Journal articles: 'Linear body measurements'

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Henry, A. J., S. N. Ibe, and B. O. Asuquo. "Prediction of grasscutters (Thryonomis swinderianus) body weight from linear body measurements." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, no. 1 (2021): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i1.2733.

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A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between linear body measurements (LBMs) and body weights of grasscutters at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of age. Simple linear correlation procedure was used to establish the strength of linear relationships and associations between the different linear body measurements with body weight. These parameters were also subjected to step-wise regression analysis. The goodness of fit (R2) was tested to determine the contribution of each independent variable measured to the prediction of the dependent variable, the body weight of grasscutters at different ages of 2, 4,6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 weeks. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) juvenile grasscutters obtained from 24 parents comprising of 18 does and 6 bucks were used for the study. Experimental animals were raised under a mixed feeding regime throughout the experimental period of 20 weeks. The linear body measurements assessed are head length (HL), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), ear length (EL) and tail length (TL). Correlation coefficients (r) between body measurements and weights were generally positive and significant (p < 0.01) at 2 weeks, demonstrating strong relationships between variables. At 4 weeks, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.013 to 0.829 whereas at 6 weeks values ranged from -0.230 to 0.859. Coefficient of determination (R2) varied from 0.926 to 0.997, 0.965 to 0.989 and 0.930 to 0.991 at 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively The positive correlation coefficients observed for body length and heart girth shows that these parameters can be improved upon for grasscutters raised under intensive management. Results from this study further revealed that body weight of grasscutters can be estimated under field condition using the ear,head, body lengths and heart girth in the absence of a weighing balance.

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Abdul Muumin Sadick, Godson Aryee, Patrick Atta Poku Jnr, and Clement Gyeabour Kyere. "Relationship between body weight and linear body measurements in the Cobb broiler chicken." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2020): 001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2020.4.2.0087.

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The study was carried out at the poultry section of the Department of Animal Science farm, University of Education Winneba (Mampong - Ashanti campus, Ghana) from July, 2018 to September, 2018. Data were collected from fifty randomly selected and tagged birds. The data were collected weekly for eight weeks., Head length (HL), Beak length (BL), Body length (BL), Wing length (WL), shank length (SL), shank circumference(SC) and height(H) were taken randomly on five birds in each replicate at a day in every two weeks using tape measure and Vernier calipers. The data collected were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The results from the study indicated that, all linear body measurements were significantly (P<0.01) effected for the model, intercepts and slopes of the regression lines with linear response with the best predictor of body weight indicated for shank circumference. It was concluded from the study that; linear body measurements could be used to predict the body weight of broiler chickens. It is recommended that in areas, especially rural areas, where weighing balance or scale may not be readily available, a tailor’s tape can be used to measure linear body parameters and thereafter used to estimate body weight of chickens from the predictive equation.

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Adeniji, F. O., and K. L. Ayorinde. "Prediction of body weight of broilers at different ages from linear body measurements." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 17 (January 5, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v17i.2062.

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The prediction of live body weight from six body measurements was studied using the Cobb broiler strain. A total of two hundred and sixty four chicks comprising of one hundred and thirty four at males and females were used. Mean body weights day-old, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of age were 36.7g, 276.16g, 856.72, 1,334.1g and 1,762g respectively for the sexes combined. Males were generally more uniform in body weight and the body measurements than the females as indicated by the lower coefficient of variability (2.53% vs 3.38% for body weight at 3 weeks of age). The males were slightly (P<0.05) heavier than the females at 9 and 12 weeks of age. Cumulative weight gain was more rapid between 3 and 6 weeks of age and decreased with age up to the 12th week. The correlations, linear and stepwise regression equations reveal linear relationships between body weight and all body measurements (Body length, Body girth, Keel length, Shank length, Drumstick length and Shank thickness). Live body weight of bird was best predicted singly using keel length at 3 and 9 weeks of age and body girth and the 12th week. However with a combination of two to four of the body measurements, the prediction efficiency was enhanced.

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F. I., Ologbose, and Mbara S. W. "Phenotypic Correlation of Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Muscovy (Cairinia Moschata) and Mallard (Anas Platyrhynchos) Ducks." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 62 (February 15, 2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.62.13.17.

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Data on body weight and linear body measurements (LBMs) namely body height (BH), body length (BL), breast circumference (BC), thigh length (TL), bill length (BiL), wing length (WL) and shank length (SL) were taken from 120 ducks (i. e. 60 Muscovy and 60 Mallard ducks) at 4 and 8 weeks of age were analysed to obtain the phenotypic correlation between LBMs and body weight. The value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient to determine the level of relationship between the body weight and linear body measurement. This ranged from 0.488 (SL) – 0.996 (BH) and (0.729 (SL) – 0.996 (Bil) in Muscovy and Mallard duck at week 4 respectively. While, at week 8, the value of the pearson’s linear correlation coefficient ranges from 0.126 (Bil) – 0.960 (BL) and 0.735(BC) – 0.978 (BH) respectively. This positive and mostly significantly phenotypic relationship between the body weight and linear body measurements indicates that an improvement in one trait could leads to an improvement in the other. Correlation coefficients indicate the strength of a linear relation between traits and thus provide useful information about the traits involved for the purpose of breeding and improvement plan. This shows that favourable relationships exist among traits that have higher correlation coefficients, it further explains that such traits could be collectively included in the selection index to achieve positive phenotypic progress.

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Umoh, B. I., U. M. Okon, and J. S. Ekpo. "Correlation of milk intake and body weight with linear body measurements of white Fulani calves in semi-intensive system of management." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 3 (2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i3.116.

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Body weight of animals in the rural areas has not been accurately ascertained due to lack of accurate measurement scales, hence this experiment. The study was conducted to determine the correlation between milk intake and body weight with linear body measurements in white Fulani calves raised in semi-intensive system of management. A total of seven (7) white Fulani calves managed semi-intensively was used for the study. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. The overall mean±SEM value for milk intake, body weight, neck circumference, neck length, body length, body circumference, girth circumference, height at wither and tail length were 1.20±0.40g, 5.18±1.02kg, 21.54±0.66cm, 13.23±0.21cm, 28.36±0.31cm, 36.41±0.43cm, 35.84±0.37cm, 35.87±0.43cm and 23.43±0.39cm respectively. There was significant (P<0.05) effect of lactation stage on all body measurements taken except for neck circumference and tail length. Correlation between all body pairs of measurements were high, positive and highly significant (P<0.05). The highest correlation was recorded for body length, body circumference, girth circumference and height at wither. Linear function provided the best fit for milk intake weight and linear body measurements indicating that body measurements can be used for selection and the estimation of body weight in the fields where accurate scales are not usually available. It is recommended that any of the body measurement parameters could be used in the estimation of the body weight. Also, an improvement of non-genetic factor such as nutrition and general husbandry of the animal as much as possible will bring about improvement in the body parameters as well as maintaining the animal's physiological balance.

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H.O., Ukwu,, Okoro, V.M.O., and Nosike R.J. "Statistical Modelling of Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Nigerian Indigenous Chicken." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 7, no. 1 (2014): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-07152730.

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Harrison, Ross F., Jeremiah E. Mcnamara, Claire B. Beaumont, et al. "Using simple radiologic measurements to anticipate surgical challenge in endometrial cancer: a prospective study." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 29, no. 1 (2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2018-000037.

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ObjectivesTo determine if linear measurements of adiposity from pre-operative imaging can improve anticipation of surgical difficulty among endometrial cancer patients.MethodsEighty patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer were enrolled. Routine pre-operative imaging (MRI or CT) was performed. Radiologic linear measurements of the following were obtained: anterior-to-posterior skin distance; anterior skin to anterior edge of L5 distance (total anterior); anterior peritoneum to anterior edge of L5 distance (visceral obesity); and posterior edge of L5 to posterior skin distance (total posterior). Surgeons completed questionnaires quantifying preoperative anticipated operative difficulty and postoperative reported operative difficulty. The primary objective was to assess for a correlation between linear measurements of visceral fat and reported operative difficulty.ResultsSeventy-nine patients had questionnaires completed, preoperative imaging obtained, and surgery performed. Univariate analysis showed all four linear measurements, body mass index, weight, and anticipated operative difficulty were associated with increased reported operative difficulty (P< 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that body mass index and linear measurements visceral obesity and total posterior were independently associated with increased reported operative difficulty (P< 0.05). Compared with body mass index, the visceral obesity measurement was more sensitive and specific for predicting increased reported operative difficulty (visceral obesity; sensitivity 54%, specificity 91 %; body mass index; sensitivity 38%, specificity 89%). A difficulty risk model combining body mass index, visceral obesity, and total posterior demonstrated better predictive performance than any individual preoperative variable.ConclusionsSimple linear measurements of visceral fat obtained from preoperative imaging are more predictive than body mass index alone in anticipating surgeon-reported operative difficulty. These easily obtained measurements may assist in preoperative decision making in this challenging patient population.

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Sowande, O. S., B. A. Orebela, and O. S. Iyasere. "Age- and sex-dependent regression parameters for estimating live weight frim body measurements of West African Dwarf sheep." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 39, no. 1 (2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v39i1.2273.

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The relationships between live weight and eight body measurements of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep were studied using 300 animals under farm condition. The animals were categorized based on age and sex. Data obtained on height at withers (HW), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), head length (HL), length of hindquarter (LHQ), width of hindquarter (WHQ), head width(HDW), and loin girth (LG) were fitted into simple linear (change in body measurement is directly proportional to weight or body size), allometric (body measurements do not necessarily change in direct proportion to weight or body size), and multiple linear regression models to predict live weight from the body measurements according to age group and sex. Results showed that live weight and body measurements of ewe were higher than that of the ram. Live weight, HG, HW, WHQ, LG, BL, LHQ, HL, and HW increased with the age of the animals. In multiple linear regression model, WHQ, LHQ, HW, HL and HDW best fit the model for sheep aged ≤1; HG, LG, BL and HDW for 2 year-old sheep; HG, BL, and HL best fit the model for sheep 3 years age group; LHQ best fit the model for sheep of 4 years of age; while HL best fits sheep that were in 5 year age category. Coefficients of determination (R2) values for linear and allometric models for predicting the live weight of WAD sheep increased with age in all the body measurements (HW, HG, BL, HL, LHQ, WHQ, HDW and LG). Sex had significant influence on the model with R2 values consistently higher in females except the models for LHQ, WHQ, LG and BL were they the same with the males. Based on R2 values, it was concluded that both linear and allometric regression models could be used to predict live weight from body measurements of WAD sheep. 

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McCool, F. D., K. B. Kelly, S. H. Loring, I. A. Greaves, and J. Mead. "Estimates of ventilation from body surface measurements in unrestrained subjects." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 3 (1986): 1114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.1114.

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To make estimates of ventilation from measurements of body surface movements in unrestrained subjects, we measured changes in linear dimensions and cross-sectional areas of the rib cage (RC) and abdomen (AB) of six healthy unrestrained subjects during a variety of maneuvers. RC and AB anteroposterior diameters and abdominal length in the cephalocaudal axis (axial displacement) were measured with magnetometers, and RC and AB cross-sectional areas were measured with a respiratory inductance plethysmograph. Flow was measured at the mouth with a pneumotachograph and integrated electrically to give volume. Volume and body surface measurements were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Addition of the axial measurements to either the anteroposterior dimensions or cross-sectional areas of RC and AB improved estimates of tidal volume in all subjects (P less than 0.01). With measurements of axial displacement and cross-sectional area of the RC and AB, tidal volume could be reliably estimated to within 20% of actual ventilation. We conclude that measurement of axial displacements improves estimates of ventilation in unrestrained subjects.

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Orme, L. E. "ESTIMATING COMPOSITION FROM LINEAR MEASUREMENTS, LIVE PROBE, AND BODY WEIGHT." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 110, no. 1 (2006): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb17096.x.

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Smallwood, David. "Validation of Measured Dynamic Data Using Rigid Body Response." Journal of the IEST 55, no. 1 (2012): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.55.1.2171387035102w27.

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As multiple axis vibration testing has become more widespread, it has become increasingly important to ensure the instrumentation is accurately portrayed in the instrumentation table. However, errors do occur. The method used in this paper to help uncover these errors is based on the condition that at low frequencies (below any resonant frequencies of the object being studied) the response is essentially rigid body. The spectral density matrix (SDM) at a low frequency, of many more than six response measurements, is decomposed using singular value decomposition (SVD). Under the assumption of rigid body response, it is assumed that the first six singular vectors are linear combinations of the six rigid body modes. The best linear fit is then calculated for this fit. The measurements are then removed one at a time, and the reduction in the fit error is calculated. It is assumed that if the removal of a measurement reduces the error significantly, that measurement is likely in error.

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Avišāne, Anita, Janis Rudzitis, Gunārs Upītis, and Janis Vilcāns. "Influence of Flexible Body Contact Deformation on the Linear Dimension Measurement Precision." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.321.

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The common measurement error when measuring the component geometrical dimensions using universal contact measurement instruments is caused by different factors, such as error of the measurement instrument, personal reading errors, effect of surface roughness on the measuring line deviation, influence of contact deformation measurement force, and others. The present article examines one of these factors, i.e. contact deformations under the influence of measurement force. To make precise measurements it is essential to find out the effect of roughness of measured components. High roughness creates additional measurement errors. It is particularly important in the measurement of thin components, flexible materials and films, as well as for components with nanocoating. Flexible bodies in the meaning of this article are components of different shape and sizes made of rubber or soft plastic. This article studies principles of error formation based on the deformation of surface roughness and basic material.

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Victoria, O., T. R. Fayeye, K. Luke Ayorinde, and H. Olojede. "Relationship between Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)." Journal of Scientific Research 6, no. 1 (2013): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16368.

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A total of 108 two-weeks-old Japanese quail chicks were used to study the relationship between body weight and linear measurements and to predict body weight from linear measurements of body length (BL), body girth (BG), wing length (WL), shank length (SL), shank diameter (SD) and drum stick (DS).The results showed that the mean quail birds body weights were 35.23g and 143.78g, at 2nd and 8th weeks, respectively. Body weight gain was increased between 2 and 6 weeks of age and thereafter decreased with advancing age. Female birds were significantly (P< 0.05) heavier than those of male counterpart at 6th and 8th weeks of age. Significantly positive correlations (P<0.01) were obtained between body weight and body measurements at 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. The best correlation was obtained between body weight and body girth at the 2nd week of age (0.70). The estimates of coefficient of determination and predictive equations show that body weight in Japanese quail is linearly related to body measurements especially with body girth and body length. The study shows that it is possible for breeders to use BG and BL as criteria for assessment and early selection of Japanese quail for body weight. Keywords: Japanese quail; Body weight; Linear measurements; Correlation © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16368 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 175-183 (2014)

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RA, Afolayan, Adeyinka IA, and Lakpini CAM. "The estimation of live weight from body measurements in Yankasa sheep." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 8 (2011): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3948-cjas.

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Live body measurements of weight, height, length, girth, stifle- and hip-width and a measure of muscularity (ratio of stifle to hip width) were monitored on 258 Yankasa sheep stratified into age categories of 1 to over 3 years determined mostly from records and partly by dentition. These animals are from purebred Yankasa sheep kept as a part of the open nucleus-breeding scheme of the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria. The effect of sex, type of birth and age group of lambs on live measurements and muscularity were analyzed by least-squares procedures. All variables examined, except sex, had significant (P &lt; 0.001) effects on all body measurements. At birth, male and single-born lambs were significantly heavier than female and twin-born lambs. At early age, most factors significantly (P &lt; 0.01) influenced the body weight, body dimensions and muscularity traits with single-born lambs being 31% heavier, 10% taller and 11% bigger in girth; more highly muscled than the twin-born lambs. This advantage of male over female born lambs (except in hip-width and girth) for growth and developmental traits was maintained reasonably well to the advanced ages. All phenotypic correlations between body measurements were positive and significant (P &lt; 0.001). The highest correlation coefficient was found between chest girth and body weight. The polynomial equation using chest girth as an independent variable predicted body weight more accurately as compared to the linear equation. &nbsp;

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Akanno, E. C., and S. N. Ibe. "Predication of body weight of the domestic rabbit at different stages of growth using linear body measurements." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 33, no. 1 (2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i1.1172.

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Data on body weight and linear body measurements (LBMs) namely ear length (EL), body width (BW), body length (BL), Head to shoulder (HS), Shoulder to tail (ST) and length of leg (LL) of 363 progeny of locally adapted Dutch , New Zealand White and crossbred rabbits at 3,6,9 and 12 weeks of age were analyzed to obtain phenotypic correlations between the various traits and prediction equations for body weight, using different linear body measurements. There were high and positive correlations between each of the linear body measurements and body weight and between the LBM themselves. The values ranged between 0.57 and 0.85, 0.34 and 0.89, 0.27 and 0.83 and 0.41 and 0.75 in weeks 3, 6, 9 and 12, respectively. Hence, it was possible to predict body weight of live rabbits from their linear body measurements, as an aid to farmers in areas where sensitive scales are not available. Except in purebred New Zealand White NZWxNZW, body: length (BL) was a good predictor of 3- week body weight (IBW) in all breed groups. Body width (BW) and BL only were good predictors of 6-week body weight in all breed groups. For predicting 9- week body weight, shoulder to tail drop (ST) was important in all breed groups in addition to either BW, ear length (EL) or body length (BL). ST and BW were important predictors of 12-week body weight generally in all breed groups.

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Saputra, E. A., M. F. Ulum, and J. Jakaria. "Association of SNP g.643G>A of MYF5 gene polymorphism with body weight and body measurements in Bali cattle." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 45, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.45.1.1-6.

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This study aimedto identify the SNP g.643G>Aof MYF5 genethen associate it with body weight and body size measurements in Bali cattle. Blood samples were collectedfrom 80 bali cattle at BPTU-HPT Denpasar Bali. Data on phenotypic properties observed included; birth weight, live weight, average daily gain, body length, chest depth, withers height, hip height, and heart girth. Polymorphismof the MYF5 gene was identifiedusing the PCR-RFLP method. Association of MYF5 genotypes with body weight and body size measurementswas performed using General Linear Model by SAS 9.4 program. MYF5│MspI gene was polymorphic with three genotypes: AA, AG, and GG. Genotype frequency of AA, AG and GG were 0.04 (3), 0.30 (24), and 0.65 (53), respectively. Allele frequencies were 0.19 and 0.81 for A and G alleles, respectively. Gene frequency analysis showed that Bali cattle at BPTU-HPT Denpasar was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Association of MYF5│MspI gene with body weight and body measurement were not significantly different. SNP g.643G>A could not be used as a genetic marker for the body weight and body size measurements in Bali cattle.

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Fernandes, Arthur Francisco Araujo, Erika R. de Alvarenga, Tiago L. Passafaro, et al. "PSII-6 Deep Learning image segmentation for extraction of body measurements and prediction of body weight in Nile tilapia." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.480.

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Abstract Individual measurement of traits of interest is of great importance for breeding and management decisions in animal production systems. However, measurements are often taken manually, which is laborious and also stressful for the animals. Therefore, the development of fast, precise and indirect measurement methods is paramount. An appealing way for such a task is through computer vision systems (CVS). Hence, the objectives of the current work were: 1) Devise a CVS for autonomous measurement of Nile tilapia body area, length, height, and eccentricity; and 2) Evaluation of linear models for prediction of body weight (BW). The pixels of 822 RGB images of live fish were labeled into background, fish fins or body using the “MTurk” crowdsourcing service. This dataset was then split into training (60% of data) and testing sets for the development of Deep Learning Networks for image segmentation into the three pixel categories. The networks differed in input image size (10 to 40% of original size) and number of encoder/decoder layer stacks (1 to 5). An independent dataset with 831 images was used for validation of the linear predictive models. The results for intersection over union (IoU) show that a network with input of 20% of the original size and 4 encoder/decoder stacks achieved the best results, with IoU on the test dataset of 99, 90 and 64% for background, fish body and fin, respectively (Figure 1). Predicted segmentation from this network on randomly selected images is shown in Figure 2. From the linear models evaluated, the one considering only area as input showed predicted R2 of 0.92 for fish BW (Table 1). In conclusion, the devised CVS was able to correctly separate fish body from background and fins, and a linear model using fish body area as input provided good predictive quality of Nile tilapia BW.

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Dezfuli, B. Taheri, M. Babaee, M. Reza Mashayekhi, and S. Savar Sofla. "Prediction of live-weight from linear body measurements in Iranian buffaloes." Advances in Animal Biosciences 1, no. 1 (2010): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470010004206.

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Fechner, Peer C., and Hanspeter Helm. "Imaging of spatial many-body wave functions via linear momentum measurements." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 2 (2014): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp53300j.

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Hewitt, A., TWJ Olchowy, AS James, et al. "Linear body measurements and productivity of subtropical Holstein–Friesian dairy calves." Australian Veterinary Journal 98, no. 7 (2020): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12950.

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Grasselli, Maurizio, and Masahiro Yamamoto. "Identifying a Spatial Body Force in Linear Elastodynamics via Traction Measurements." SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 36, no. 4 (1998): 1190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0363012996300288.

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Nosike, R. J., O. M. Obike, J. Ezea, et al. "Discrimination of the Nigerian local turkeys into breeds using linear body measurements." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 1 (2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i1.463.

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Turkey is one of the poultry species that is declining in Nigeria due to its importation as frozen turkey. In this study, a total of 78 day-old random-bred Nigerian local turkey poults were used to generate another 232 day-old poults to discriminate Nigerian local turkey based on linear body measurements. Three phenotypic classes (Black, White and Spotted) were obtained as base population and used to generate F1 progeny. Experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with phenotypic class as major factor of interest and hatch as block. Linear body measurements (LBMs), namely body length (BDL), shank length (SHL), keel length (KLL), breast width (BW), wing length (WGL) and drumstick length (DSL) were significantly different at weeks 7, 9, 11 and 19. There were two discriminant functions. The variance ratio (eigenvalue) of each of the two discriminant functions were not significant (p>0.05). The percentage of the total variance explained was 87.7% and 12.3% for the two functions respectively. Group centroids for the phenotypic classes were 7.210, -1.254 and -5.956 for Black, White and Spotted turkeys respectively. The magnitudes and signs of the group centroids indicate that the three phenotypes are distinctly different from one another when BDL (weeks 7, 11, 13 and 15), WGL (weeks 7, 9 and 11), KLL (weeks 7, 9 and 15) and SHL (weeks 11 and 21) are used as the discriminating factors. The study shows that linear body measurement is a reliable classification criterion for discriminating among the phenotypes, which are therefore, correctly described as different breeds/strains. Therefore, for rapid improvement in local turkeys and breed development, these linear body traits could be used to enhance its discrimination, classification and appropriate grouping into breeds. The present findings could assist in the design of long-term genetic improvement programmes for local turkey breeding and production in Nigeria.

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Iyiola-Tunji, A. O. "Hierarchical cluster analysis of yearling body weight and linear body measurementsof sheep of Northern Nigeria and their crosses." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 1 (2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i1.362.

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This study was conducted at the Sheep Project Unit of Small Ruminant Research Programme (SRRP) of National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria. Balami, Uda and Yankasa breeds (sheep of Northern Nigeria) were crossed . A total of 65 Yankasa, 23 Uda and 16 Balami ewes were served by 4 Yankasa, 3 Uda and 3 Balami rams. The diallel breeding pattern produced 192 lambs. However, only the 65 yearling that survived up to 12 months of age (yearling) were used for this study. The yearling body weight and linear body measurement data were analysed using General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of SAS with model that incorporated lamb genotype as fixed effects. Pairwise difference was used to separate the mean (SAS, 2003). Distances were used to construct dendrogram using the Unweighted Pairs Group Method Analysis implemented in R 2.13.0 package. TREE procedure that prints the dendrogram based on the distances between the clusters was introduced in PROC CLUSTER procedure. Yearling genotype affected body weight and all the linear body measurements considered in this study (P<0.05). The pure Balami yearling (BL X BL) had the highest birth weight at 12 months of age (29.10±4.02kg). Clumping structure of yearling body weight among sheep of Northern Nigeria and their crosses were grouped into two clusters at distance 2.656. Pure Balami (BL X BL) formed the first cluster while the rest of the genotypes belong to the second cluster. The second cluster was further divided into two sub-groups at 0.796. The first sub-group had yearlings from pure Uda (UD X UD), Uda ram and Yankasa ewe (UD X YK), Uda ram and Balami ewe (UD X BL), Balami ram and Uda ewe (BL X UD) and Yankasa ram and Uda ewe (YK X UD) at 0.514. Similar clumping structures with two clusters share among the nine genotypes at varied distances were recorded for all the linear body measurements studied. Patterns of similarities were established for yearling body weight and linear body measurements among sheep of Northern Nigeria and their crosses. Improvement plans for yearling growth traits of sheep in Nigeria should consider the genotypes with divergent genetic distances as sires and dams. This will ensure the best exploration of positive heterosis.

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Ribeiro, F. R. B., B. Barcelos, L. C. Nuti, et al. "1676 The relationship between body condition score and body weight, body linear measurements and real-time ultrasound body composition measurements in Alpine does before breeding and kidding." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (2016): 816–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1676.

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VALDEVINO, Gisele de Castro Maciel, Vera Maria Ferreira DA SILVA, and Rodrigo de Souza AMARAL. "Using osteological measurements to estimate body length in Amazonian manatees." Acta Amazonica 51, no. 2 (2021): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202004731.

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ABSTRACT Body length is an important parameter in morphological, ecological and behavioral studies of a species and contributes to the understanding of the body condition of individuals. This parameter is essential for conservation and management strategies by informing studies evaluating growth rates, physical maturity and classification of individuals into age groups, promoting better accuracy for the biological parameters of the species. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of body length for Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis) using metric characters of osteological materials. Eleven linear measurements of skull, jaw, scapulae and humeri were collected from 41 Amazonian manatee skeletons of different age classes (calf, juvenile and adult). Data were analyzed by simple linear regression. The condylobasal length was the best predictor of body length for the species (R = 0.943), however, all bones evaluated showed at least one measurement with the capacity to predict body size (R2 > 0.9). Results of this study are useful for inferring body length of Amazonian manatees using bones deposited in museums and biological collections, expanding the informative potential of these materials.

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Adeoye, A. A. "Sex effects and phenotypic correlation among growth traits in America standard Chinchilla rabbits in Southwest Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.852.

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Data on body weight and linear body measurements collected from 101 America StandardChinchilla rabbits comprised of 62 females and 39 males at eight weeks were used todetermine the effect of sex and phenotypic correlations among the growth traits. Theestimates were statistically (p<0.05) higher in the female compared with male in virtually all the traits considered except in the fore arm length. The values for body weight, body length, ear length, tail length, fore arm length, heart girth and abdominal circumference for females were 1.19 kg, 31.97 cm, 10.67 cm, 9.89 cm, 15.61 cm, 21.61 cm and 23.75 cm, respectively while the corresponding values for males were 0.88 kg, 28.00 cm, 10.44 cm, 8.95 cm, 14.74 cm, 19.62 cm and 21.67 cm. The correlation between body weight and the linear body measurements was positively significant (p<0.05 and p<0.001) and ranged between 0.301 and 0.951 in males while in females positive and significant correlations were found between body weight and body length (0.831), tail length (0.184), heart girth (0.788) and abdominal circumference (0.719). The correlations among the linear body measurements in the males ranged between 0.108 and 0.951 while in females it ranged between -0.235 and 0.681. The positive relationships between body weight and linear body measurements can be used as basis for body weight selection in both male and female rabbits

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Sonubi, A. E., A. S. Adenaike, A. A. Dauda, et al. "Bayesian principal component analysis of Nigerian indigenous normal feather chickens' body linear measurements." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 1 (2020): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i1.451.

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The indigenous chicken is a store house of unique genes that could be used in other parts of the world for improving other breeds. This study was carried out using bayesian principal component analysis and aimed objectively at determining the effect of sex on Nigerian indigenous normal feather chickens' body dimension, describing their body shape, and predicting their body weights from body measurements using orthogonal conformation traits derived from the principal components score. The parameters measured at 16 weeks of age were body weight, body length, breast girth, thigh length, shank length, shank diameter, keel length, wing length, wing span, and tail length on 233 randomly selected adult chickens. Sexual dimorphism was observed in all the traits with higher values recorded for males. Bayesian correlations among body weight and biometric traits were positive (r = 0.09 to 0.651 and 0.017 to 0.579 in male and female chickens respectively). The descriptive statistics showed that the mean body weight was 1.8085 ± 0.263 kg for males and 1.403 ± 0.226 kg for females. The first two principal components (PCs) were extracted for the males, both PCs components account for 72.21%. For the females, three PCs were extracted and they account for 77%. The first PC in each case accounted for the greatest percentage of the total variation. The use of orthogonal body shape characteristics derived from components' scores was more appropriate than the use of original traits in body weight prediction as multi-collinearity problems were eliminated. This led to simultaneous analysis of these body measurements rather than on individual basis. These components could be used as selection criteria for improving body weight of indigenous Nigerian chickens.

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Alabi, O. J., J. W. Ng`ambi, D. Norris, and S. S. A. Egena. "Comparative Study of Three Indigenous Chicken Breeds of South Africa: Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements." Agricultural Journal 7, no. 3 (2012): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/aj.2012.220.225.

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Bello, A. A., and T. Z. Adama. "Studies on Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements of Castrates and Non-Castrate Savannah Brown Goats." Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 6, no. 3 (2012): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajas.2012.140.146.

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Ouchene-Khelifi, N. A., and N. Ouchene. "Statistical models based on morphometric traits for live body weight estimation in goats." Agricultural Science and Technology 13, Volume 13, Issue 2 (2021): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2021.02.022.

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to develop statistical models to predict body weight from goat’s body measurements. Data on 1702 goats for circumferences of chest (CG), abdominal circumference (AC) and spiral circumference (SC), height at withers (WH), body length (BL), and body weight (BW) were analysed to study the relationship between linear body measurements and body weight. The present study revealed that in the goats from all breeds studied (Arabia, Makatia, Kabyle, M’zabite, Saanen and Alpine), the weight evolved in the same direction and at the same rate as the linear measurements chosen. The linear measurements were all significantly correlated with animal weight (p<0.001). Results indicated that Arabia goats had the highest WH (71.07 cm) and CG (17.72 cm). The highest measurements were reported in Alpine goats for AC (97.73 cm), BL (78.05 cm), SC (106.29 cm) and BW (41.60 kg). The Kabyle breed were recorded with the lowest values for the WH (64.95 cm), BL (67.58 cm) and BW (29.52 kg). The average live weight was 38.15±10.90 kg with differences according to age, sex and breed (Arabia, Makatia, Kabyle and M’Zabite). Positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlations were observed between BW and the majority of independent variables. The highest relationship was illustrated between CG with BW (r=0.922). Linear regression analyses were performed to develop the models. The simple regression analysis found all parameters to be significant (p<0.001) (WH, BL, CG, AC and CS) and CG gave more precision on the weight when using a single measurement parameter (R2 varied between 0.950 and 0.967). Therefore, the following formula can be used to estimate the live weight of the animals using only the chest circumference (P=75*CG). The development of these equations would enable producers and researchers to predict the animal body weight and develop strategic plans for the relevant goat herds.

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Bailey, Curtiss M., T. Liboriussen, and B. Bech Andersen. "Linear Body Measurements and Muscle Distribution in F1, Holstein × Friesian Intact Males." Journal of Animal Science 61, no. 1 (1985): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1985.611129x.

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Udeh, I., S. O. C. Ugwu, and N. L. Ogagifo. "Predicting Semen Traits of Local and Exotic Cocks using Linear Body Measurements." Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 5, no. 4 (2011): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajas.2011.268.276.

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Ozoje, M. O., and U. Herbert. "LINEAR MEASURMENT IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) AND WAD X RED SOKOTO GOATS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 24, no. 1 (2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v24i1.2342.

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Performance record of 76 West African Dwarf (WAD) and WAD X Red Sokoto (RS) kid were compared for efficiency of growth in skeletal dimensions. Genotype (P<0.01) affected all the measurement studied. Halfbred kids were superior in all body parts from birth till 150 day of age. Maternal effect did not contribute to better performance among the halfbred kids, although, it influence varied from 5-33% at different stages of growth in favour of the halfbreds. Season of birth (p>0.05) affected all measurement studied at birth except shoulder width. However, at 90 days and 150 days of age, seasonal influence became significant (p<0.05) on shoulder width and non significant for all other body measurements. At birth, kids born in dry season (October-April) had superior body length, shoulder width and leg length, but those born in the rainy season had superior hearth girth. Genotype x season interaction affected shoulder width significantly (p<0.01) at birth. While sex and type of birth did not significantly influence body measurement at any age.

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Tarugara, Allan, Bruce W. Clegg, Edson Gandiwa, Victor K. Muposhi, and Colin M. Wenham. "Measuring body dimensions of leopards (Panthera pardus) from camera trap photographs." PeerJ 7 (September 18, 2019): e7630. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7630.

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Measurement of body dimensions of carnivores usually requires the chemical immobilization of subjects. This process can be dangerous, costly and potentially harmful to the target individuals. Development of an alternative, inexpensive, and non-invasive method therefore warrants attention. The objective of this study was to test whether it is possible to obtain accurate measurements of body dimensions of leopards from camera trap photographs. A total of 10 leopards (Panthera pardus) were captured and collared at Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve, Zimbabwe from May 7 to June 20, 2017 and four body measurements namely shoulder height, head-to-tail, body, and tail length were recorded. The same measurements were taken from 101 scaled photographs of the leopards recorded during a baited-camera trapping (BCT) survey conducted from July 1 to October 22, 2017 and differences from the actual measurements calculated. Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Models were used to determine the effect of type of body measurement, photographic scale, posture, and sex on the accuracy of the photograph-based measurements. Type of body measurement and posture had a significant influence on accuracy. Least squares means of absolute differences between actual and photographic measurements showed that body length in the level back-straight forelimb-parallel tail posture was measured most accurately from photographs (2.0 cm, 95% CI [1.5–2.7 cm]), while head-to-tail dimensions in the arched back-bent forelimb-parallel tail posture were least accurate (8.3 cm, 95% CI [6.1–11.2 cm]). Using the BCT design, we conclude that it is possible to collect accurate morphometric data of leopards from camera trap photographs. Repeat measurements over time can provide researchers with vital body size and growth rate information which may help improve the monitoring and management of species of conservation concern, such as leopards.

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Hafid, Harapin. "Performances Body Dimensions of Bali Cattle of Traditional Livestock in Southeast Sulawesi." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 3, no. 2 (2020): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v3i2.3997.

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This study aims to determine the comparison of body measurements and body weight of male and female Balinese cows. The research was at the Kendari City Slaughterhouse. Measuring 94 Bali cows consisting of 47 males and 47 females aged 1-3 years. Data were analyzed by Student's T-test. The results showed that the average male body weight was 191.30 kg and female 181.98 kg. The average body measurements of male and female Balinese cows are body length (114.11 cm and 110.15 cm), gumba height (111.68 cm and 109.60 cm), chest circumference (149.30 cm and 146.15 cm), front canon bone circumference (14.89 cm and 14.75 cm), rear canon bone circumference (16.67 cm and 16.63 cm). Where there is no significant difference in linear body measurements in the two sexes of cattle (p> 0.05). It was concluded that the linear measurements of the bodies of Balinese male and female cattle from traditional livestock breeding in Sulawesi Sulawesi were relatively uniform. But quantitatively the body measurements of male Bali cattle are relatively higher compared to female Bali cattle.

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Nosike, R. J., D. N. Onunkwo, E. N. Obasi, et al. "Prediction of body weight with morphometric traits in some broiler chicken strains." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 3 (2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.732.

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Morphometric traits also called linear body measurements or conformation traits are important parameters in predicting body weight especially in commercial breeders and producers. Thus, the study was carried out to predict body weight of broiler using linear body measurement. In this study, a total of 270 day old broiler chicks comprising of 90 chicks each of Abor Acre, Ross and Marshal Strains were used. Data were collected on body weight using body measurements to include breast length (BRL), thigh width (TW), shank length (SL), keel length (KL), wing length and drumstick length (DL). The regression analysis was simple linear regression. The values of the coefficient of determination (R2) in Abor Acre, Ross and Marshall strains ranged from 89.8 – 99.8; 88.4 – 98.9; and 80.8 – 99.5 respectively with thigh width showing the highest % R2 value of 99.8% in week 2; 66.5 – 97.9; 60.3 – 80.4 and 28.6 – 72.3 respectively with breast length (97.9%) having the highest % R2 value. This showed that breast length was the best predictor of the body weight of the broiler in week 4; 38.5 – 100; 88.0 – 98.6; 17.0 – 94.8 with shank length (100%) showing a 100% R2 value. This showed that breast length was the best predictor of the body weight of the broiler in week 4; 38.5 – 100; 88.0 – 98.6; 17.0 – 94.8 with shank length (100%) showing a 100% R2 value in week 6; 76.9 – 96.3, 72.2 – 88.8 and 58.1 – 97.6 respectively with wing length recording the highest % R2 value in week 6; 76.9 – 96.3, 72.2 – 88.8 and 58.1 – 97.6 respectively with wing length recording the highest value (97.9%) week 8. The different strains had different coefficient of determination (R2) values above 50% with different linear body parameter at different ages of the birds, indicating that any of the linear body parameter could be used to predict body weight of broiler chicken although, accuracy of prediction increased with increasing R2 value. Amongst all the linear body parameters evaluated, the shank length of Abor Acres strain had highest R2 value (100%) in week 6. Thus shank length was the best linear body parameter with 100% accuracy of prediction, and may be useful criterion in estimation of growth and prediction of body weight.

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Oates, Simon A., Lynsey Forsythe, John D. Somauroo, Keith P. George, Michael Papadakis, and David Oxborough. "Scaling to produce size-independent indices of echocardiographic derived aortic root dimensions in elite Rugby Football League players." Ultrasound 27, no. 2 (2019): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x18818607.

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The assessment of aortic root dimensions is important in cardiac pre-participation screening. Scaling of cardiac dimensions removes the impact of body size allowing meaningful inter/intra group comparisons. Developing appropriate scaling approaches, scaling variables and extending the application to major vessels is warranted so underlying pathology can be detected and managed appropriately. The study aims to define relationships between aortic root dimensions and body surface area/height. Two hundred and twenty elite Rugby Football League athletes were recruited. All participants completed anthropometric assessments, a 12-lead ECG and echocardiogram. Aortic root was measured at the aortic annulus, sinus of valsalva, sinotubular junction and the proximal ascending aorta. Linear and allometric scaling were performed on the relationship between aortic measurements and body surface area/height. Absolute aortic root measurements fell within normal population data (mean ± standard deviation (range): aortic annulus: 22 ± 2 (17–28) mm, sinus of valsalva: 28 ± 3 (20–38) mm, sinotubular junction: 22 ± 3 (14–33) mm, proximal ascending aorta: 22 ± 3 (15–31) mm). Linear scaling to height produced size-independent indices at all aortic measurement sites (P < 0.05). Conversely, linear scaling using body surface area did not produce size-independent indices at any site (P > 0.05). Allometric scaling, using both body surface area and height, produced size-independent indices at all sites (P < 0.05). We recommend linearly scaling aortic root dimensions to height in elite Rugby Football League athletes and discourage the use of body surface area as a linear scaling quantity. Allometric scaling is also effective when using both body surface area and height.

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Bertrand, Samuel, Ivan Kojadinovic, Wafa Skalli, and David Mitton. "ESTIMATION OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL HUMAN BODY DIMENSIONS FROM FEW EXTERNAL MEASUREMENTS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 12, no. 04 (2009): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957709002389.

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Purpose. The primary objective of the study was to determine a way to obtain subject-specific body dimensions. The aim was then to develop linear statistical models for estimating human body geometry from a small number of body measurements. Methods. Internal (bone dimensions) and external (body) measurements were collected on 64 healthy adults representative of three morphotypes. Simple and multiple linear regression models between external and internal body dimensions were then obtained and assessed. Results. The statistical analysis provided 184 anthropometrical models which allow estimation of subject-specific external and internal data from 10 external dimensions that can be easily measured on any subject. Among them, 62 models had a 2SEE (i.e. twice the Standard Error of Estimate) lower than 10%. Conclusion. This study proposes a non-invasive approach to estimate both external and internal body dimensions.

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Rashid, Md Mahbubur, Md Azharul Hoque, Khan Shahidul Huque, Md Azharul Islam Talukder, and AK Fazlul Huque Bhuiyan. "Morphometric characterization of Brahman crossbred cattle and prediction of live weight using linear body measurements." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1, no. 3 (2016): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26480.

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The present work was conducted to evaluate the variability in linear body measurements; to investigate the relationship between body linear measurements and live weight and to predict live weight of F1 Brahman crossbred cattle using body measurements. A total of 123 male and 87 female F1 Brahman crossbred cattle of 6-36 months age and weighing from 63 to 535 kg were used for the study over a period from 2010 to 2014. The study revealed that that most of the morphological measurements were linearly increased with the advances of age. The body weight had highest correlation coefficient with the heart girth around the chest (r=0.96, p<0.001) and lowest with canon bone length (r=0.49, p<0.001) compared with other body measurements. The correlations of body weight with tail length, ear length, canon bone length and canon bone width were at medium level (r=0.51-0.79). Grouping of data according to age indicated that heart girth in >24 months group had highest correlation coefficient (r=0.96) with body weight compared to ?12 months (r=0.92) and >12-24 months (r=0.95) group. The stepwise regression models revealed that heart girth singly accounted highest variation (93%) in body weight for all animals. Thus, the general equation for prediction of live weight of Brahman crossbred cattle was Y=4.07HG356 (±6.96) where Y=live weight (Kg), HG=heart girth around the chest (cm). The regression equations for the live weight were Y=2.71HG191 (±13.5), Y=4.05HG357 (±9.77) and Y=4.87HG471 (±23.0) for ?12, >12-24 and >24 months age groups. The best model for estimating body weight was obtained using HG and body length (BL) for all animals Y=2.83HG+1.80BL392 (±6.69). These results suggested that prediction equations based on HG or in combination of HG and BL can be used efficiently in Brahman crossbred cattle to predict live weight.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 569-577

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Pearson, R. E., J. L. Lucas, and W. E. Vinson. "Ability of Subjective Linear Scores to Represent Cow Differences in Objective Body Measurements." Journal of Dairy Science 70, no. 12 (1987): 2610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(87)80330-2.

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TUTKUN, M. "ESTIMATION OF LIVE WEIGHT OF HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULLS BY USING BODY LINEAR MEASUREMENTS." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17, no. 2 (2019): 2257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1702_22572265.

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Mwacharo, J. M., A. M. Okeyo, G. K. Kamande, and J. E. O. Rege. "The small East African shorthorn zebu cows in Kenya. I: Linear body measurements." Tropical Animal Health and Production 38, no. 1 (2006): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-006-4266-y.

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Maas, Paula, Beata Grzegrzółka, Philipp Kreß, Martin Oberle, Michael Judas, and Prisca Valerie Kremer-Rücker. "Prediction of body composition in mirror carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) by using linear measurements in vivo and computed tomography post-mortem." Archives Animal Breeding 63, no. 1 (2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-63-69-2020.

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Abstract. The mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) belongs to the cyprinids, the world's largest and most important fish family in aquaculture. The fat content and the fillet yield are important parameters in the marketing of carp. Although the influence of the environment on the body composition of the carp has been well studied, there is little research in the field of breeding. For this purpose, precise phenotyping is indispensable. Therefore, during this study a total of 33 mirror carps were examined using computed tomography (CT) technology. First, the fish were examined alive. Total body weight and linear measurements such as lengths, height and circumferences were measured, and ultrasound was used to determine the back-fat thickness. The fish were then slaughtered and whole body scans of all fish using CT were made. The carps were filleted and the fillets with skin were chemically analyzed. In order to predict the chemical fillet fat content, thickness measurements and volume calculations of the back fat were carried out using CT. Compared to the CT-based back-fat thickness measurement correlated with the results from the chemical analysis (R2=0.62), the CT-based volume measurement of the back fat leads to a higher coefficient of determination (R2=0.85). Prediction results can still be improved by adding linear measurements. The in vivo ultrasound (US) examination of the back-fat thickness was compared with the CT back-fat thickness results. The measurements of the back-fat thickness took place at similar positions in the fish. Coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.63 to 0.77 were obtained. The back fat in mirror carp proved to be an interesting area for determining the fillet fat content. The evaluation of the fillet yield resulted in a mean value of 42.89 % with a standard deviation of ±2.43. Fillet yield (%) correlated with CT-based fillet thickness measurement resulted in a moderate coefficient of determination (R2 of 0.45). A similar coefficient of determination was achieved with selected linear measurements.

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Di Puccio, Francesca, and Paola Forte. "Identification of the 3D Vibratory Motion of a Rigid Body by Accelerometer Measurements." Shock and Vibration 11, no. 3-4 (2004): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/372037.

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The identification of the motion of a rigid body by means of linear accelerometers is a problem already investigated by many researchers, but still debated. The optimisation of the number and placement of accelerometers is also another important aspect of the problem. In this study, an experimental procedure is proposed and applied to identify the rigid-body vibratory motion of the steering wheel of a sporting car, by means of six linear accelerometers. Some numerical simulations for investigating possible errors are also presented.

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Rizun, Peter. "Optimal Wiener Filter for a Body Mounted Inertial Attitude Sensor." Journal of Navigation 61, no. 3 (2008): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463308004736.

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An optimal attitude estimator is presented for a human body-mounted inertial measurement unit employing orthogonal triads of gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers. The estimator continuously fuses gyroscope and accelerometer measurements together in a manner that minimizes the mean square error in the estimate of the gravity vector, based on known spectral characteristics for the gyroscope noise and the linear acceleration of points on the human body. The gyroscope noise is modelled as a white noise process of power spectral density δn2/2 while the linear acceleration is modelled as the derivative of a band-limited white noise process of power spectral density δv2/2. The estimator is robust to centripetal acceleration and guaranteed to have zero mean error regardless of the motion of the sensor. The mean square angular error in attitude is shown to be independent of the module's angular velocity and equal to 21/2g−1/2δn3/2δv1/2.

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maylinda, sucik, and Woro Busono. "The accuracy of body weight estimation in Fat Tailed Sheep based on linear body measurements and tail circumference." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 29, no. 2 (2019): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2019.029.02.11.

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Mahmud, Muhammad, Peter Shaba, Wosilat Abdulsalam, et al. "Live body weight estimation using cannon bone length and other body linear measurements in Nigerian breeds of sheep." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 1, no. 4 (2014): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2014.a29.

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Agamy, R., A. Y. Abdel-Mone, M. S. Abd-Alla, I. I. Abdel-Mage, and G. M. Ashmawi. "Using Linear Body Measurements to Predict Body Weight and Carcass Characteristics of Three Egyptian Fat-Tailed Sheep Breeds." Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 10, no. 7 (2015): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2015.335.344.

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Yahaya, H. K., E. A. Abare, and B. I. Nwagu. "Phenotypic correlation of linear type measurements and functional type traits in two Nigerian cattle breeds." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 5 (2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i5.311.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of linear measurements and linear type traits in two breeds of cattle in Nigeria. Observations on linear type traits of 142 cows consisting of 89 Bunaji and 53 Sokoto Gudali breeds were scaled and scored thrice within a period of May to July, 2017. Live weight and nine body linear measurements (Height at Rump-HR, Height at Withers-HW, Body Length-BL, Length of Hip-LH, Rump Length-RL, Width of Hips-WH, Width of Pins-WP, Chest Depth-CD, and Chest Width-CW) and eight linear type traits scores (Stature-ST, Body Depth-BD, Rump Width-RW, Teat Length-TL, Udder Depth-UD, Body Condition Score-BCS, Rear Legs Set (side view), and Fore Udder Attachment) were also measured. Result showed significant (p<0.05) difference for HW (129.61±0.31), BL (107.87±0.32), LGT (85.37±0.34), RL (40.04±0.17) and CW (35.07±0.28) for Bunaji cows which were higher than HW (127.65±0.40), BL (104.02±0.51), LGT (82.22±0.40), RL (37.87±0.91) and CW (30.04±0.29 cm), respectively for Sokoto Gudali cows. The highest live weight was obtained with Sokoto Gudali (230.61 kg) which differed significantly (p<0.05) from the Bunaji cows (219.05 kg). Phenotypic correlation result showed that cumulative index had the highest correlation with body length (0.684) in Bunaji cow and highest correlation with width of pins (0.790) in Sokoto Gudali cows. Live weight had the highest correlation with height at withers (0.701) in Bunaji cows, and highest correlation with chest depth (0.823) in Sokoto Gudali cows. In conclusion, there were considerable variations observed for some body measurements, linear type and functional indices and type trait scores between Bunaji and Sokoto Gudali cows, which indicated clear genetic distinction between them.

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Al-Rawashdeh, Yazan M., and Moustafa Elshafei. "Filtering Techniques for Estimating the Angular Motion Using All-Accelerometers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 829 (March 2016): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.829.103.

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Linear accelerometers can be used to retrieve the angular motion of the body they are attached to if their measurements are handled in an appropriate way. In this paper, an 18-accelerometer configuration is used to facilitate angular motion determination. Various measurement models are investigated where each model utilizes different accelerometers’ measurements. These models are used to build linear and nonlinear filters. The filters performances are evaluated and the associated sign ambiguity problem is solved. It is shown that a norm-constrained Kalman filters bank will give the best results. This work can be used within inertial navigation systems as a replacement of the gyroscopes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Linear body measurements'

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