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Dunn, Warwick Brian. "The off-line and on-line analysis of liquid process streams by mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4651.
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The work presented in this thesis describes the development and validation in the laboratory of four techniques employed for the off-line and on-line analysis of liquid chemical process streams by mass spectrometry, without previous chromatographic separation of sample components. The four techniques were total vaporisation analysis, headspace analysis, membrane introduction mass spectrometry and atmospheric pressure ionisation-mass spectrometry. The technique of total vaporisation analysis completely vaporises liquid samples in a gas chromatograph heated injection inlet and analyses the vapour created with a mass spectrometer. Headspace analysis and membrane introduction mass spectrometry provide partial and selective transfer of compounds from the liquid sample phase to the gas phase and the subsequent analysis of the gas phase with a mass spectrometer. Headspace analysis has no third phase separating the liquid and gas phases whereas membrane introduction mass spectrometry places a membrane between the two phases. All three techniques were validated using an electron-impact quadrupole mass spectrometer and two model streams; acetone (analyte) in water and methyl iodide (analyte) in acetic acid. As an alternative strategy atmospheric pressure ionisation-mass spectrometers ionise samples in ion sources operating at atmospheric pressure. The techniques of electrospray ionisation and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation were investigated for the analysis of formic, acetic and propionic acids present in water and other carboxylic acids. The techniques of total vaporisation analysis, headspace analysis and membrane introduction mass spectrometry provided low p.g m1' or g 11 limits of detection for acetone and methyl iodide with relative standard deviation values for replicate analyses of 100 pg ml' standards of less than 10 % in most cases. Off-line and on-line total vaporisation analysis and off-line headspace analysis provided accurate determination of acetone in similar process samples, whereas the matrix affected the accuracy of the determination when the techniques of on-line headspace analysis and membrane introduction mass spectrometry were employed. Electrospray ionisation could also detect formic, acetic and propionic acids in aqueous or carboxylic acid matrices at concentrations of and possibly less than 100 tg nil1 . Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation could only detect carboxylic acids present in aqueous matrices at concentrations of 100 tg ml' or greater.
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Yu, Guoxin 1968. "Modeling of shell forming by line heating." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9047.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-179).<br>Metal forming by a moving heat source is an efficient and economical method for forming flat metal plates into doubly curved shapes. This thesis proposes an FEM model for three dimensional thermo-mechanical simulation of the process of shell forming by line heating. Since the heat flux is focused on a small area under the heat source, a rezoning technique is developed to reduce computation time in three-dimensional numerical simulation. This involves dynamic remeshing of the metal plate so that the area directly under the heat source is densely meshed while other areas are sparsely meshed. A simplified model is also developed which is based on semi-analytical thermal analysis and idealization of plastic zone during line heating. This simplified model is useful in real-time control of the forming process since the computation time can be greatly reduced. The two thermo-mechanical models lead to a better understanding of the line heating mechanism and more accurate and efficient prediction of the deformation of metal plates. Based on these two models, parametric studies of the edge effects, heat input, heat source velocity, spot size, heat loss coefficients, etc. are performed, and nondimensional parameters which control the bending angle are derived. Finally, an algorithm for surface development for heating path planning is developed. This algorithm minimizes the strains from the doubly curved surface to its planar development. Compared with conventional surface development methods, this algorithm takes into account the characteristics of the process of forming by line heating. This surface development algorithm lays the basis for heating path determination. Based on the developed algorithms and models, we will be able to not only determine the heating paths, but also determine the heating conditions which are necessary to form an initial flat plate into a doubly curved plate. These are critical for automation of the metal forming process.<br>by Guoxin Yu.<br>Ph.D.
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Stone, Mark Adam. "Improving Off-line and On-line Supercritical Fluid Extraction Techniques by Elevating the Post-Restrictor Pressure." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26623.
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The high flow rate that results as fluid decompresses through the restrictor is arguably the single greatest problem with supercritical fluid extraction techniques. As a result of these high flow rates, solvent trapping is not efficient in many cases, and the more complicated sorbent trapping technique must be used. In addition, loss of the collection solvent may occur during the process making it difficult to work with small volumes, which are desirable from the standpoint of sensitivity, cost, and environmental concerns.
Similarly, these high decompressed flows have made it difficult to directly interface supercritical fluid extraction methods with separation techniques. This is unfortunate as supercritical extractions are ideal for on-line coupling in other respects, such as the fact that the fluid becomes gaseous upon depressurization and that supercritical fluids generally extract less contaminant material. In this thesis we have shown that, by elevating the post-restrictor pressure, the decompressed flow rate can be reduced, and these problems can be minimized, considerably.
Off-line trapping becomes much simpler when working at elevated pressures as the need for sorbent trapping is virtually eliminated and solvent trapping may be conducted with much less difficulty.
Elevated post-restrictor pressures were found to be very beneficial for on-line work as well. SFE/GC was carried out with complete transfer of the extraction effluent to a capillary GC column, which has not previously been demonstrated. Likewise the use of an open-tubular column interface, maintained at moderately elevated pressures, allowed SFE/HPLC to be conducted with quantitative analyte transfer, even in the presence of 10% modifier. In all cases - but especially for the on-line methods - more practical extraction parameters were possible, including extraction vessel volume, extraction flow rate, and dynamic extraction time.
Another benefit of elevating the post-restrictor pressure is that higher extraction flow rates will generally be possible. The benefits of this were not evaluated in the research presented here, however, the effect that the extraction flow rate can have on extraction time is considered, from a theoretical standpoint, in Chapter five.<br>Ph. D.
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Gharehmeshk, Gharravi Hossein. "Rectilinear Interdiction Problem By Locating A Line Barrier." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615380/index.pdf.
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This study is an optimization approach to the rectilinear interdiction problem by locating a line barrier.
Interdiction problems study the eect of a limited disruption action on operations of a system. Network interdiction problems, where nodes and arcs of the network are susceptible to disruption actions, are extensively studied in the operations research literature. In this study, we consider a set of sink points on the plane that are being served by source points and our aim is to study the eect of locating a line barrier on the plane (as a disruption action) such that the total shortest distance between sink and source points is maximized. We compute the shortest distances after disruption using visibility concept and utilizing properties of our problem. The amount of disruption is limited by imposing constraints on the
length of the barrier and also the total number of disrupted points. The suggested solution approaches are based on mixed-integer programming and a polynomial-time algorithm.
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Dowell, Stephen B. Bell Jeffrey H. "Power by the numbers : congressional line item management /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA283697.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1994.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Paul N. Stockton. "June 1994." Cover title: Power ... item budgeting. Bibliography: p. 67-68. Also available online.
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Min, Jun Young. "Off-line quality control by robust parameter design." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/597.
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Boston, Ian Edward. "Transient stress analysis by the transmission line method." Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259799.
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Dowell, Stephen B., and Jeffrey H. Bell. "Power by the numbers : congressional line item management." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/30849.
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Congressional micromanagement of the defense budget is a crucial, element of the struggle between the legislative and executive branches to shape military spending. By altering presidential funding requests, Congress can impose its own preferences on the defense budget, and thus guide the restructuring of U.S. armed forces. Congressional micromanagement has drawn enormous criticism from academics and Department of Defense officials. This thesis uses documents provided by the DOD Comptroller to conduct two studies. The first is a multi year (FY 1989-1994) analysis of the procurement account, to examine how the end of the Cold War affected micromanagement. The second study examines all defense budget categories for one year (FY 1994) to compare micromanagement between accounts. This thesis argues that the percentage of budget line items for procurement altered by congressional appropriators remained nearly constant (20 to 23 percent) from FY 1989-1994. Congress subtracted from more line items that it added to, however line item subtractions were smaller on average than additions. A cross service analysis revealed no particular service or procurement programs as the prime target of Congressional micromanagement. The single year cross sectional analysis revealed that activity in DoD procurement is indicative of legislative change in operations and research accounts, but not in construction and housing.
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Pejchang, Darawan. "Measurement of nanoparticles by digital in-line holography." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES052.
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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer la taille et la forme de nanoparticules en utilisant l'holographie numérique dans l’axe en association un processus photo-thermique d’échauffement induit par laser. Une suspension de nanoparticules en très faible concentration et en milieu dilué dans une goutte d’eau, est chauffée par un laser impulsionnel. Une bulle de vapeur d’eau, stable, entourant la nanoparticule secondaire à l’échauffement est créée. La transposition de taille de l’échelle nanométrique à l’échelle micrométrique est alors obtenue. Ce processus photo-thermique est utilisé pour relier la taille de la bulle à la taille de la nanoparticule. On obtient les relations fonctionnelles entre le rapport d'aspect et le volume de la bulle et ceux de la nanoparticule. Ces fonctions dépendent des caractéristiques de l'impulsion laser, de la température initiale de la nanoparticule et l’indice optique de l'eau et sont également spécifiques à la matière et à la forme de la nanoparticule. Une nanoparticule sphérique de TiO2 est utilisée dans cette démonstration. Le diamètre mesuré expérimentalement est en bon accord avec le diamètre moyen de l'échantillon. Cela signifie que la mesure indirecte utilisant la bulle de vapeur d’eau obtenue par cavitation autour de la nanoparticule peut être considéré comme efficace pour obtenir la taille d'une nanoparticule<br>In this thesis we study and develop a new methodology to measure the size and shape of individual nanoparticles by using digital in-line holography (DIH) microscopy in association with a photothermal process. Due to the limited resolution of the direct DIH technique at the nanoscale, an indirect measurement is treated. Instead of recording the hologram of a nanoparticle directly, the nanoparticle suspension is suddenly heated by a powerful pulse laser. Then a vapor bubble cavitation surrounding the nanoparticle is formed in order to increase the object size from the DIH point of view. The photothermal process is used to link the size of the bubble to the size of the nanoparticle. We obtain the functional relations between the aspect ratio and volume of the bubble and those of the nanoparticle from this process. These functions are dependent on the characteristics of the laser pulse, the initial temperature of the nanoparticle and the water medium, and are also specific to the material and shape of the nanoparticle. A spherical nanoparticle of TiO2 is used in this demonstration. The measured diameter is in good agreement with the average diameter of the sample. This means that the indirect measurement employing the cavitation vapor bubble around the nanoparticle can be considered as efficient to obtain the size of a nanoparticle. This technique has the ability to take into account the shape (ellipticity) of the bubble
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Uhlin, Fredrik. "Haemodialysis Treatment Monitored On-line by Ultra Violet Absorbance." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7987.
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Kozlovskaja-Gumbriene, Agne. "Zebrafish posterior lateral line organogenesis regulation by Notch signaling." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/49727/.
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Organ morphogenesis depends on the precise orchestration of cell migration, cell fate specification and cell shape chages. Results in this thesis demonstrate that Notch signaling is an integral part of the feedback loop between Wnt and Fgf signaling that underlies the self‐organization of rosette‐shaped sensory organs in the zebrafish lateral line system. Notch cell autonomously induces apical constriction and cell adhesion downstream of Fgf signaling and organizes lateral line organs into rosettes independent of patterning cues normally provided by a Wnt/Fgf signaling system. We also show that the ectopic Notch signaling induces larger organs independently of proliferation and the Hippo pathway. Transplantation and RNASeq analyses revealed that Notch signaling induces cell adhesion and tight junction proteins that interact with cytoskeleton causing cells to self‐organize into fewer larger organs rather than several smaller ones. Thus, Notch plays an essential role in coordinating actomyosin induced cell shape changes and their transmission throughout the tissue via adhesion molecules.
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Spencer, Benjamin. "On-line C-arm intrinsic calibration by means of an accurate method of line detection using the radon transform." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS044/document.
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Les ``C-arm'' sont des systémes de radiologie interventionnelle fréquemment utilisés en salle d'opération ou au lit du patient. Des images 3D des structures anatomiques internes peuvent être calculées à partir de multiples radiographies acquises sur un ``C-arm mobile'' et isocentrique décrivant une trajectoire généralement circulaire autour du patient. Pour cela, la géométrie conique d'acquisition de chaque radiographie doit être précisément connue. Malheureusement, les C-arm se déforment en général au cours de la trajectoire. De plus leur motorisation engendre des oscillations non reproductibles. Ils doivent donc être calibrés au cours de l'acquisition. Ma thèse concerne la calibration intrinsèque d'un C-arm à partir de la détection de la projection du collimateur de la source dans les radiographies.Nous avons développé une méthode de détection de la projection des bords linéaires du collimateur. Elle surpasse les méthodes classiques comme le filtre de Canny sur données simulées ou réelles. La précision que nous obtenons sur l'angle et la position (phi,s) des droites est de l'ordre de: phi{RMS}=+/- 0.0045 degrees et s{RMS}=+/- 1.67 pixels. Nous avons évalué nos méthodes et les avons comparés à des méthodes classiques de calibration dans le cadre de la reconstruction 3D<br>Mobile isocentric x-ray C-arm systems are an imaging tool used during a variety of interventional and image guided procedures. Three-dimensional images can be produced from multiple projection images of a patient or object as the C-arm rotates around the isocenter provided the C-arm geometry is known. Due to gravity affects and mechanical instabilities the C-arm source and detector geometry undergo significant non-ideal and possibly non reproducible deformation which requires a process of geometric calibration. This research investigates the use of the projection of the slightly closed x-ray tube collimator edges in the image field of view to provide the online intrinsic calibration of C-arm systems.A method of thick straight edge detection has been developed which outperforms the commonly used Canny filter edge detection technique in both simulation and real data investigations. This edge detection technique has exhibited excellent precision in detection of the edge angles and positions, (phi,s), in the presence of simulated C-arm deformation and image noise: phi{RMS} = +/- 0.0045 degrees and s{RMS} = +/- 1.67 pixels. Following this, the C-arm intrinsic calibration, by means of accurate edge detection, has been evaluated in the framework of 3D image reconstruction
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Pektas, Seda. "On-line Controller Tuning By Matlab Using Real System Responses." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605596/index.pdf.
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This thesis attempts to tune any controller without the mathematical model knowledge of the system it is controlling. For that purpose, the optimization algorithm of MATLAB®<br>6.5 / Nonlinear Control Design Blockset (NCD) is adapted for real-time executions and combined with a hardware-in-the-loop simulation provided by MATLAB®<br>6.5 / Real-Time Windows Target (RTWT). A noise-included model of a DC motor position control system is obtained in MATLAB®<br>/ SIMULINK first and simulated to test the modified algorithm in some aspects. Then the presented methodology is verified using the physical plant (DC motor position control system) where tuning algorithm is driven mainly by the real system data and the required performance parameters specified by a user defined constraint window are successfully satisfied. Resultant improvements on the step response behavior of DC motor position control system are shown for two case studies.
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Gallavardin, Stéphane. "Analysis concepts of aerosols by on-line aerosol mass spectrometry." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/603768/document.pdf.
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Jones, Megan Renee. "Investigation of the Barrett's esophagus cell line by capillary electrophoresis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8573.
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Nilsson, Alexander, and Kristina Sollander. "INCREASED EFFICIENCY BY PLANNING AN ASSEMBLY LINE WITH SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27315.
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Purpose – The purpose with this study is to investigate how an assembly line for products with long cycle time, high product variation and operators who follow the products through the flow can be planned for a high resource utilization as well as the challenges that can arise when planning an assembly line with an increasing demand and how these can be handled. Method – To fulfill the purpose of this study a case study was conducted at Mastec Components AB in Vaggeryd. The empirical data gathered from the case study was obtained through interviews, observations and document studies. The empirical data was then analysed against theory, which means that pattern matching was used and the analyse led to the studies results. Findings – This study illustrates how an assembly line with special demands can be planned to gain high resource utilization. When the products cycle times are multiple they can be sorted into product families to simplify the planning and it also enables a tacted planning method to be used. The study also presents how the usage of time buffers can facilitate the planning of an assembly line. Moreover the study illuminates the importance of controlling tact, both from the customer and the own production. When demand increases it is important that the production line is capable to keep up, therefore some arrangements can be done to reduce waste and increase capacity. Possible alternatives can be buffers, allocating resources and parallel assembly lines. Implications – The study investigates a type of assembly line where the operators follow the products through the flow. This type of assembly line is unexplored in theory and thereby a knowledge gap has been identified which partly have been covered by this study. Further on, the study contributed to an increased understanding of the consequences that occur when operators follow the flow and when products have long varying cycle times. The study also shows the value of calculating tact and use the advantages from it to easier handle variation in demand. Limitations – The case study was performed as one case study which means that only one unit has been analysed. This was due to the lack of resources to do several case studies, both regarding time and ability to find more facilities with similar conditions. If it were possible to conduct more case studies the results could have been more general. Keywords – Tact, tact time, tacted planning, assembly line, planning, operators, buffer.
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陳浩邦 and Hau-bang Bernard Chan. "Matching patterns of line segments by affine-invariant area features." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225652.
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Janse, van Vuuren Magrieta Jeanette. "On-line monitoring of hydrocyclones by use of image analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6619.
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Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Hydrocyclones are separation devices that are widely used throughout the chemical engineering and mineral processing industries. Although simple in design, the intricate flow structure of the device complicates control. As an alternative to conventional empirical and theoretical modelling, process state monitoring methods have recently been employed as a means to control hydrocyclones. The purpose of process state monitoring methods is to distinguish between the desired operating state with favourable separation, the transition state, and the troublesome operating state of dense flow separation.
In comparison to previously employed monitoring techniques, image analysis of the underflow is regarded as a promising approach. Preliminary studies have indicated that the technique complies with hydrocyclone monitoring requirements: sensitivity, non-invasiveness, sampling times less than one second, robustness and low cost. The primary objective of this study was therefore defined as investigating the feasibility of image analysis of hydrocyclone underflow as a monitoring technique.
Data collection entailed the recording of hydrocyclone underflow for different operating states. Six case studies were performed in total: Gold, Ilmenite, Platreef, Merensky 1, Merensky 2 and Merensky 3 (with the case study names indicating the different ore types used). An image analysis technique, consisting of feature extraction through motion detection, as well as various noise reduction methods, was consequently developed and applied to the video data. Classification of the various operating states was attempted by performing modelling by one-class support vector machines (SVM).
Results indicated that the developed image analysis technique effectively addresses background noise, random noise and system vibration through image enhancement and a motion threshold. Extremely low contrast differences and foreground noise did, however, prove problematic in Ilmenite and Merensky 1 case studies respectively. For the remaining case studies, it was found that the various operating states were identified with high accuracy through one-class SVM classification. This is particularly true for the identification of the troublesome dense flow separation for which extremely low missing alarm rates were obtained (0 % in most cases). In terms of practicality, the technique proved to be sensitive, non-intrusive and economical. The sampling time of 30 frames per second and estimated processing to video time ratio of 1:1, is furthermore satisfactory. Ultimately, the results indicate that the image analysis of hydrocyclone underflow is a viable monitoring technique.
The robustness of the technique might further be improved by use of backlighting and an air-knife. It is also recommended that future work should focus on testing the monitoring technique on an industrial hydrocyclone setup.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hidrosiklone is skeidingsapparate wat algemeen gebruik word in chemiese ingenieurswese en mineraalprosesserings industrieë. Alhoewel die apparaat ‘n eenvoudige ontwerp het, bemoeilik die komplekse interne vloeistruktuur die beheer daarvan. Prosestoestandmoniteringsmetodes is vir hidrosikloonbeheer toegepas as alternatief vir konvensionele empiriese en teoretiese modellering. Die doel van prosestoestandmoniteringsmetodes is om te onderskei tussen die gewenste bedryfstoestand met gunstige skeiding, die oorgangstoestand, en die moeilike bedryfstoestand van digtevloeiskeiding.
In vergelyking met vorige toegepaste moniteringstegnieke, word beeldverwerking van die ondervloei beskou as ‘n belowende tegniek. Voorlopige studies het aangedui dat die tegniek voldoen aan die hidrosikloonmoniteringvereistes: sensitiwiteit, nie-indringendheid, monsternemingstydperke laer as een sekonde, robuustheid en lae koste. Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie is daarom gedefineer as die ondersoek van die doenlikheid van beeldverwerking van hidrosikloon ondervloei as ‘n moniteringstegniek.
Die data versameling het die afneem van hidrosikloon ondervloei vir verskillende bedryfstoestande behels. Ses gevallestudies is in totaal uitgevoer: Goud, Ilmeniet, Platreef, Merensky 1, Merensky 2 en Merensky 3 (die gevallestudie name dui die verskillende erts tipes wat gebruik is aan). ‘n Beeldverwerkingstegniek, wat bestaan uit kenmerkekstraksie deur bewegingsopsporing, asook verskeie geruisverlagingsmetodes, is gevolglik ontwikkel en toegepas op die video data. Klassifikasie van die verskeie bedryfstoestande is beproef deur modellering met enkelklassteunvektormasjiene.
Resultate het aangedui dat die ontwikkelde beeldverwerkingstegniek agtergrond geruis, onreëlmatige geruis en sisteem vibrasie suksesvol aanspreek deur beeldversterking en ‘n bewegingslimiet. Beduidende lae kontrasverskille en voorgrond geruis blyk wel problematies in die Ilmeniet en Merensky 1 gevallestudies onderskeidelik. Vir die orige gevallestudies is gevind dat die verskillinde bedryfstoestande met hoë akkuraatheid geïdentifiseer is deur enkelklassteunvektormasjiene klassifisering. Dit is veral waar vir die identifisering van die moeilike digtevloeiskeiding waarvoor beduidende lae vermiste-alarmmaatstawwe behaal is (0 % in die meeste gevalle). Aangaande die praktiese aspekte, blyk die tegniek sensitief, nie-indringend en ekonomies. Die monsternemingstydperk van 30 raampies per sekonde en die beraamde prosesserings- tot videotyd verhouding van 1:1, is ook voldoende. Ten slotte dui die resultate daarop dat die beeldverwerking van hidrosikloon ondervloei ‘n uitvoerbare moniteringstegniek is.
Die robuustheid van die tegniek sou verder verbeter kon word deur gebruik te maak van agtergrondverligting en ‘n lugspuit. Dit word ook aanbeveel dat toekomstige werk op die toetsing van die moniteringstegniek op ‘n industriële hidrosikloon toestel moet fokus.
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Farrow, G. S. D. "A theoretical study of Bloch line memory by computer modelling." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383195.
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Chan, Hau-bang Bernard. "Matching patterns of line segments by affine-invariant area features /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25151319.
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Farshchi, Tabrizi Farshad. "On-line monitoring of emulsion polymerisation by conductimetry and calorimetry." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10224.
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La concentration de tensioactifs dans les réactions de la polymérisation en émulsion agit directement sur le nombre et la stabilité de particules dans le latex. La mesure en ligne de cette concentration est alors primordiale pour comprendre le mécanisme de formation de ces particules ainsi que la cinétique de la réaction. Cette mesure est alors indispensable pour la supervision et la commande de ces procédés de polymérisation. L'objectif principal de cette étude est de démontrer la possibilité d'utiliser la méthode de conductimétrie pour estimer la concentration de tensioactifs dans le latex. L'influence de différents paramètres pouvant modifier le signal de conductimétrie durant les réactions de polymérisation en émulsion a été étudiée. Nous avons donc établi une relation liant la variation de concentration de tensioactifs à la surface totale de particules dans le latex. La conductimétrie peut également être combiner à la calorimétrie et aux observateurs d'états (les capteurs logiciels) pour estimer le nombre moyen et le diamètre de particules dans le latex. Pour réaliser cet objectif, nous avons utilisé des observateurs à grand gain qui sont bien adapté pour ce type de procédés
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Mostat, Robert Steven. "In a class by themselves, community in the on-line classroom." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0010/MQ61473.pdf.
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Sheikh, Muntasir Mohammad. "Scattering from a thin wire excited by a perpendicular line current." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284935.
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In many applications it is necessary to determine coupling from a line current source to a nearby wire. Applications include current coupling in high-speed interconnects and wire interaction with a charged particle beam. A common physical configuration occurs when the source and wire are perpendicular to each other. In this dissertation, we investigate the scattered field and coupled current that result from such a configuration. We solve the problem for three different sources: a dipole, an array of dipoles, and a continuous line current. We detail the solution for the line current source where we obtain the scattered field by numerical integration, the far-zone approximation using steepest descents, and the excited current by numerical integration. We also show that the solution of an infinite number of phased dipoles approaches the continuous line source excitation. For the continuous line source case, we assume an infinite traveling wave line current. We also assume that the current magnitude and phase are not affected by the existence of the nearby wire. The current travels with a speed less than the speed of light in the surrounding medium. The wire is infinitely long and infinitesimally thin, and is located a distance d from the line source. We solve for the scattered field both numerically and approximately using steepest descents. We then add corrections to the saddle point approximation through two different approaches. We also solve numerically for the coupled current on the wire. Finally, we produce plots that allow us to compare the levels of the field with and without the wire present. Our problem could serve as a prelude to investigation of a traveling wave of current and an array of parallel wires. However, such a problem is quite different since the physical configuration would then allow the presence of guided waves.
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Kwan, Elaine. "Production of nuclei near the neutron drip-line by projectile fragmentation." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, 2006.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 20, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-130). Also issued in print.
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Oser, Kameron L. "Doubling of block copolymer line patterns by electron-beam-fabricated templates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100689.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2015.<br>"September 2014." Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 54-58).<br>The doubling of block copolymer (BCP) line patterns by electron-beam-fabricated template patterns is presented. Difficulties in achieving low defect self-assembly within the narrow line patterns are discussed. To address these issues, experimental approaches were investigated of narrowing the polymer's minority block through solvent annealing, and adjusting length of the polymer brush responsible for functionalizing the template lines. While narrowed polymer lines were not achieved through solvent annealing, low defect self-assembly of BCP within doubling template patterns was achieved by utilizing a polymer brush of high molecular weight (28 kg mol -1).<br>by Kameron L. Oser.<br>M. Eng.
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Zhang, Haiyan. "Determination of control characteristics of shop models by tow line tests." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300505.
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Mörel, Zeynep. "Platelet adhesion to various surfaces studied by on-line acoustic wave sensor." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/MQ45517.pdf.
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Chiang, Hsin-Chien, and 江行健. "Towards polarization spectral line-by-line pulse shaping." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53553547289708960021.
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Wang, Bing-Hsiao. "Broadband Slot Arrays Fed by Microstrip Line." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2207200814425800.
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Wang, Bing-Hsiao, and 汪秉孝. "Broadband Slot Arrays Fed by Microstrip Line." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15910676299809835340.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電信工程學研究所<br>96<br>The broadband designs of half-wavelength slot array and quarter-wavelength slot array are proposed in this thesis. The slot elements are offset-fed by microstrip line to obtain the wider impedance bandwidth. Furthermore, the impedance bandwidth of the array antennas which composed of the slot elements can be wider. It can be kept stable that the radiation gain and the radiation pattern of the proposed half-wavelength slot array in the impedance band. Besides, it is formed a quasi-open circuit of the slotline by the truncated ground plane. The size of the slot element and the composed array can be compact, and the impedance bandwidth can be improved. Plane sheet is used as a reflector to make the slot array unidirectional radiation. The bandwidth of the proposed quarter-wavelength slot array is wider than the half-wavelength slot array. And it is also kept stable that the radiation gains and the radiation pattern. A plane sheet is used as a reflector which cancels the backed radiation and improves the radiation gain to make the slot array unidirectional radiation. The design details of the above slot array antennas are depth discussed in this thesis and are proved with the simulation and measurement results.
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洪士峰. "Detection of In-line Out-of-control Processes by Monitoring the End-of-line Yield Data." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97370108474034155369.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>工業工程學研究所<br>90<br>In this research, we focus on designing a Statistical Process Control (SPC) scheme to detect in-line out-of-control processes by monitoring the end-of-line yield data. Since the end-of-line product lot sequence order is different from the in-line lot order and the lot sequence orders are also different among in-line processes. We first investigate the effects of sequence disorder. We then propose to use the moving t statistic as the test statistic to reduce the false alarms on the in-control processes. We will develop two testing rules for moving t chart. We use simulations to estimate the average run lengths (ARL’s) of the testing rules. Based on the ARL’s, we suggest the optimal parameters of testing rules for use in practice.
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Hsu, Ying-Chi, and 徐英綺. "On-Line Quality Detection of Coating Film by Line-Scan Dynamic Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70654434351046593270.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>應用力學研究所<br>102<br>The purposes of coating process are modifying the surface properties and adding the product value. Since wet coating process has the advantages of low cost, fast production and high material utilization rate, it has been widely used in the industry. Moreover, the trend of coating process includes thinner, multilayer, patterned or specially structured coating; however, the product defects are generally detected after the whole fabrication process due to the lack of on-line measuring system that leads to the increase of material waste and cost. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop an on-line detecting system, which can be applied for the real-time measurement of precision coating film. The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technique was used since SD-OCT has the advantages of non-contact, obtaining depth information without scanning and continuous measurement, and has great potential for on-line detecting method. We further proposed a prototype of line-scanning method, instead of the traditional point-scanning method, in order that the on-line fast measurement of the whole coating film could be achieved for the real applications.
The specifications of this line-scan SD-OCT are: 5.3 mm width of scanning line with resolution of 100 μm (that could be further enhanced by adopting lens with higher magnification), the depth direction measurement range of ± 250 μm with resolution of 2.78 μm, and the measuring frequency of 30 Hz, (that is limited by the frame rate of charge couple device (CCD)). Real coating films on the plastic subtract and three-dimensional structures were measured to prove its use. It is expected to bring a new impact on the on-line precision measurement for industries in the future.
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Chien, Yun, and 簡韻. "Line Drawing Simplification by Stroke Translation and Combination." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80347038729765316660.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>多媒體工程研究所<br>100<br>In this thesis, we propose a new algorithm for simplifying line drawing sketches. First, if user want to segment, we segment the strokes at the points of large curvature. Then, we perform a low-pass filter and use the result to assign a weight to every stroke. The strokes are moved to the position of the higher weight. After that, we find the stroke pairs and combine them to reduce the total number of the strokes, resulting in a cleaner line drawing art. This system also cuts down the disordered and confusing small strokes and combines them to form long strokes.
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Zeng, Wei-Ya, and 曾微雅. "Line, in progress - Artworks by Wei-Ya Zeng." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h4m5t6.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣藝術大學<br>書畫系造形藝術碩士班<br>106<br>This paper, entitled "Line, in Progress", means that human life is like a life line stringing together through fragments. Each fragment of life, in the present moment blending into the timeline axis. It may be black or white or colorful, depending on what circumstances each one face of the individual to sputter various possibilities.
This "line" has always been an ongoing process.
“Line”, is the subject of the author's scope of study and the theme of this work, and "In progress" is a kind of "ongoing" style with dynamic and temporal characteristics. The author's creative media and more common in everyday life objects. Such as: written exams, books read, used disposable contact lens cases, tapes, plastic sheets, hemp rope, cotton, gauze, sawdust, cats, straw, cigarette butts ... and so on. I Will collect all kinds of elements to destroy by destructing, reconstructing, weaving and drawing into their own object painting vocabulary. Through the author's placement, arrangement, the subject freely dialogue to each other in space.
This creation derives from the psychological trauma of childhood as a panic disorder in adulthood. It is healed through the actions of the dismantling in the creation, and it repels the accumulated regrets and pains in the work and maintains a balance in the symbolic community. In order to build a new order, in this context: "I will abjection the past and want to reorganize the new order for the future."
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Hsu, Zhao-Huei, and 許招揮. "Adjustable delayed line phase shifter by active inductors." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23207154992350732911.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>103<br>This thesis is presented realizing adjustable delay line phase shifter by adopting tunable active inductors. The first topic discussed in this thesis is the topologies of active inductors. The characteristics of active inductors can be represented by empirical quality factor equation. The Q value of active inductor is more than thirty times higher than those of spiral ones, it can be reached 500, besides also analysis and discuss the tunability of circuit. The active inductor investigated in this study was implemented by TSMC 0.18μm CMOS. The second part of this thesis is focused on the phase shifter embedded with adjustable high-pass filtering feature by applying active inductors mentioned in the first part. The delay time of the phase shifter can be changed by tuning the transistor’s gate voltage of active inductors. The fluctuation of output amplitude is within 2dB, and the phase delayed by phase shifter can be 70∘
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Chiu, Yu-Lan, and 邱鈺嵐. "Watermarking by using line screen with varied spaces." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72867005731206309902.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>圖文傳播學系<br>104<br>With the rapid growth of information technology, more and more sophisticated machines for image duplication are created to enable image reproduction in an efficient and convenient way. However, it raises a serious threat on intellectual property right. The purpose of this study is to compose digital watermarks with varied line spaces by digital halftoning in an effort to protect copyright and ensure anti-counterfeiting security. To design the line screen watermarks, we finetune varied line spaces between 1 to 6-pixel, and the Human visual system (HVS) is used to evaluate the hiding effect. Then the decrypt can be carried out by lenticular lens, copy machine and smart phone, ultimately leading to the strengthening of anti-counterfeiting mechanism of security documents. The results show that using varied line spaces screen to encrypt messages in documents can provide useful anti-counterfeiting features. The proposed method can be used to develop value-added products.
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Chen, Jian Jia, and 陳建家. "On-line Emotion Recognition System by Physiological Signals." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42710914819172773093.
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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>資訊科學學系<br>97<br>A living smart environment should be able to provide thoughtful services by considering different states of emotions. The goal of our research is to develop an emotion recognition system which can detect the internal emotion states from external varieties of physiological data.
First we applied the dimensional analysis approach and adopted IAPS (International Affective Picture System) to manipulate psychological experiments. We collected physiological data and subjective ratings for arousal and valence from 20 subjects. We proposed an emotion recognition learning algorithm. It would extract each pattern of emotions from cross validation training and can further learn adaptively by feeding personalized testing data. We measured the learning trend of each subject. The recognition rate reveals incremental enhancement. Furthermore, we adopted a dimensional to discrete emotion transforming concept for validating the subjective rating. Compared to the experiment results of related works, our system outperforms both in dimensional and discrete analyses.
Most importantly, the system is implemented based on wireless physiological sensors for mobile usage. This system can reflect the image of emotion states in order to provide on-line smart services.
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Lin, Chyi-Taur, and 林祺濤. "A Study on Data transmission by Power Line." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07881770229968358481.
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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>電腦與通訊工程所<br>91<br>A Study on Data Transmission by Power Line
Student：Chyi-Taur Lin Advisors：Dr. Wei-Chih Hsu
Department of Computer and Communication Engineering
National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology
英文摘要
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a characteristical measurement of power line to probe the possibility as a kind of communicational medium. The electric potential attenuation of power line against frequency has been measured by means of signal generator, frequency counter, and ocsilloscope. We wrote a program to measure the byte-loss rates of the server-to-client data transmission on the power lines with different lengths. Besides,we also investigated the influences of no-fuse breaker and the power with different phases on data transmission.
In application, we constructed a PC-based power line communicator to control a programmable message sign. The alphanumerical characters were sent from the computer to the message sign for display. We also programmed a timing corrector to actively or passively transmit the date and the time of the server computer to the client computer for alignment. The experiments show that power line is capable of data transmission.
The experimental results reveal that the electrical attenuation of power line varies with frequency. The transmission distance and the numbers of connected appliances also affect the loss rate of data transmission.
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Chen, Mao-Chuan, and 陳茂泉. "Risk Analysis of Live Line Insulator Washing by –the Case of an air line company in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57748408729233316070.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工學院產業安全與防災學程<br>100<br>Helicopter live line insulator cleaning is a kind of special flying operation. It can ensure the quality of the electricity transportation system of the electricity company. By using it will not waste electricity and can avoid power supply suspending which will lead to influence the development of industry–commerce and house living quality. At the same time, it will reduce the emission of CO2. With the progressive operation and advanced technical development, it can increase the effectiveness of insulator washing and replace the inconvenience of manual cleaning operation. This kind of flying operation makes a huge sacrifice to maintain the stability of electricity transportation.
The working partners and equipments move continuously owing to the aerial working process. Therefore, workers should pay more attention to the safety due to the change of working spots. This operation is handled totally by workers and just like an airborne stunt. There must be a good cooperation relationship between team workers not only in the air but also at ground to avoid serious disasters.
This thesis is to investigate the working process of the helicopter live line insulator cleaning. We understand the working process and confirm it as a system by focusing on the hazards of enterprise management and making use of the analysis and observation of practical working safety and various kind of risk assessments. From the beginning of plan and design, we use preliminary hazard analysis and what-if brainstorming to identify the initial hazards and risk assessments. We also use FMEA to analyze the system hazards digitally and the methods of hazards controlling to reduce the hazards to endurable and acceptable condition. In this way, this will match the analysis of events happened annually.
In the end, we hope to combine the operation resource from the air and ground and use the system of TOSHMS to attain the goal of “0” item risk and establish one set of essential safety operation system .
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Tzung-Ming, Lai. "60GHz Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna Fed By Microstrip-Line." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1407200517285200.
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Mu, Wei-Yu, and 穆威宇. "Circularly Polarized Patch Array Antenna Fed by Microstrip Line." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39390486878014567355.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電信工程學研究所<br>94<br>Because of its ability of reducing the multipath reflections and several kinds of interference, circular polarization (CP) has been widely used in many applications of microwave frequencies recently. Microstrip antennas are also widely known of their advantages like low profile, light weight, simple structure, and easy to integrate with other circuits. However the narrow bandwidth is an undesirable disadvantage that limits seriously the application of the microstrip antenna.
In order to overcome this undesirable disadvantage of microstrip antenna, sequentially rotated feeding technique is used to increase both the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth.
In this thesis, several kinds of wide-bandwidth and high-gain circularly polarized patch array antenna with sequentially rotated feeding technique fed by the microstrip line are presented. They preserve both the advantages of the circular polarization and the microstrip antenna, and are very suitable for microwave and millimeter-wave applications.
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Lai, Tzung-Ming, and 賴宗民. "60GHz Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna Fed By Microstrip-Line." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79662606738977730585.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電信工程學研究所<br>93<br>In this thesis, a circularly polarized patch antenna fed by a microstrip-line is designed for the 60GHz (V-Band) communication system. In order to increase the bandwidth and polarization purity, a wide bandwidth microstrip-line fed circularly polarized patch array is proposed by combining the principle of sequential rotation technique and the 90° phase delay line for spatial rotation.
Based on the cavity model, the Helmholtz’s equation is solved to obtain the modes exist in the circular cavity resonator. From the mode analysis results, the electric current distribution patterns on the patch and the ground plane are computed. Because we need increase the bandwidth and the polarization purity, a microstrip-line fed circularly polarized patch array is proposed by employing the principle of sequential rotation technique. The simulated and measured return losses are presented for an 1x2 array with and without sequential rotation technique. Significant increase in the return loss bandwidth is found in the array with sequential rotation.
Because the proposed antenna is fed by the microstrip-line, in addition to the advantages of simple structure, lightweight, low profile, easy to combine with the circuit, and fabricate, this antenna is especially suitable for millimeter-wave application.
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Tseng, Shih-Hsuan, and 曾士軒. "THE STUDY OF HUMIDITY SENSOR BY SAW DELAY LINE." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73030189463456435755.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>88<br>Reliable humidity or gas detection is becoming great important in environment control. In particular, precise humidity detection is necessary in the industry of high technology and food. Among the commercialized semiconductor material, Tin dioxide is usually been fabricated as resistive type or capacitive type detector to detect oxidizing/reducing gas due to high sensitivity of gas or humidity at high temperature. But it has some disadvantages like operating at high temperature and slow response time. These disadvantages could be improved by using the SAW based sensor and SAW sensor has other wider applications. These are the motivation of this thesis.
SAW, firstly discovered by Lord Rayleigh in 1887, has been widely used in communication field such as radar, pager and mobile phone. Recently, the application of SAW sensor is more and more important. SAW sensor, not only has the advantage of operating at room temperature and high sensitivity but also the wireless detection application of poison gas in poor environment due to its RF outstanding characteristics. The SAW delay-line structure with uniform IDT overlap is facilitate to design and fabricate among various SAW device. It is considered that raising the successful probability of fabricating and lowering the cost of SAW device when using this simple structure.
Zinc Oxide, which has strong piezoelectric effect and can be sputtered on a variety of substrates, is a nature choice as the piezoelectric film layer in recent years. The Corning 7059 glass substrate, whose thermal expansion coefficient is nearly equal to that of ZnO single crystal, is usually chosen as the substrate for ZnO thin film. According to the above reasons, we use the piezoelectric ZnO thin film accompanying Corning 7059 glass substrate with similar thermal expansion coefficient as the main structure of SAW delay-line in this thesis.
Through highly preferred orientation ZnO thin film and the interdigital transducers fabricated by lift-off process to form the SAW delay-line structure. Depositing the sputtered SnO2 and spin coated hygroscopic polymer between two IDTs to observe the humidity sensing characteristics in frequency, insertion loss and phase by network analyzer. Besides, the discussing of the influence of humidity using different combinations of semiconductor thin films and the interaction mechanism between water vapor and different sensing materials will be included in this thesis.
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"Suppression of transmission line galloping by support compliance design." Tulane University, 1987.
Find full textAbstract:
Galloping is a large amplitude, low frequency oscillation induced by aerodynamic forces. It is often caused by the accumulation of ice on the transmission line which in turn modifies the cross sectional shape of the conductor as well as the aerodynamic forces The effect of suspension stiffness on galloping amplitude was investigated by testing of twenty-five pairs of suspension supports with various horizontal and vertical stiffnesses. A dynamic model of galloping motion was simulated by the finite difference method The experiments were concentrated on conventional galloping which satisfies the Den Hartog criterion. Ice on the conductor was simulated using aluminum and wooden 'D'-shaped blocks. For each combination of horizontal and vertical stiffness, a scale experimental transmission line galloping test was carried out at six different values of tension in the conductor. A data acquisition system was used to record midspan displacement and support forces The frequency response of the initial excitation was obtained by performing a Fast Fourier Transform on the displacement data. The galloping profile was shown by using displacement cross plot at midspan. The Root Mean Square amplitude and the Fast Fourier Transform were computed for longer term galloping behavior The experimental results showed the amplitude of galloping can be reduced to half or one quarter by choosing the proper suspension stiffness. Detuning (nonharmonic motion) was always found at lower tension in the cable. The vertical and horizontal displacement motion of conventional galloping was either in phase or 180 degrees out of phase The results of experiment were compared with simulation model and agreed in the range of angle of attack which produced galloping and in the decrease in galloping amplitude resulting from increasing cable tension at higher cable tension. Although the results of the experiment and simulation were similar, the amplitude of the galloping produced by simulation was much larger than that recorded in the experiment. It is believed that the large difference was due to complicated wave interaction at the boundary in the experiment and simplifying assumption of constant initial angle of attack used in the simulation. The simplifying assumptions were necessary because of limitation of computing resources and integrating method of solving stiff differential equations. However, the results of the experiment and the simulation both show the strong influence of support stiffness on galloping amplitude<br>acase@tulane.edu
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Sinha, Pritish. "Characterisation of Block Copolymers by On-line HPLC-NMR." Phd thesis, 2009. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/1902/1/Doktorarbeit_Pritish_Sinha_Juni_2009.pdf.
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Block copolymers are macromolecules consisting of two or more chemically different polymer segments of a single type of monomer unit, covalently bound together. They represent a versatile class of functional materials for a multitude of applications because they combine the properties of incompatible but well known polymers. Among other properties, the ability of these polymers to modify interfacial properties and to enhance the compatibility of polymer blends makes this polymer type attractive for applications ranging from thermoplastic elastomers, information storage, drug delivery and photonic materials. With the development of living anionic polymerisation1 the synthesis of block copolymers, especially those with complex architectures, has recently received increased attention due to interests in both academia and industry. Diblock copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [PS-b-PMMA] have been extensively used to make templates for fabrication of nanostructured materials.2 Block copolymers of polyisoprene (PI) and PMMA [PI-b-PMMA] have been used as emulsifiers for the fabrication of polyester nanoparticles.3 Copolymers of PI-b-PMMA are interesting because they can be used for rubber production, as effective compatibilisers for natural rubber/acrylic polymer blends4, and as potential materials for medical applications5. Diblock copolymers of PS and PI [PS-b-PI] are thermoplastic elastomers. Chemical modification of these polymers, for example sulphonation, can give access to functional materials. These block copolymers can be used as templates for nanolithographic processes6. Block copolymers are complex materials. The physical properties of block copolymers are determined by their molecular characteristics, such as molar mass, chemical composition and chain architecture. In order to establish a detailed relationship between the molecular characteristics and macroscopic properties of a block copolymer, it is essential to perform a comprehensive analysis to determine their chemical composition distribution (CCD) and molar mass distribution (MMD). Generally, block copolymers are synthesised by sequential monomer addition, in which several factors should be controlled effectively, including the initiation efficiency of the macroinitiator (MI), the desired total molar mass and the molar mass distribution of each block. Standard characterisation methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cannot differentiate the block copolymer from homopolymer blends. In other words, they cannot determine the existence of unreacted macroinitiator and/or the newly generated homopolymers in the final block copolymer product7. Since the 1950’s, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has emerged as a powerful technique to analyse various molecular distributions in synthetic (co)polymers. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is the most prevalent example of the use of HPLC for polymer characterisation separating macromolecules with regard to their hydrodynamic volume in solution. Because of the simple relationship between hydrodynamic volume and the molar mass for linear homopolymers, SEC has become the established method to determine the molar mass and MMD of synthetic polymers8. However; two intrinsic reasons hinder SEC from being an effective tool in fully characterising block copolymers. The first reason is the low resolution of SEC, which in most cases cannot fully separate the block copolymer from its precursor macroinitiator. The second reason is that the hydrodynamic volume of a copolymer is influenced by both molar mass and chemical composition. Specifically, SEC cannot provide information on the MMD of each individual block in the block copolymer. Therefore, new HPLC methods, such as liquid adsorption chromatography (LAC)9-11,14 and liquid chromatography at critical conditions (LC-CC)26,44 were developed, which consider the contribution of the enthalpic interactions between the analyte and the stationary phase in the column as a factor for polymer separation. Since chromatographic methods do not provide information about the microstructure of the monomer units in the block copolymers it is necessary to couple these selective separation techniques on-line with spectroscopic techniques such as NMR. The on-line coupling of HPLC and 1H-NMR is a powerful and time saving tool for the analysis of complex mixtures. To our knowledge, there are no applications of LC-CC-NMR for the characterisation of block copolymers yet. The main focus of this research work is to develop chromatographic methods for the characterisation of block copolymers. The developed separation methods are then directly coupled on-line with 1H-NMR for fast and complete characterisation of these copolymers. In the first experimental chapter PS-b-PMMA copolymers will be investigated. These block copolymers are synthesised by living anionic polymerisation. When block copolymers are synthesised by this method in addition to the copolymer there is also a possibility for the formation of homopolymer fractions. To get an exhaustive description of the MMD and CCD of the block copolymers as well as the homopolymers formed during synthesis, chromatographic techniques shall be developed and coupled with NMR to comprehensively characterise the samples. By using chromatography at critical conditions the copolymers shall be separated from the corresponding homopolymers. The sizes of the individual blocks shall be calculated. By using NMR as detector the tacticity of the PMMA block in the block copolymers shall be analysed selectively. In the second experimental chapter blends of homopolymers of 1,4-PI and 3,4-PI will be investigated. Chromatographic techniques shall be developed for separation of these blends. The homopolymers of 1,4-PI and 3,4-PI are not homogeneous and each of them contains different isomeric structures of monomeric units such as 1,4-PI, 3,4-PI and 1,2-PI. The chemical composition of the blends and the microstructure of the homopolymers shall be determined by NMR. PS-b-PI copolymers will be investigated in the third experimental chapter. These copolymers are synthesised by two different approaches: sequential living anionic polymerisation and coupling of living precursor blocks. When the copolymers are synthesised by these methods homopolymers are also formed. Samples shall then be analysed by developing chromatographic methods. The block lengths of the individual blocks, the chemical composition of the block copolymers and the microstructure of the PI blocks shall be analysed. The fourth experimental chapter is dedicated to the analysis of PI-b-PMMA copolymers. These block copolymers are synthesised by living anionic polymerisation. New chromatographic methods shall be developed for the analysis of these samples. By coupling chromatographic techniques with NMR the block lengths of the individual blocks as well as the chemical composition of the copolymers shall be calculated. By using NMR as detector the microstructure of the individual blocks shall be identified and calculated.
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Chen, Chien-Hsuan, and 陳鍵萱. "Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma Cell Line Induced by Luteolin." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42595086986851299512.
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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>天然藥物研究所<br>90<br>In order to develop therapeutical drugs for liver cancer, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of luteolin, 2-(3,4-Dihydro xyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1- benzopyran-4-one, on human hepatoma cell lines. Five different human hepatoma cell lines, namely HepG2, SK-HEP-1, PLC/PRF/5, Hep 3B and HA22T/VGH were used as target cells. The colorimetric assay that involved reduction of XTT tetrazolium to soluble orange formazan was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of luteolin.
The results indicated that luteolin exhibited potent anti-hepatoma activity, and also found that luteolin expressed different levels of cytotoxicity on five human hepatoma cell lines. According to the results, luteolin displayed predominant cytotoxicity against HBV-DNA(+) hepatoma cell lines of PLC/PRF/5 and Hep 3B with IC50 values of 8.40, 15.04μg/ml, respectively. Besides, this study showed that luteolin-treated PLC/PRF/5 cells exhibited typical changes of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis exhibited a prominent apoptotic marker (sub-G1 peak) after luteolin treatment. After gel electrophoresis, the fragmented DNA showed a characteristic ladder pattern. Cell cycle analysis revealed that luteolin induced PLC/PRF/5 cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase.
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LIN, YUE-TING, and 林裕庭. "Line parameters calculation by a modifide boundary element method." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36561185391673415892.
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Zeng, Yi-Ting, and 曾乙庭. "Damage Detection of Beam by the Influence Line Method." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2d9e57.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>土木工程研究所<br>97<br>Damage assessment of structure is an important task for the maintenance and management of bridge system. An influence line type inspection technique is developed in this thesis. The displacement influence line at a point in the span of a beam structure is measured first. Through the second derivative of this displacement influence line with respect to the spatial variable along the beam, both the locations and the severities of crack damage can be clearly identified. The feasibility and accuracy of this damage assessment technique are verified both theoretically and numerically of beams with various prestress states. The second Castigliano’s theorem is applied to calculate the displacement influence line of beams with various prestress conditions and damages. Due to the measurement noise, the capability of damage identification from experimental data is not as impressive as it shown in the numerical and theoretical investigations. However, this scanning type damage assessment technique by the influence line response provides a possible manner to improve the inspection efficiency if the effect from measurement noise can be reduced in the future.
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HUANG, TE-CHENG, and 黃德政. "Evaluation of Ground Vibration Induced by Taipei WenHu MRT Line." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64875712531046097780.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>土木工程研究所<br>99<br>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavior of ground vibration induced by Taipei Wenhu MRT Line. Both near-field vibration and far-field wave propagation are examined for bridge with deep foundations. The geological conditions include alluvial soils, gravelly soils, and rock and mainly consist of soft ground. The effects of train speed, soil type, structure type, trains intersection, and frequency dependence are further analyzed.
For near-field vibration, the train speed, between 55 and 66 km/h, presents no significant effect to vibration. However, the effect of soil type to vibration can be observed. The results show that the harder the soil, the lower the vibration is. In addition, the vibration control frequency for U-beam superstructure is at high frequency range, while box-beam is at middle and low frequency ranges. Furthermore, the vibration level increases 1~2 dB when two trains intersect.
For far-field wave propagation, the wave attenuation coefficients of alluvium, gravel and rock are in the range of 0.0041~0.0053 (1/m), 0.0021~0.0023 (1/m) and 0.0030 (1/m), respectively. The attenuation coefficient is inversely related to the ground shear wave velocity. Moreover, the Bornitz equation shows reasonable results for vibration attenuation evaluation. The regression results show that the vibration influence distance becomes larger when ground shear wave velocity increases. Comparing the results of this study and high-speed trains, the results reveal that the wave propagation on Wenhu MRT Line is comparable to high-speed trains on embankment structures, but somewhat difference between Wenhu MRT Line and high-speed trains on bridge structures.
Finally, this study also examines the prediction model suggested by CECI Engineering Consultants, Inc., Taiwan. The measured results present that the prediction model over-estimates the near-field vibration and under-estimates the far-field vibration. This study suggests that it can be more accurate to predict the ground vibration using each frequency or the low-middle-high frequency ranges for analysis.
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Chun-HungWu and 吳俊宏. "On-Line Coke Size Evaluation by Using Digital Image Processing." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79669198088077448533.
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