Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Limončean system of notation'

The underlying goal of SUPERvisory Methodology And Notation (SUPERMAN) is to enhance productive operation of human-computer system developers by providing easy-to-use concepts and automated tools for developing high-quality (e.g., human-engineered, cost-effective, easy-to-maintain) target systems. The supervisory concept of the methodology integrates functions of many modeling techniques, and allows complete representation of the designer's conceptualization of a system's operation. The methodology views humans as functional elements of a system in addition to computer elements. Parts of software which implement human-computer interaction are separated from the rest of software. A single, unified system representation is used throughout a system lifecycle. The concepts of the methodology are notationally built into a graphical programming language. The use of this language in developing a system leads to a natural and orderly application of the methodology.<br>Ph. D.<br>incomplete_metadata

This practice-based thesis examines ways in which the cultural patterning of greetings can be understood through their visualisation. The graphic design practice uses a range of digital tools and software to develop an animated graphic notation system for analysing nonverbal aspects of greetings both within and across cultures. The thesis explicates the process of this development and outlines its context and significance. Previous systems of visualisation devised by anthropologists for the study of greetings have stopped short of using contemporary digital technology. Further, although intercultural contact has increased, most existing greetings studies still focus on intracultural greetings.

The Computational Fluid Dynamics General Notation System provides a unified way in which computational fluid dynamics data can be stored, but does not support the parallel I/O capabilities now available from version five of the Hierarchical Data Format library which serves as a back end for he standard. To resolve this deficiency, a new parallel extension library has been written and benchmarked for this work which can write files compliant with the standard using parallel file access modes. When using this new library, the write performance shows an increase of four-fold in some cases when compared to the same hardware operating in serial. Additionally, the use of parallel I/O allows much larger cases to be written since the problem is scattered across many nodes of a cluster, whose aggregate memory is much greater than that found on a single machine. These developments will allow computational fluid dynamics simulations to execute faster, since less time will be spent waiting for each time step to finish writing, as well prevent the need for lengthy reconstruction of data after the completion of a simulation.

The construction is large, yet split into many specialities, each with its own tiers of management. A successful construction project operates with each component acting as an inherent part of an undivided whole rather than as a separate group. However, major projects often encounter problems in the control of activities that will allow them to complete the project on time and to budget. There are many examples of projects that have overrun their budget or have completed late. Three significant examples are the Channel Tunnel, Sydney Opera House and Scottish Parliament. This research aimed to assess the project process and to establish the problems that make the project difficult to control and manage. A review of current literature highlighted the increasing interest in tools and techniques for improving efficiency and quality employed in other industries, as suggested by the Egan Report (1998). The Egan Report used examples from other industries to highlight construction's poor performance. The complexity of projects, created by the present construction process, generates large quantities of information. This information is often not integrated and frequently uses different terms for similar items. Current planning tools are able to represent a one-way progression of activities or tasks, but not the information required to perform the activity nor the roles and responsibilities of the participants in the project. Meanwhile, incomplete, inaccurate, and/ or untimely information may cause a disruption to the different phases of the project. The aims of the study are to identify the major management problems arising from poor integration in construction projects; to measure the significance of the problems on several case studies; to rank the hypothesis in order of significance between projects; and to develop a system that could help to reduce the problems identified. Seven hypotheses have been proposed and tested on four case studies. The key result arising from testing the hypotheses and ranking them in order of significance was the identification of three main dominant problems which in order of importance are Integration, followed by Mapping and Linear Responsibility Analysis. As a result of identifying the main problems in managing projects a model is proposed that can be used to manage and control the project process systematically, and to integrate all the elements of the project in one framework. This model addresses the main issues from testing the hypotheses and combines the planning systems in one framework, in contrast to the current systems which are used separately to plan the project. This proposed model may lead to the reduction and/or elimination of the most dominant problems arising from the use of traditional techniques to plan and control projects. The model was tested and validated on one case study. Site staff were shown how this proposed model could deal with the problems that occur on projects where traditional systems are used. The proposed model was shown to be successful in the planning of this case study, and in predicting and highlighting the source of problems.

The subject of the thesis is an process analysis in the company AiP Safe, Ltd. First, theoretical approaches and methods for organization and business process analysis are summarized. The best known modeling notations are also described. For the analysis of AiP Safe, Ltd. was chosen BSP method and for process modeling was chosen BPMN notation. The result of the work is a suggestion to establish strategic goals and strategies to achieve them, change in the organizational structure, optimization of selected processes, introduction of new metrics, introduction of new information system and recommendations based on the SWOT analysis.

This thesis is concerned with devising an objective means of testing whether or not the people of the European Upper Palaeolithic used systems of notation to create intentional records. I begin with a discussion of the theoretical parameters that I intend to adopt, notably an adaptive rather than a progressive model of change over time, and the need for a controlled use of analogical comparisons between present phenomena and prehistory. By briefly summarising the approach of past researchers in this area, I identified engraved mobiliary artefacts as the primary source of data. In order, to construct an objective model to test the hypothetical existence of notation, I first examine other forms of visual communication, notably iconicity, decoration and the use of signs and symbols. I conclude that any recognisable examples of notation would be structured in order to effectively convey information. As a result I devise a series of criteria based on first principles by which I hope to be able to distinguish between examples of representational, decorative, notational and purely random accumulations of lines. To test the effectiveness of these criteria, I apply then to examples of known systems of visual representation taken from the Ethnographic collections of four museums. These include Australian message sticks, tallies, records of time and calendars. I conclude that my criteria are able to discriminate between examples of notation and other classes of meaningful representation. I also isolate the recurrent use of translational symmetry and rotational symmetry in notational artefacts, and the absence of mirror and slide refection. By discussing in some detail the approach of past researchers to the identification of notation in engraved mobiliary artefacts from the Upper Palaeolithic I isolate certain practical and theo-reucal problems. To correlate my results with those of Marshack I apply my criteria to five of his selected examples and conclude that two out of the five are not notational by my criteria. I also test my criteria against some artefacts from the Piette and Saint-Perier collections in Paris and conclude that the structure of the marks on some examples conform to my criteria of notation. Marshack is criticised for claiming to identify evolving systems and traditions of notation using only a handful of examples from sites all over Europe and the timescale of the Upper Palaeolithic. I counter this defect by looking at a sample of data taken from a single site, Enleue in Ariege. The engraved artefacts date to Perigordian V and the Early and Middle Magdalenian and are backed by independent dating techniques and a wealth of complementary finds. By providing a detailed summary of the characteristics of this data set I was able to identify certain common characteristics of non-figurative engraved mobiliary artefacts. By measuring the physical properties of the lines on the complete data namely their length, distance and orientation, I demonstrate the presence or absence of order and structure using Multivariate Cluster Analysis and Two- and Three-Dimensional plots. The cases are selected from Marshack's data, my Paris data, the complete examples from Enlene, with known examples of notation and randomly generated examples to act as controls. As a result of the identification of orientation and then inter-line distance as the prime indications of artefact variability, the broken bones from Enlene are included. Further statistical tests isolate certain artefacts as examples of low variabilty, which are confirmed by my criteria to be the most likely examples of notation or decoration at Enlene.

Loin de prétendre à l’exhaustivité, cette thèse présente un premier essai visant à une compréhension plus unifiée et plus globale du système modal arabe d’une période s’étalant sur cinq siècles environ. Un des enjeux de cette recherche est, pour reprendre les termes d’Amnon Shiloah, « de quitter, une fois pour toutes, la légende de léthargie » et d’enlever la qualification de «stagnation » et d’« âge des ténèbres » longtemps attachée à cette époque. Il s’est avéré à travers les pages de cette recherche, que le système modal n’a jamais perdu sa vitalité. Tout au contraire, les études historique, philologique, systémique et sémiotique menées au cours de cette thèse attestent de la présence d’un fil conducteur qui lie, d’un bout à l’autre, la tradition du XIIIe siècle à celle du XIXe siècle<br>Far from being exhaustive, this thesis presents a first attempt to a more cohesive and comprehensive understanding of the Arab modal system of a period of time spanning about five centuries. One aim of this research is, following Amnon Shiloah, "to leave once and for all, the legend of lethargy" and remove the clause of "stagnation" and "dark ages" long attached to this epoch. It appears through the pages of this research that the modal system never lost its liveliness. On the contrary, historical, philological, systemic and semiotic studies conducted during this thesis show the presence of a thread that binds, from one end to the other, the tradition of the thirteenth century to that of the nineteenth century

La présente thèse concerne les mutations sociospatiales introduites par des tendances de financiarisation du système du logement grec au cours des deux dernières décennies. Comment les processus mondiaux de financiarisation se sont-ils accommodés à un contexte local pour développer leur version grecque ? Le but de notre travail est de mettre en lumière la transformation d’une économie autofinancée et basée sur les réseaux familiaux en marché hypothécaire. Notre hypothèse est que ces bouleversements du financement de la fabrique résidentielle, c’est-à-dire l’apparition de la finance comme un « nouvel acteur » sur les circuits de production du logement, vont de pair avec des dynamiques de précarisation du logement et des nouvelles géographies sociospatiales.Dans les années d’après-guerre, Athènes, ville méditerranéenne et périphérique de l’Europe du Sud, est caractérisée par une forte mobilité sociale, sur laquelle les circuits de production du logement ont fonctionné comme un «ascenseur social ». Depuis le début des années 1990, Athènes doit faire face à la fois à un nouveau contexte et à la persistance des structures préexistantes. C’est la première période d’un véritable développement du crédit au logement en Grèce qui fait notablement augmenté les prix des logements. L’analyse quantitative et qualitative, le cas d’étude ainsi que les entretiens semi-directifs mettent en valeur de nouveaux acteurs, représentations et pratiques, mais aussi de tendances de l’exclusion bancaire. Cette étude souligne l’importance de l’aspect géographique ainsi que le rôle signifiant de réseaux familiaux, de l’échelle du quartier et de la vie quotidienne dans l’analyse de la finance ainsi que l’interdépendance entre système financier et l’économie informelle<br>The present thesis concerns the sociospatial mutations produced by the financialization trends of the Greek housing system in the past two decades. How are the global processes of financialization accommodated in a local context in order to generate a Greek version of financialization? Aim of the thesis is to shed light on the transformation of a self-financing economy, based on family networks to a mortgage market. The hypothesis is that these changes in the field of financing the residential urban fabric, or the emergence of finance as a "new actor" on housing production circuits, are associated with the precarization of housing and new sociospatial geographies.During the postwar decades, Athens, a Mediterranean city and, at the same time, a south European peripheral urban center, is characterized by strong social mobility, when housing production circuits functioned as a “social elevator”. Since the early 1990s, Athens is facing both new challenges and the persistence of pre-existing structures. It is the first time of a crucial expansion of housing credit in Greece, when housing prices have significantly increased. The quantitative and qualitative analysis, the case study and the semi-structured interviews highlight new actors, their actions, representations and practices as well as tendencies of financial exclusion. This study highlights the importance of the geography as well as the significant role of family networks, the scale of neighborhood and everyday life in analyzing finance and the interconnections of the financial system with the informal economy

Prenant appui sur un ensemble d'entretiens auprès des protagonistes, la base de données des émissions de titres publics du Bureau National de Crédit Public et un large corpus d'articles de presse, cette recherche analyse la relation entre ressources économiques et pouvoir politique en étudiant l'impact de l'intégration semi-périphérique au système financier mondial sur la coalition sociopolitique au pouvoir en Argentine de 1989 à 2001. Cette coalition était composée des partis politiques au gouvernement, ce qui garantissait la légitimité démocratique, des technocrates des think tanks du libéralisme économique, des grandes entreprises locales et des acteurs privés du système financier mondial. Contrairement aux pays centraux qui sont au coeur du système financier mondial et les périphériques, qui en sont exclus, l'Argentine représente un cas d'intégration "semipériphérique", c'est-à-dire, avec un accès variable au crédit privé externe en fonction de la perception des principaux acteurs privés du système financier sur le risque de défaut des paiements de la dette. Cette intégration a joué un rôle important sur la formation, la consolidation et la dissolution de la coalition socio-politique au pouvoir. D'une part, le plan de Convertibilité implique une dépendance structurelle de l'afflux de devises pourassurer la stabilité économique. D'autre part, les caractéristiques de l'intégration du système financier mondial ont été modifiées par le plan Brady, qui implique une substitution de la dette publique de prêt bancaire par des titres, et le processus de mondialisation. Contrairement aux prêts bancaires, les titres sont des produits échangés sur un marché où les prêteurs prennent des décisions d'investissement de court terme en fonction de leur perception du risque de défaut de paiement de la dette. Cette perception, qui implique une surveillance permanente sur la politique économique, détermine la capacité de l'État à s'endetter et soutenir ainsi l'afflux de devises.

Today’s companies are struggling with the competitive environment driven by resource scarcity, technical progress and market demand for increased value and flexibility. For these reasons companies are shifting their focus from selling products to selling need fulfillment. The result-oriented product-service (PSS) is a PSS type that provides value mainly through delivery of services with the premise of the producer taking responsibility over the entire product life cycle. It is highlighted in the literature as a business strategy to generate a high profit and stable the revenue. Despite the new market opportunities related to the provision of PSS, it inherently comes with complexity linked to the extended responsibility. More importantly, very little is mentioned in the PSS literature regarding real case PSS development and how service-oriented PSS contracting impacts Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The objective of this thesis is to examine how result-oriented PSS can create new opportunities for SMEs. It is targeting to explore this topic from a cost and value creation perspective for both the company and customer. To achieve the objective a main research question is stated which answer is given by answering the two sub questions as below. How can a result-oriented product-service system be implemented in small and medium-sized enterprises? 1. What result-oriented PSS solution can be designed for the recycling equipment industry to increase the value for both the manufacturer and the customer? 2. What are the financial implications of a result-oriented PSS? To explore answers for the research questions, a case study inquiry is carried out on MRT (Mercury Recovery Technology) System International AB. It is a small international recycling equipment manufacturer in Karlskrona. A PSS development process resulting in a new concept referred to as “Pay per screen” is developed. The development and analysis of the result-oriented PSS shows that it is more profitable for the company to offer the proposed Pay per screen concept compared to the current product- oriented business. Even the customer has proven to be profitable while providing several advantages such as avoid being responsible for initial investment and maintenance costs.<br>Dagens företag kämpar med att hantera den konkurrenskraftiga miljön som drivs av resursbrist, teknisk utveckling och efterfrågan av ökat värde och flexibilitet. Av dessa skäl byter företagen fokus från att sälja produkter till att uppfylla behov. Det resultatorienterade produkttjänstesystemet (PSS) är en sorts PSS som ger värde huvudsakligen genom att leverera tjänster med förutsättningen att producenten tar ansvar över hela produktens livscykel. Den framträder i litteraturen som en ny strategisk affärsstrategi som genererar en hög vinst och stabiliserar inkomstflödet. Trots de nya marknadsmöjligheterna i samband med tillhandahållandet av PSS följer komplexitet med det utökade ansvaret. Dessutom nämns mycket lite i PSS-litteraturen om PSS-utveckling i ett verklighetsbaserat fall och hur tjänsteorienterad PSS-koncept påverkar små och medelstora företag. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur resultatorienterade produkttjänstesystem kan skapa nya möjligheter för små och medelstora företag. Det riktar sig till att utforska detta ämne ur ett kostnads- och värdeskapande perspektiv för både företaget och kunden. För att uppnå målet anges en huvudforskningsfråga vilket delvis svaras genom att svara på de två delfrågorna nedan. Hur kan ett resultatorienterat produktservice system genomföras i små och medelstora företag? 1. Vilken resultatorienterad PSS-lösning kan utformas för återvinningsindustrin för att öka värdet för både tillverkaren och kunden? 2. Vilka är de ekonomiska konsekvenserna av ett resultatorienterat PSS? För att utforska svaren på forskningsfrågorna utförs en fallstudie på MRT (Mercury Recovery Technology) System International AB. Det är en liten internationell tillverkare av återvinningsutrustning i Karlskrona. En PSS-utvecklingsprocess som resulterar i ett nytt koncept som kallas "Pay per screen" är utvecklat. Utvecklingen och analysen av resultatorienterad PSS visar att det är mer lönsamt för företaget att erbjuda det föreslagna Pay per screen konceptet. För även kunden har det visat sig vara lönsamt samtidigt som ger en rad fördelar så som att slippa ansvara för investerings- och underhållskostnader.

Visualizations in the most general sense of external, physical representations of information are older than the invention of writing. Generally, external representations promote external cognition and visual thinking, and humans developed a rich set of skills for crafting and exploring them. Computers immensely increased the amount of data we can collect and process as well as diversified the ways we can represent it visually. Computer-supported visualization systems, studied in the field of information visualization (infovis), have become powerful and complex, and sophisticated interaction techniques are now necessary to control them. With the widening of technological possibilities beyond classic desktop settings, new opportunities have emerged. Not only display surfaces of arbitrary shapes and sizes can be used to show richer visualizations, but also new input technologies can be used to manipulate them. For example, tangible user interfaces are an emerging input technology that capitalizes on humans' abilities to manipulate physical objects. However, these technologies have been barely studied in the field of information visualization. A first problem is a poorly defined terminology. In this dissertation, I define and explore the conceptual space of embodiment for information visualization. For visualizations, embodiment refers to the level of congruence between the visual elements of the visualization and their physical shape. This concept subsumes previously introduced concepts such as tangibility and physicality. For example, tangible computing aims to represent virtual objects through a physical form but the form is not necessarily congruent with the virtual object. A second problem is the scarcity of convincing applications of tangible user interfaces for infovis purposes. In information visualization, standard computer displays and input devices are still widespread and considered as most effective. Both of these provide however opportunities for embodiment: input devices can be specialized and adapted so that their physical shape reflects their functionality within the system; computer displays can be substituted by transformable shape changing displays or, eventually, by programmable matter which can take any physical shape imaginable. Research on such shape-changing interfaces has so far been technology-driven while the utility of such interfaces for information visualization remained unexploited. In this thesis, I suggest embodiment as a design principle for infovis purposes, I demonstrate and validate the efficiency and usability of both embodied visualization controls and embodied visualization displays through three controlled user experiments. I then present a conceptual interaction model and visual notation system that facilitates the description, comparison and criticism of various types of visualization systems and illustrate it through case studies of currently existing point solutions. Finally, to aid the creation of physical visualizations, I present a software tool that supports users in building their own visualizations. The tool is suitable for users new to both visualization and digital fabrication, and can help to increase users' awareness of and interest in data in their everyday live. In summary, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the value of emerging physical representations for information visualization.

In many fields of science, engineering, and economics large amounts of data are stored and there is a need to analyze these data in order to extract information for various purposes. Data mining is a general concept involving different tools for performing this kind of analysis. The development of mathematical models and efficient algorithms is of key importance. In this thesis we discuss algorithms for the reduced rank regression problem and algorithms for the computation of the best multilinear rank approximation of tensors. The first two papers deal with the reduced rank regression problem, which is encountered in the field of state-space subspace system identification. More specifically the problem is \[ \min_{\rank(X) = k} \det (B - X A)(B - X A)\tp, \] where $A$ and $B$ are given matrices and we want to find $X$ under a certain rank condition that minimizes the determinant. This problem is not properly stated since it involves implicit assumptions on $A$ and $B$ so that $(B - X A)(B - X A)\tp$ is never singular. This deficiency of the determinant criterion is fixed by generalizing the minimization criterion to rank reduction and volume minimization of the objective matrix. The volume of a matrix is defined as the product of its nonzero singular values. We give an algorithm that solves the generalized problem and identify properties of the input and output signals causing a singular objective matrix. Classification problems occur in many applications. The task is to determine the label or class of an unknown object. The third paper concerns with classification of handwritten digits in the context of tensors or multidimensional data arrays. Tensor and multilinear algebra is an area that attracts more and more attention because of the multidimensional structure of the collected data in various applications. Two classification algorithms are given based on the higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). The main algorithm makes a data reduction using HOSVD of 98--99 \% prior the construction of the class models. The models are computed as a set of orthonormal bases spanning the dominant subspaces for the different classes. An unknown digit is expressed as a linear combination of the basis vectors. The resulting algorithm achieves 5\% in classification error with fairly low amount of computations. The remaining two papers discuss computational methods for the best multilinear rank approximation problem \[ \min_{\cB} \| \cA - \cB\| \] where $\cA$ is a given tensor and we seek the best low multilinear rank approximation tensor $\cB$. This is a generalization of the best low rank matrix approximation problem. It is well known that for matrices the solution is given by truncating the singular values in the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the matrix. But for tensors in general the truncated HOSVD does not give an optimal approximation. For example, a third order tensor $\cB \in \RR^{I \x J \x K}$ with rank$(\cB) = (r_1,r_2,r_3)$ can be written as the product \[ \cB = \tml{X,Y,Z}{\cC}, \qquad b_{ijk}=\sum_{\lambda,\mu,\nu} x_{i\lambda} y_{j\mu} z_{k\nu} c_{\lambda\mu\nu}, \] where $\cC \in \RR^{r_1 \x r_2 \x r_3}$ and $X \in \RR^{I \times r_1}$, $Y \in \RR^{J \times r_2}$, and $Z \in \RR^{K \times r_3}$ are matrices of full column rank. Since it is no restriction to assume that $X$, $Y$, and $Z$ have orthonormal columns and due to these constraints, the approximation problem can be considered as a nonlinear optimization problem defined on a product of Grassmann manifolds. We introduce novel techniques for multilinear algebraic manipulations enabling means for theoretical analysis and algorithmic implementation. These techniques are used to solve the approximation problem using Newton and Quasi-Newton methods specifically adapted to operate on products of Grassmann manifolds. The presented algorithms are suited for small, large and sparse problems and, when applied on difficult problems, they clearly outperform alternating least squares methods, which are standard in the field.

Cette Thèse de sciences de gestion, se propose d’élucider les difficultés que rencontrent les acteurs du système bancaire comorien et apporter des solutions afin de lui garantir sa solidité, stabilité et enfin sa pérennité. Elle est divisée en deux parties. La première porte plus particulièrement sur le cadre national et internationale du système bancaire comorien. La deuxième met en évidence les banques comoriennes confrontées à la transparence financière et aux exigences de supervision prudentielle. Le premier titre de la première partie, tâche à mettre en lumière l’organisation actuelle du système bancaire comorien inspiré du modèle français (chapitre 1) et l’apport du développement récent de la finance islamique (chapitre 2) afin de combler le retard de la banque conventionnelle. La réorganisation de la Banque Centrale des Comores et la mise en place de la banque islamique locale, peuvent contribuer au changement radical du système bancaire comorien. Le deuxième titre, permet au régulateur et prêteur en dernier ressort (Banque Centrale des Comores) de prendre le modèle des normes prudentielles internationales proposées par le Comité de Bâle (Bâle II et III), pour réguler le système bancaire comorien afin de lui garantir sa solidité, stabilité et enfin sa pérennité (chapitre 1). A travers ces recommandations du comité de Bâle, nous avons apporté des solutions en élaborant la Matrice Msahazi Credit Scoring Corporation, destinée aux analyses des données des banques comoriennes contre un risque endogène (Chapitre2). Nous avons aussi élaboré d’autres matrices que les banques comoriennes se serviront pour la notation interne, des risques de contreparties (entreprises et particuliers) afin de lutter contre le risque exogène. La deuxième partie de cette Thèse suggère deux autres solutions : la première est l’exigence de transparence financière des banques comoriennes (Pilier 3 : Bâle2 et 3) afin de lutter contre les malversations financières orchestrées par certains agents (titre I). Le premier chapitre introduit l’objectif de la communication financière de manière générale et la manière dont le comité de Bâle (Bâle 2 et 3) recommande les banques de communiquer leurs informations financières (méthodes d’évaluations des risques et fonds propres). Le deuxième chapitre propose aux banques comoriennes et aux autorités de contrôles, les techniques de notation financière pratiquées au niveau internationale pour distinguer le niveau de solvabilité de la contrepartie. La deuxième solution, nous avons donné à la Banque Centrale des Comores, des techniques pour renforcer la supervision prudentielle (Pilier 2, Bâle 2 et 3), (titre II). Le premier chapitre exige d’une part la direction et le conseil d’administration de la banque de définir les techniques de contrôles, d’indentifications, d’évaluations, gestions des risques et les objectifs de fonds propre à atteindre. D’autre part, l’autorité de contrôle (Banque centrale des Comores) doit passer au crible tous ces outils de contrôle. Au deuxième et dernier chapitre de la recherche, nous avons proposé à la Banque Centrale des Comores des nouvelles méthodes de supervision prudentielle afin de garantir la solidité, stabilité et pérennité du système bancaire. Nous avons l’espoir que l’ensemble de ces suggestions contribueront à préserver la solidité, stabilité et pérennité du système bancaire comorien afin de financer le développement de l’économie comorienne et sortir le pays de la pauvreté<br>This thesis on busness management, aims to elucidate the difficulties faced by the stakeholders of the Comorian banking system and to provide solutions to ensure its soundness, stability and sustainability. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first focuses specifically on the national and international context of the Comorian banking system. The second, highlights how the Comorian banks should adapt to the financial transparency and prudential supervision requirements. The first title of the first part, tries toshed light on the current organization of the Comorian banking system based on the French model (Chapter 1) and the contribution of the recent development of Islamic finance (Chapter 2) to close the gap in conventional banking. The reorganization of the Central Bank of the Comoros and the establishment of the local Islamic bank can contribute to a radical change in the Comorian banking system. The second title allows the regulator and lender of last resort (Central Bank of the Comoros ) to take the model of international prudential standards proposed by the Basel Committee (Basel II and III) to regulate the Comorian banking system in order to guarantee its soundness, stability and finally sustainability (Chapter 1). Through these recommendations of the Basel committee, we have provided solutions by developing Msahazi Credit Scoring Matrix Corporation, intended to analyse data of Comorian banks against endogenous risk (Chapter 2). We have also developed matrices other than Comorian banks used for internal rating of the counterparty risk (companies and individuals) to fight against exogenous risk. The second part of this thesis suggests two alternatives: the first is the requirement of financial transparency for Comorian banks (Pillar 3: Basel Conventions 2 and 3) in order to fight against embezzlement orchestrated by certain agents (Title I). The first chapter introduces the objective of financial reporting in general, and how the Basel Committee (Basel 2 and 3) asks banks to disclose their financial information (methods of risk assessments and equity). The second chapter provides credit rating techniques practiced at international level to the Comorian banks and supervisory authorities in order to distinguish the level of creditworthiness of companies and clients concerned. The second alternative we have given to the Central Bank of the Comoros is the techniques for strengthening prudential supervision (Pillar 2, Basel 2 and 3), (Title II) . The first chapter requires both the management and the bank's board of directors to define control techniques, identifications, assessments, risk managements and core capital goals. On the other hand, the supervisory authority (Comoros Central Bank) has to go through all these control tools. In the second and final chapter of the research, we propose to the Central Bank of the Comoros new prudential supervision methods to ensure the soundness, stability and sustainability of the banking system. We hope that all of these suggestions will help to preserve the soundness, stability and durability of the Comorian banking system in order to finance the development of the Comorian economy and lift the country out of poverty

Haig Utidjian - Abstract In this thesis we attempt to establish, in as concrete and tangible a manner as possible, the procedures used by Ełia Tntesean (1834-1881) in compiling and redacting his version of the melodies of the Armenian Hymnal, and to place his own endeavour in the context of other attempts to record the melodies of Armenian hymns using the Limōnčean system of musical notation in nineteenth-century Constantinople - at a time when the mediaeval neumatic notation had already become largely intractable. Our approach entails the juxtaposition of Tntesean's musicological articles and paedagogical publications with his transcriptions in Western notation and with his mature realisations of the hymnal melodies in the Limōnčean system, published posthumously in 1934 - treating these sources as a coherent corpus, of which the diverse components are allowed to shed light on each other. Comparison with other hymnals from the same period, the investigation of parallels with the neighbouring practice of Ottoman makams, fieldwork with surviving remnants of the oral tradition, and a critical examination of Tntesean's writings and transcriptions enable us to elucidate aspects of notation and performance practice, and to expose a subtle evolution in aesthetic. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the Tntesean...

碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>建築(工程)學系<br>85<br>Spatial phenomena can be explained from a variety of established theories, territorial structures proposed by N.J. Habraken (1982), is the one on which this research is based. Four major meanings associated with the territorial structure under study: 1.Controlling. 2. The separation of private and public spaces. 3. Different depth of territory reflects the disparity of human behaviors. 4. Spatial structures indicated by the territorial organization. To develop a notation system that can represent the territorial organization of any given floor plan of a spatial arrangement is the major purpose of this study. This notation system should have 1)descriptive power, 2)representation capability, and 3)semantic capacity. Such a notation system is established by orthogonal graphics with a few spatial symbols indicating various situations of controlling points. Structural graphics are capable of describing the relations of spaces and the meanings of environments. They can be used as design review tools for examining any given territorial arrangement. From the notations, we can find some recurrent ''pattern'' of graphs which represent certain widely used environmental organizations. Extensively, we can apply this notion of territorial ''pattern'' to study the isomorphic structure of built environments that may shed new light on the study of architectural history as well as socio-cultural spatial behaviors.

博士<br>國立交通大學<br>土木工程系所<br>107<br>In the early stages of the spatial design process, the designer always predicts the motion experience that involves moving through and between spaces in the static diagram. Designers usually use lines along with arrows to describe and predict the circulation of space. However, it is hard to convey the motion concept to the receiver in the static circulation graphics. This purpose of this study is to investigate the regular method of movement description through the notation system. The strategy of constructs a system of reference is used to improve the design communication and motivation during the design process. Purposive sampling is used to find information-rich cases that meet the criteria. In-depth interviews are used to gain the holistic understanding of spatial designer’s perspectives. The data analysis for each designer interviewed consisted of coding and categorizing. The results of this study showed that the type of space corresponds to the spatial behavior in the diagram. In addition, spatial information can depict the human body, behavior, and meaning through selection, combination, and summarization of symbols. Moreover, this study proposes a possible systematic framework to re-examine the relationship between designers and non-designers. Though the design communication can visualize the process which might help non-designers to switch the role from passive to active participation. To conclude, the narrative structure of the symbolic system might hinder the concept-expression, but it can help the design process in the design communicate of a large design case. Also, the presentation of motion experience allows designers to conduct a preliminary discussion about the elevation in the plan.

Many aspects of computer-based music notation have been previously discussed. The presented thesis deals with the process of converting a textual description of music into a conventional musical score that can be either printed or viewed on a computer screen. The chosen textual music representation language is GUIDO Music Notation, an adequate, human-readable format, which has been developed since 1996. Because GUIDO Music Notation is not solely focused on score representation but rather on being able to represent all logical aspects of music, the conversion of arbitrary GUIDO descriptions into a conventional score is not necessarily an easy or straightforward task. The thesis begins by introducing the three-layered structure of GUIDO Music Notation. The most important features of GUIDO are presented and compared to other music representation languages. The thesis continues to describe how GUIDO descriptions are first converted into a suitable computer representation. Then, automatic musical typesetting algorithms work on this inner representation. The major difference to other music notation systems lies in the fact that all implemented typesetting algorithms are described as GUIDO to GUIDO transformations. Each step of the musical typesetting process adds more richness to the GUIDO description. The final description, which contains all typesetting information, is then used for viewing and printing the score. In this thesis, the implemented music notation algorithms are described, some of them in detail; especially those parts of the musical typesetting process that have similarities to text setting, namely spacing and line breaking, are presented. An improved algorithm for spacing a line of music is discussed and it is shown how the resulting spacing more closely matches the spacing of a human engraver. Additionally, a new algorithm for optimally filling pages is presented for the first time. The implemented music notation system is used within several applications including an online music notation server which is freely available on the Internet using any standard web browser.

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>自動化及控制研究所<br>96<br>Music plays an important role in human life. People can understand, perform, and write music through musical notations. Diverse forms of musical notations have been developed in various favor, such as the numbered musical notation and the five-line staff. However, it is a serious problem that people first touching on music cannot understand musical notations. Besides, it is more important for human—computer interaction because of diversification and humanity for robots. Robots will be developed to face performance and entertainment, e.g., the robot reading and singing. It can be regard as a performance with entertainment in the robot theater. Recently, several musical notation recognition systems have been developed successfully under some constraints. For Yamaha’s musical notation recognition system, the constraint is that the musical notation should be captured by the scanner in order to avoid the warping and the skewing effects. Due to the constraint, the captured musical notation images usually have good quality. In this thesis, we relax the above constraint and design a more general musical notation recognition system which resolves these considerations, such as skew and warp. Under different kinds of real testing musical notation images, experimental results show that our proposed novel generalized musical notation recognition system is robust and encouraging.

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>資訊工程系<br>97<br>For improvement of technique, the develop of robot become humanity and diversification. We create a musical notation recognition system by combining several techniques of image process. When robot reading the musical notation, the robot can sing the contents of musical notation in short time. In several recognition systems, the recognition result of musical notation has serious effect for skewing and warping. Our proposed recognition system would resolve this problem.

博士<br>國立交通大學<br>應用藝術研究所<br>101<br>Music teachers often encounter obstructions in teaching music beginners in music reading. Conventional notational symbols require muic beginners to spend significant amount of time in memorizing, which discourages learning at early stage. This article proposes a newly developed color music notation system that may improve the recognition of the staff and the numbered musical notation for music beginners. Single melodies are the focus that are relatively easy for music beginners to read and to play, which may increase students’ confidence at the first step of music learning. The color music notation system that associates color music scores with color and music synesthesia by human vision and audition is proposed. Pitch, duration, range, and intensity of music elements are coded as colors, lattices, graphs, and shape sizes, respectively. Based on the twelve notes, we adopt the Itten color wheel and the natural color system with twelve primary colors to retain colors accurately when the notation is reproduced. In this paper, the authors design a new “color music notation system” to improve the disadvantages of staff, and this system is to be an assistant tool of music reading to help music beginners in music learning. We hope music beginners who can promote their learning abilities of music reading, incluing read scores quickly, play music pieces simply, raise interest in music, inspire their pleasure, and improve achievement in music reading and playing. The purpose is in order to compare the effects of music reading and playing between the staff and the color music notation. The method is to test 18 subjects that they have good vision and never learn music reading and piano playing. After the subjects learn the staff, the color-music notation, and the piano playing, and then the subjects adopt to sight-playing the different levels of the single-melodies of the staff and the color music notation of the two music pieces. Authors record the error numbers of pitch and duration, and they also ask subjects to fill out the form of questions of music arbitrary scales to inquire their opinions that are using effects and druthers of the two music notations. From the results of research findings, we can find the sight-playing error numbers in pitch and duration and music arbitrary scales in pitch, duration, range, and intensity that the using and learning effectives of the color music notation are better than the staff. Hopefully, music beginners can use the novel colored music scores to read and to play music quickly, accurately, and confidently.

Constructivist educators are concerned with methods that will help teachers understand young children's thinking in order to facilitate their learning along a developmental continuum in the acquisition of knowledge. This study focuses on the development and testing of the Broderick Notation System. The BNS is a format and system for teachers to map observable interactions of children's play over time in relation to teachers developing inferences about what children know and hypothesize about friendship, leadership, roles, and rules. The intention of this concept mapping system is to help teachers gain a deeper understanding of what children are thinking so they can more accurately assess appropriate entry points for facilitating learning with children. ^ Four preschool teachers were trained to use the BNS in six 2-hour trainings while viewing 2 short (under 10 minutes) videotapes of children at play. They were asked to use the BNS to identify the conceptual thinking underlying children's spontaneous play in the areas of friendship, leadership, roles, and rules. ^ Following the 6-week period each subject was tested individually. The test consisted of viewing two unseen videotapes (under 10 minutes each) that are similar but different from the original training videos. Subject's were allowed to take as long as they liked to complete the process of observing and coding with the BNS, and the video footage as seen on a computer that they could easily pause, forward, and reverse the footage in order to complete the notation to their satisfaction. Following the test each teacher was interviewed to obtain his/her record of the beginning and ending of each coded concept on the computer's time display. Teachers were interviewed to obtain more detailed information about the conceptual meaning they attached to each coded symbol and the behavior each coded symbol relates to. ^ The testing of interrater reliability among teacher subjects is a first step in a research program to be carried out over the next three to four years, in which the BNS will be tested for validity and use among trained educators.* ^ *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation).^

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工學院聲音與音樂創意科技碩士學位學程<br>98<br>This study provides a number musical notation system which can be used to convert MIDI files to number musical notation. Writing music in number musical notation can be easily stored and transported electronically, which enables the understanding of music for with less music knowledge. The following analysis and tracking technologies and rule theories were integrated in number musical notation system: 1. Pitch spelling: An in-situ technology of pitch spelling was used. 2. Key finding: A spiral array model also was used to optimize the tonality of music. 3. Beats tracking and rhythm induction: This study adopted a process from the analysis of beats weights and duration to rhythm induction. 4. Chord identification: The center of effect in spiral array model was utilized to identify the chord of music. 5. Rule theories: Some rule theories were also integrated in this system, such as number musical notation rule, beat basic framework, tonality transfer, tonality and chord marking rule for pop music. iii Based on the integration of pitch spelling, tonality analysis, beats tracking and chord identification, number musical notation system can analyze the MIDI files without complete information, such as the files recorded from audio recorders or converted from WAV files, to find correct note events and the characteristics of music in MIDI files, hence get the optimized results.

The thesis deals with possibilities of recording sign language vocabulary, especially the possible ways of notation of Czech sign language signs. The introductory chapter describes the first attempts to put the data down on paper in the 18th and 19th century in Europe. These ones were the first verbal descriptions of signs, sign notations and signs drawn in figures. Furthermore, the chapter gives a detailed description of the first notation system based on linguistic principles - William Stokoe's notation system, which was established in 1960 for American sign language and has become a basis and inspiration for many other notation systems which are also briefly described. A great deal of the paper is focused on possible ways to record Czech sign language lexicon. First, the thesis describes the "non- notational" ways of recording signs that were previously used in papers dealing with Czech sign language - description, figures, photographs, videos and computer simulations. After these, we focus on the particular standardized notational systems that can be used for our purposes - Czech notation system for sign language and its modifications, the Edinburgh non- manual notation system, Hamburg notation system, SignWriting and Berkeley transcription system. The last chapter provides an evaluation of...

This study investigates the possibility of applying Hatten’s theory of musical gesture to a formal system of musical analysis. Using historical antecedents and established musicological practice as a guide, a range of musical parameters in a motive length span of music are incorporated into a single gesture. This gesture forms the basic semantic unit upon which an analytical tableau structure is built, and a syntax is developed to allow derivations of new gestures; a large scale structure displaying fractal-like self-similarity is then proposed. The completed system is applied to the analysis of the ‘Adagio’ of Mozart’s Flute Quartet K.285 to test whether it can consistently be implemented and whether it produces falsifiable results while maintaining predictive power. It is found that these requirements are indeed met and that a set of inference rules can be derived suggesting that the proposed system has ample scope for further development.<br>Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology<br>M. Mus.