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1
R, Salkin G., ed. The management of corporate financial assets: Applications of mathematical programming models. London: Academic Press, 1987.
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2
Heston, Steven L. Testing approximate linear asset pricing models. New Haven, CT: Yale University, School ofOrganization and Management, 1992.
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3
Marohn, Christina A. Stochastische mehrstufige lineare Programmierung im Asset- & -Liability-Management. Bern: P. Haupt, 1998.
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4
Michaeloudis, Androulla. Studies in the application of the linear structural relation to method comparison studies of biochemical assays. London: North East London Polytechnic, 1986.
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5
David, Carlson, ed. Linear algebra gems: Assets for undergraduate mathematics. [Washington, DC]: Mathematical Association of America, 2002.
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6
Linear Algebra Gems: Assets for Undergraduate Mathematics (Notes Series, Volume 59). Mathematical Assn of America, 2002.
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7
Back, Kerry E. Dynamic Asset Pricing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0010.
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The distinction between conditional and unconditional factor pricing models is explained. The conditional CAPM implies that unconditional risk premia are linear in the expected beta and the beta of the beta. The CCAPM and ICAPM are derived as approximate relations in discrete time. Testing conditional models is equivalent to unconditional tests of pricing for managed portfolios. The Gordon growth model is derived, assuming that dividend growth and the single‐period SDF are IID over time. The equity premium and risk‐free rate puzzles are derived from the Gordon growth model with a CRRA investor and lognormal consumption growth. The Campbell‐Shiller linearization implies that dividend yields predict either future returns or future dividend growth.
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Ahmad, Nazihah, Hawa Ibrahim, and Maznah Mat Kasim. Matrices and linear systems. UUM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672064794.
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This book is suitable as a first course for undergraduate students.Matrices and Linear Systems presents the fundamentals of linear algebra. It focuses on the computational part of the linear algebra course.It helps students to have sufficient proficiency to overcome their initial anxiety in reading and writing simple mathematical proofs in a more theoretical part of the course later.Basic concepts are presented along with sufficient computational examples which allow students to follow through the step-by-step solutions at their own pace.Supplementary exercises are included at the end of most chapters, so that students can assess their understanding for the entire corresponding chapter.There is also a guidance in the use of the Microsoft EXCEL software in solving the computational exercises in the last chapter. As a whole, this book serves as an additional self-study aid and will extend students learning process beyond the limitations of a classroom.
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1945-, Salomons W., and Stigliani William M, eds. Biogeodynamics of pollutants in soils and sediments: Risk asses[s]ment of delayed and non-linear responses. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
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10
Michaeloudis, Androulla. Studies in the application of the linear structural relation to method comparison studiesof biochemical assays. NELP, 1986.
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11
Back, Kerry E. Portfolio Choice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0002.
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The portfolio choice model is introduced, and the first‐order condition is derived. Properties of the demand for a single risky asset are derived from second‐order risk aversion and decreasing absolute risk aversion. Optimal investments are independent of initial wealth for investors with constant absolute risk aversion. Optimal investments are affine functions of initial wealth for investors iwth linear risk tolerance. The optimal portfolio for an investor with constant absolute risk aversion is derived when asset returns are normally distributed. Investors with quadratic utility have mean‐variance preferences, and investors have mean‐variance preferences when returns are elliptically distributed.
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Back, Kerry E. Equilibrium and Efficiency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0004.
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Pareto optima and competitive equilibria are defined. Allocations are functions of market wealth (sharing rules) in Pareto optima, which means that all risks except market wealth are perfectly shared. Equilibria in complete markets are shown to be equivalent to Arrow‐Debreu equilibria and to be Pareto optimal. If investors all have linear risk tolerance with the same cautiousness parameter, then equilibria are Pareto optimal, equilibrium prices are independent of the initial wealth allocation (Gorman aggregation), and two‐fund separation holds (all investors hold the risk‐free asset and the market portfolio).
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Jürimäe, Toivo, and Jaak Jürimäe. Hormonal responses and adaptations. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0038.
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This chapter focuses on the available information about the effects of acute exercise and chronic training on the secretion of different growth and energy balance related hormones at different stages of linear growth and sexual maturation throughout childhood. In addition, the role of recently discovered hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, that assist in regulating energy balance as well as somatic and pubertal growth in children are discussed.
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Churchill, Robert Paul. The Cultural Evolution of Honor Killing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190468569.003.0006.
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The focus in this chapter is on why honor killing ever came into existence as a social practice. The units for analysis are sociocultural systems and ecological pressures on the demographic groups among whom honor killing evolved. Here a population-level model of cultural evolution is employed to advance an argument for the best explanation for the development of honor killing. Only cultural systems performing adaptive functions continued among early desert nomads and pastoralist of the arid mountain uplands. Historical and anthropological research supports claims that severe ecological challenges led to two major functional systems: consanguine hierarchical patriarchy and the segmentary lineage system. Honor killing likewise evolved, first as a costly signaling system to avert loss of female reproductive assets and to avoid group splintering. It later evolved further as an exaptation and as a means of avoiding blood-related conflicts within segmentary lineage systems.
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Epstein, Richard A. The Economic Structure of Roman Property Law. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.39.
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The Roman law system of property rights was developed incrementally, in reliance on natural law, without any reliance on economic analysis developed in the twentieth century. Nonetheless, its doctrinal organisation conforms well to the prescriptions of that modern theory. Thus the Roman law draws the right lines between common and separate property, developing efficient rules of acquisition for the former. It also develops coherent rules for the outright transfer and division of assets by way of bailment, usufruct, license, mortgage, trust and servitudes before the onset of modern recordation systems. The Romans also articulated rules for just compensation to deal accessio, confusio and specificatio. The durability of their system across both time and space is a lasting tribute to the intuitive ingenuity of the great Roman lawyers.
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Gargani, Luna, and Marcelo-Haertel Miglioranza. Lung ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0016.
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The lung is a relatively new site for the application of ultrasound. Beyond the more established assessment of pleural effusion, this organ has been traditionally considered off limits for sonographic investigation, since air is a well-known foe of the ultrasound beam. However, in recent years it has been shown that this apparent physical limitation can be overcome when the air content decreases, as happens in a diseased pulmonary parenchyma. The most useful lung ultrasound sign for cardiologists is the presence of B-lines, the sonographic hallmark of pulmonary interstitial syndrome, including interstitial pulmonary oedema. Bilateral multiple B-lines are present in patients with pulmonary congestion and may help assess and semiquantify the extent of extravascular lung water in patients with heart failure. This sign is low cost, easy to perform, can be repeated at bedside, and does not employ ionizing radiation. Lung ultrasound is also useful for detecting other pulmonary conditions such as pneumothorax, and lung consolidations such as pneumonia or pulmonary infarction.
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Putnam, Kyle J. Financialization of Commodity Markets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0025.
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In the early 2000s, financial investors began pouring billions of dollars into the commodity futures markets seeking the unique investment benefits of this distinct asset class. This “financialization” process has called into question the fundamental risk and return properties of commodity futures as evidence has emerged favoring the idea that the massive increase in investor flows caused a rise in futures prices, volatility, and intra- and intermarket return correlations. However, a contrarian line of research contends that the effects of the new “speculative” capital on the futures markets are unsubstantiated and the increased participation of financial investors poses little consequence to the economics of the marketplace. This latter line of literature maintains that the investment benefits of commodity futures have not been diminished and that fundamental factors and business cycle variations can explain the observed changes in commodity price behavior.
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Golier, Julia A., Andreas C. Michaelides, Maya Genovesi, Emily Chapman, and Rachel Yehuda. Pharmacological Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0019.
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Although psychotherapy is considered first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), advances have been made in pharmacological treatment. Based on controlled clinical trials, antidepressants remain the first-line pharmacological treatment. Studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce PTSD-specific symptoms and improve global outcome. Emerging evidence suggests efficacy for venlafaxine. Other individual agents found to be efficacious include imipramine and phenelzine. Prazosin is emerging as a beneficial adjunct for PTSD-related sleep disturbances and nightmares. Some evidence suggests that atypical antipsychotics may be efficacious against a broad range of symptoms, although the risk of metabolic side effects may limit widespread use. Trials are needed to assess whether anticonvulsants, cortisol-based treatments, sympatholytics, or other novel approaches are efficacious, and how pharmacotherapy can enhance psychotherapy outcomes. These studies should consider the goals of pharmacotherapy in PTSD and the subgroups of patients or clinical presentations most likely to benefit from pharmacological interventions.
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Clebone, Anna, Joshua H. Finkle, Barbara K. Burian, Keith J. Ruskin, and Barbara K. Burian, eds. Ultrasound Guided Procedures and Radiologic Imaging for Pediatric Anesthesiologists. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190081416.001.0001.
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Ultrasound Guided Procedures and Radiologic Imaging for Pediatric Anesthesiologists is intended as a ready resource for both experts and novices. It will be useful to those with extensive training and experience as well as beginners and those with distant experience or training. A wealth of knowledge in the human factors of procedure design and use has been applied throughout to ensure that desired information can be easily located, that steps are clearly identified and comprehensible, and that additional information of high relevance to procedure completion is co-located and salient. This book begins with the basics but quickly progresses to advanced skill sets. It is divided into four parts. Part I starts with a primer on ultrasound machine functionality as well as procedural chapters on lung ultrasound to detect a mainstem intubation or pneumothorax and gastric ultrasound to assess gastric contents in incompletely fasted patients. Part II covers ultrasound guided peripheral intravenous line placement through the incremental advancement method, ultrasound guided arterial line placement, and ultrasound guided central line placement. Part III details several ultrasound guided regional anesthesia techniques. Part IV covers radiology of the pediatric airway and mediastinum, lungs, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and neurologic systems.
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Moon, Jeremy. 2. The company level. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199671816.003.0003.
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‘The company level’ looks at the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR), within companies. It considers four frameworks that companies use to identify and manage their responsibilities: Carroll’s CSR pyramid, the stakeholder model, the triple bottom line approach, and the shared value approach. It then looks at the practices companies engage in, which are distinguished by their respective spheres: community, workplace, marketplace, and environment. The issues of internal organization and integration of CSR are critical to the performance and impact of companies adopting CSR. But how do CSR companies assess and understand the impact of their CSR contributions? The growth of intra-organizational CSR staff indicates a need for appropriately prepared personnel.
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Schmidt, Vivien A. Varieties of Capitalism. Edited by Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman, and Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.27.
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This chapter reviews the “varieties of capitalism” (VOC) literature on comparative political economy alongside the development of French political economy scholarship and the evolution of Western capitalism through this body of work. It shows that, although France has a distinct kind of capitalism from other Western countries, particularly in this period of crisis, and that French scholars have used the “French touch” to assess political economy issues through the lens of discourse/“référentiel,” ideas, and institutions, the French case has been incorporated in comparative VOC theory-building. Indeed, the French model is under the same global economic challenges and is enmeshed in Europeanization, like other capitalist economies. Today, the lines between comparative VOC and French work have become more fuzzy, as French scholars increasingly include insights from recent VOC scholarship into their own work and have simultaneously influenced this newer comparative work.
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Finlay, Stephen, and David Plunkett. Quasi-Expressivism about Statements of Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828174.003.0002.
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Speech and thought about what the law is commonly function in practical ways to guide or assess behavior. These functions have often been seen as problematic for legal positivism in the tradition of H.L.A. Hart. One recent response is an expressivist analysis of legal statements. This paper advances a rival, positivist-friendly account of legal statements which the authors call “quasi-expressivist”. It combines a descriptivist, “rule-relational” semantics with a pragmatic account of the expressive and practical functions of legal discourse. This approach is at least as well-equipped as expressivism to explain the practical features of “internal” legal statements and a fundamental kind of legal disagreement, while handling better “external” legal statements. The chapter develops this theory in a Hartian framework, and also argues (against Kevin Toh’s expressivist interpretation) that Hart’s own views in The Concept of Law are best reconstructed along quasi-expressivist lines.
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Velde, François R. Macroeconomic Features of the French Revolution. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158709.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the French Revolution from the vantage point of macroeconomic theories about government budget constraints. From 1688 to 1788, Britain won and France lost three of four wars. France recurrently defaulted on its debt, while Britain did not. After 1688, Britain had reformed its institutions to allow it to raise enough taxes during peacetime to finance debts incurred in times of war, while France sustained institutions designed to constrain the king's revenues. The chapter considers two macroeconomic ideas and three models of money: unpleasant arithmetic, sustainable plans, tax-backed or asset-backed models of the demand for currency, legal restrictions models of the demand for currency, and classical hyperinflation models along lines described by Phillip Cagan. Inflation during the French Revolution are interpreted in terms of a procession of regimes in which the “if” parts of the three types of monetary models are approximately fulfilled.
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Wells, Toby, and Simon J. Freeman. Ultrasound. Edited by Christopher G. Winearls. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0013.
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Ultrasound assists nephrologists in many situations. It is essential in excluding obstruction as the cause of acute kidney injury, but it also helps to reach other diagnoses and guides interventions such as renal biopsy and placement of lines for dialysis and evaluating dialysis fistulae. It is the imaging technique of choice in assessing renal transplants. It has advantages: it does not involve ionizing radiation, allows rapid real-time imaging, is relatively inexpensive, and can be performed at the patient’s bedside. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality in paediatric radiology for most conditions, largely because it does not involve ionizing radiation. The strengths and limitations of ultrasound need to be understood to ensure that the technique is applied appropriately.
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Maltzman, Sara. A Multidisciplinary, Biopsychosocial Approach to Treatment. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.43.
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This concluding chapter of theOxford Handbook of Treatment Processes and Outcomes in Psychologydescribes the importance of breaking down research and practice silos in favor of a multidisciplinary and biopsychosocial approach regarding human physical and mental health. The chapter summarizes why we can have more confidence in treatments and interventions that “fit” within the context of converging lines of evidence across these multilevel systems. What multidisciplinary research tells us is that treatmentdoesmatter, as evidenced by multiple lines of research in animal models, particularly in fear-based and anxiety disorders. This research affirms that psychological/behavioral treatments are active and not reducible to nonspecific placebo effects. However, data indicate that placebo may prove valuable as a deliberately applied adjunct to psychological/behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Individual differences in self-regulation and temperament; genetic and epigenetic factors that influence resilience or maladaptive responses to adverse conditions; the buffering effects of social support; and how these factors may influence treatment process and outcomes are reviewed. Research evaluating pharmacological adjuncts to psychological/behavioral treatment underscores the complexity of delivering optimal treatment. Newer methodologies, such as neuroimaging, will assist in explicating the above complex interrelationships. This chapter also calls attention to research evaluating treatment outcomes, including dose response relationships and the importance of evaluating the therapist’s unique contribution to outcomes.
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Shroff, Gautam. The Intelligent Web. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199646715.001.0001.
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As we use the Web for social networking, shopping, and news, we leave a personal trail. These days, linger over a Web page selling lamps, and they will turn up at the advertising margins as you move around the Internet, reminding you, tempting you to make that purchase. Search engines such as Google can now look deep into the data on the Web to pull out instances of the words you are looking for. And there are pages that collect and assess information to give you a snapshot of changing political opinion. These are just basic examples of the growth of "Web intelligence", as increasingly sophisticated algorithms operate on the vast and growing amount of data on the Web, sifting, selecting, comparing, aggregating, correcting; following simple but powerful rules to decide what matters. While original optimism for Artificial Intelligence declined, this new kind of machine intelligence is emerging as the Web grows ever larger and more interconnected. Gautam Shroff takes us on a journey through the computer science of search, natural language, text mining, machine learning, swarm computing, and semantic reasoning, from Watson to self-driving cars. This machine intelligence may even mimic at a basic level what happens in the brain.
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Vogt, Katja Maria. Concluding Remarks. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692476.003.0008.
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The Concluding Remarks ask what follows if the main lines of argument throughout the book are compelling. First, it is argued that the motivation of pursuits deserves more philosophical attention than it currently receives and that the Guise of the Good defended in the book provides resources to address well-known problem cases such as desiring the bad, accidie, and more. Second, the Concluding Remarks revisit one of the book’s main ambitions: to develop Aristotle’s first premise, that the human good is the good human life, such as to account for plurality of values and diversity of good lives. Third, the Concluding Remarks suggest that particular actions are set off by assent to what, to the agent, appears as to be done. This adds to the overall argument for situating the GG in the relationship between small-, mid-, and large-scale motivation rather than in the analysis of particular actions.
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Spiegel, Avi Max. The Next Islamist Generation. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159843.003.0011.
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This chapter argues that power dynamics within Islamist organizations are changing rapidly and dramatically. And these changes are happening, as they always have, not only from external constraints, but from internal pressures. This book offers new evidence not of the demise of Islamist movements, but of their lasting transformation. Young activists are poised to assert more control within their organizations, even initiate internal rebellions of their own, and perhaps also help break apart the very movements they helped grow. This is the case for four main reasons. First, making room for many might also mean laying the foundation for discord. Second, Islamist successes are increasingly replicable. Third, internal lines of religious authority are growing murky. Finally, skepticism of omnipotent central authority abounds. For members of the next Islamist generation, the Arab Spring is now part of their histories, just as independence struggles were for their grandparents.
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Cruickshank, Steven. Mathematical models and anaesthesia. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0027.
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The use of mathematics in medicine is not as widespread as it might be. While professional engineers are instructed in a wide variety of mathematical techniques during their training in preparation for their daily practice, tradition and the demands of other subjects mean that doctors give little attention to numerical matters in their education. A smattering of statistical concepts is typically the main mathematical field that we apply to medicine. The concept of the mathematical model is important and indeed familiar; personal finance, route planning, home decorating, and domestic projects all require the application of the basic mathematical tools we acquire at school. This utility is why we learn them. The insight that can be gained by applying mathematics to physiological and other problems within medical practice is, however, underexploited. The undoubted complexity of human biology and pathology perhaps leads us to give up too soon. There are useful and practical lessons that can be learned from the use of elementary mathematics in medicine. Anaesthetic training in particular lends itself to such learning with its emphasis on physics and clinical measurement. Much can be achieved with simple linear functions and hyperbolas. Further exploration into exponential and sinusoidal functions, although a little more challenging, is well within our scope and enables us to cope with many time-dependent and oscillatory phenomena that are important in clinical anaesthetic practice. Some fundamental physiological relationships are explained in this chapter using elementary mathematical functions. Building further on the foundation of simple models to cope with more complexity enables us to see the process, examine the predictions, and, most importantly, assess the plausibility of these models in practice. Understanding the structure of the model enables intelligent interpretation of its output. Some may be inspired to investigate some of the mathematical concepts and their applications further. The rewards can be intellectually, aesthetically, and practically fruitful. The subtle, revelatory, and quite beautiful connection between exponential and trigonometric functions through the concept of complex numbers is one example. That this connection has widespread practical importance too is most pleasing.
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Haugaa, Kristina H., Francesco Faletra, and João L. Cavalcante. Cardiac rhythm disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0063.
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Cardiac rhythm disorders require diagnostic, prognostic, and guidance of therapeutic procedures by echocardiography. The most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation (AF) leading to an increased risk for mortality, heart failure, and thromboembolic events. Echocardiography is performed to assess the aetiology of AF which most commonly is associated with diseases leading to enlarged atria. Furthermore, echocardiography is crucial to evaluate thromboembolic risk by assessing the morphology and function of the left atrial appendage among other parameters. Non-invasive imaging modalities including two-dimensional transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with three-dimensional imaging are often indicated. Finally, TOE can help in the preprocedural planning and providing guidance for interventions such as pulmonary vein ablation and percutaneous left atrial appendage closure. In patients with ventricular arrhythmias, TTE is the first-line diagnostic tool for assessing the aetiology of ventricular arrhythmias. Ischaemic heart disease, either acute or chronic fibrosis, is the most common causes of ventricular tachycardias. Left ventricular ejection fraction remains the most important parameter for indication of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention therapy, although newer strain echocardiographic measures may add incremental prognostic information.
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Peterson, Martin. The Ethics of Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190652265.001.0001.
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This book develops an analytic ethics of technology based on a geometric account of moral principles. The author argues that geometric concepts such as points, lines, and planes are useful for clarifying the structure and scope of five moral principles: (1) the cost-benefit principle, (2) the precautionary principle, (3) the sustainability principle, (4) the fairness principle, and (5) the autonomy principle. The geometric approach derives its normative force from the Aristotelian dictum that we should “treat like cases alike.” The more similar a pair of cases are, the more reason do we have to treat the cases alike. These similarity relations can be analyzed and represented geometrically. In such a geometric representation, the distance in moral space between cases reflects their degree of similarity. The more similar a pair of cases are from a moral point of view, the shorter is the distance between them. To assess to what extent the geometric method is practically useful for analyzing real-world cases the author has conducted three experimental studies based on data gathered from academic philosophers in the United States and Europe and engineering students at Texas A&M University. The results indicate that experts (philosophers) and laypeople (engineering students) do in fact apply geometrically construed moral principles in roughly, but not exactly, the manner advocates of geometrically construed principles believe they ought to be applied.
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Aziz, Nazrina, Syariza Abdul-Rahman, and Norhaslina Zainal Abidin, eds. Recent Applications in Quantitative Methods and Information Technology. UUM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672210269.
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This book is a guide for researchers who are involved in statistical, mathematical, information technology and decision science analyses. The purpose of the book is to allow readers to get research ideas on a wide range of topics, such as sampling plans, capital budgeting, completion time in production line, searching pattern for mobile cache replacement policy, home security system with biometric finger print and web service technology. The analyses in each chapter are explained in detail with samples of real applications in daily life to assist readers to appreciate theoretical, algorithm and mathematical formulations. Prior to reading this book, readers are advised to have some basic foundation in statistical sampling, tabu search approach, neural network, algorithms, and mathematical formulation. This book will be beneficial to students and researchers who are looking for research topic of the research and how problems can be solved using an applied method.
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Shea, C. Michael. Ecclesiology. Edited by Frederick D. Aquino and Benjamin J. King. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718284.013.16.
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John Henry Newman never wrote a treatise on the Church, yet ecclesiology functions like a vanishing point towards which nearly every line of his thought can be traced. It is with an orientation to the Church that Newman elaborated his conceptions of the sacraments, revelation, history, tradition, doctrinal development, and ecclesiastical offices, in addition to more abstract notions such as faith, assent, religious epistemology, and conscience. The metaphor can be taken even further. For not only does the Church enjoy an orienting presence across most developed subjects in Newman’s corpus, but like a vanishing point, the Church’s configuration can appear in remarkably diverse ways depending upon the arrangement of more proximate subjects that Newman’s various writings held in view. The vanishing point is also more than a metaphor, because at the heart of his ecclesiology is a missing document from 1847. This chapter consider’s Newman’s his developing notion of the Church as a dynamic and polycentric communion of believers.
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Goldstein, Judith, and Robert Gulotty. The Limits of Institutional Reform in the United States and the Global Trade Regime. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.36.
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By the end of the nineteenth century, US decision-makers had to deal with growing demands from constituents for access to foreign markets; by the mid-twentieth century, US commercial policy had moved center stage as the country orchestrated a widespread globalization in production and trade. From the perspective of economic theory, the ‘appropriate’ policy would have been to reduce barriers to trade in line with a rise in productivity. However, the constitutionally imposed arrangement for tariff setting made high, and not low, tariffs the norm. The reason is found less in formal institutional reform than in constitutional constraints and presidential strategy, which helps account for shifts in US trade policy and the evolution of global trade liberalization. Careful analysis of institutional legacies and positive feedback effects assist in explaining key policy shifts in US trade policy and why international liberalization efforts have ebbed and flowed, though never been radically reversed since the Great Depression.
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Ehmann, Michael. Soft Tissue Infections. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0041.
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Cellulitis is an acute, spreading infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat characterized by erythema, warmth, swelling, and pain. Erysipelas is an infection of the more superficial cutaneous lymphatics and skin, including the epidermis as well as the upper reticular and papillary dermal layers. It is commonly located on the lower extremities, face, and ears. Cutaneous abscesses are purulent collections that occupy the dermis and deeper soft tissues. Effective treatment of cellulitis and erysipelas includes antibiotics and elevation of the affected area to assist in lymphatic drainage. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection should be considered in all cellulitis or erysipelas patients who have failed initial therapy, have a history of or risk factors for MRSA, or have severe infection or systemic toxicity. The first-line treatment for a cutaneous abscess is incision and drainage (I&D); no data demonstrates the utility of antibiotic therapy in conjunction with I&D.
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White, P. Lewis, and Rosemary A. Barnes. Molecular diagnosis of fungal disease. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0043.
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Molecular techniques to aid in the diagnosis of fungal disease have been in use for over two decades. However, for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to gain widespread acceptance outside of specialist centres, methodology must be standardized and in line with general microbiological molecular diagnostics assays, yet for infections other than fungal disease. Apart from Aspergillus PCR, standardized methodology is lacking. It is also essential to identify the optimal role for an assay. Whether this is to confirm a specific disease in symptomatic patients or to exclude disease and prevent the unnecessary use of antifungals will, in part, be determined by prevalence, but will also, along with the disease manifestation, dictate specimen choice and subsequent methodological procedure. This chapter will focus on disease processes determining optimal sample types, before concentrating on the clinical validation of molecular tests for the diagnosis of the main causes of invasive fungal disease, concluding with recent developments. The clinical utility of molecular approaches and potential future benefits that can address emerging issues, such as azole resistance, will also be discussed.
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Fischer, Beth A. The Myth of Triumphalism. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178172.001.0001.
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Virtually no one anticipated the ending of the Cold War. Understanding how this long-standing conflict was peacefully resolved can give us insight into how to conclude other seemingly intractable conflicts. Triumphalists believe that President Ronald Reagan “won” the Cold War by building up US military power and threatening the USSR. His hard-line policies forced Moscow to reduce its arsenal, adopt democratic reforms, withdraw from its war in Afghanistan, and ultimately collapse. Triumphalists assert that contemporary leaders should follow Reagan’s example bycompelling adversaries into submission. However, triumphalism is a myth, a series of falsehoods about Reagan’s intentions, his policies, and the impact his administration had on the USSR.Drawing upon American and Soviet sources,this book demonstrates that Reagan’s initial hard-line policies brought the superpowers to the brink of war and made it more difficult for Moscow to disarm and reform. Compellence failed miserably. The Cold War was resolved through diplomacy, not threats. President Reagan eventually engaged in dialogue so as to ease Moscow’s security concerns, build trust, and focus on the superpowers’ mutual interest in eliminating nuclear arms. For his part, Mikhail Gorbachev sought to end the arms race so as to divert resources to democratization. He too sought dialogue and trust. The ending of the Cold War demonstrates the importance of moral leadership. Reagan and Gorbachev both rose above their differences and introduced radical new ideas about nuclear disarmament. Consequently, both encountered domestic opposition. Each persevered, however, leading their nations toward a safer, more humane future.
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Bennington, Geoffrey. Scatter 2. Fordham University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823289929.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Scatter 2 identifies politics as an object of perennial difficulty for philosophy—as recalcitrant to philosophical mastery as is philosophy’s traditional adversary, poetry. That difficulty makes it an attractive area of attention for any deconstructive approach to the tradition from which we inevitably inherit our language and our concepts. Scatter 2 pursues that deconstruction, often starting, and sometimes departing, from the work of Jacques Derrida, by attending to the concepts of sovereignty on the one hand, and democracy on the other. Part I follows the fate of a line from Book II of Homer’s Iliad, where Odysseus asserts that “the rule of many is no good thing, let there be one ruler, one king,” as it is quoted and misquoted, and progressively Christianized, by authors including Aristotle, Philo Judaeus, Suetonius, the early Church Fathers, Aquinas, Dante, Ockham, Marsilius of Padua, Jean Bodin, Etienne de la Boétie, up to Carl Schmitt and Erik Peterson, and even one of the defendants at the Nuremberg Trials, before being discussed by Derrida himself. Part II begins again, as it were, with Plato and Aristotle, and tracks the concept of democracy as it regularly impacts and tends to undermine that sovereignist tradition, and, more especially in detailed readings of Hobbes and Rousseau, develops a notion of “proto-democracy” as a possible name for the scatter that underlies and drives the political as such, and that will always prevent politics from achieving its aim of bringing itself to an end.
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Li, Ingrid, Arthur Brewer, and Rusty Reeves. Hypnotic agents and controlled substances. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0029.
Full textAbstract:
Sleep medications are among the most frequently prescribed medications in the community. Many other Class II controlled substances, such as benzodiazepines and opiate medications, have become a major public health concern through overuse and abuse. Within correctional settings, these concerns are heightened and special considerations must be included in any treatment decision. Inmates abuse drugs at a prevalence many times higher than in the general population. A survey of practitioners in jails and prisons in the United States expresses the concern that sleep, opiate, and benzodiazepine medications can be abused or diverted. There has been little published as to the best correctional practice for the prescription of these medications. In general, sleep medications and controlled substances should be prescribed cautiously in a correctional setting, and wherever possible should be avoided as first-line treatment or as long-term treatment. Sleep medications are the most difficult to control since the quest for medications to treat sleep complaints is ubiquitous in corrections. Guidelines, thoughtful use of formulary controls, and a measure of flexibility will assist in the appropriate prescription of these medications. This chapter evaluates best practices in this arena of prescription practice.
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Hare, Brian, and Shinya Yamamoto, eds. Bonobos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This is a comprehensive, illustrated catalogue of the 200+ marine chronometers in the collections of Royal Museums Greenwich. Every chronometer has been completely dismantled, studied and recorded, and illustrations include especially commissioned line drawings as well as photographs. The collection is also used to illustrate a newly researched and up-to-date chapter describing the history of the marine chronometer, so the book is much more than simply a catalogue. The history chapter naturally includes the story of John Harrison’s pioneering work in creating the first practical marine timekeepers, all four of which are included in the catalogue, newly photographed and described in minute detail for the first time. In fact full technical and historical data are provided for all of the marine chronometers in the collection, to an extent never before attempted, including biographical details of every maker represented. A chapter describes how the 19th century English chronometer was manufactured, and another provides comprehensive and logically arranged information on how to assess and date a given marine chronometer, something collectors and dealers find particularly difficult. For further help in identification of chronometers, appendices include a pictorial record of the number punches used by specific makers to number their movements, and the maker’s punches used by the rough movement makers. There is also a close-up pictorial guide to the various compensation balances used in chronometers in the collection, a technical Glossary of terms used in the catalogue text and a concordance of the various inventory numbers used in the collection over the years.
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Betts, Jonathan. Marine Chronometers at Greenwich. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641383.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This is a comprehensive, illustrated catalogue of the 200+ marine chronometers in the collections of Royal Museums Greenwich. Every chronometer has been completely dismantled, studied and recorded, and illustrations include especially commissioned line drawings as well as photographs. The collection is also used to illustrate a newly researched and up-to-date chapter describing the history of the marine chronometer, so the book is much more than simply a catalogue. The history chapter naturally includes the story of John Harrison’s pioneering work in creating the first practical marine timekeepers, all four of which are included in the catalogue, newly photographed and described in minute detail for the first time. In fact full technical and historical data are provided for all of the marine chronometers in the collection, to an extent never before attempted, including biographical details of every maker represented. A chapter describes how the 19th century English chronometer was manufactured, and another provides comprehensive and logically arranged information on how to assess and date a given marine chronometer, something collectors and dealers find particularly difficult. For further help in identification of chronometers, appendices include a pictorial record of the number punches used by specific makers to number their movements, and the maker’s punches used by the rough movement makers. There is also a close-up pictorial guide to the various compensation balances used in chronometers in the collection, a technical Glossary of terms used in the catalogue text and a concordance of the various inventory numbers used in the collection over the years.
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Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, Florence. Class, Politics, and the Decline of Deference in England, 1968-2000. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812579.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book examines class identities and politics in late twentieth-century England. Class remained important to ‘ordinary’ people’s identities and their narratives about social change in this period, but in changing ways. Using self-narratives drawn from a wide range of sources, the book shows that many people felt that once-clear class boundaries had blurred since 1945. By the end of the period, ‘working-class’ was often seen as a historical identity, related to background and heritage. The middle classes became more heterogeneous, and class snobberies ‘went underground’, as people from all backgrounds began to assert the importance of authenticity, individuality, and ordinariness. The book argues that it is more useful to understand the cultural changes of these years through the lens of the decline of deference, which transformed people’s attitudes towards class, and towards politics. The final two chapters examine the claim that Thatcher and New Labour wrote class out of politics. This simple—and highly political—narrative misses important points of distinction. Thatcher was driven by political ideology and necessity to dismiss the importance of class, while the New Labour project was good at listening to voters—particularly swing voters in marginal seats—and echoing back what they were increasingly saying about the blurring of class lines and the importance of ordinariness. But this did not add up to an abandonment of a majoritarian project, as New Labour reoriented socialism to emphasize using collective action to empower the individual.
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Carlson, Taylor N., Marisa Abrajano, and Lisa García Bedolla. Talking Politics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190082116.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals arrive at meaning through conversation. Scholars have long explored political conversations in the United States, and the vast majority of this research suggests that political discussion has important effects on political attitudes and engagement. However, much of this research relies on samples of White respondents, making it potentially difficult to generalize these findings to our increasingly diverse electorate. In this book, we seek to understand how political discussion networks vary across groups who have vastly different social positions in the United States, specifically along the lines of ethnorace, nativity, and gender. We build upon seminal work in the field as we argue that individuals with different social positions likely discuss politics with different groups of people and, as a consequence, their discussion networks have different effects on their political behavior. We use a novel discussion network data set with an ethnoracially diverse sample, paired with qualitative interviews, to test this argument. We assert that this book makes three central contributions: (1) expanding the scope of the political discussion network literature by providing a comparative analysis across ethnorace, nativity, and gender; (2) demonstrating how historical differences in partisanship, policy attitudes, and engagement are reflected within groups’ social networks; and (3) revealing how the social position of our respondents affects the impact that networks can have on their trust and efficacy in government, political knowledge, policy attitudes, and political and civic engagement patterns.
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Dombo, Eileen A., and Christine Anlauf Sabatino. Creating Trauma-Informed Schools. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873806.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Creating Trauma-Informed Schools: A Guide for School Social Workers and Educators provides concrete skills and current knowledge about trauma-informed services in school settings. Children at all educational levels, from Early Head Start settings through high school, are vulnerable to abuse, neglect, bullying, violence in their homes and neighborhoods, and other traumatic experiences. Research shows that upward of 70% of children in schools report experiencing at least one traumatic event before age 16. The correlation between high rates of trauma exposure and poor academic performance has been established in the scholarly literature, as has the need for trauma-informed schools and communities. School social workers are on the front lines of service delivery through their work with children who face social and emotional struggles in the pursuit of education. They are in a prime position for preventing and addressing trauma, but there are scant resources for social workers to assist in the creation of trauma-informed schools. This book will provide an overview of the impact of trauma on children and adolescents, as well as interventions for direct practice and collaboration with teachers, families, and communities. Readers of this book will discover valuable resources and distinct examples of how to implement the ten principles of trauma-informed services in their schools to provide trauma-informed care to students grounded in the principles of safety, connection, and emotional regulation. They will also gain beneficial skills for self-care in their work.
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Andrade, M. J. Tumours and masses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0022.
Full textAbstract:
Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography is the first-line diagnostic tool for imaging space-occupying lesions of the heart. Cardiac masses can be classified as tumours, thrombi, vegetations, iatrogenic material, or normal variants. Occasionally, extracardiac masses may compress the heart and create a mass effect. Cardiac masses may be suspected from the clinical presentation. This is the case in patients with an embolic event presumed of cardiac origin or in patients with infective endocarditis. Otherwise, a cardiac mass can be identified during the routine investigation of common, non-specific cardiac manifestations or as an incidental finding.In general, an integrated approach which correlates the patient’s clinical picture with the echocardiographic findings may reasonably predict the specific nature of encountered cardiac masses and, in the case of tumours, discriminate between primary versus secondary, and benign versus malignant. Furthermore, echocardiography alone or with complementary imaging modalities, can provide information to help decide on the resectability of cardiac tumours, enhance effective diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis, and assist in planning therapy and follow-up. Because several normal structures and variants may mimic pathological lesions, a thorough knowledge of potential sources of misinterpretation is crucial for a correct diagnosis. After surgical resection, histological investigation is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis.
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Andrade, Maria João, Jadranka Separovic Hanzevacki, and Ricardo Ronderos. Cardiac tumours. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0052.
Full textAbstract:
Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography represent the first-line diagnostic tools for imaging space-occupying lesions of the heart. Cardiac masses can be classified as tumours, thrombi, vegetations, iatrogenic material, or normal variants. Occasionally, extracardiac masses may compress the heart and create a mass effect. Cardiac masses may be suspected from the clinical presentation. This is the case in patients with an embolic event presumed to be of cardiac origin or in patients with infective endocarditis. Otherwise, a cardiac mass can be identified during the routine investigation of common, non-specific cardiac manifestations or as an incidental finding. In general, an integrated approach which correlates the patient’s clinical picture with the echocardiographic findings may reasonably predict the specific nature of encountered cardiac masses and, in the case of tumours, discriminate between primary versus secondary, and benign versus malignant. Furthermore, echocardiography alone or with complementary imaging modalities, can provide information to decide on the resectability of cardiac tumours and assist on planning the therapy and follow-up. Because several normal structures and variants may mimic pathological lesions, a thorough knowledge of potential sources of misinterpretation is crucial for a correct diagnosis. After surgical resection, histological investigation is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis.
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Yusof, Ab Aziz. The human side of human resource management. UUM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474922.
Full textAbstract:
Human resource is the most valuable asset in an organization as it is managed, operated and run by them.The progress, survival and success of the organization is totally depends on the capabilities and the competitiveness of their HR especially in the era of critical and drastic change.As a result, HR manager has to face a more competitive, uncertain and complex HR expectations, needs and wants in a turbulent business environment.Therefore, his ability in managing HR is becoming more crucial to the success and the survival of the organisation. As HR manager is the key player in running the organisation, it is important for him to ensure a holistic and comprehensive approach, by putting in balance both the human side which is considered as soft HRM and the technical side which is considered as hard HRM, need to be simultaneously taken into consideration.Therefore, managing the human side of human resourceculture, symbols, diversity, humour, emotional intelligence, justice, forgiveness, and spiritualityis believed to be far more complicated than managing the technical side of it. The human side of human resource management treats employees as partners and a source of competitive advantage through their commitment, trust, job satisfaction, loyalty and collaboration.Furthermore, HR is viewed as a proactive rather than passive inputs in executing the task and responsibility.The managers ability in managing the human side of human resource strategically is equally important as managing the technical side as both play significant role in influencing the bottom line of the organisation through their symbiotic relationship.
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Goldberg, Abbie E., and Adam P. Romero, eds. LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This is the first comprehensive and interdisciplinary volume on divorce and relationship dissolution among LGBTQ people. With the goal of informing policy, practice, and future research, the volume gathers and expands current knowledge on: LGBTQ people’s relationship and dissolution patterns, the divorce and child custody rules and processes that now apply to many LGBTQ families, and the surrounding political and cultural environment in the United States. Among the fascinating lines of inquiry explored are: What factors contribute to relationship stability and well-being among LGBTQ people, and what factors lead to instability and strife? How do stigma and prejudice impact LGBTQ relationships in terms of risk of, or resilience against, dissolution? How does access to the legal institution of marriage and parenthood impact same-sex couples’ stability? What unique issues do LGBTQ people who are separating or divorcing face in the context of navigating custody of their children? What are the unique dissolution issues for transgender people, LGBTQ people leaving previous heterosexual relationships, and those whose relationships end due to the death of a partner? How do gender, race/ethnicity, immigration status, economic status, and other characteristics intersect with such issues? How can therapists and lawyers sensitively and effectively assist LGBTQ people who are experiencing relationship dissolution and its aftermath? This book attends to the empirical, demographic, personal, and legal experiences of LGBTQ individuals experiencing divorce and dissolution, and is an exciting resource for scholars, students, and practitioners in a wide range of fields, including law, psychology, social work, sociology, and political science.
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Stapleton, Jane. Three Essays on Torts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893734.001.0001.
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These essays champion tort scholarship that puts the judges at centre stage: what they do, how they understand their role, the heterogeneous reasons they give for their decisions, and their constitutional responsibility to identify and articulate the ‘living’ and ‘evolving’ common law. This is ‘reflexive tort scholarship’. Reflexive tort scholars seek dialogue with Bench and Bar. Their approach is very different from the currently fashionable academic search for ‘Grand Theories’ that descriptively assert that tort law is fundamentally ‘all about one thing’, a unifying idea that alone explains and justifies the whole of tort law. The book illustrates the advantages and pay-offs of the reflexive style of scholarship by showing how it illuminates various key features of tort law. Essay 2 identifies a principle of tort law (the ‘cooperative principle’) that is latent in the cases and that vindicates the value of collaborative human arrangements. Identifying this principle calls into question, in disputes between commercial parties, the reasoning used to support one of the most entrenched lines of authority in tort law—that based on the famous case of Hedley Byrne v Heller. Essay 3 deploys the reflexive method to argue that the iconic ‘but-for’ test of factual causation is inadequate and narrower than the concept actually utilised in the cases. Application of the method also prompts a reassessment of the ‘scope of duty’ concept and of the appropriate characterisation of the much-discussed decision in SAAMCO. These essays clearly demonstrate the value of scholarship that ‘takes the judges seriously’.
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Mares, Isabela, and Lauren E. Young. Conditionality & Coercion. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832775.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
In many recent democracies, candidates compete for office using illegal strategies to influence voters. In Hungary and Romania, local actors including mayors and bureaucrats offer access to social policy benefits to voters who offer to support their preferred candidates, and they threaten others with the loss of a range of policy and private benefits for voting the “wrong” way. These quid pro quo exchanges are often called clientelism. How can politicians and their accomplices get away with such illegal campaigning in otherwise democratic, competitive elections? When do they rely on the worst forms of clientelism that involve threatening voters and manipulating public benefits? This book uses a mixed method approach to understand how illegal forms of campaigning including vote buying and electoral coercion persist in two democratic countries in the European Union. It argues that clientelistic strategies must be disaggregated based on whether they use public or private resources, and whether they involve positive promises or negative threats and coercion. The authors document that the type of clientelistic strategies that candidates and brokers use varies systematically across localities based on their underlying social coalitions, and also show that voters assess and sanction different forms of clientelism in different ways. Voters glean information about politicians’ personal characteristics and their policy preferences from the clientelistic strategies these candidates deploy. Most voters judge candidates who use clientelism harshly. So how does clientelism, including its most odious coercive forms, persist in democratic systems? This book suggests that politicians can get away with clientelism by using forms of it that are in line with the policy preferences of constituencies whose votes they need. Clientelistic and programmatic strategies are not as distinct as previous studies have argued.