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Journal articles on the topic 'Line contacts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gelinck, E. R. M., and D. J. Schipper. "Deformation of Rough Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 121, no. 3 (1999): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834088.

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The influence of surface roughness on the bulk deformation of line contacts is studied. The model of Greenwood and Tripp (1967) will be extended to line contacts. It is found that the central pressure is a very good parameter to characterize the pressure distribution of rough line contacts. Function fits of the central pressure, the effective half width, the real area of contact, and the number of contacts are made. Comparison is made with the work of Lo (1969) and Greenwood et al. (1984).

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2

Faraon, I. C., and D. J. Schipper. "Stribeck Curve for Starved Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 129, no. 1 (2006): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2404964.

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This paper discusses a mixed lubrication model in order to predict the Stribeck curve for starved lubricated line contacts. This model is based on a combination of the contact model of Greenwood and Williamson and the elastohydrodynamic (EHL) film thickness for starved line contacts. The starved solution to be implemented in the EHL component is obtained by using numerical data of Wolveridge, who computed the starved film thickness for smooth line contacts. Calculations are presented for different oil supply layer thickness over roughness values (hoil∕σs). For values of the oil layer thickness

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3

Dmytrychenko, Nikolai, Alexandr Aksyonov, Ramsey Gohar, and George Wan. "Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of line contacts." Wear 150, no. 1-2 (1991): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(91)90325-o.

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4

Zhang, Yongbin. "Multiscale hydrodynamics in line contacts." Mechanics Research Communications 111 (January 2021): 103658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2021.103658.

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5

Wang, Zhijian, Xuejin Shen, Xiaoyang Chen, Qiang Han, and Lei Shi. "Experimental study of starvation in grease-lubricated finite line contacts." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 6 (2017): 963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-08-2017-0235.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study starvation in grease-lubricated finite line contacts and to understand film-forming mechanisms of grease-lubricated finite line contacts. Design/methodology/approach A multiple-contact optical elastohydrodynamic (EHL) test rig is constructed to investigate the influences of lubricant properties on film thickness and lubrication conditions at different working conditions. The film thickness is calculated according to the relative light intensity principle. The degree of starvation is evaluated by the air–oil meniscus distance and the corresponding f

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6

Alakhramsing, Shivam S., Matthijn B. de Rooij, Dirk J. Schipper, and Mark van Drogen. "Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of coated finite line contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 9 (2017): 1077–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117705037.

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In this work, a finite element-based model is presented that simulates elastohydrodynamic lubrication in coated finite line contacts. Using this model, the film thickness and pressure distributions, between a straight roller with rounded edges on a plate, were analyzed. The model was successfully validated against representative results reported in literature. Parameter studies were conducted to study the influence of varying operating conditions, axial surface profile parameters and coating mechanical properties on the overall elastohydrodynamic lubrication behavior of the contact. It was fou

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7

Kudish, Ilya I., Sergey S. Volkov, Andrey S. Vasiliev, and Sergey M. Aizikovich. "Lubricated point heavily loaded contacts of functionally graded materials. Part 2. Lubricated contacts." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, no. 7 (2017): 1081–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286517704690.

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The paper presents a study of the effectiveness of functionally graded materials in heavily loaded point elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts with straight lubricant entrainment. As part of the study, some criteria of coating effectiveness are introduced and discussed. The approach used for achieving this goal is based on the recently developed asymptotic solution method for steady isothermal elastohydrodynamically lubricated problems of heavily loaded point contacts, as well as on a semi-analytical method for the solutions of contact problems for elastic functionally graded materials wi

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8

Hooke, C. J., and C. H. Venner. "Surface roughness attenuation in line and point contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 214, no. 5 (2000): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650001543313.

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Surface roughness effects in line and point elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts are compared and it is shown that the underlying behaviours in both types of contact are identical. Long wavelength components of roughness are attenuated; short wavelength components pass through the conjunction unaltered. It is also shown that the roughness attenuation, plotted against a non-dimensional wavelength, follows almost identical curves in both cases.

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9

Ciulli, Enrico. "Formulas for Entraining Velocity in Lubricated Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 4 (2002): 856–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1467595.

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The knowledge of the entraining velocity is necessary for the investigation of lubricated contacts. The entraining velocity is the average of the surface velocities of the two bodies in contact relative to the contact itself; its estimation can be actually not always immediate. In this work the general case of two pairing cylindrical surfaces in planar relative motion is analyzed from a kinematical point of view. Formulas for the evaluation of the entraining velocity are presented that are directly applicable to any case of connected members of a mechanism. The physical meaning of the terms of

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10

Ghosh, M. K., and B. J. Hamrock. "Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Line Contacts." A S L E Transactions 28, no. 2 (1985): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05698198508981608.

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11

Salehizadeh, H., and N. Saka. "Crack Propagation in Rolling Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 4 (1992): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920937.

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The stress intensity factors for short straight and branched subsurface cracks subjected to a Hertzian loading are calculated by the finite element method. The effect of crack face friction on stress intensity factors is considered for both straight and branched cracks. The calculations show that the straight crack is subjected to pure mode II loading, whereas the branched crack is subjected to both mode I and mode II, with ΔKI/ΔKII < 0.25. Although KI is small, it strongly influences KII by keeping the branched crack faces apart. Based on the ΔKII values and Paris’s crack growth model, the

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12

Elsharkawy, Abdallah A. "Visco-elastohydrodynamic lubrication of line contacts." Wear 199, no. 1 (1996): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(96)07212-2.

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13

Ye, Gangfeng, Kelvin Shi, Robert Burke, Joan M. Redwing, and Suzanne E. Mohney. "Ti/Al Ohmic Contacts to n-Type GaN Nanowires." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/876287.

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Titanium/aluminum ohmic contacts to tapered n-type GaN nanowires with triangular cross-sections were studied. To extract the specific contact resistance, the commonly used transmission line model was adapted to the particular nanowire geometry. The most Al-rich composition of the contact provided a low specific contact resistance (mid10−8 Ωcm2) upon annealing at 600 °Cfor 15 s, but it exhibited poor thermal stability due to oxidation of excess elemental Al remaining after annealing, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. On the other hand, less Al-rich contacts required higher anneal

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14

Lubrecht, A. A., D. Graille, C. H. Venner, and J. A. Greenwood. "Waviness Amplitude Reduction in EHL Line Contacts Under Rolling-Sliding." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 4 (1998): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833768.

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Due to technological pressures the lubricant film thickness in EHD contacts has decreased over the years and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. On the other hand, financial constraints cause the surface roughness in these contacts to decrease very slowly, or might even cause an increase. As a result, the ratio of film thickness to composite roughness will continue to decrease. The question that remains to be answered is to what extent this decrease will affect the contact performance. A third development makes this question even more acute, the request of increased reliability.

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15

Kudish, Ilya I., Eugene Pashkovski, Sergey S. Volkov, Andrey S. Vasiliev, and Sergey M. Aizikovich. "Heavily loaded line EHL contacts with thin adsorbed soft layers." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 25, no. 4 (2020): 1011–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286519898878.

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Studies of thin soft polymeric or metal layers adsorbed on the surfaces of lubricated solids showed lower friction coefficients and energy losses. The degree to which this reduction happens depends on the coating material nature, its rheology, and coating thicknesses, as well as other factors. To an extent, the application of such soft coatings is in its infancy and it is still not clear which parameters affect the performance of lubricated joints, and how. This paper attempts to model such coated lubricated contacts and to understand how soft coatings affect the joint performance. The paper p

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16

Osborn, K. F., and F. Sadeghi. "Time Dependent Line EHD Lubrication Using the Multigrid/Multilevel Technique." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 1 (1992): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920870.

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A numerical solution of time dependent compressible elastohydrodynamic lubrication of line contacts has been obtained. The results show the effects of various operating parameters on the transient response behavior of a lubricated contact. The analysis models a startup situation where the surfaces are initially at rest and in contact. Then, with the contacts operating at a given load and speed, the analysis is run until the pressure and film thickness reach a steady-state condition. A multigrid/multilevel technique is used to simultaneously solve the time dependent Reynolds and elasticity equa

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17

Reeves, G. K., Y. Pan, P. W. Leech, and A. S. Holland. "Modified Linear Transmission Line Model Test Structure for Determining Specific Contact Resistance." MRS Advances 1, no. 2 (2016): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.77.

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ABSTRACTA modified design of the transmission line model test structure uses the simple calculation of specific contact resistance, ρc, based on a two contact linear pattern but without the requirement of a mesa etch. This modified structure uses a linear TLM with semicircular terminations at each end. The function of the semicircular terminations is to confine the fringing fields at the ends of the linear TLM contacts. Simple analytical equations for determining ρc have been developed on the basis of the modified linear TLM pattern. These calculations have shown good agreement with a finite e

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18

Kudish, Ilya I., Sergey S. Volkov, Andrey S. Vasiliev, and Sergey M. Aizikovich. "Lubricated point heavily loaded contacts of functionally graded materials. Part 1. Dry contacts." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, no. 7 (2017): 1061–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286517704689.

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Over the last couple decades coatings attract more and more attention in practical applications. The present study addresses a question which is not well studied: how coated surfaces behave in lubricated contacts? In other words, this is a study of the effectiveness of functionally graded materials in heavily loaded point elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts with straight lubricant entrainment. As a part of the study, some criteria of coating effectiveness are introduced and discussed. More specifically, the behavior of main parameters such as the lubrication film thickness and the frict

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19

Biboulet, N., F. Colin, and A. A. Lubrecht. "Friction in starved hydrodynamically lubricated line contacts." Tribology International 58 (February 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2012.09.007.

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20

Gelinck, E. R. M., and D. J. Schipper. "Calculation of Stribeck curves for line contacts." Tribology International 33, no. 3-4 (2000): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-679x(00)00024-4.

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21

Elsharkawy, A. A., and B. J. Hamrock. "Subsurface Stresses in Micro-EHL Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 3 (1991): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920673.

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The circular non-Newtonian fluid model associated with a limiting shear strength and the system approach were used to calculate the pressure, surface shear stress, and film thickness profiles in an elastohydrodynamically lubricated conjunction under isothermal conditions. The calculated pressure and surface shear stress were used to evaluate the maximum shear stress and the von Mises equivalent stress distributions in the solids. The effect of the slide-roll ratio for smooth lubricated surfaces, the effect of a single moving irregularity located on one of the smooth lubricated surfaces, and th

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22

Kudish, Ilya I., and Ruben G. Airapetyan. "Modeling of Line Contacts With Degrading Lubricant." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 3 (2003): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1538193.

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A plane isothermal elastohydrodynamic problem for a lubricated line contact is studied. The lubricant represented by a base stock with some polymer additive undergoes stress-induced degradation due to scission of polymer additive molecules. The polymer molecules have linear structure. The degradation process of a polymer additive dissolved in a lubricant while the lubricant passes through the contact is described by a kinetic equation. The kinetic equation is solved along the lubricant flow streamlines. The solution of the kinetic equation predicts the density of the probabilistic distribution

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23

Yang, Peiran, Shiyue Qu, Qiuying Chang, and Feng Guo. "On the Theory of Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication at High Slide-Roll Ratios—Line Contact Solution." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 1 (2000): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1330738.

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Complete numerical solutions are obtained for the steady-state line contact thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) problems. The contact surfaces are arranged to run in opposite directions. The slide-roll ratios are allowed to be as high as infinity. The new theory reveals that the characteristics of the high slide-roll contacts are significantly different from those of the low slide-roll contacts. The unusual zero-entrainment films discovered by Dyson and Wilson and the abnormal surface-dimple phenomena observed by Kaneta et al. are explained.

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24

Nikas, George K. "Particle extrusion in elastohydrodynamic line contacts: Dynamic forces and energy consumption." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 10 (2017): 1320–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117693175.

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The author’s model of particle entrapment and thermoviscoplastic indentation built and experimentally validated in recent publications is utilised to calculate the contact forces on ductile, isolated interference particles passing through elastohydrodynamic, rolling–sliding, line contacts. The model is detailed and enriched by supplementary equations. A parametric study deals with the effects of particle size and cold hardness, kinetic friction coefficient, rolling velocity and slide-to-roll ratio of the contact on the particle contact forces, mean friction coefficient, temperature, plastic wo

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25

Shrestha, Neelu, Geoffrey Reeves, Patrick Leech, Yue Pan, and Anthony Holland. "Analytical test structure model for determining lateral effects of tri-layer ohmic contact beyond the contact edge." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 2 (2017): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1702257s.

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Contact test structures where there is more than one non-metal layer, are significantly more complex to analyse compared to when there is only one such layer like active silicon on an insulating substrate. Here, we use analytical models for complex test structures in a two contact test structure and compare the results obtained with those from Finite Element Models (FEM) of the same test structures. The analytical models are based on the transmission line model and the tri-layer transmission line model in particular, and do not include vertical voltage drops except for the interfaces. The comp

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26

Lodzinski, Michal, Owen J. Guy, A. Castaing, et al. "Metal Contacts to Boron-Doped Diamond." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.995.

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This paper describes the fabrication of Ni and Ti contacts to single crystal, boron-doped diamond. The electrical performance of metal-diamond contacts has been investigated using current-voltage I(V) characterization of circular transmission line model (CTLM) test structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of Ti/diamond contacts has been performed and is correlated with CTLM results. Post deposition annealing of metal-diamond contacts has a dramatic influence on contact resistivity, with lower resistances observed after annealing at 900°C. Specific contact resistances as low

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27

Popov, Valentin L., Qiang Li, Iakov A. Lyashenko, and Roman Pohrt. "Adhesion and friction in hard and soft contacts: theory and experiment." Friction 9, no. 6 (2021): 1688–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0482-0.

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AbstractThis paper is devoted to an analytical, numerical, and experimental analysis of adhesive contacts subjected to tangential motion. In particular, it addresses the phenomenon of instable, jerky movement of the boundary of the adhesive contact zone and its dependence on the surface roughness. We argue that the “adhesion instabilities” with instable movements of the contact boundary cause energy dissipation similarly to the elastic instabilities mechanism. This leads to different effective works of adhesion when the contact area expands and contracts. This effect is interpreted in terms of

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28

Ciulli, Enrico, Giovanni Pugliese, and Francesco Fazzolari. "Film Thickness and Shape Evaluation in a Cam-Follower Line Contact with Digital Image Processing." Lubricants 7, no. 4 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7040029.

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Film thickness is the most important parameter of a lubricated contact. Its evaluation in a cam-follower contact is not easy due to the continuous variations of speed, load and geometry during the camshaft rotation. In this work, experimental apparatus with a system for film thickness and shape estimation using optical interferometry, is described. The basic principles of the interferometric techniques and the color spaces used to describe the color components of the fringes of the interference images are reported. Programs for calibration and image analysis, previously developed for point con

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29

Biboulet, N., and L. Houpert. "Hydrodynamic force and moment in pure rolling lubricated contacts. Part 1: Line contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 224, no. 8 (2010): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/13506501jet790.

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30

Budhraja, Vinay, Srinivas Devayajanam, and Prakash Basnyat. "Simulation Results: Optimization of Contact Ratio for Interdigitated Back-Contact Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7818914.

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In the fabrication of interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells, it is very important to choose the right size of contact to achieve the maximum efficiency. Line contacts and point contacts are the two possibilities, which are being chosen for IBC structure. It is expected that the point contacts would give better results because of the reduced recombination rate. In this work, we are simulating the effect of contact size on the performance of IBC solar cells. Simulations were done in three dimension using Quokka, which numerically solves the charge carrier transport. Our simulation result

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31

Senga, Mikiko, Alpha Koi, Lina Moses, et al. "Contact tracing performance during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Kenema district, Sierra Leone." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1721 (2017): 20160300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0300.

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Contact tracing in an Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak is the process of identifying individuals who may have been exposed to infected persons with the virus, followed by monitoring for 21 days (the maximum incubation period) from the date of the most recent exposure. The goal is to achieve early detection and isolation of any new cases in order to prevent further transmission. We performed a retrospective data analysis of 261 probable and confirmed EVD cases in the national EVD database and 2525 contacts in the Contact Line Lists in Kenema district, Sierra Leone between 27 April and 4 Septe

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32

Polycarpou, A. A., and A. Soom. "Measured Transitions Between Sticking and Slipping at Lubricated Line Contacts." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, no. 3A (1995): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2874450.

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Sets of unsteady friction experiments are presented. The data allow an interpretation to be made of the principal physical phenomena that occur during the transitions that take place during impending slip or stick in interrupted sliding. The test geometry is that of a lubricated line contact, to which different patterns of velocity oscillation are applied. During acceleration from a rest or near-rest condition, a tangential contact stiffness and a microslip regime are observed before macroscopic sliding takes place. We also note a region of “microstick,” somewhat analogous to microslip, which

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33

Zhang, Kaifeng, Xiaona Peng, Yazhao Zhang, Hui Zhou, and Ming Ma. "Numerical thermal analysis of grease-lubrication in limited line contacts considering asperity contact." Tribology International 134 (June 2019): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.01.026.

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34

Ingerly, D. B., Y. A. Chang, and Y. Chen. "NiIn as an Ohmic Contact to P-GaN." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 4, S1 (1999): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300003355.

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Based on the criteria for the solid state exchange reaction with p-GaN, we have investigated the intermetallic compound NiIn as a possible ohmic contact. The contacts were fabricated by depositing NiIn on p-GaN films (p ∼ 2 × 1017 cm−3) using RF sputtering from a compound target. The as-deposited, NiIn contacts were found to be rectifying and using I-V characterization a Schottky barrier height of 0.82 eV was measured. Rapid thermal annealing of the contacts was shown to significantly decrease their resistance, with contacts annealed at 800 °C for 1 min yielding the lowest resistance. When ann

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35

Raisin, J., N. Fillot, D. Dureisseix, P. Vergne, and V. Lacour. "Characteristic times in transient thermal elastohydrodynamic line contacts." Tribology International 82 (February 2015): 472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2014.02.022.

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36

Echávarri Otero, Javier, Eduardo Guerra Ochoa, Enrique Chacón Tanarro, Andrés Díaz Lantada, and Juan M. Munoz‐Guijosa. "Analytical model for predicting friction in line contacts." Lubrication Science 28, no. 4 (2015): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ls.1325.

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37

Hills, D. A., and D. Dini. "Common edge contacts: Effect of interface line orientation." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 81 (April 2014): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2014.02.010.

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38

Sui, P. C., and F. Sadeghi. "Thermoelastic Effects in Lubricated Rolling/Sliding Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 1 (1991): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920584.

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A numerical model was developed to investigate the subsurface mechanical and thermal stresses in rolling/sliding machine elements operating under elasto-hydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication of line contacts. A thermal non-Newtonian EHD lubrication model was modified to include the thermoelastic displacement of the solids. The pressure, film thickness, and temperature distribution obtained from the model were used to calculate the subsurface mechanical and thermal stresses within the rolling/sliding machine elements. The thermoelastic effects on the magnitude and location of the maximum shear stresse

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39

Wolff, R., T. Nonaka, A. Kubo, and K. Matsuo. "Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Rolling/Sliding Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 4 (1992): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920939.

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The solution of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of rolling/sliding line contacts has been obtained. The Newton-Raphson technique was used to solve the simultaneous system of Reynolds and elasticity equations. The energy equation with boundary conditions was solved by the finite-difference method. Two models were developed: one with a constant viscosity across the oil film and another with a variable viscosity across the oil film. Different viscosity formulas such as modified WLF, Roelands, and Barus can be used in these models. Viscosity measurements were also performed over wide ranges

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40

Moyer, C. A., and L. L. Bahney. "Modifying the Lambda Ratio to Functional Line Contacts." Tribology Transactions 33, no. 4 (1990): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402009008981986.

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41

Steiner, Max Gabriel, Anderson Diogo Spacek, João Mota Neto, et al. "“In Situ” Evaluation of Mechanical Wear of Mobile Contacts of Electricity Voltage Regulator." Energies 13, no. 19 (2020): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195015.

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This in situ study presents an analysis of the wear of mobile contacts of switching in an automatic line voltage regulator, regarding the surface wear of the contacts. It is interesting to analyze the contacts of this equipment due to the friction and wear generated during the contact change, in order to predict and contain mechanical operation failures. The contacts were evaluated for mass loss, profilometry, and analysis in a scanning electron microscope, after remaining in operation in the regulator for about one year and switching the contacts almost 2500 times. This study aims to evaluate

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42

Hooke, C. J. "The behaviour of heavily loaded line contacts with transverse roughness." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 213, no. 4 (1999): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406991522275.

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In heavily loaded, piezoviscous contacts the surface roughness tends to be flattened inside the conjunction by any relative sliding of the surfaces. However, before it is flattened, the roughness affects the inlet to the contact, producing clearance variations there. These variations are then convected through the contact, at the entrainment velocity, producing a clearance distribution that differs from the original surface. The present paper explores this behaviour and establishes how the amplitude of the convected clearance varies with wavelength and operating conditions. It is shown that th

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43

Hall, R. W., and M. D. Savage. "Two-Dimensional Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Part 2: Solution of the Line Contact Problem." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 202, no. 5 (1988): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_133_02.

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Following Part 1, this paper describes a method for solving the line contact problem in elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Using results derived in Part 1 together with the Reynolds lubrication equation and boundary conditions, an iterative scheme is designed so as to yield pressures, displacements and film thicknesses within a parabolic, lubricated contact. Converged numerical solutions are readily obtained over a parameter range which includes both isoviscous and weakly piezoviscous contacts.

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44

Tallian, T. E. "Spalling Life Model With Relaxed Distribution Constraints, for Rough Hertz Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 115, no. 3 (1993): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2921658.

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A Hertz contact spalling fatigue life model is constructed without the constraints of a two-parameter Weibull life distribution. The model is based on the time of crack propagation following a simple Paris law, through the Hertzian alternating shear stress field, from populations of surface defects with depth (severity) distributed according to the Greenwood-Williamson asperity model, to the depth of the maximum alternating shear stress. The life distribution shows moderate deviations from the Weibull form, with the dispersion strongly dependent on the contact parameters. The 90 percent surviv

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Hooke, C. J., and K. Y. Li. "Validation of the Stress Predictions in Rolling EHL Contacts Having In-Line Roughness Using the Inverse Method." Journal of Tribology 128, no. 4 (2006): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2345396.

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Using modern EHL programs it is relatively simple to determine the pressures and clearances in rough EHL contacts. The pressures may then be used to calculate the subsurface stresses in the two contacting components. However, the results depend on the assumptions made about the fluid’s rheology. While it is possible to measure the clearances using interferometric techniques, measurement of either the pressures or stresses is extremely difficult. However it is these, rather than the clearances, that determine the life of the contact. In previous papers the authors have described how the inverse

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Chen, D. Y., Y. A. Chang, D. Swenson, and F. R. Shepherd. "Thermodynamically stable tungsten ohmic contacts to n-In0.53Ga0.47As." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 4 (1998): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0134.

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Based on a thermodynamic assessment of the W–In–Ga–As quaternary system, the metal W was selected as a thermodynamically stable ohmic contact material to n-In0.53Ga0.47As. As-deposited contacts (on n ∼ 1.4 × 1018 cm−3 In0.53Ga0.47As) had average specific contact resistances of 7 × 10−7 Ω ·cm2 as measured using the transmission line model. The contact resistances remained unchanged after rapid thermal annealing at 400 °C for 1 min or at 600 °C for 1 min, and exhibited no degradation in electrical properties even after long-term annealing at 500 °C for 100 h. Transmission electron microscopic ex

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Hooke, C. J. "The Influence of Piezoviscosity on the Minimum Film Thickness in Heavily Loaded Elastohydrodynamic Point Contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 204, no. 2 (1990): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1990_204_085_02.

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The lowest film thicknesses in heavily loaded point contacts occur in a band around the rear of the contact. The minimum lies either at the centre of this band or at its ends, near the sides of the conjunction. The clearances in the two regions vary independently with changes in contact geometry and operating conditions, but for relatively narrow contacts and for higher loads the clearance at the contact sides is smaller than on the centre-line. This paper examines how this side clearance alters, under heavily loaded conditions, with changes in piezoviscosity.

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Hultqvist, Tobias, Aleks Vrček, Pär Marklund, and Roland Larsson. "On Waviness and Two-Sided Surface Features in Thermal Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated Line Contacts." Lubricants 8, no. 6 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8060064.

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Machine components are designed to endure increasingly severe operating conditions due to the strive for improved energy efficiency of mechanical systems. Consequently, lubricated non-conformal contacts must rely on thin lubricant films where the influence of surface topography on the lubricating conditions becomes significant. Due to the complexity of the multiphysical problem, approximate assumptions are often employed to facilitate numerical studies of elastohydrodynamically lubricated (EHL) contacts. In this work, the rough, time dependent, thermal EHL problem is solved with focus on two m

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Qin, Wenjie, and Lunjing Duan. "Wear predictions for cams in line contacts based on multidisciplinary simulation." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 67, no. 2 (2015): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-04-2014-0034.

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Purpose – This paper aims to present the model and method involving multi-body system dynamic analysis, finite element quasi-statics contact analysis and numerical calculation of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), according to the cam wear prediction using Archard’s model. Cam–follower kinematic pairs always work under wear because of concentrated contacts. Given that a cam and follower contact often operates in the mixed or boundary lubrication regime, simulation of cam wear is a multidisciplinary problem including kinematic considerations, dynamic load and stress calculations and elastohy

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Zainuriah, Hassan, F. K. Yam, Z. J. Yap, Azlan Abdul Aziz, and Kamarulazizi Ibrahim. "Characteristics of Ni-Based Bi-Layer Contacts on GaN." Materials Science Forum 480-481 (March 2005): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.480-481.525.

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GaN-based materials have been the subject of intensive research recently for blue and ultraviolet light emission and high temperature/high power electronic devices. Ohmic contacts with low contact resistance are essential in improving the electrical and optical performances of the devices. A wide variety of contact metallizations have been reported for p-GaN, including the standard Ni/Au as well as Ni. Different surface pretreatments have been investigated to lower the contact resistivity. To employ metal layers as a reliable ohmic contact on GaN, it is essential to understand the thermal stab

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