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Journal articles on the topic 'Line commutated converter (LCC)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Li, Huan, and Kang Qin. "Dynamic Phasor Modelling of LCC-HVDC System Based on a Practical Project." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125601034.

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This paper presents a detailed dynamic phasor modeling process of a line-commutated converter-based HVDC (LCC-HVDC) system. Firstly, the dynamic phasor models of the single-ended LCC rectifier station, inverter station and the DC line are established, respectively. Secondly, LCC-HVDC is an AC-DC-AC system. The interfaces are explained to connect the converter stations with the DC line. Through block modeling, it is helpful to simplify the process and verify the accuracy of each block. Finally, based on a practical project, the model is compared with the electromagnetic-transient (EMT) simulati

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2

Oni, Oluwafemi Emmanuel, Kamati I. Mbangula, and Innocent E. Davidson. "A Review of LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC Technologies and Applications." Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering 1, no. 3 (2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v1i3.29.

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High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems has been an alternative method of transmitting electric power from one location to another with some inherent advantages over AC transmission systems. The efficiency and rated power carrying capacity of direct current transmission lines highly depends on the converter used in transforming the current from one form to another (AC to DC and vice versa). A well configured converter reduces harmonics, increases power transfer capabilities, and reliability in that it offers high tolerance to fault along the line. Different HVDC converter topologies have be

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3

Wang, Zongze, Zhanqing Yu, Lu Qu, et al. "Control strategy of novel hybrid commutated converter based on reverse blocking integrated gate commutated thyristor for commutation failure mitigation." High Voltage 10, no. 3 (2025): 546–54. https://doi.org/10.1049/hve2.70047.

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AbstractCommutation failure (CF) is an inherent problem faced by line commutated converter high voltage direct current (LCC‐HVDC) technology. To completely solve the problem of CF, we have proposed a novel hybrid commutated converter (HCC) technology based on reverse blocking integrated gate commutated thyristor, which can utilise two methods for commutation: enhanced grid voltage commutation and active turn‐off forced commutation. In this paper, the topology and operating principle of HCC are proposed. Then, the control and protection strategy is designed based on the current variation trend

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4

Xiao, Liang, Yan Li, Huangqing Xiao, Zheren Zhang, and Zheng Xu. "Electromechanical Transient Modeling of Line Commutated Converter-Modular Multilevel Converter-Based Hybrid Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082102.

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A method for electromechanical modeling of line commutated converter (LCC)-modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based hybrid multi-terminal High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC) systems for large-scale power system transient stability study is proposed. Firstly, the general idea of modeling the LCC-MMC hybrid multi-terminal HVDC system is presented, then the AC-side and DC-side models of the LCC/MMC are established. Different from the conventional first-order DC-side model of the MMC, an improved second-order DC-side model of the MMC is established. Besides considering the firing angle

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5

Yan, Ming, Songge Huang, Wenbin Yang, Chenyi Tang, Jianan Jiang, and Yaolu He. "A Novel Capacitor-Commutated Converter Based on Submodule-Cascaded STATCOM." Electronics 14, no. 13 (2025): 2646. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132646.

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To address the challenge of a conventional line-commutated converter (LCC), unable to operate properly in connection with a very weak AC system, the technology of the capacitor-commutated converter (CCC) was widely utilized in 1990s. The topology of the CCC is constructed as a conventional LCC modified with a series capacitor between the converter transformer and the thyristor valves in each phase. Additional phase voltage can be generated on the capacitor to assist the process of the commutation. However, the CCC technology may experience continuous commutation failure due to the uncontrolled

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6

Gao, Shuping, Xiaofang Li, Guobing Song, Han Zheng, and Yunqing Duan. "Hybrid Multi-Infeed Receiver Line Longitudinal Protection Scheme Based on Voltage Waveform Comprehensive Distance Similarity." Sensors 24, no. 5 (2024): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051601.

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The coupling of AC and DC power will impact the protective actions on the AC side and pose a threat to the stable operation of the interconnection system. Therefore, a new longitudinal protection method is proposed based on the comprehensive distance similarity of voltage waveforms. Initially, the measured voltage and current data are extracted to calculate the reference voltage, and the voltage waveform fitting is optimized. Subsequently, the Euclidean dynamic time warp (DTW) distance and entropy weight method are utilized to process the voltage waveform, enabling the calculation of its compr

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7

Zhang, Wei, and Dong Wang. "S-Transform Based Traveling Wave Directional Pilot Protection for Hybrid LCC-MMC-HVDC Transmission Line." Energies 15, no. 13 (2022): 4802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134802.

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In this paper, the traveling wave protection issue of a hybrid high-voltage direct-current transmission line based on the line-commutated converter and modular multilevel converter is investigated. Generally, traveling wave protection based on voltage variation criterion, voltage variation rate criterion and current variation rate criterion is applied on hybrid high-voltage direct-current transmission lines as primary protection. There are two issues that should be addressed: (i) it has no fault direction identification capability which may cause wrong operation regarding external faults; and

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8

Shu, Hongchun, Junjie Zhang, and Yaoxi Jiang. "A Novel Sub-Module-Based Line-Commutated Converter That Is Actively Resistant to Commutation Failure." Actuators 14, no. 8 (2025): 363. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14080363.

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To improve the ability of line-commutated converters (LCCs) to resist commutation failure (CF) when a fault occurs on the AC side, a novel sub-module-based LCC topology actively resistant to CF is proposed in this paper. The control strategy and the parameters of the proposed sub-module are elaborately designed. The proposed LCC topology can actively resist CF by providing an auxiliary commutation voltage to the AC side, and the sub-module is conducive to the rapid recovery of the thyristor’s forward blocking ability. Additionally, the initial capacitor voltage of the sub-module is designed op

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9

Zhao, Jingbo, Ke Xu, and Wenbo Li. "Research on the Power Coordinate Control Strategy between a CLCC-HVDC and a VSC-HVDC during the AC Fault Period." Energies 17, no. 17 (2024): 4478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17174478.

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The underlying cause of commutation failures in traditional line-commutated converter (LCC) high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission technology lies in the sensitivity of the thyristor devices, which are prone to turning off, thereby restoring the forward circuit breaker capability. This paper presents a coordination strategy between a controllable line-commutated converter (CLCC) and a voltage-sourced converter (VSC) and delves into the fault characteristics specific to CLCC damage. Our research focuses on CLCC topology, where fully controlled devices are incorporated to manage the thy

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10

Yan, Ming, Zheren Zhang, and Zheng Xu. "Calculation of Main Circuit Steady-State Parameters for Capacitor Commutated Converter System." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021171.

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The calculation of the main circuit parameters is the basic part of the engineering design for high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Compared to the conventional line commutated converter (LCC), the application of the capacitor commutated converter (CCC) can reduce the probability of commutation failures and the shunt capacitor reactive compensation. This paper proposes a calculation method of main circuit parameters for the CCC-based HVDC system. Firstly, the topology of a CCC-HVDC transmission system is described. Secondly, based on the steady-state mathematical model of t

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11

Li, Huan, and Kang Qin. "Influence of Inverter Controller Parameters on the Small-signal Stability of LCC-HVDC System Based on a Practical Project." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125601031.

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Unreasonable control parameters of the Line Commutated Converter based High Voltage Direct Current (LCC-HVDC) system may induce small-signal instability. This paper studies the impact of inverter controller parameters on steady response of the LCC-HVDC system under weak AC grid condition. Firstly, according to a practical project, the small-signal model of LCC-HVDC system is established based on the switching function. Then, the eigen-analysis method is adopted to study the impact of the controller parameters on the inverter side on the oscillation mode and damping characteristics of the LCC s

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12

Yang, Zhichao, Bingtuan Gao, and Zeyu Cao. "Optimal Current Allocation Strategy for Hybrid Hierarchical HVDC System with Parallel Operation of High-Voltage and Low-Voltage DC Lines." Processes 10, no. 3 (2022): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10030579.

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For long-distance and bulk-power delivery of new energy, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a more effective way than high-voltage alternative current (HVAC). In view of the current capacity disparity between line commutated converter (LCC) and voltage source converter (VSC), a hybrid hierarchical HVDC topology with parallel operation of 800 kV and 400 kV DC lines is investigated. The optimal current allocation method for hybrid hierarchical HVDC is proposed distinct from the same rated current command configuration method of high-voltage and low-voltage converters in traditional topology.

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13

Haleem, Naushath M., Athula D. Rajapakse, Aniruddha M. Gole, and Ioni T. Fernando. "A Selective Fault Clearing Scheme for a Hybrid VSC-LCC Multi-Terminal HVdc System." Energies 13, no. 14 (2020): 3554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143554.

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A selective fault clearing scheme is proposed for a hybrid voltage source converter (VSC)-line commutated converter (LCC) multi-terminal high voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission structure in which two small capacity VSC stations tap into the main transmission line of a high capacity LCC-HVdc link. The use of dc circuit breakers (dc CBs) on the branches connecting to VSCs at the tapping points is explored to minimize the impact of tapping on the reliability of the main LCC link. This arrangement allows clearing of temporary faults on the main LCC line as usual by force retardation of the

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14

Luo, Yongjian, Chengxi Liu, Zaiyu He, Youjin Jiang, and Qi Chen. "Power Flow Calculation for AC/DC Power Systems with Line-Commutated Converter–Modular Multilevel Converter (LCC-MMC) Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Based on the Holomorphic Embedding Method." Electronics 13, no. 10 (2024): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101877.

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To harness the strengths and mitigate the limitations of line-commutated converter (LCC) and modular multilevel converter (MMC) HVDC systems, the LCC-MMC hybrid HVDC system has been developed. This paper proposes a holomorphic embedding (HE)-based power flow calculation method for AC/DC power systems with the LCC-MMC hybrid HVDC system. Firstly, the methodology involves establishing the mathematical model of the LCC-MMC hybrid HVDC system and its control modes. Subsequently, the HE formulation for the constructed LCC-MMC model is derived using the HE method. The proposed method simplifies the

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15

Fang, Hui, Hongji Xiang, Zhiwei Lei, Junpeng Ma, Zhongyi Wen, and Shunliang Wang. "Evaluation Approach and Controller Design Guidelines for Subsequent Commutation Failure in Hybrid Multi-Infeed HVDC System." Electronics 13, no. 17 (2024): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173456.

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Due to the difference in output characteristics between the line-commutated converter-based high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) and voltage-source converter-based high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC), the hybrid multi-infeed high-voltage direct current (HMIDC) presents complex coupling characteristics. As the AC side is disturbed, the commutation failure (CF) occurring on the LCC side is the main factor threatening the safe operation of the system. In this paper, the simplified equivalent network model of HMIDC is established by analyzing the output characteristics of VSC and LCC. Hereaft

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16

Oni, Oluwafemi E., Andrew G. Swanson, and Rudiren Pillay Carpanen. "Line Commutated Converter Response during Total and Partial De-Blocking of a Bipolar MTDC System." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 52 (January 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.52.49.

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This paper focuses on the fault blocking analysis and operational issues associated with MTDC systems incorporated in an AC network. The dynamic modelling of a line-commutated converter based bipolar multi-terminal direct current (LCC MTDC) system are shown, and the dynamic response of the converter during a DC converter fault is discussed. The converter controller design for both rectifiers and the inverters system was modelled for a realistic active power and extinction angle (γ) control with consideration to the VI characteristics of all the converter stations. An overall power controller w

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17

Oliveira, Diego, Gustavo C. Borges Leal, Danilo Herrera, Eduardo Galván-Díez, Juan M. Carrasco, and Mauricio Aredes. "An Analysis on the VSC-HVDC Contribution for the Static Voltage Stability Margin and Effective Short Circuit Ratio Enhancement in Hybrid Multi-Infeed HVDC Systems." Energies 16, no. 1 (2023): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010532.

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Over the years, high voltage transmission of large energy blocks over long distances has widely developed from the Line Commutated Converter (LCC) technology. However, the continuous expansion of the AC network and the increase in renewable energy penetration leads to the weakening of Electric Power Systems (EPS), causing operational problems for the LCC-HVDC. This paper evaluates the degree of contribution of the VSC-HVDC on the LCC-HVDC dynamic performance when the infeed is in a hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system. Through a steady-state mathematical framework, the new concept of Hybrid Power V

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18

Wu, Kuayu, Jiancheng Zhang, Yongzhi Zhou, and Yuhong Zhu. "Coordination of synchronous compensators and converters to improve the commutation failure recovery performance in HVDC systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2093, no. 1 (2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2093/1/012018.

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Abstract A novel control strategy of synchronous compensators and converters is proposed to increase the ability of line commutated converter (LCC) based HVDC systems to successfully recover from commutation failures (CFs). The dynamic var support is one of the most important factors, which impact the commutation process. Many synchronous compensators have been implemented to enhance the transient voltage stability for improving the CF recovery performance. However, the traditional automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of synchronous compensator may not be suitable for the commutation voltage supp

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19

Wang, Ting, Kun Chen, Long’en Zhang, Xingyang Hu, Hengxuan Li, and Pangqi Ye. "Research on Fault Identification of Hybrid Multi-Feed High-Voltage Direct Current System Based on Line Commutated Converter and Voltage Source Converter." Energies 17, no. 9 (2024): 2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17092215.

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With the rapid development of voltage source converter (VSC) and line commutated converter (LCC) technology and the relative concentration of power and load, the inverter station of the flexible DC system is fed into the same AC bus with the conventional DC rectifier station, and the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) parallel hybrid feed system is formed in structure. As the electrical distance between the converter stations is very close, when a fault occurs in the near area, the current on the AC wiring on the VSC side will fluctuate greatly, resulting in the misoperation of the AC wiring p

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20

Cheng, Fan, Lijun Xie, and Zhibing Wang. "Research on Serial VSC-LCC Hybrid HVdc Control Strategy and Filter Design Scheme." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092260.

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This paper investigated the characteristics of a novel type of hybrid high voltage direct current (HVdc) converter, which is composed by line commutated converter series with voltage source converter. The system and valve level control strategies are introduced, which can provide ac system voltage support. A novel filter design scheme composed by resonant filers for hybrid HVdc are also proposed, which can decrease the capacity of reactive power compensation equipment without deteriorate harmonic characteristics. The ac voltage of HVdc fluctuation level caused by transmitted power variation wi

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21

Xu, Han Ping, Xia Chen, Wang Xiang, and Jin Yu Wen. "Control and Operational Characteristics Research on Multi-Terminal HVDC for Wind Power Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.248.

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This paper proposed the line-commutated converter based multi-terminal HVDC (LCC-MTDC) combining with the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind farms integration with bulk wind power transmission over long distance. This paper is aimed at the control strategy design and the operational characteristics research of LCC-MTDC for wind power transmission. Then, the control methodologies of the complex integration system are addressed from two aspects: the MTDC and the wind farm. The coordination control strategy is developed to ensure the stab

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22

Li, Xiaodong, and Zheng Xu. "Feasibility Evaluation on Elimination of DC Filters for Line-Commutated Converter-Based High-Voltage Direct Current Projects in New Situations." Energies 14, no. 18 (2021): 5770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185770.

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The line-commutated converter (LCC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has been widely applied on long-distance and bulk-capacity power transmission occasions. Due to the terrible interferences in the vicinity of communication lines, DC filters (DCFs) are always installed to mitigate the interferences within acceptable levels for almost all in-service overhead line transmission LCC-HVDC schemes. With the rapid development of the communication technology, however, the anti-interference capability of the telephone system has been remarkably improved. Thus, the original purpose o

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Li, Gen, Wei Liu, Tibin Joseph, et al. "Control Strategies of Full-Voltage to Half-Voltage Operation for LCC and Hybrid LCC/MMC based UHVDC Systems." Energies 12, no. 4 (2019): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040742.

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With the increasing demand of transmitting bulk-power over long-distance, the ultra high-voltage direct-current (UHVDC) transmission systems become an attractive option. Nowadays, not only the line commutated converter (LCC) based systems, but also the modular multilevel converter (MMC) based systems have reached UHVDC levels. The converter stations of UHVDC systems normally utilize two series-connected valve-groups to reduce the difficulties of device manufacturing and transportation. This high-voltage and low-voltage valve-group configuration allows the UHVDC systems to achieve a full-voltag

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24

Kim, Sehyun, Kyeon Hur, Jongseo Na, Jongsu Yoon, and Heejin Kim. "Generic Analysis Framework for Modular Multilevel Converter HVDC with Multi-Infeed Line-Commutated Converter HVDC System." Energies 15, no. 1 (2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010184.

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This paper proposes a generic analysis framework for a grid supporting modular multilevel converter (MMC)-high voltage DC (HVDC) in a multi-infeed of line commutated converter (LCC) and MMC (MILM) system. MMC-HVDC can support the grid by compensating for the exact reactive power consumptions within the MMC-HVDC system and the varying power system conditions in the MILM system. Maximum active/reactive power capability (MPQC) curve and PQ loading curve comparison process is introduced to properly design a grid supporting MMC-HVDC. While the MPQC curve presents the maximum PQ range of the MMC-HVD

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25

Feng, Qian, Ping Zeng, Desheng Zhou, Zhixin Du, Shaodong Guo, and Xiu Yang. "Research on continuous commutation failure suppression strategy for multi-feed DC transmission system considering harmonic characteristic factors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2797, no. 1 (2024): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2797/1/012011.

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Abstract Regarding the sustained issues of commutation failures in the hybrid double-fed DC system encompassing Line Commutated Converter High Voltage Direct Current (LCC-HVDC) and Modular Multilevel Converter High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC, from the perspective of harmonics, the harmonics in the voltage waveform of the AC bus on the inverter side are analyzed. Besides, a commutation failure suppression strategy for the hybrid doubly-fed DC transmission system based on the minimum shutdown area is designed, in which the setting value of the shutdown angle of the harmonic is considered i

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Zhou, Yi, Hongmei Luo, Hao Xu, et al. "Coordinated DC voltage control strategy for the receiving end hybrid LCC-VSC system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2728, no. 1 (2024): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2728/1/012058.

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Abstract The receiving end hybrid line commutated converter (LCC) — voltage source converter (VSC) system has the obstacle that when an AC fault occurs at the sending LCC side, the DC voltage of the rectifier side will fall, resulting in the power transmission reduction of the whole system. Particularly, when the rectifier side DC voltage falls below the inverter side DC voltage, the power transmission is interrupted, posing a huge threat to the stability of the power grid at both the sending and receiving ends. To tackle these problems, a coordinated DC voltage control strategy for the receiv

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27

Sha, Jiangbo, Chunyi Guo, Atiq Rehman, and Chengyong Zhao. "A Quantitative Index to Evaluate the Commutation Failure Probability of LCC-HVDC with a Synchronous Condenser." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050925.

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Since thyristor cannot turn off automatically, line commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) will inevitably fail to commutate and therefore auxiliary controls or voltage control devices are needed to improve the commutation failure immunity of the LCC-HVDC system. The voltage control device, a synchronous condenser (SC), can effectively suppress the commutation failure of the LCC-HVDC system. However, there is a need for a proper evaluation index that can quantitatively assess the ability of the LCC-HVDC system to resist the occurrence of commutation failures. At pres

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28

Yu, Dong, Shan Gao, Xin Zhao, Yu Liu, Sicheng Wang, and Tiancheng E. Song. "Alternating Iterative Power-Flow Algorithm for Hybrid AC–DC Power Grids Incorporating LCCs and VSCs." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054573.

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AC–DC power-flow calculation is the basis for studying HVDC systems. Since traditional iterative methods need many alternative iterations and have convergence problems, this paper proposes an alternating iterative power-flow algorithm for hybrid AC–DC power grids incorporating line-commutated converters (LCCs) and voltage source converters (VSCs). Firstly, the algorithm incorporates the converter interface model into the AC side, considering the influence of the DC side on the AC side, and establishes an AC-augmented Jacobian matrix model with LCC/VSC interface equation variables. Then, accord

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Sanjeevikumar, P., and Frede Blaabjerg. "Wavelet transform as a postprocessing diagnostic tool for fault identifications of high-voltage direct current transmission system." FACETS 1, no. 1 (2017): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2015-0005.

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This short communication focuses on exploiting the inherent advantages of discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) as a diagnostic tool for post-processing and for identifying the faults that occur in the standard high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission network. In particular, a set of investigations are developed and examined for single-line-to-ground fault on the generation and on the load side converter, and DC-link fault. For this purpose, a standard 12-pulse line-commutated converter (LCC)-HVDC transmission network along with the DWT algorithm is numerically modeled in the MATLAB/PLE

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Shobha, Agarwal, K. Panigrahi C., Sahoo Aishwarya, and Mishra Sanitha. "A Novel Study on Bipolar High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Lines Protection Schemes." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (2018): 1977–84. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp1977-1984.

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In long dc transmission lines identification of fault is important for transferring a large amount of power. In bipolar Line commutated converter transmission lines are subjected to harsh weather condition so accurate and rapid clearance of fault is essential. A comparative study of the bipolar system with both converters healthy and one converter tripped is studied. Most of the research paper has focussed on transmission line faults in bipolar mode but none of them had focussed when HVDC system works in monopolar mode after the fault. In the proposed scheme the voltage signals are extracted f

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Tao, Yan, Junchao Zheng, Xiangping Kong, Lei Gao, Jinjiao Lin, and Chenqing Wang. "Characteristics and Protection Methods for Double-Circuit HVDC Transmission Lines on the Same Tower Considering DC Line-Touching Faults." Electronics 13, no. 24 (2024): 4924. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13244924.

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In heavily loaded regional power grids, some AC transmission lines are confronting escalating pressures due to excessive short-circuit currents. To optimize AC channels, most research advocates for retrofitting existing AC lines into multi-line-commutated converter-based high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) lines. However, there is a contradiction between limited land area for AC stations and the relatively large footprint of passive filters in LCC-HVDC; this paper introduces self-adapted LCC (SLCC) by replacing passive filter groups with a static var generator (SVG). Secondly, the reactive

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32

Rehman, Bilawal, Atiq ur Rehman, Waqar Ahmad Khan, Irfan Sami, and Jong-Suk Ro. "Operation and Challenges of Multi-Infeed LCC–HVDC System: Commutation Failure, AC/DC Power Flow, and Voltage Stability." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188637.

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This paper presents a detailed analysis of commutation failure, AC/DC power flow, and voltage stability of multi-infeed high-voltage direct current (HVDC). The use of HVDC power transmission technology has become common in modern power systems. During the past two decades, HVDC technology has been extensively used for long-distance bulk power transmission to remote areas. Throughout the world, the demand for power has drastically increased in recent years due to industrialization; such situations make HVDC an economic candidate because the distance between power generation plants and load area

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Lee, Chun-Kwon, Gyu-Sub Lee, and Seung-Jin Chang. "Solution to Fault of Multi-Terminal DC Transmission Systems Based on High Temperature Superconducting DC Cables." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051292.

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In this paper, we developed the small-signal state-space (SS) model of hybrid multi-terminal high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems and fault localization method in a failure situation. The multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) system is composed of two wind farm side voltage-source converters (VSCs) and two grid side line-commutated converters (LCCs). To utilize relative advantages of the conventional line-commutated converter (LCC) and the voltage source converter (VSC) technologies, hybrid multi-terminal high-voltage direct-current (MTDC) technologies have been highlighted in recent years. For the

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34

Rao, D. S. N. M., Theresa C. F. Cenate, Dharmesh Dhabliya, Haider Alabdeli, and Abbas Hameed Abdul Hussein. "Power Electronic Converters Evolution In Transmission System: HVDC & FACTS Device." E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456403006.

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Power electronics have helped achieve this objective of increasing capacity while improving reliability and sustainability and reducing operating costs over the years. They have provided added flexibility and control to power systems. As the use of renewable energy (RE) sources in faraway or isolated areas grows, it becomes necessary to integrate these alternative energy sources into the current power grid through long distance transmission systems. Within the realm of power electronic assets, FACTS and HVDC have had a significant impact on the development of sustainable grid infrastructure. R

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Abedin, Tarek, M. Shahadat Hossain Lipu, Mahammad A. Hannan, et al. "Dynamic Modeling of HVDC for Power System Stability Assessment: A Review, Issues, and Recommendations." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 4829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164829.

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High-voltage direct current (HVDC) has received considerable attention due to several advantageous features such as minimum transmission losses, enhanced stability, and control operation. An appropriate model of HVDC is necessary to assess the operating conditions as well as to analyze the transient and steady-state stabilities integrated with the AC networks. Nevertheless, the construction of an HVDC model is challenging due to the high computational cost, which needs huge ranges of modeling experience. Therefore, advanced dynamic modeling of HVDC is necessary to improve stability with minimu

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36

Davidson, Innocent Ewean, Oluwafemi Emmanuel Oni, Anuoluwapo Aluko, and Elutunji Buraimoh. "Enhancing the Performance of Eskom’s Cahora Bassa HVDC Scheme and Harmonic Distortion Minimization of LCC-HVDC Scheme Using the VSC-HVDC Link." Energies 15, no. 11 (2022): 4008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114008.

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Cahora Bassa, a thyristor-based High Voltage Direct (HVDC) link, transmits 1920 MW of power from a hydro-power plant in Zambezi River, north of Mozambique, to Apollo Substation in Johannesburg, South Africa. The high degree of harmonics distortion that is transferred into the AC side of the transmission network and the continuous increase in the rate at which commutation failure occurs during systems disturbance are both flaws in the utilization of this HVDC converter technology. AC and DC filters with rugged controllers are often used to minimize this effect but are limited in scope. Modern c

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Lee, Gyusub, Seungil Moon, and Pyeongik Hwang. "A Frequency–Power Droop Coefficient Determination Method of Mixed Line-Commutated and Voltage-Sourced Converter Multi-Infeed, High-Voltage, Direct Current Systems: An Actual Case Study in Korea." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (2019): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030606.

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Among the grid service applications of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, frequency–power droop control for islanded networks is one of the most widely used schemes. In this paper, a new frequency-power droop coefficient determination method for a mixed line-commutated converter (LCC) and voltage-sourced converter (VSC)-based multi-infeed HVDC (MIDC) system is proposed. The proposed method is designed for the minimization of power loss. An interior-point method is used as an optimization algorithm to implement the proposed scheduling method, and the droop coefficients of the HVDCs are

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38

Luo, Xu, Fan Li, Li Fan, et al. "Influence of Synchronous Condensers on Operation Characteristics of Double-Infeed LCC-HVDCs." Processes 9, no. 10 (2021): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101704.

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Considering the advantages that dynamic reactive power (var) equipment (such as synchronous condensers (SCs), which can control var independently and improve voltage stability), SCs are widely used in AC/DC hybrid power grid to provide emergency var and voltage support. In order to evaluate the dynamic var reserve capacity of SCs and analyze the influence of SCs on the operation characteristics of power system, a model with double-infeed line-commutated converter-based high-voltage direct currents (LCC-HVDCs) and SCs is established. Through theoretical derivation and PSCAD/EMTDC simulation, th

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Wu, Xinglong, Zheng Xu, and Zheren Zhang. "Power Stability Analysis and Evaluation Criteria of Dual-Infeed HVDC with LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 5847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135847.

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This paper analyzes the power stability of the hybrid dual-infeed high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) system containing a line commutated converter-based HVDC (LCC-HVDC) and a voltage source converter-based HVDC (VSC-HVDC). First, the concept and the calculation method of power stability for the hybrid dual-infeed HVDC system are introduced. Second, the influence of VSC-HVDC on the power stability of the system is investigated. Third, the relationship between the power stability and the effective short circuit ratio (ESCR) is discussed under different system parameters. Then, the value range of

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Wang, Guoteng, Huangqing Xiao, Liang Xiao, Zheren Zhang, and Zheng Xu. "Electromechanical Transient Modeling and Control Strategy of Decentralized Hybrid HVDC Systems." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152856.

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This paper studies the electromechanical transient model and the control strategy of line commutated converter (LCC) and modular multilevel converter (MMC) based decentralized hybrid High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission systems. The decentralized hybrid HVDC system is a new type of topology, and the related electromechanical transient model and control strategy have not been studied well. In this paper, the electromechanical transient model of a decentralized hybrid HVDC system is devloped through mathematical deduction. This model can be easily implemented in electromechanical tran

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Zhang, Bao Shun, Cheng Yong Zhao, Chun Yi Guo, Li Zhuan Zhou, and Lin Li. "Sub-Module Controller and Sub-Module Steady-State Test Platform Design for MMC-HVDC." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1006–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1006.

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Compared with Line-Commutated-Converter High Voltage Direct Current (LCC-HVDC), the primary and secondary systems of modular multilevel converter based HVDC (MMC-HVDC) are more complicated. And control and protection function of sub-module controller (SMC) have great influence on the operation of MMC-HVDC system. This paper investigates the design method of SMC and sub-module (SM) steady-state platform. First, the structure of the primary system and the electrical parameters of the 21-level MMC-HVDC are designed. Second, the architecture of the control system and SM fault protection strategy a

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Chen, Xiaolong, Xiaoqing Qi, Yongli Li, Bin Li, and Botong Li. "A Calculation Method of DC Current Reference Value for Suppressing Commutation Failure in LCC-HVDC System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2301, no. 1 (2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2301/1/012024.

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Abstract Line commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system is prone to suffer commutation failure, which can lead to the increase of DC current and the interruption of DC transmission power. Furthermore, the increase of DC current might lead to subsequent commutation failure. Based on the reactive power balance of the inverter AC bus, this paper studies the functional relationship between DC current and commutation voltage. The DC current reference value is obtained by using the DC current acquired from the above functional relationship, and combining w

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Manu K P. "High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission: Reliability and applications." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 2 (2022): 1207–15. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1074.

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High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission has emerged as a transformative technology for long-distance and high-power electrical transmission, addressing the limitations of conventional Alternating Current (AC) transmission systems. HVDC technology is characterized by reduced transmission losses, improved grid stability, and enhanced capability for integrating renewable energy sources, making it an essential component in modern power systems. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the reliability aspects of HVDC transmission, emphasizing critical factors such as fault tolerance,

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Oluwafemi, E. Oni, G. Swanson Andrew, and Pillay Carpanen Rudiren. "Impact of LCC–HVDC multiterminal on generator rotor angle stability." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 22–34. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp22-34.

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Multiterminal High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission utilizing Line Commutated Converter (LCC-HVDC) technology is on the increase in interconnecting a remote generating station to any urban centre via long distance DC lines. This Multiterminal-HVDC (MTDC) system offers a reduced right of way benefits, reduction in transmission losses, as well as robust power controllability with enhanced stability margin. However, utilizing the MTDC system in an AC network bring about a new area of associated fault analysis as well as the effect on the entire AC system during a transient fault conditi

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Yin, Yueyang, Ying Huang, Zheren Zhang, Guoteng Wang, Yijing Zhang, and Jianhua Li. "Research on Reactive Power Coordination Control Strategies of Multi-Infeed Line-Commutated Converter–High-Voltage Direct Current Systems." Electronics 12, no. 20 (2023): 4262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12204262.

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For a receiving-end power grid with multi-infeed LCC-HVDC systems, simultaneous commutation failures may seriously threaten the safe and stable operation of the system. To evaluate the impact of commutation failure and improve the voltage stability of the commutation buses in multi-infeed HVDC systems, this paper proposes a method for evaluating the voltage stability of commutation buses and a reactive power coordination control (RPCC) method for commutation failure of multiple HVDC systems. Firstly, three indicators and the entropy weight method are adopted to comprehensively evaluate the vol

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46

Ahmed, Adeel, Danish Khan, Ahmed Muddassir Khan, et al. "Modeling of Efficient Control Strategies for LCC-HVDC Systems: A Case Study of Matiari–Lahore HVDC Power Transmission Line." Sensors 22, no. 7 (2022): 2793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072793.

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With the recent development in power electronic devices, HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) systems have been recognized as the most prominent solution to transmit electric power economically. Today, several HVDC projects have been implemented physically. The conventional HVDC systems use grid commutation converters, and its commutation relies on an AC system for the provision of voltage. Due to this reason, there are possibilities of commutation failure during fault. Furthermore, once the DC (Direct Current) system power is interrupted momentarily, the reversal of work power is likely to caus

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Wang, Hua, Ao Zheng, Ziwen Liu, Wei Liu, Xueqing Pan, and Chunsun Tian. "A Suppression Method of Commutation Failure in LCC-UHVDC Systems Based on the Dynamic Tracking of the Turn-Off Angle Setting Value." Electronics 13, no. 7 (2024): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071353.

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Commutation failure is still one of the most common faults in LCC-UHVDC (line commutated converter-based, ultra-high voltage direct current) systems, and if the inverter side, extinction angle, and rectification value remain constant during the fault, it may lead to commutation failure or even continuous commutation failure. Therefore, this paper first analyzes the structure of the LCC-UHVDC system and the mechanism of commutation failure and, on this basis, proposes a commutation failure suppression method based on dynamic tracking of the extinction angle rectification value. The desired DC v

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48

Oni, Oluwafemi Emmanuel, Andrew G. Swanson, and Rudiren Pillay Carpanen. "Impact of LCC–HVDC multiterminal on generator rotor angle stability." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp22-34.

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<span>Multiterminal High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission utilizing Line Commutated Converter (LCC-HVDC) technology is on the increase in interconnecting a remote generating station to any urban centre via long distance DC lines. This Multiterminal-HVDC (MTDC) system offers a reduced right of way benefits, reduction in transmission losses, as well as robust power controllability with enhanced stability margin. However, utilizing the MTDC system in an AC network bring about a new area of associated fault analysis as well as the effect on the entire AC system during a transient f

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Kang, Jaesik. "Comprehensive Analysis of Transient Overvoltage Phenomena for Metal-Oxide Varistor Surge Arrester in LCC-HVDC Transmission System with Special Protection Scheme." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 7034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197034.

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This paper proposes a systematic and deterministic method for metal-oxide varistor (MOV) surge arrester selection based on the comprehensive analysis in line-commutated converter (LCC)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. For the MOV surge arrester, this paper investigates several significant impacts on the transient overvoltage (TOV) phenomena, which is affected by practical factors such as an operating point of the LCC-HVDC system, synchronous machine operating status of the power system, AC passive filter trip, and communication delay in a special protection system

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Arab, Meraa, and Waleed Fadel. "Optimal Reactive Power Flow of AC-DC Power System with Shunt Capacitors Using Backtracking Search Algorithm." Energies 17, no. 3 (2024): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17030749.

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In this paper, it is proposed that a two-terminal high voltage direct current (HVDC) be integrated into the power system. Line-commutated converter (LCC)-HVDC is used because of its ability to reduce line losses, which improves overall system efficiency. Shunt capacitors also aid in voltage maintenance by compensating for the reactive power demand. In essence, limiting voltage drops in electrical networks promotes a more efficient power transmission and distribution by lowering resistive losses. In power system investigations, it was discovered that the HVDC link and SCB exist separately. So,

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