these treatments. Although roundabouts are commonplace in Indiana, multi-lane roundabouts remain controversial among the public. Regarding maintenance and protection of traffic during work zones and considering full or partial roadway closure, public preference is for partial closure; this preference is stronger in rural areas. The public equally agrees and disagrees that INDOT minimizes construction related traffic delays. Approximately 76% of Indiana drivers believe themselves to above average drivers, while an additional 23% believe themselves to be average. Driver perceptions of average highway speeds speed are not aligned with posted speed limit as the perceived average speed on Indiana’s urban freeways and rural and urban state highways is considerably higher than the actual speed limit.

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Sloan, Steven, Shelby Peterie, Richard Miller, Julian Ivanov, J. Schwenk, and Jason McKenna. Detecting clandestine tunnels by using near-surface seismic techniques. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40419.

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Geophysical detection of clandestine tunnels is a complex problem that has been met with limited success. Multiple methods have been applied spanning several decades, but a reliable solution has yet to be found. This report presents shallow seismic data collected at a tunnel test site representative of geologic settings found along the southwestern U.S. border. Results demonstrate the capability of using compressional wave diffraction and surface-wave backscatter techniques to detect a purpose-built subterranean tunnel. Near-surface seismic data were also collected at multiple sites in Afghanistan to detect and locate subsurface anomalies (e.g., data collected over an escape tunnel discovered in 2011 at the Sarposa Prison in Kandahar, Afghanistan, which allowed more than 480 prisoners to escape, and data from another shallow tunnel recently discovered at an undisclosed location). The final example from Afghanistan is the first time surface-based seismic methods have detected a tunnel whose presence and location were not previously known. Seismic results directly led to the discovery of the tunnel. Interpreted tunnel locations for all examples were less than 2 m of the actual location. Seismic surface wave backscatter and body-wave diffraction methods show promise for efficient data acquisition and processing for locating purposefully hidden tunnels within unconsolidated sediments.

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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.

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