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1
Borri, Claudio, and Francesco Maffioli, eds. Re-engineering Engineering Education in Europe. Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-676-1.
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Contributing to the development and the enrichment of the European dimension in Engineering Education (EE), constituted the global goal of TREE. In other words to enhance the compatibility of the many diverse routes to the status of Professional Engineer which exist in Europe and, hence, to facilitate greater mobility of skilled personnel and integration of the various situations throughout Europe. The activity of the TN TREE, made up by some 110 higher education Institutions and Associations, has been developed along four main lines: A. the tuning line B. the education and research line C. the attractiveness of EE line D. the sustainability line This volume, accompanied by a CD Rom, presents the results of three years of works in the frame of the Thematic Network TREE which was activated and financed in the frame of the SOCRATES Programme in the period 2004-2007.
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Armenakis. Displacement monitoring by integrating on-line photogrammetric observations with dynamic information. Dept. of Surveying Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 1987.
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Horne, Gerald. Turning Point. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037924.003.0007.
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This chapter analyzes Patterson's remark that “today the oppressed Negro people is seeking integration,” and that “the Negro people are an oppressed nation.” These remarks reflect a bitter internal party struggle that stretched from mid-1944 to mid-1945, leaving in its wake a momentous shift on the much discussed Negro Question, involving a retreat from the Black Belt line of self-determination, presumably since the Negroes were “seeking integration.” This complex and painful debate in mid-1945 was to result in the reinstatement of the old line—then another shift in 1956 in the aftermath of the conniptions caused by the invasion of Hungary and the revelations about Stalin's crimes. All the while, Patterson and his comrades continued grinding away against Jim Crow, though it was understandable that some thought their efforts had been sidetracked by abstruse polemics.
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Kasprzak, Jaroslaw D., Anita Sadeghpour, and Ruxandra Jurcut. Doppler echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0003.
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Doppler examination is an integral part of the echocardiogram. Current systems are equipped with spectral Doppler in continuous wave mode (offering measurements of high velocities with limited spatial specificity due to integration of signal along the scan line), pulsed wave mode (high spatial specificity with maximal recordable velocity reduced by the Nyquist limit), and colour Doppler flow mapping (allowing rapid identification of flow pattern within a cross-sectional B-mode sector). Tissue Doppler echocardiography emerged as a basic tool for sampling regional myocardial velocities, in pulsed wave or colour velocity mapping mode. Finally, three-dimensional systems improve spatial presentation of flow phenomena by integrating Doppler-derived flow patterns in three-dimensional datasets.
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Moon, Jeremy. 2. The company level. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199671816.003.0003.
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‘The company level’ looks at the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR), within companies. It considers four frameworks that companies use to identify and manage their responsibilities: Carroll’s CSR pyramid, the stakeholder model, the triple bottom line approach, and the shared value approach. It then looks at the practices companies engage in, which are distinguished by their respective spheres: community, workplace, marketplace, and environment. The issues of internal organization and integration of CSR are critical to the performance and impact of companies adopting CSR. But how do CSR companies assess and understand the impact of their CSR contributions? The growth of intra-organizational CSR staff indicates a need for appropriately prepared personnel.
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Lang, Elvira V. No pain no gain: A neuroethical place for hypnosis in invasive intervention. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0011.
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Management of patients’ pain depends largely on the beliefs of healthcare providers and institutional cultures rather than evidence and rational considerations. Approaches that improve positive outcomes based on placebo effects elicit the call for guidance and regulations by medical societies and ethics boards. Oddly, the use of nocebo approaches seems to be a free-for-all: it is not as specifically limited as the training of front-line providers in positive language or hypnotic techniques, which is still labeled unethical by one of the major professional associations. The hope is that continued documentation of efficacy of nonpharmacologic calming and analgesic techniques in well-conducted clinical trials will overcome these hurdles, and that further stepwise integration in medical practice will facilitate the needed culture change of Western medical practice. The aim is to make gains for all concerned without unnecessary pains.
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Mason, Peggy. Perceiving the World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0014.
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As exemplified by sensory illusions, perception is interpretative rather than faithfully representational of the changes in the world. All perceptual pathways involve stimulus transduction, transmission, and modulation before sensory events are coded by the nervous system. The set of stimuli that humans respond to are a subset of the stimuli that elicit reactions across the animal kingdom. The brain processes visual, auditory, mechanical, and vestibular stimuli by breaking stimuli into their sinusoidal components for neuronal processing. The probabilistic response of sensory receptors to stimulation within a receptive field is described. A fundamental property of sensory perception is responsiveness to a wide range of stimulus intensities over several orders of magnitude. Yet, at any one time, the response to a stimulus is proportional to the background level of stimulation. The concept of labeled line sensory transmission is described, and the reality of multimodal integration is revealed through examples.
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Schütze, Robert. From International to Federal Market. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803379.001.0001.
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What philosophy informs the European Union’s internal market? In the history of European integration three market models can be distinguished: an international model, a federal model, and a national model. Under the international model, each State commits itself to limiting its external sovereignty, while it retains internal sovereignty over its national market. By contrast, the federal model accepts that within a ‘common market’ States must lose a part of their internal sovereignty; and in line with the principle of ‘home state’ control, goods are generally entitled to be freely sold on a ‘foreign’ market once they comply with the law of their home state. Finally, according to the ‘national’ market model, all trade restrictions that are above a—legislative or judicial—Union standard must be removed. The book argues that the EU internal market—and in particular the structure of its law—has generally evolved from an international to a federal market philosophy.
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Norton, Tony. Biodiversity: Integrating Conservation and Production. Edited by Ted Lefroy, Kay Bailey, and Greg Unwin. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643096219.
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Australia’s experience in community-based environmental repair is unique in the world, with no shortage of analysis by bureaucrats, academics and environmentalists. This collection of 17 case studies gives a view from ground level. It includes heroic accounts of families who changed their way of farming and their relationship to the land so significantly they found they could stop hand-feeding stock during a drought and see the bush coming back. It describes the experience with ‘bush tenders’, which were oversubscribed, as farmers competed with each other for stewardship payments to manage their grazing lands for endangered ground-nesting birds as well as beef and wool. And it tells of a group of wheat growers who plant patches of grassland for beneficial insects that save them tens of thousands of dollars a year in pesticide bills.
 The case studies arose from a meeting of 250 farmers, foresters and fishers from all Australian states, who met in Launceston as guests of the community group Tamar Natural Resource Management to reflect on the question: ‘Is it possible to be good environmental managers and prosper in our businesses?’ As well as tales of environmental hope, there are also messages about the limits of duty of care, the need to share the costs of achieving society’s expectations, and the possibility of learning from unlikely places. Biodiversity: Integrating Conservation and Production includes the seven ‘Tamar Principles’, distilled by the delegates from the meeting for those on the front line.
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Gautschi, Walter. Orthogonal Polynomials. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198506720.001.0001.
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This is the first book on constructive methods for, and applications of orthogonal polynomials, and the first available collection of relevant Matlab codes. The book begins with a concise introduction to the theory of polynomials orthogonal on the real line (or a portion thereof), relative to a positive measure of integration. Topics which are particularly relevant to computation are emphasized. The second chapter develops computational methods for generating the coefficients in the basic three-term recurrence relation. The methods are of two kinds: moment-based methods and discretization methods. The former are provided with a detailed sensitivity analysis. Other topics addressed concern Cauchy integrals of orthogonal polynomials and their computation, a new discussion of modification algorithms, and the generation of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. The final chapter deals with selected applications: the numerical evaluation of integrals, especially by Gauss-type quadrature methods, polynomial least squares approximation, moment-preserving spline approximation, and the summation of slowly convergent series. Detailed historic and bibliographic notes are appended to each chapter. The book will be of interest not only to mathematicians and numerical analysts, but also to a wide clientele of scientists and engineers who perceive a need for applying orthogonal polynomials.
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Bauböck, Rainer. Democratic Representation in Mobile Societies. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428231.003.0014.
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Multiculturalism and transnationalism have transformed the traditional assimilationist and statist perspectives of immigrant integration studies. Yet these progressive approaches have not fully addressed the new challenges raised by the ‘mobility turn’. In highly mobile societies, the distinction between cultural majority and minorities, which is the starting point for multiculturalism, and the distinction between migrants, receiving and destination societies, which is still maintained in a transnational perspective, become increasingly blurred. Once these categories can no longer be distinguished, the normative case for differentiated multicultural and transnational citizenship becomes weaker too. The second part of the paper applies this line of thought to democratic representation issues. It identifies three challenges of mobility: representing temporary migrants; bridging cleavages between mobile and sedentary populations; and organizing democratic representation in hypermobile societies with sedentary minorities, each of which assume a different degree of societal transformation through mobility. The chapter concludes that it would be wrong to replace the methodological nationalism and statism that has prevailed in the multicultural citizenship literature with an equally biased ‘methodological migrantism’ that privileges a mobility perspective over that of territorially structured democracy. We should instead try to find institutional solutions which combine both perspectives and, where this is impossible, at least try to switch back and forth between them.
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Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Primary Visual Perception from the Bottom Up. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0008.
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This chapter addresses primary visual perception, detailing how visual information comes about and, as a consequence, which visual properties provide particularly useful information about the environment. The brain extracts this information systematically, and also separates redundant and complementary visual information aspects to improve the effectiveness of visual processing. Computationally, image smoothing, edge detectors, and motion detectors must be at work. These need to be applied in a convolutional manner over the fixated area, which are computations that are predestined to be solved by means of cortical columnar structures in the brain. On the next level, the extracted information needs to be integrated to be able to segment and detect object structures. The brain solves this highly challenging problem by incorporating top-down expectations and by integrating complementary visual information aspects, such as light reflections, texture information, line convergence information, shadows, and depth information. In conclusion, the need for integrating top-down visual expectations to form complete and stable perceptions is made explicit.
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Newman, Mark. Desegregating Dixie. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496818867.001.0001.
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This book draws on a vast range of archives and many interviews to uncover for the first time the multifaceted and complex response of African American and white Catholics across the South to desegregation. In the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century, the southern Catholic Church contributed to segregation by confining Africans Americans to the back of white churches and black schools and churches. However, papal adoption and dissemination of the doctrine of the Mystical Body of Christ in the mid-1940s, pressure from some black and white Catholics and secular change brought by the civil rights movement, sometimes with federal support, increasingly led the Church to address racial discrimination behind and outside its walls. Far from monolithic, white Catholics in the South divided between a moderate segregationist majority and minorities of hard-line segregationists and progressive racial egalitarians. While some bishops felt no discomfort with segregation, prelates appointed from the late 1940s tended to be more supportive of religious and secular change. Some bishops in the peripheral South began segregation before or in anticipation of secular change, while elsewhere, and especially in the Deep South, they often tied Catholic to secular desegregation. African American Catholics were diverse and more active in the civil rights movement than often assumed. While some black Catholics challenged racism in the Church, many were conflicted about the manner of Catholic desegregation generally imposed by closing black institutions. Tracing its impact through the early 1990s, Newman reveals how desegregation seldom brought integration.
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Tong, Cheuk Yan William, Caryn Rosmarin, and Armine Sefton, eds. Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.001.0001.
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Microbiology and virology laboratories provide a diagnostic service that supports the management of patients under the care of front-line clinicians. Despite the significant overlap, laboratory expertise and clinical patient management are traditionally viewed as independent entities. Trainees in the infection disciplines of microbiology, virology, infectious diseases, and tropical medicine have until recently received separate, and as a result, limited training. To address this problem, the UK replaced the FRCPath Part 1 examination for infectious disease trainees with a combined infection training (CIT) curriculum in 2015. Based on the idea of integration and collaboration within the field, CIT links laboratory expertise to clinical patient management. Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme is the first book covering the complete CIT curriculum. Following the format of the CIT certificate examination, each chapter ends with three single best answer multiple choice questions accompanied by in-depth discussions. This extensive content helps students appreciate the breadth of knowledge required, emphasises how the different aspects of the field are related, and is an essential tool for those preparing for the CIT certificate examination. Written by a multi-disciplinary team of medical microbiologists, virologists, infectious disease physicians, clinical scientists, biomedical scientists, public health specialists, HIV clinicians, and infection control nurses, this well-illustrated and easy to use book offers a unique insight into infectious diseases. It is the perfect primer for further study, a starting point for medical students and professionals wishing to learn more about the different topics within the infection specialty, and ideal for biomedical scientists looking to broaden their clinical understanding of the field beyond the diagnostic test.
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Sigalas, Emmanuel. The European Union Space Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.183.
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The European Union Space Policy (EUSP) is one of the lesser known and, consequently, little understood policies of the European Union (EU). Although the EU added outer space as one of its competences in 2009 with the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, the EUSP roots go back decades earlier.Officially at least, there is no EUSP as such, but rather a European Space Policy (ESP). The ESP combines in principle space programs and competences that cut across three levels of governance: the supranational (EU), the international (intergovernmental), and the national. However, since the EU acquired treaty competences on outer space, it is clear that a nascent EUSP has emerged, even if no one yet dares calling it by its name.Currently, three EU space programs stand out: Galileo, Copernicus, and EGNOS. Galileo is probably the better known and more controversial of the three. Meant to secure European independence from the U.S. global positioning system by putting in orbit a constellation of European satellites, Galileo has been plagued by several problems. One of them was the collapse of the public–private partnership funding scheme in 2006, which nearly killed it. However, instead of marking the end of EUSP, the termination of the public–private partnership served as a catalyst in its favor. Furthermore, research findings indicate that the European Parliament envisioned an EUSP long before the European Commission published its first communication in this regard. This is a surprising yet highly interesting finding because it highlights the fact that in addition to the Commission or the European Court of Justice, the European Parliament is a thus far neglected policy entrepreneur. Overall, the development of the EUSP is an almost ideal case study of European integration by stealth, largely in line with the main principles of two related European integration theories: neofunctionalism and historical institutionalism.Since EUSP is a relatively new policy, the existing academic literature on this policy is also limited. This has also to do with the degree of public interest in outer space in general. Outer space’s popularity reached its heyday during the Cold War era. Today space, in Europe and in other continents, has to compete harder than ever for public attention and investment. Still, research on European space cooperation is growing, and there are reasons to be optimistic about its future.
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Teubner, Jonathan D. Prayer as Acceptance of Time. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767176.003.0004.
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Chapter 2 examines Augustine’s ‘ascents of the soul’, and how, over time, this motif shapes Augustine’s understanding of both his beliefs about and practices of prayer. Extending a line of argument that begins in Chapter 1, this chapter inspects how Augustine makes a shift in the structure of the ascent that has profound and lasting consequences: whereas in De ordine and De quantitate animae ascent is envisioned as the mind’s ascent to vision, in De vera religione the ascent is more properly characterized as the human being’s temporal journey towards the beata vita that is enticed by the truth of Scripture. De sermone Domini in monte emerges as a pivotal text for the development of Augustine’s exercitatio animi. This chapter concludes with a detailed analysis of Augustine’s commentary on the Lord’s Prayer, which is his first attempt at integrating prayer and the ‘ascent of the soul’.
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Harabagiu, Sanda, and Dan Moldovan. Question Answering. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0031.
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Textual Question Answering (QA) identifies the answer to a question in large collections of on-line documents. By providing a small set of exact answers to questions, QA takes a step closer to information retrieval rather than document retrieval. A QA system comprises three modules: a question-processing module, a document-processing module, and an answer extraction and formulation module. Questions may be asked about any topic, in contrast with Information Extraction (IE), which identifies textual information relevant only to a predefined set of events and entities. The natural language processing (NLP) techniques used in open-domain QA systems may range from simple lexical and semantic disambiguation of question stems to complex processing that combines syntactic and semantic features of the questions with pragmatic information derived from the context of candidate answers. This article reviews current research in integrating knowledge-based NLP methods with shallow processing techniques for QA.
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Ramani, Geetha B., and Robert S. Siegler. How Informal Learning Activities Can Promote Children’s Numerical Knowledge. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.012.
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Before children begin school, there is a wide range of individual differences in children’s early numerical knowledge. Theoretical and empirical work from the sociocultural perspective suggests that children’s experiences in the early home environment and with informal number activities can contribute to these differences. This article draws from this work to hypothesize that differences in the home explain, in part, why the numerical knowledge of children from low-income backgrounds trails behind that of peers from middle-class backgrounds. By integrating sociocultural perspectives with a theoretical analysis of children’s mental number line, the authors created an informal learning activity to serve as an intervention to promote young children’s numerical knowledge. Our studies have shown that playing a simple number board game can promote the numerical knowledge of young children from low-income backgrounds. The authors discuss how informal learning activities can play a critical role in the development of children’s early maths skills.
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Lucander, David. “These Women Really Did the Work”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038624.003.0005.
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This chapter describes a series of sit-ins during 1944. Led by largely forgotten African American women, this interracial direct-action campaign sought to challenge the color line at department-store lunch counters. Integrating, or at least improving, access to food service at major downtown retailers was an important step in the process of breaking down elements of Jim Crow segregation in St. Louis. That same year, the March on Washington Movement (MOWM) shifted its attention toward obtaining and retaining jobs for black workers in publicly funded workplaces. Gaining access to jobs operating switchboards and in the local administration of Southwestern Bell Telephone offices was presented as a stride toward securing sustainable employment for a largely female contingent of working-class African Americans who wanted long-term white- and pink-collar employment. This sort of local women's activism, juxtaposed against national men's leadership, is consistent with a gendered pattern of activism in civil rights campaigns that persisted through the 1960s.