Academic literature on the topic 'Line Profile Analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Line Profile Analysis"
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Scardi, Paolo, and Matteo Leoni. "Line profile analysis: pattern modellingversusprofile fitting." Journal of Applied Crystallography 39, no. 1 (January 12, 2006): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889805032978.
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Powder diffraction data collected on a nanocrystalline ceria sample within a round robin conducted by the IUCr Commission on Powder Diffraction were analysed by two alternative approaches: (i) whole-powder-pattern modelling based upon a fundamental microstructural parameters approach, and (ii) a traditional whole-powder-pattern fitting followed by Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach analysis. While the former gives results in close agreement with those of transmission electron microscopy, the latter tends to overestimate the domain size effect, providing size values about 20% smaller. The origin of the discrepancy can be traced back to a substantial inadequacy of profile fitting with Voigt profiles, which leads to systematic errors in the following line profile analysis by traditional methods. However, independently of the model, those systematic errors seem to have little effect on the volume-weighted mean size.
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Reiners, A., and F. Royer. "Altair's inclination from line profile analysis." Astronomy & Astrophysics 428, no. 1 (November 23, 2004): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041315.
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Troian, Andrea, Luca Rebuffi, Matteo Leoni, and Paolo Scardi. "Toward a reference material for line profile analysis." Powder Diffraction 30, S1 (December 22, 2014): S47—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715614001298.
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A powder obtained by ball milling a commercial FeMo alloy has been identified and investigated as possible reference material for powder diffraction line profile analysis. Ball milling yields micrometer-scale agglomerate particles made of rounded nanocrystalline domains with extensive lattice defects, so as to produce both size and strain contributions to the line profiles. The capability of a modern whole-powder pattern modeling to accurately quantify those aspects and the stability of the powder over a decade are shown and discussed.
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Armstrong, N., R. Whitely, A. L. Vella, A. Dowd, and I. Dragomir-Cernatescu. "X-ray line profile analysis of CeO2nanoparticles." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (August 23, 2005): c452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767305081018.
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Townsend, R. H. D. "Spatial wavelet analysis of line-profile variations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 310, no. 3 (December 11, 1999): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02996.x.
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Manninen, S. O., M. J. Cooper, and D. A. Cardwell. "Gamma ray source line broadening and compton line profile analysis." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 245, no. 2-3 (May 1986): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(86)91285-4.
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Czinkota, Sid. "Structural analysis of pipeline stresses created by line lowering." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-109.
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To increase the depth of soil which covers a buried steel pipeline, the line can be lowered without cutting and welding. The degree of curvature in the new profile is the critical factor for controlling the resultant strains. Presented are two methods of calculating the required profile for a line containing high-pressure natural gas. One of the two is selected as being more efficient than the other and is compared with other known methods. Finally, a case history using the new method is presented. Key words: pipelines, gas pipelines, structural analysis, stress analysis, axial stress, axial strain, deflection, curvature, profiles.
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Dietrich, M., and W. Kollatschny. "Emission Line Variations of BLRG." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 159 (1994): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900176259.
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In late 1989 we started a monitoring campaign of the line profile variations of more than 40 Broad-Line Radio Galaxies (BLRG) at Calar Alto Observatory/Spain. BLRG are the most extreme species of AGN regarding line width and structure of their optical emission line profiles showing FWZI up to 35000 km s−1, eg. 3C332 or Arp102B. Quite often the broad emission line profiles are characterized by a double hump structure. The analysis of the broad emission lines provides information about fundamental parameters of the inner part of the AGN like size, structure and kinematics of the line emitting region. In the following we present line profile variations of a BLRG we are studying.
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Ungár, Tamás, L. Balogh, and Gábor Ribárik. "Twinning, Dislocations and Grain Size in NanoSPD Materials Determined by X-Ray Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 584-586 (June 2008): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.584-586.571.
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High resolution X-ray line profile analysis is sensitive to crystallite size, dislocation densities and character, and to planar defects, especially stacking faults or twinning. The different effects of microstructure features can be evaluated separately on the basis of the different corresponding profile functions and the different hkl dependences of line broadening. Profiles of faulted crystals consist of sub-profiles broadened and shifted according to different hkl conditions. The systematic analysis of the breadts and shifts of sub-profiles enables X-ray line profile analysis by using defect related profile functions corresponding to: (i) size, (ii) strain and (iii) planar faults, respectively. It is shown that twinning can either be enhanced or weakened by severe plastic deformation.
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Mishnev, A., and E. Ivanovskis. "X-ray line profile analysis of nanostructured oxytocin." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 62, a1 (August 6, 2006): s163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767306096747.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Line Profile Analysis"
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Thompson, Gregory Brandon. "Time-series Analysis of Line Profile Variability in Optical Spectra of ε Orionis." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1249511358.
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Pourghahramani, Parviz. "Effects of grinding variables on structural changes and energy conversion during mechanical activation using line profile analysis (LPA) /." Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet/Chemical Engineering and Geosciences/Mineral Processing, 2006. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2006/19/index.html.
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Topping, Matthew. "An investigation into the formation and stability of dislocation loops in irradiated Zr alloys." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-into-the-formation-and-stability-of-dislocation-loops-in-irradiated-zr-alloys(176ab44b-bf14-4b78-98b0-70058a59624c).html.
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The present PhD project was carried out as part of an EPSRC Leadership Fellowship for the study of irradiation damage in zirconium alloys. The National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) directly supported the project in terms of additional funding and insightful discussions regarding irradiation damage in zirconium alloys. The research carried out within the project aims to gain a better understanding of both a- and c-loops, formed during irradiation damage in zirconium alloys. A range of techniques have been utilised to assess the morphology and density of the dislocation loops after proton-irradiations. These techniques include transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and line profile analysis (LPA) using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) profiles and analysing the data utilizing the extended convolutional multiple whole profile (CMWP) analysis software. The effect of experimental conditions on dislocation loop formation and stability of a-loops during post-irradiation annealing have also been investigated. Proton-irradiations were carried out on the commercial alloys Zircaloy-2, Optimized ZIRLOTM and also on binary Zr-0.1Fe and Zr-0.6Fe alloys. A mechanism has been proposed as to the effect of Fe redistribution on dislocation loop formation. By comparing proton-irradiated Zr-0.1Fe and Zircaloy-2 alloys it was possible to investigate the effect of increased amount of Fe redistribution, which occurs from secondary phase particle (SSP) dissolution, on the microstructural features that develop during irradiation. Zircaloy-2 has a higher density of SPPs and these are more homogenously distributed throughout the matrix in comparison to the Zr3Fe SPPs found in the Zr-0.1Fe alloy. It was found that Fe redistribution facilitates the formation of Fe-rich nano-precipitation. Bright-field STEM imaging has been used to image a- and c-loops and it was found that Zircaloy-2 had a lower dislocation line density compared to Zr-0.1Fe for both types of loops at similar damage levels. Therefore it has been proposed that Fe redistributed from SPPs precipitates in the matrix and the subsequent irradiation-induced precipitates act as annihilation sites for point defects; therefore preventing the formation of new dislocation loops and the growth of existing loops. In order to assess the effect of proton-irradiation temperature on a-loops, Zircaloy-2 and Optimized ZIRLOTM were proton irradiated to 2.3 dpa at 280°C, 350°C and 450°C. It was found that the a-loop density dropped in both alloys as irradiation temperature was increased and the a-loop diameter decreased. The changes in the density and size were more dramatic in Zircaloy-2 and this was explained by the presence of fine irradiation induced clustering of Nb seen in Optimized ZIRLOTM. These trends were calculated from both STEM imaging and CMWP, highlighting the suitability of using CMWP to investigate irradiation-induced dislocations. Finally the stability of the a-loops in proton-irradiated Zr-Fe binary alloys were investigated using novel in-situ SXRD and TEM annealing experiments. From CMWP analysis of the profiles generated during the in-situ annealing of a Zr-0.6Fe 3 dpa sample it was shown that the majority of the annealing takes place between 300°C-400°C. This was highlighted by a period of no change in the dislocation density up to 300°C, after which the density drops dramatically. In-situ annealing of a 1.5 dpa Zr-0.1Fe sample in the TEM allowed for the observation of a-loop gliding along prismatic planes enabling the annealing process taking place between 280°C-450°C, i.e. a similar temperature range at which SXRD analysis indicates the greatest level of annealing.
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Beyerlein, Kenneth Roy. "Simulation and modeling of the powder diffraction pattern from nanoparticles: studying the influence of surface strain." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41211.
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Accurate statistical characterization of nanomaterials is crucial for their use in emerging technologies. This work investigates how different structural characteristics of metal nanoparticles influence the line profiles of the corresponding powder diffraction pattern. The effects of crystallite size, shape, lattice dynamics, and surface strain are all systematically studied in terms of their impact on the line profiles.
The studied patterns are simulated from atomistic models of nanoparticles via the Debye function. This approach allows for the existing theories of diffraction to be tested, and extended, in an effort to improve the characterization of small crystallites. It also begins to allow for the incorporation of atomistic simulations into the field of diffraction. Molecular dynamics simulations are shown to be effective in generating realistic structural models and dynamics of an atomic system, and are then used to study the observed features in the powder diffraction pattern.
Furthermore, the characterization of a sample of shape controlled Pt nanoparticles is carried out through the use of a developed Debye function analysis routine in an effort to determine the predominant particle shape. The results of this modeling are shown to be in good agreement with complementary characterization methods, like transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
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PAPITTO, ALESSANDRO. "Analysis of the rotational behaviour and evolutionary scenarios of Accreting Millisecond Pulsars." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/812.
Full textAbstract:
In questo studio viene presentata un'analisi
dell'evoluzione rotazionale ed orbitale delle Pulsar X al millisecondo (AMSP). Queste sorgenti sono delle stelle di neutroni (NS) che emettono energia in raggi X accrescendo la materia trasferita da una stella compagna, tramite un disco di accrescimento. Poichè le AMSP poseggono una magnetosfera che interrompe il flusso di materia nel disco prima della superficie, concentrando l'accrescimento nelle vicinanze dei poli magnetici, l'emissione X è pulsata al periodo di rotazione della stella, che è di qualche millisecondo per una AMSP.
Il mio progetto di ricerca si basa sull'utilizzo di questa proprietà fondamentale per valutare la reazione della NS all'accrescimento di materia. Infatti le particelle di un disco di accrescimento posseggono un elevato momento angolare specifico, specialmente nelle vicinanze della NS; quando la materia viene accresciuta il suo momento angolare viene rilasciato alla stella, che tende quindi ad accellerare. E' proprio questo meccanismo che ha condotto le AMSP alla estrema velocità di rotazione attuale (un decimo della velocità della luce). Avendo a disposizione un tale orologio solidale alla stella, ho utilizzato le pulsazioni X provenienti dalla superficie per misurare le piccole variazioni della frequenza di rotazione della NS mentre accresce massa. Se ne trae quindi una misura delle coppie che agiscono su di essa e la stima delle grandezze che le regolano, principalmente il tasso di accrescimento di massa e l'intensità del campo magnetico della NS.
Tali misure sono estremamente delicate, specialmente nel caso delle AMSP. Infatti queste sorgenti accrescono massa al più per qualche mese ed, a causa dell'elevata inerzia di una NS, la variazione di frequenza attesa è solamente di poche parti su dieci miliardi. Innanzi tutto le tecniche standard di timing sono state quindi adattate al caso particolare di questi oggetti, permettendo per la prima volta una misura affidabile del loro stato rotazionale. Sono state prese in considerazione sei delle dieci AMSP scoperte sin ora. In particolare, le due alle quali mi sono dedicato maggiormente mostrano adeguatamente come il semplice schema di accellerazione della NS delineato sopra non valga in ogni caso, e come una AMSP possa anche decelerare durante l'accrescimento. La causa di tale decelerazione è individuata dalla teoria dell'accrescimento nell'interazione tra il campo magnetico e il disco di accrescimento, interazione che può quindi rallentare la stella specialmente se questa ruota molto rapidamente. In questo lavoro mostro come questi rallentamenti vengono effettivamente osservati e come consentano di ottenere stime del campo magnetico della NS.
Gli elementi basilari delle teorie dell'accrescimento su un rotatore veloce sono stati testati non solo sulla base dei risultati dell'analisi temporale. Si mostra infatti come le attese teoriche siano supportate anche alla luce dell'informazione spettrale. In particolare l'osservazione di una AMSP mostra la presenza di una riga del ferro molto larga nel suo spettro in raggi X. Essendo la regione interna del disco di accrescimento l'unica possibile regione di formazione di una riga così larga, è stato possibile misurare, per la prima volta nel caso di una pulsar, l'estensione del bordo interno del disco. Il valore misurato è perfettamente in accordo con il ristretto intervallo permesso dalla teoria, rappresentando così una verifica fondamentale della sua consistenza.
L'analisi temporale consente inoltre di valutare l'evoluzione orbitale del sistema binario al quale appartiene la NS. Nell'unico caso di un sistema che abbia mostrato più di un episodio di attività, si è trovata evidenza di una evoluzione molto più rapida di quella attesa. Questo comportamento può essere spiegato solo in termini di rilevanti perdite di massa, massa che porta con sé la quantità di momento angolare necessaria per rendere conto dell'evoluzione misurata. Ciò supporta inoltre l'ipotesi che tali perdite di massa siano dovute all'accensione di una pulsar alimentata dalla rotazione durante le sue fasi di quiete del sistema. Questo può in definitiva essere considerato uno dei pochi casi astrofisici in cui viene osservata in tempo reale un'evoluzione altamente non conservativa.
I risultati presentati in questa tesi coprono quindi molti aspetti della fisica di questi sistemi, mostrando come l'unione dell'analisi temporale e spettrale possa fornire una gran quantità di informazioni su questi sistemi estremi e per certi versi sconcertanti. In definitiva sono state confermate le attese teoriche di base sull'accrescimento su NS veloci, ma si aprono anche diverse questioni che promettono di gettare maggiore luce sulla fisica dell'ambiente immediatamente circostante la stella e sull'effettiva linea evolutiva delle AMSP.I present in this study an analysis of the spin and orbital evolution of Accreting Millisecond Pulsars (AMSP). These sources are neutron stars (NS) emitting X-rays because of the accretion of mass transferred by a nearby companion star through an accretion disc. As AMSP owns a magnetosphere that truncates the disc before the NS, thus channelling accreted matter in the vicinity of the magnetic poles, their X-ray emission is pulsed at the NS spin period, which is of few milliseconds in an AMSP. My scientific project relies on the use this invaluable property to evaluate the rotational reaction of the NS to the accretion of mass. As a matter of fact, mass orbiting in an accretion disc has a large specific angular momentum especially close to the NS; when this matter is accreted, it releases its angular momentum to the NS that is therefore expected to accelerate. It is indeed through this mechanism that AMSP have been spun up to their extreme rotational velocities (up to 0.1 times the speed of light in vacuum). I therefore used the X-ray pulsations coming from the NS surface as a clock to precisely measure the tiny variations of the accretor spin frequency as it accretes. This is ultimately a measure of the accretion torques acting on the NS and allows a model dependent estimate of the physical quantities regulating these torques, mainly the rate at which mass is accreted on the NS and the magnetic field straight. Such measurements can be very tricky especially for AMSP. They accrete mass for at most few months, and because of to the large inertia of a NS, the expected frequency variations are of only few parts on ten billions. Standard timing techniques were therefore first tailored to the particular case of these sources, allowing for the first time reliable estimates of their spin state. Six among the ten AMSP discovered so far are considered in this work. In particular, the two sources I focused on the most show how the simple picture of the NS spin-up outlined above does not hold in every case, as the outcome of the accretion can also be the deceleration of the NS. The reason for this behaviour is interpreted by the accretion theory in terms of the interaction between the magnetic field and the accretion disc. This interaction may then brake of the compact object especially if it is very fast. I show in this work how these spin-down are effectively observed and how this allows an estimate of the NS magnetic field. The basics of the accretion picture onto a fast object are tested not only on the basis of a temporal analysis. I show in fact how the spectral information also supports the theoretical expectations. In particular a high spectral resolution observation of a AMSP shows the presence of a broadened iron line in its X-ray spectrum. The only viable location for the formation of a line so broadened is the inner part of the accretion disc, thus allowing for the first time the measure of the size of the inner disc rim of a pulsar. This measure is perfectly consistent with the small range allowed by theory, thus representing a fundamental test of their consistency. Temporal analysis also allows to enlighten the evolution of the binary system the NS belongs to. In the only case of a system which recurred more than once, we could find evidence of a faster than expected evolution. We interpret such behaviour as an indication of relevant mass lost which carries away the angular momentum needed to match the observations. This supports the hypothesis that a rotation powered pulsar switches on during the quiescent phases of the binary. Moreover, this observation can be considered as one of the few astrophysical cases in which a highly non conservative evolution was directly observed. The results presented in this thesis cover many aspects of the physics of these fast accretors, and show how X-ray temporal and spectral analysis can jointly supply a wealth of information on the physical state of these extreme and puzzling systems. These results confirm the basic theoretical expectations but open also several issues which are very promising to shed some light in particular on the environment surrounding these fast rotating NS and on their actual evolutionary progeny.
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Benredjem, Djamel. "Etude théorique du déplacement des raies spectrales par effet de polarisation dans les plasmas denses : cas des raies de l'hélium hydrogenoïde." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066016.
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Le déplacement des raies de l'hélium hydrogenoïde émises dans les plasmas denses a été calculé en considérant l'effet des électrons libres et celui des ions perturbateurs sur l'émetteur. Le premier, déterminé par une méthode de potentiel auto-consistant, induit un déplacement vers le rouge alors que le second, calcule par perturbation, décale les raies vers le bleu. Deux méthodes de calcul de cette grandeur ont été développées : l'une permet d'évaluer le déplacement comme moment spectral du profil complet; l'autre, plus simple, séparé les deux contributions et peut s'appliquer à des états très excités. Les résultats théoriques obtenus sont en accord quantitatif avec les expériences les plus récentes.
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Khemiri, Rym. "Vers l'OLAP collaboratif pour la recommandation des analyses en ligne personnalisées." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22015/document.
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La personnalisation vise à recueillir les intérêts, les préférences, les usages, les contraintes, le contexte, etc. souvent considérés comme faisant partie de ce que l'on appelle ''profil utilisateur'' pour ensuite les intégrer dans un système et les exploiter afin de permettre à l'utilisateur d'accéder rapidement aux informations les plus pertinentes pour lui. Par ailleurs, au sein d'une organisation, différents acteurs sont amenés à prendre des décisions à différents niveaux de responsabilité et ont donc besoin de réaliser des analyses à partir de l'entrepôt de données pour supporter la prise de décision. Ainsi, dans le contexte de cette communauté d'utilisateurs de l'entrepôt de données, la notion de collaboration émerge. Il est alors intéressant de combiner les concepts de personnalisation et de collaboration pour approcher au mieux les besoins des utilisateurs en leur recommandant des analyses en ligne pertinentes. L'objectif de ce mémoire est de proposer une approche collaborative pour l'OLAP, impliquant plusieurs utilisateurs, dirigée par un processus de personnalisation intégré aux systèmes décisionnels afin de pouvoir aider l'utilisateur final dans son processus d'analyse en ligne. Qu'il s'agisse de personnalisation du modèle d'entrepôt, de recommandation de requêtes décisionnelles ou de recommandation de chemins de navigation au sein des cubes de données, l'utilisateur a besoin d'un système décisionnel efficace qui l'aide dans sa démarche d'analyse en ligne. La finalité est de fournir à l'utilisateur des réponses pertinentes proches de ses besoins pour qu'il puisse mieux appréhender ses prises de décision. Nous nous sommes intéressés dans cette thèse à trois problèmes relevant de la prise en compte de l'utilisateur au sein des entrepôts de données et de l'OLAP. Nos contributions s'appuient sur la combinaison de techniques issues de la fouille de données avec les entrepôts et OLAP. Notre première contribution est une approche qui consiste à personnaliser les hiérarchies de dimensions afin d'obtenir des axes d'analyse nouveaux sémantiquement plus riches pouvant aider l'utilisateur à réaliser de nouvelles analyses non prévues par le modèle de l'entrepôt initial. En effet, nous relâchons la contrainte du modèle fixe de l'entrepôt, ce qui permet à l'utilisateur de créer de nouveaux axes d'analyse pertinents en tenant compte à la fois de ses contraintes et des connaissances enfouies dans les données entreposées. Notre approche repose sur une méthode d'apprentissage non-supervisé, le k-means contraint, capable de créer de nouveaux regroupements intéressants des données entreposées pouvant constituer un nouveau niveau de hiérarchie permettant de réaliser de nouvelles requêtes décisionnelles. L'intérêt est alors de pouvoir exploiter ces nouveaux niveaux de hiérarchie pour que les autres utilisateurs appartenant à la même communauté d'utilisateurs puissent en tirer profit, dans l'esprit d'un système collaboratif dans lequel chacun apporte sa pierre à l'édifice. Notre deuxième contribution est une approche interactive pour aider l'utilisateur à formuler de nouvelles requêtes décisionnelles pour construire des cubes OLAP pertinents en s'appuyant sur ses requêtes décisionnelles passées, ce qui lui permet d'anticiper sur ses besoins d'analyse futurs. Cette approche repose sur l'extraction des motifs fréquents à partir d'une charge de requêtes associée à un ou à un ensemble d'utilisateurs appartenant à la même communauté d'acteurs d'une organisation. Notre intuition est que la pertinence d'une requête décisionnelle est fortement corrélée avec la fréquence d'utilisation par l'utilisateur (ou un ensemble d'utilisateurs) des attributs associés à l'ensemble de ses (leurs) requêtes précédentes. Notre approche de formulation de requêtes (...)The objective of this thesis is to provide a collaborative approach to the OLAP involving several users, led by an integrated personalization process in decision-making systems in order to help the end user in their analysis process. Whether personalizing the warehouse model, recommending decision queries or recommending navigation paths within the data cubes, the user need an efficient decision-making system that assist him. We were interested in three issues falling within data warehouse and OLAP personalization offering three major contributions. Our contributions are based on a combination of datamining techniques with data warehouses and OLAP technology. Our first contribution is an approach about personalizing dimension hierarchies to obtain new analytical axes semantically richer for the user that can help him to realize new analyzes not provided by the original data warehouse model. Indeed, we relax the constraint of the fixed model of the data warehouse which allows the user to create new relevant analysis axes taking into account both his/her constraints and his/her requirements. Our approach is based on an unsupervised learning method, the constrained k-means. Our goal is then to recommend these new hierarchy levels to other users of the same user community, in the spirit of a collaborative system in which each individual brings his contribution. The second contribution is an interactive approach to help the user to formulate new decision queries to build relevant OLAP cubes based on its past decision queries, allowing it to anticipate its future analysis needs. This approach is based on the extraction of frequent itemsets from a query load associated with one or a set of users belonging to the same actors in a community organization. Our intuition is that the relevance of a decision query is strongly correlated to the usage frequency of the corresponding attributes within a given workload of a user (or group of users). Indeed, our approach of decision queries formulation is a collaborative approach because it allows the user to formulate relevant queries, step by step, from the most commonly used attributes by all actors of the user community. Our third contribution is a navigation paths recommendation approach within OLAP cubes. Users are often left to themselves and are not guided in their navigation process. To overcome this problem, we develop a user-centered approach that suggests the user navigation guidance. Indeed, we guide the user to go to the most interesting facts in OLAP cubes telling him the most relevant navigation paths for him. This approach is based on Markov chains that predict the next analysis query from the only current query. This work is part of a collaborative approach because transition probabilities from one query to another in the cuboids lattice (OLAP cube) is calculated by taking into account all analysis queries of all users belonging to the same community. To validate our proposals, we present a support system user-centered decision which comes in two subsystems: (1) content personalization and (2) recommendation of decision queries and navigation paths. We also conducted experiments that showed the effectiveness of our analysis online user centered approaches using quality measures such as recall and precision
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Beyerlein, Kenneth Roy. "Simulation and Modeling of the Powder Diffraction Pattern from Nanoparticles: Studying the Effects of Faulting in Small Crystallites." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368693.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate statistical characterization of nanomaterials is crucial for their use in emerging technologies. This work investigates how different structural characteristics of metal nanoparticles influence the line profiles of the corresponding powder diffraction pattern. The effects of crystallite size, shape, lattice dynamics, and faulting are all systematically studied in terms of their impact on the line profiles.
The studied patterns are simulated from atomistic models of nanoparticles via the Debye function. This approach allows for the existing theories of diffraction to be tested, and extended, in an effort to improve the characterization of small crystallites. It also begins to allow for the incorporation of atomistic simulations into the field of diffraction. Molecular dynamics simulations are shown to be effective in generating realistic structural models and dynamics of an atomic system, and are then used to study the observed features in the powder diffraction pattern.
Furthermore, the characterization of a sample of shape controlled Pt nanoparticles is carried out through the use of a developed Debye function analysis routine in an effort to determine the predominant particle shape. The results of this modeling are shown to be in good agreement with complementary characterization methods, like transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
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Cohen, D. H., M. A. Leutenegger, and R. H. D. Townsend. "Quantitative analysis of resolved X-ray emission line profiles of O stars." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1811/.
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By quantitatively fitting simple emission line profile models that include both atomic opacity and porosity to the Chandra X-ray spectrum of ζ Pup, we are able to explore the trade-offs between reduced mass-loss rates and wind porosity. We find that reducing the mass-loss rate of ζ Pup by roughly a factor of four, to 1.5 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1, enables simple non-porous wind models to provide good fits to the data. If, on the other hand, we take the literature mass-loss rate of 6×10−6 M⊙ yr−1, then to produce X-ray line profiles that fit the data, extreme porosity lengths – of h∞ ≈ 3 R∗ – are required. Moreover, these porous models do not provide better fits to the data than the non-porous, low optical depth models. Additionally, such huge porosity lengths do not seem realistic in light of 2-D numerical simulations of the wind instability.
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Butchar, Jonathan P. "Microarray analysis of drosophila EGF receptor signaling and cell line expression profiles." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1141824872.
Full textBooks on the topic "Line Profile Analysis"
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Gubicza, Jeno. X-ray line profile analysis in materials science. Hershey, PA: Engineering Science Reference, an imprint of IGI global, 2014.
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Group, Medical Economics Research, ed. The Doctors' financial profile: An analysis of physicians' assets and lifestyles, 1993. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Pub., 1993.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Profiled roller stress/fatigue life analysis methodology and establishment of an appropriate stress/life exponent: Results summary. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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Jappelli, Tullio. The age-wealth profile and the life-cycle hypothesis: A cohort analysis with a time series of cross-sections of Italian households. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1995.
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Kovalenko, Vladimir. Design of information systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987869.
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The tutorial discusses the design features of information systems (is) involved in the implementation of CALS technologies: MRP/MRPII/ERP systems, e-Commerce systems (B2B), supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), and decision support systems (OLAP). The issues of choosing the design technology, software tools for project development, building functional and information models in the environment of Business Studio, MS Visio, Elma, AllFusion Modeling Suite and Oracle Designer 10g, as well as the development of technical and operational documentation are highlighted. The characteristics of CASE technologies and their implementation in the Oracle Designer 10g environment are considered. A comparative analysis of the standards of the organization of the life cycle of creating and using IP, practical recommendations for the development of standard profiles, examples of the development of an IP project based on a cascading model of the life cycle, including using a process approach in the management and automation of processes. The models of the client — server architecture and the structure of cloud computing are considered. Modern approaches to the selection of ready-made is and their implementation in automated enterprises are studied in detail.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students (bachelors and specialists) and masters of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of "Applied Informatics". It is also recommended for teachers and specialists working in the field of information technology.
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Murphy, Patrick D. Battle of the Blogosphere. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041037.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how the multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation Monsanto has attempted to re-brand itself from a chemical company to a food company through the elaboration of a highly interlaced, multi-platform on-line media strategy. This image enhancement operation is a response to its many critics—from citizen-based groups in India and Mexico to prominent food security activists like Michael Pollan and Vandana Shiva. At the center of analysis is how Monsanto has used the trope of “sustainability” to craft a proactive profile that is responsive to the challenges that the planet is facing. Foregrounding the issue of environmental agency, the chapter provides an assessment of what kinds of environmental discourses the company privileges through its media operations, and how these have been produced as a means to combat those who have challenged Monsanto’s vision of food production and “responsible” environmental stewardship.
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Modeling and life prediction methodology for titanium matrix composites subjected to mission profiles. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.
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Modeling and life prediction methodology for titanium matrix composites subjected to mission profiles. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.
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Smith, Robert C., Stefan Leucht, and John M. Davis. Maximizing response to first-line antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198828761.003.0003.
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The choice of first-line antipsychotic treatment for patients with schizophrenia should balance considerations of differential efficacy of antipsychotics against the relative risk of different side effects. In terms of efficacy, recent meta-analyses have shown that antipsychotics are not equivalent in efficacy. Clozapine, amisulpride, olanzapine, and risperidone show small to moderate, but statistically significant, differences, indicating greater efficacy compared to a number of other antipsychotics on some primary efficacy outcome measures. Amisulpride and cariprazine have the strongest evidence for greater efficacy for treating negative symptoms relative to other antipsychotics. In terms of side effects, clozapine and olanzapine have among the highest weight gain potential and amisulpride has more effects on QTc prolongation and prolactin elevation than other commonly used antipsychotics. Adjunctive treatment with an antidepressant drug may improve response in patients with schizophrenia who also have severe depressive or negative symptoms. For a patient with an inadequate response to an adequate dose and duration of the initial antipsychotic choice, switching to another antipsychotic with a different receptor profile may improve response, although evidence is limited. There is little evidence to support using doses above the therapeutic range other than in exceptional circumstances.
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Slobin, Mark. Border Traffic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882082.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on Detroit’s Jewish community, first taking up its complex, many-layered internal musical life, from religious to politically radical, across a range of initiatives and institutions. Next comes an analysis of how the group used music as a mode of outreach to mainstream Detroit, impacting the city’s cultural life, especially through intense engagement with classical music. The role of the Jews in the survival of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra is outlined. Profiles of key activists’ careers—Julius Chajes, Mischa Mischakoff, Mischa Kottler, Emma Schaver--and the development of institutional life illustrate these practices of “border traffic.”
Book chapters on the topic "Line Profile Analysis"
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Mittemeijer, Eric J., and Udo Welzel. "Diffraction Line-Profile Analysis." In Modern Diffraction Methods, 87–126. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527649884.ch4.
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Langford, J. I. "Line Profile Analysis: A Historical Overview." In Diffraction Analysis of the Microstructure of Materials, 3–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06723-9_1.
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Mery, Domingo. "Crossing Line Profile: A New Approach to Detecting Defects in Aluminium Die Casting." In Image Analysis, 725–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45103-x_96.
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Bourniquel, B., J. M. Sprauel, J. Feron, and J. L. Lebrun. "Warren-Averbach Analysis of X-ray Line Profile (even truncated) Assuming a Voigt -like Profile." In International Conference on Residual Stresses, 184–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1143-7_29.
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Kimmel, G., J. Sariel, I. Dahan, S. Nathan, and U. Admon. "Enhancing XRPD Pattern Quality With Line-Profile-Fitting in Multiphase Systems." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 95–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2528-8_12.
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Chandra, Dhanesh, Himanshu Mandalia, Michael L. Garner, Mary Kay Blakely, and K. H. Lau. "Line Profile Analyses of Rhodium Metal Obtained by Decomposition of Rhodium Carbonyl." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 413–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1797-9_48.
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Armstrong, N., and P. Lynch. "Determining the Dislocation Contrast Factor for X-ray Line Profile Analysis." In Diffraction Analysis of the Microstructure of Materials, 249–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06723-9_10.
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Ustinov, A. I., L. O. Olikhovska, N. M. Budarina, and F. Bernard. "Line Profile Fitting: The Case of fcc Crystals Containing Stacking Faults." In Diffraction Analysis of the Microstructure of Materials, 333–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06723-9_13.
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Gibaud, A. "A Rietveld Profile Analysis Treatment of Line-Broadening in KAlF4 layered compound." In Chemical Crystallography with Pulsed Neutrons and Synchroton X-rays, 592. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4027-7_42.
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Sutta, P., Q. Jackuliak, V. Tvarozek, and I. Novotny. "X-Ray Diffraction Line Profile Analysis of ZnO Thin Films Deposited on Al-SiO2-Si Substrates." In Science and Technology of Electroceramic Thin Films, 327–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2950-5_24.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Line Profile Analysis"
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"Convergence Behavior in Line Profile Analysis Using Convolutional Multiple Whole-Profile Software." In Residual Stresses 2018. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291890-10.
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Freche, T., and N. Vincent. "Fractal analysis of a hand-written line by profile approximation." In IEE Third European Workshop on Handwriting Analysis and Recognition. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980694.
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Park, Tae-Jo. "Effect of Roller Profile and Misalignment in EHL of Finite Line Contacts." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24367.
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All the rollers of cylindrical and tapered roller bearing are axially profiled to relieve high edge stress concentration caused by mainly their finite length and by misalignment. In this paper, a numerical solution of the EHL of finite line contacts is presented for axially profiled and misaligned (tilted) cylindrical roller. Applying a finite difference method with non-uniform grids and the Newton-Raphson method, the highly nonlinear problems are systematically solved. Physically consistent solutions are obtained for moderate load and material parameters, and very small misalignment. For two different dub-off radii and various misalignment angles, contours and sectional plots of pressure and film shape near edge regions are compared, and variations of the minimum film thicknesses are showed. The effect of misalignment on the EHL pressure distribution is much higher than the film shapes. The absolute minimum film thickness decreases highly with misalignment angle and profile radius while the central minimum film thickness at the footprint center is nearly constant.
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Smith, Myron A. "Detection of stellar velocity fields from line profile analysis." In Spectroscopy '90, 4-6 June, Los Cruces, edited by Bernard J. McNamara and Jeremy M. Lerner. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.22106.
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Grupp, Frank U., Liang Wang, Hanna Kellermann, Ralf Bender, and Ulrich Hopp. "Line profile analysis of the laser frequency comb in FOCES." In Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIII, edited by Stuart Shaklan. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2273706.
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Xie, Yongjun, Zhenwu Lu, Fengyou Li, and Zhicheng Weng. "The analysis of line profile in laser direct writing process." In 19th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for the Quality of Life, edited by Giancarlo C. Righini and Anna Consortini. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.527606.
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Chen, Jiao, Yuan Li, Jianfeng Yu, and Wenbin Tang. "Profile Tolerances Modeling: A Unified Framework for Representing Geometric Variations for Line Profiles." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51154.
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Tolerance modeling is the most basic issue in Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT). It will negatively influence the performance of subsequent activities such as tolerance analysis to a great extent if the resultant model cannot accurately represent variations in tolerance zone. According to ASME Y14.5M Standard [1], there is a class of profile tolerances for lines and surfaces which should also be interpreted correctly. Aim at this class of tolerances, the paper proposes a unified framework called DOFAS for representing them which composed of three parts: a basic DOF (Degrees of Freedom) model for interpreting geometric variations for profiles, an assessment method for filtering out and rejecting those profiles cannot be accurately represented and a split algorithm for splitting rejected profiles into sub profiles to make their variations interpretable. The scope of discussion in this paper is restricted to the line profiles; we will focus on the surface profiles in forthcoming papers. From the DOF model, two types of errors result from the rotations of the features are identified and formulized. One type of the errors is the result of the misalignment between profile boundary and tolerance zone boundary (noted as type 1); and if the feature itself exceeds the range of tolerance zone the other type of errors will form (noted as type 2). Specifically, it is required that the boundary points of the line profile should align with the corresponding boundary lines of the tolerance zone and an arbitrary point of the line profile should lie within the tolerance zone when line profile rotates in the tolerance zone. To make DOF model as accurate as possible, an assessment method and a split algorithm are developed to evaluate and eliminate these two type errors. It is clear that not all the line features carry the two type errors; as such the assessment method is used as a filter for checking and reserving such features that are consistent with the error conditions. In general, feature with simple geometry is error-free and selected by the filter whereas feature with complex geometry is rejected. According to the two type errors, two sub-procedures of the assessment process are introduced. The first one mathematically is a scheme of solving the maximum deviation of rotation trajectories of profile boundary, so as to neglect the type 1 error if it approaches to zero. The other one is to solve the maximum deviation of trajectories of all points of the feature: type 2 error can be ignored when the retrieved maximum deviation is not greater than prescribed threshold, so that the feature will always stay within the tolerance zone. For such features rejected by the filter which are inconsistent with the error conditions, the split algorithm, which is spread into the three cases of occurrence of type 1 error, occurrence of type 2 error and concurrence of two type errors, is developed to ease their errors. By utilizing and analyzing the geometric and kinematic properties of the feature, the split point is recognized and obtained accordingly. Two sub-features are retrieved from the split point and then substituted into the DOFAS framework recursively until all split features can be represented in desired resolution. The split algorithm is efficient and self-adapting lies in the fact that the rules applied can ensure high convergence rate and expected results. Finally, the implementation with two examples indicates that the DOFAS framework is capable of representing profile tolerances with enhanced accuracy thus supports the feasibility of the proposed approach.
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Ruiyuan, Kang, Panos Liatsis, and Dimitrios C. Kyritsis. "Quantifying Line-of-Sight Profile Nonuniformity Effect on Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Temperature Measurement via Data Analysis." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87538.
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Abstract Some studies have qualitatively proved that nonuniform profiles along the light path in turbulent flows can cause temperature measurement inaccuracies in Laser Absorption spectroscopy (LAS), based on the analysis of Beer-Lambert’s law. In this work, we attempt to further analyze this nonuniformity effect quantitatively from the viewpoint of data analysis. Ten thousand synthetic CO2 absorption spectra are respectively generated from uniform profiles and five discrete sections nonuniform profiles. Sixteen machine learning/deep learning models are trained on the spectra of uniform profiles to estimate the (average) temperature. The top three models, i.e., VGG13, XGBoost, and GPR with constant kernel, are used to estimate the average temperature of nonuniform-profile spectra. Furthermore, the model sensitivities are examined for spectral twins, which have similar spectra appearance, but totally different temperature/concentration along the light path. The results demonstrate that while all models work well on uniformprofile spectra, the three best models cannot provide accurate average temperature estimation for nonuniform-profile spectra. The maximum of the absolute error can reach up to 942 K and the corresponding root mean squared errors (RMSE) are all above 200 K. Moreover, the top three models have weak sensitivity when it comes to distinguishing temperature differences between spectra twins, particularly when more stringent spectra twin selection criteria are used.
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Ichikawa, R. U., L. G. Martinez, K. Imakuma, H. M. S. M. D. Linhares, I. M. Ranieri, and X. Turrillas. "Size-strain analysis in RE-doped KY3F10 fluorides using X-ray line profile analysis." In V Encontro Científico de Física Aplicada. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/phypro-ecfa-050.
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Molnar, Jakab, Attila Csoban, and Peter T. Zwierczyk. "Analysis Of Tip Relief Profiles For Involute Spur Gears." In 35th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2021-0147.
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The main goal of this research was to study the influence of involute spur gear tip relief on the contact stress at the engagement meshing point (the begining point of the line of contact A). Different predefined involute spur gears and modification parameters (amount and length of modification) were already available from previous studies (Schmidt 2019). In this study, both the drive and the driven gear has tip relief. The modification of the gear profile was achieved through the modification of the gear rack cutter’s profile. This way the profil modification of the gear profiles are generated during the gear generation (gear planning) process. The gears have been nitrided, so after the gear manufacturing process, the heat treatment did not defrom the modified gear profile. The gear modifications were generated in a CAD system, and the calculations were made with FEM. The results show that the tip relief influences the magnitude of the gear contact stress at the first meshig point. With the use of tip relief modification, the contact stress of the meshing gears can be reduced at the beginning of the meshing line.
Reports on the topic "Line Profile Analysis"
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Torres-Mancera, Rocio, Carlos de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado, and Patricia P. Iglesias-Sanchez. Public Relations and the Fundraising professional in the Cultural Heritage Industry: a study of Spain and Mexico / Las relaciones públicas y el profesional de la captación de fondos en la industria del patrimonio cultural: un estudio de España y México. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-21-2021-03-27-48.
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The present research aims to understand the current situation of strategic communication and public relations applied in the professional field of fundraising in the cultural heritage environment. It observes the current patterns used in the sector to obtain and generate long-term sustainable funding, through the stimulation of investors and International Cooperation projects from the European Union in line with UNESCO. Two international case studies are compared: Spain and Mexico, through the selection of territorial samples in Malaga and San Luis Potosi. The methodology used is based on a combination of in-depth interviews with key informants and content analysis. In the first instance, the degree of application of communication and public relations tools for strategic purposes to directly attract economic resources to the management of cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) in the region is studied. In line with the results obtained, the current parameters and key indicators of the profile of the fundraising professional in public and private cultural management are presented.
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Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.
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Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance of alternative MLMS units was performed. These MLMS included an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a portable backpack system along with its vehicle-mounted version, a medium-grade wheel-based system, and a high-grade wheel-based system. Point cloud from all the MLMS units were in agreement in the vertical direction within the ±3 cm range for solid surfaces, such as paved roads, and ±7 cm range for surfaces with vegetation. The portable backpack system that could be carried by a surveyor or mounted on a vehicle and was the most flexible MLMS. The report concludes that due to flexibility and cost effectiveness of the portable backpack system, it is the preferred platform for mapping roadside ditches, followed by the medium-grade wheel-based system. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulders, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data, and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulder, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively.
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Bakaç, Cafer, Jetmir Zyberaj, and James C. Barela. Predicting telecommuting preferences and job outcomes amid COVID-19 pandemic : A latent profile analysis. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-49214.
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Telecommuting is defined as “a work practice that involves members of an organization substituting a portion of their typical work hours (ranging from a few hours per week to nearly full-time) to work away from a central workplace—typically principally from home —using technology to interact with others as needed to conduct work tasks”(Allen, Golden, & Shockley, 2015: 44). This kind of practice substantially differs from the regular and ordinary modes of work because employees perform their usual work in different settings, usually from home (Allen et al., 2015). Although research has been conducted on telecommuting since the 1970s, it has recently become critical when life incidents, like the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many to work from home. Such events offer rare opportunities, for a wide range of researchers and from various fields, to study important questions that would not typically be able to be asked, such as about telecommuting experiences. We took this opportunity and conducted two studies regarding telecommuting, basing our rationale on the fact that many on-site employees were forced to work from home, across a wide range of occupations as a direct result of the pandemic(Kramer & Kramer, 2020). The aim of our study, thus, was to investigate the preferences of employees who were forced to work from home. Specifically, bycreating latent profiles from important work and personality related constructs, we aimed at predicting employees’ preference for working from home or working on-site based on these profiles, and further investigate the relationship of these latent profiles to perceived productivity, job satisfaction, and job engagement.
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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Albury-Wodonga. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206966.
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Albury-Wodonga, situated in Wiradjuri country, sits astride the Murray River and has benefitted in many ways from its almost equidistance from Sydney and Melbourne. It has found strength in the earlier push for decentralisation begun in early 1970s. A number of State and Federal agencies have ensured middle class professionals now call this region home. Light industry is a feature of Wodonga while Albury maintains the traditions and culture of its former life as part of the agricultural squattocracy. Both Local Councils are keen to work cooperatively to ensure the region is an attractive place to live signing an historical partnership agreement. The region’s road, rail, increasing air links and now digital infrastructure, keep it closely connected to events elsewhere. At the same time its distance from the metropolitan centres has meant it has had to ensure that its creative and cultural life has been taken into its own hands. The establishment of the sophisticated Murray Art Museum Albury (MAMA) as well as the presence of the LibraryMuseum, Hothouse Theatre, Fruit Fly Circus, The Cube, Arts Space and the development of Gateway Island on the Murray River as a cultural hub, as well as the high profile activities of its energetic, entrepreneurial and internationally savvy locals running many small businesses, events and festivals, ensures Albury Wodonga has a creative heart to add to its rural and regional activities.
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Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, Marla Binzel, Efraim Lewinsohn, Joseph Burger, and Arthur Schaffer. Genomic Approach to the Improvement of Fruit Quality in Melon (Cucumis melo) and Related Cucurbit Crops II: Functional Genomics. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592123.bard.
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Background: Genomics tools for enhancement of melon research, with an emphasis on fruit, were developed through a previous BARD project of the PIs (IS -333-02). These included the first public melon EST collection, a database to relay this information to the research community and a publicly available microarray. The current project (IS-3877- 06) aimed to apply these tools for identification of important genes for improvement of melon (Cucumis melo) fruit quality. Specifically, the research plans included expression analysis using the microarray and functional analyses of selected genes. The original project objectives, as they appeared in the approved project, were: Objective 1: Utilization of a public melon microarray developed under the existing project to characterize melon transcriptome activity during the ripening of normal melon fruit (cv. Galia) in order to provide a basis for both a general view of melon transcriptome activity during ripening and for comparison with existing transcriptome data of developing tomato and pepper fruit. Objective 2: Utilization of the same public melon microarray to characterize melon transcriptome activity in lines available in the collection of the Israeli group, focusing on sugar, organic acids and aroma metabolism, so as to identify potentially useful candidates for functional analysis and possible manipulation, through comparison with the general fruit development profile resulting from (1) above. Objective 3: Expansion of our existing melon EST database to include publicly available gene expression data and query tools, as the US group has done with tomato. Objective 4: Selection of 6-8 candidate genes for functional analysis and development of DNA constructs for repression or over-expression. Objective 5: Creation of transgenic melon lines, or transgenic heterologous systems (e.g. E. coli or tomato), to assess putative functions and potential as tools for molecular enhancement of melon fruit quality, using the candidate gene constructs from (4).
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory B. Martin. molecular link from PAMP perception to a MAPK cascade associated with tomato disease resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597918.bard.
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The research problem: The detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a key mechanism by which plants activate an effective immune response against pathogen attack. MAPK cascades are important signaling components downstream of PRRs that transduce the PAMP signal to activate various defense responses. Preliminary experiments suggested that the receptor-like cytoplasmickinase (RLCK) Mai5 plays a positive role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and interacts with the MAPKKK M3Kε. We thus hypothesized that Mai5, as other RLCKs, functions as a component PRR complexes and acts as a molecular link between PAMP perception and activation of MAPK cascades. Original goals: The central goal of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Mai5 and M3Kε regulate plant immunity. Specific objectives were to: 1. Determine the spectrum of PAMPs whose perception is transmitted by M3Kε; 2. Identify plant proteins that act downstream of M3Kε to mediate PTI; 3. Investigate how and where Mai5 interacts with M3Kε in the plant cell; 4. Examine the mechanism by which Mai5 contributes to PTI. Changes in research directions: We did not find convincing evidence for the involvement of M3Kε in PTI signaling and substituted objectives 1 and 3 with research activities aimed at the analysis of transcriptomic profiles of tomato plants during the onset of plant immunity, isolation of the novel tomato PRR FLS3, and investigation of the involvement of the RLCKBSKs in PTI. Main achievements during this research program are in the following major areas: 1. Functional characterization of Mai5. The function of Mai5 in PTI signaling was demonstrated by testing the effect of silencing the Mai5 gene by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments and in cell death assays. Domains of Mai5 that interact with MAPKKKs and subcellular localization of Mai5 were analyzed in detail. 2. Analysis of transcriptional profiles during the tomato immune responses to Pseudomonas syringae (Pombo et al., 2014). We identified tomato genes whose expression is induced specifically in PTI or in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Thirty ETI-specific genes were examined by VIGS for their involvement in immunity and the MAPKKK EPK1, was found to be required for ETI. 3. Dissection of MAP kinase cascades downstream of M3Kε (Oh et al., 2013; Teper et al., 2015). We identified genes that encode positive (SGT and EDS1) and negative (WRKY1 and WRKY2) regulators of the ETI-associated cell death mediated by M3Kε. In addition, the MKK2 MAPKK, which acts downstream of M3Kε, was found to interact with the MPK3 MAPK and specific MPK3 amino acids involved interaction were identified and found to be required for induction of cell death. We also identified 5 type III effectors of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonaseuvesicatoria that inhibited cell death induced by components of ETI-associated MAP kinase cascades. 4. Isolation of the tomato PRR FLS3 (Hind et al., submitted). FLS3, a novel PRR of the LRR-RLK family that specifically recognizes the flagellinepitope flgII-28 was isolated. FLS3 was shown to bind flgII-28, to require kinase activity for function, to act in concert with BAK1, and to enhance disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. 5. Functional analysis of RLCKs of the brassinosteroid signaling kinase (BSK) family.Arabidopsis and tomato BSKs were found to interact with PRRs. In addition, certain ArabidospsisBSK mutants were found to be impaired in PAMP-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities discovered and characterized new molecular components of signaling pathways mediating recognition of invading pathogens and activation of immune responses against them. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunity will allow them to be manipulated by both molecular breeding and genetic engineering to produce plants with enhanced natural defense against disease.
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Yagci Sokat, Kezban. Understanding the Role of Transportation in Human Trafficking in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2108.
Full textAbstract:
Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the recruitment, transport, and/or transfer of persons using force, fraud, or coercion to exploit them for acts of labor or sex. According to the International Labor Organization, human trafficking is the fastest growing organized crime with approximately $150 billion in annual profits and 40.3 million individuals trapped in slave-like conditions. While it is not compulsory to involve transportation for human trafficking, the transportation industry plays a critical role in combating human trafficking as traffickers often rely on the transportation system to recruit, move, or transfer victims. This multi-method study investigates the role of transportation in combatting human trafficking in California by conducting a survey followed up with semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The expert input is supplemented with labor violations and transit accessibility analysis. Experts emphasize the importance of education, training, and awareness efforts combined with partnership, data, and analysis. Screening transportation industry personnel for human trafficking is another step that the industry can take to combat this issue. Particularly, sharing perpetrator information and transportation related trends among transportation modalities and local groups could help all anti-trafficking practitioners. In addition, the transportation industry can support the victims and survivors in their exit attempts and post/exit life. Examples of this support include serving as a safe haven, and providing transportation to essential services. Transportation should ensure that all of these efforts are survivor-centric, inclusive for all types of trafficking, and tailored to the needs of the modality, population, and location.
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Horton, David, Victoria Soroker, Peter Landolt, and Anat Zada Byers. Characterization and Chemistry of Sexual Communication in Two Psyllid Pests of Pears (Homoptera: Psyllidae). United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592653.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Pear-feeding psyllids in the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) are among the most important arthropod pests of pears worldwide. These pests are exceedingly difficult to control, and new management tools are needed. Sex attractantpheromones have been used in IPM programs for pests of pome fruits (especially Lepidoptera), but not as yet for pest Hemiptera. Results of the current project showed that males of two psyllid pests of pears, Cacopsylla bidens (Israel) and Cacopsylla pyricola (North America), use volatile or semi-volatile compounds to locate female psyllids for mating. For both species, the attractants can be collected from the cuticle of females by washing live female psyllids with an appropriate solvent. Analysis of these washes by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry led to the following discoveries: Psyllid cuticles contain a mix of hydrocarbons, straight chain and branched alkanes, and long chain aldehydes The two species have different chemical profiles Chemical profiles change seasonally and with reproductive status Chemical profiles differ between male and reproductive female psyllids Several specific compounds found to be more abundant in attractive females than males were identified and synthesized. Behavioral assays (olfactometer) were then used to determine whether these compounds were attractive to males. Two compounds showed promise as attractants for male psyllids: 7-methylheptacosane (C. bidens) and 13-methylheptacosane (C. pyricola and C. bidens). These are the first sex attractantpheromones identified for any psyllid species. Field tests showed that the chemicals could be used to attract males under orchard conditions, but that effectiveness in the field appeared to be seasonally variable. Future research plans include: (a) test mixtures of compounds; (b) explore seasonality in field response to compounds; (c) determine whether chirality of the two compounds affects their attractiveness; and (d) compare different types of traps and release devices to optimize lure performance.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck Platooning on Flexible Pavements in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-010.
Full textAbstract:
Truck platoons have many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Truck platoons have the potential to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption between 5% and 15%, based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Therefore, expected fuel savings would be significant for trucks. Deployment of truck platoons within interstate highways may have a direct effect on flexible pavement performance, as the time between consecutive axle loads (i.e., resting time) is expected to decrease significantly. Moreover, platoons could potentially accelerate pavement damage accumulation due to trucks’ channelized position, decreasing pavement service life and increasing maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The main objective of this project was to quantify the effects of truck platoons on pavements and to provide guidelines to control corresponding potential pavement damage. Finite-element models were utilized to quantify the impact of rest period on pavement damage. Recovered and accumulated strains were predicted by fitting exponential functions to the calculated strain profiles. The results suggested that strain accumulation was negligible at a truck spacing greater that 10 ft. A new methodology to control pavement damage due to truck platoons was introduced. The method optimizes trucks’ lateral positions on the pavements, and an increase in pavement service life could be achieved if all platoons follow this optimization method. Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis were conducted for fully autonomous, human-driven, and mixed-traffic regimes. For example, for an analysis period of 45 years, channelized truck platoons could save life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 28% and 21% compared with human-driven trucks, respectively. Furthermore, optimum truck platoon configuration could reduce life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 48% and 36%, respectively, compared with human-driven trucks. In contrast, channelized traffic could increase pavement roughness, increasing fuel consumption by 15%, even though platooning vehicles still benefit from reduction in air drag forces. Given that truck platoons are expected to be connected only in the first phase, no actions are required by the agency. However, in the second phase when truck platoons are also expected to be autonomous, a protocol for driving trends should be established per the recommendation of this study.
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Valente Rosa, Maria João. Demographic ageing: the rigidity of conventional metrics and the need for their revision. IPR-NOVA, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23906/wp63/2022.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to discuss the scope and value of the conventional metrics used to assess and compare levels of ageing between different populations. The age brackets for classifying if the population is ageing or aged are typically based on chronological age and are very close to the stages of the economic tripartite life cycle: the school/education phase; the labour market participation phase; the retirement phase. Those conventional metrics produce distortions in capturing the levels of demographic ageing. If the change in the age structure is rooted in social development, not in a social crisis, having more people in older ages should be related to that. Living longer, on average, does not only mean living more years but also a change in people's social profile, which the usual metrics for measuring ageing do not capture. Because of the central place that demographic ageing occupies in the framework of social, political and scientific reflection on the present and future of societies, Demographic Science should contribute with new metrics reflecting the real social improvements in populations age structures. This reflection supports the need to undertake a critical analysis of the way demographic ageing has usually been presented; stresses the need to advance ageing metrics that match societies' development by considering the life expectancy; and presents a new indicator for measurement demographic ageing that compares what we observe with what we can expect from the age structure at any given mortality level.