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1
Farabee, Nancy C. Linear programming concepts for unit commitment. Denver, Colo: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1992.
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2
Guardia, Soledad M. Guarch. Unit root non-linear time series models. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.
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3
Dritschel, Michael A. Model theory and linear extreme points in the numerical radius unit ball. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1997.
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4
Chappell, David. Non-linear characteristics of the sterling/European currency unit exchange rate: 1984-1992. Sheffield: Sheffield University Management School, 1996.
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5
Chortareas, Georgios. The yen real exchange rate may be stationary after all: Evidence from non-linear unit root tests. London: Bank of England, 2006.
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6
Jewesbury, Daniel. No higher unity: Hybridity, non-linear narratives and the mirage in the Arizona desert. [S.l: The Author], 2001.
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7
Zanoni, Bruno, Erminio Monteleone, and Claudio Peri, eds. Linea guida per la progettazione di un sistema di gestione per la qualità di un corso di studi universitario. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-203-5.
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Questa linea guida è il frutto del lavoro di un gruppo di docenti delle Facoltà di Agraria di quasi tutti gli Atenei italiani. Essa ha come oggetto la progettazione di un Sistema di Gestione per la Qualità di un Corso di Studi Universitario che sia accreditabile o, per meglio dire, certificabile in conformità alla norma UNI EN ISO 9001. I contenuti e l'impostazione portano questa linea guida ad essere oggetto di consultazione e di approfondimento da parte di docenti, Presidi e Presidenti dei Corsi di Laurea di qualsiasi Facoltà italiana. Il Sistema proposto è una possibile evoluzione dell'iniziativa CampusOne per la realizzazione di Sistemi gestionali per la didattica.
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Vallejo Maldonado, Pablo Ramon, and Nikolay Chaynov. Kinematics and dynamics of automobile piston engines. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/989072.
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The fundamentals of kinematics and dynamics of transport piston internal combustion engines made using different layout schemes are presented. Along with the traditional in-line, V-shaped, including oppositional, arrangement of cylinders, schemes with "staggered" arrangement of cylinders in the block at the displaced connecting rod necks of the crankshaft of the engine are considered. The kinematics of the coaxial crank mechanism is considered in detail. The questions of dynamics with reduction of calculated dependences of forces, moments, a choice of a rational order of work of cylinders in relation to the considered kinematic schemes are in detail stated. Considerable attention is paid to the unevenness of the crankshaft rotation speed and engine balancing. The loads on the main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, the knowledge of which is necessary in determining the bearing capacity of bearing units, are also considered.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 23.03.03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes" and related areas.
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Andò, Valeria. Euripide, Ifigenia in Aulide. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-513-1.
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This volume contains the first Italian critical edition with introduction, translation and commentary of Euripides’ Iphigenia in Aulis. The tragedy, exhibited posthumously in 405 BCE, stages the first mythical segment of the Trojan War, namely the sacrifice of Iphigenia, daughter of king Agamemnon, head of the Greek army, in order to propitiate the winds that should lead the navy to Troy. A tragedy of intrigue and unveiling, in which all the characters try to oppose the sacrifice, judged to be an impiety despite its sacred essence. It is therefore a tragedy without gods, in which characters of modest moral stature move, unstable, ready to sudden changes of mind, and among whom the protagonist stands out: the girl who, having overcome the dismay for the destiny awaiting her, voluntarily moves towards death on the altar, for a flimsy patriotic ideal and with the illusion of achieving immortal glory. Since the end of the eighteenth century, the text of this tragedy, handed over to us by the manuscript tradition, has been exposed more than others to a rigorous philological criticism that has broken its unity, through considerable expunctions of entire sections and sequences of verses. The volume traces the phases of this critical work, showing its methods – and sometimes its excesses – and choosing a balance line in the constitution of the text. The overall exegesis of the tragedy, which I propose in this study, consists in the belief that, despite the exodus being spurious, the finale, in view of which the entire dramaturgy was composed, still had to contemplate Iphigenia’s salvation. In fact, if the Panhellenic ideal of defence against the barbarians is now meaningless, and if a war of destruction, to begin with, needs the death of an innocent person, then this death must be transcended and the horror of human sacrifice must dissolve. It therefore seems that, once political current events become opaque, the poet’s research tends to create situations of great patheticism in an aesthetic setting of refined beauty.
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Center for Occupational Research & Devel and Cordamst16. Unit 16: Solv Probl That Involv Linear Eq. CORD Communications, 1999.
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11
University, Open, ed. Quantitative methods in business: Unit 11 : Linear programming. Milton Keynes: Open University, 2003.
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13
Perham. Topics for Discrete Math: Unit 3 Linear Programming Se. Addison-Wesley Pub (T), 1993.
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14
Quantitative methods in business: Unit 8 : Simple linear regression. Milton Keynes: Open University, 2003.
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15
Congdon, Peter. General linear gravity models for the impact of casualty unit closures. 1996.
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16
Sinclair, John, and Anna Mauranen. Linear Unit Grammar: Integrating speech and writing (Studies in Corpus Linguistics). John Benjamins Pub Co, 2006.
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17
Sinclair, John, and Anna Mauranen. Linear Unit Grammar: Integrating speech and writing (Studies in Corpus Linguistics). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2006.
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18
Science, Lawrence Hall of, ed. Equals investigations, growth patterns: A middle-school mathematics unit focusing on linear and exponential growth functions. Berkeley, CA: University of California at Berkeley, 1994.
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19
Unit 16 Teachers Edition Binder Interactive Mathematics Classroom Instructional Resources Growing Pains Linear and Exponential Growth Glencoe. Glencoe McGaw-Hill, 1995.
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20
Hrushovski, Ehud, and François Loeser. A closer look at the stable completion. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161686.003.0005.
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This chapter introduces the concept of stable completion and provides a concrete representation of unit vector Mathematical Double-Struck Capital A superscript n in terms of spaces of semi-lattices, with particular emphasis on the frontier between the definable and the topological categories. It begins by constructing a topological embedding of unit vector Mathematical Double-Struck Capital A superscript n into the inverse limit of a system of spaces of semi-lattices L(Hsubscript d) endowed with the linear topology, where Hsubscript d are finite-dimensional vector spaces. The description is extended to the projective setting. The linear topology is then related to the one induced by the finite level morphism L(Hsubscript d). The chapter also considers the condition that if a definable set in L(Hsubscript d) is an intersection of relatively compact sets, then it is itself relatively compact.
21
Caramello, Olivia. Examples of theories of presheaf type. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758914.003.0011.
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This chapter discusses several classical as well as new examples of theories of presheaf type from the perspective of the theory developed in the previous chapters. The known examples of theories of presheaf type that are revisited in the course of the chapter include the theory of intervals (classified by the topos of simplicial sets), the theory of linear orders, the theory of Diers fields, the theory of abstract circles (classified by the topos of cyclic sets) and the geometric theory of finite sets. The new examples include the theory of algebraic (or separable) extensions of a given field, the theory of locally finite groups, the theory of vector spaces with linear independence predicates and the theory of lattice-ordered abelian groups with strong unit.
22
Menzer, Paul. Lines. Edited by Henry S. Turner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641352.013.6.
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This chapter examines the importance of the ‘line’ in the composition, reading, editing, interpretation, and performance of early modern drama. It considers the gradual emergence of the poetic verse that is characteristic of early modern drama and one of the most obviously ‘textual’ units of early modern theatre. It shows that the line, before it became a formal verse element, persisted as a graphic mark, a technology of performance shared by musicians and singers as well as actors and playwrights. It explains how the line, through the printing of plays and poems, became the immaterial metaphysical unit we associate with the period’s finest ‘literary’ writing. It also discusses physical and metaphysical lines and their attempt to regulate silence. Finally, it argues that attention at the level of the line pushes performance towards the typographic, even advancing a kind of ‘typographical acting’ alert to every piece of punctuation, every line break, every diacritically pricked out metrical inflection.
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Wigmans, Richard. The Energy Response of Calorimeters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786351.003.0003.
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This chapter deals with the signals produced by particles that are being absorbed in a calorimeter. The calorimeter response is defined as the average signal produced per unit energy deposited in this absorption process, for example in terms of picoCoulombs per GeV. Defined in this way, a linear calorimeter has a constant response. Typically, the response of the calorimeter depends on the type of particle absorbed in it. Also, most calorimeters are non-linear for hadronic shower detection. This is the essence of the so-called non-compensation problem, which has in practice major consequences for the performance of calorimeters. The origins of this problem, and its possible solutions are described. The roles of the sampling fraction, the sampling frequency, the signal integration time and the choice of the absorber and active materials are examined in detail. Important parameters, such as the e/mip and e/h values, are defined and methods to determine their value are described.
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Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration of Gear Units (AGMA 6000). Amer Gear Manufactures Assn, 1996.
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25
Parkhomenko, Alexander, Olga S. Gurjeva, and Tetyana Yalynska. Clinical assessment and monitoring of chest radiographs. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0019.
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This chapter reviews the main problems in obtaining portable X-rays in intensive cardiac care unit patients and describes specific features of radiographs taken in the supine anteroposterior position. It also includes a brief review of a systematic, multistep approach of evaluating the quality of radiographic images and describing the chest wall, pulmonary vasculature, the heart and its chambers, the great vessels, and the position of tubes, lines, and devices. This chapter covers the most common conditions for which chest radiographs are useful and provides intensive cardiac care unit physicians, cardiologists, cardiology fellows, and medical students with basic information on water retention, air collection, and lung-related problems. It also focuses on the monitoring of line and device placements (e.g. central venous catheters, tube malposition) and procedure-related abnormalities, which may be apparent on chest X-rays and are helpful for timely diagnoses.
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Parkhomenko, Alexander, Olga S. Gurjeva, and Tetyana Yalynska. Clinical assessment and monitoring of chest radiographs. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0019_update_001.
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This chapter reviews the main problems in obtaining portable X-rays in intensive cardiac care unit patients and describes specific features of radiographs taken in the supine anteroposterior position. It also includes a brief review of a systematic, multistep approach of evaluating the quality of radiographic images and describing the chest wall, pulmonary vasculature, the heart and its chambers, the great vessels, and the position of tubes, lines, and devices. This chapter covers the most common conditions for which chest radiographs are useful and provides intensive cardiac care unit physicians, cardiologists, cardiology fellows, and medical students with basic information on water retention, air collection, and lung-related problems. It also focuses on the monitoring of line and device placements (e.g. central venous catheters, tube malposition) and procedure-related abnormalities, which may be apparent on chest X-rays and are helpful for timely diagnoses.
27
Parkhomenko, Alexander, Olga S. Gurjeva, and Tetyana Yalynska. Clinical assessment and monitoring of chest radiographs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0019_update_002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter reviews the main problems in obtaining portable X-rays in intensive cardiac care unit patients and describes specific features of radiographs taken in the supine anteroposterior position. It also includes a brief review of a systematic, multistep approach of evaluating the quality of radiographic images and describing the chest wall, pulmonary vasculature, the heart and its chambers, the great vessels, and the position of tubes, lines, and devices. This chapter covers the most common conditions for which chest radiographs are useful and provides intensive cardiac care unit physicians, cardiologists, cardiology fellows, and medical students with basic information on water retention, air collection, and lung-related problems. It also focuses on the monitoring of line and device placements (e.g. central venous catheters, tube malposition) and procedure-related abnormalities, which may be apparent on chest X-rays and are helpful for timely diagnoses.
28
Parkhomenko, Alexander, Olga S. Gurjeva, and Tetyana Yalynska. Clinical assessment and monitoring of chest radiographs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0019_update_003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter reviews the main problems in obtaining portable X-rays in intensive cardiac care unit patients and describes specific features of radiographs taken in the supine anteroposterior position. It also includes a brief review of a systematic, multistep approach of evaluating the quality of radiographic images and describing the chest wall, pulmonary vasculature, the heart and its chambers, the great vessels, and the position of tubes, lines, and devices. This chapter covers the most common conditions for which chest radiographs are useful and provides intensive cardiac care unit physicians, cardiologists, cardiology fellows, and medical students with basic information on water retention, air collection, and lung-related problems. It also focuses on the monitoring of line and device placements (e.g. central venous catheters, tube malposition) and procedure-related abnormalities, which may be apparent on chest X-rays and are helpful for timely diagnoses.
29
Badino, Massimiliano, and Jaume Navarro. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797258.003.0001.
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This chapter addresses the historiography that justifies the contents of this book along the three major lines: (i) the usual divide between classical physics and modern physics is misleading when trying to explain the status quo of the ether in the early twentieth century; (ii) the ether remains alive in many quarters, thanks to a complex entanglement of authority, knowledge and ethos of some of the main actors involved in this story; (iii) the ether played a relevant role in the quest for unity in knowledge of nature in an attempt to transcend the divide between the material and the spiritual. Finally, this chapter makes a plea for pluralism in the history of science, escaping from linear and progressive accounts in the history of the demise of the ether.
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Willumsen, David M. Attitudes to Party Unity in the Nordic Countries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805434.003.0003.
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The book starts its empirical section in the most-likely case of party influence: Four Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden). Analysing parliamentary survey data, it is argued that a very large proportion of voting unity can be explained by there simply being a lack of policy incentives to defect from the party line for a very large proportion of the members of the Nordic parliaments. However, it is also shown that preferences alone cannot explain the near-perfect voting unity found in these countries. Modelling legislators’ attitudes to party unity, the chapter shows that the most credible explanation of their decision to vote the party line against their preferred policy position is that MPs are aware of the long-term benefits of belonging to a united political party, and are willing to incur the short-term cost of voting against their preferred policy in order to obtain these benefits.
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Peet, Deborah J., Patrick Horton, Colin J. Martin, and David G. Sutton. Radiotherapy: external beam radiotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0019.
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Design principles for radiotherapy facilities using X-ray, γ-ray, and electron beams are described, especially the requirements for primary and secondary shielding and maze and door entrances. These features are illustrated with reference to the shielded rooms (bunkers) required for linear accelerators, and example calculations are included for shielding and maze design to achieve required dose constraints. The impact of new clinical practices with intensity modulated radiation fields and flattening filter-free operation is also considered. Engineering controls and features for safe operation are described, and good practice in bunker construction and the provision of services to avoid weaknesses in the shielding is outlined. The principle shielding requirements for TomoTherapyTM, CyberKnifeTM, Gamma KnifeTM units, and kilovoltage X-ray units are also described. Finally, personnel monitoring, commissioning surveys, and environmental monitoring in radiation protection management in radiotherapy are discussed. Data for calculating shielding thickness and X-ray scatter for maze design are provided.
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Van Leuven, Holly. Ray Bolger. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190639044.001.0001.
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Ray Bolger: More Than a Scarecrow is the first book-length biography of the American eccentric dancer and popular culture figure, best known for his role in the 1939 film musical The Wizard of Oz. The book traces Bolger’s career from repertory and vaudeville into New York movie houses, Broadway, nightclubs, the major film studios, Las Vegas resorts, and television programs. Bolger’s dance lineage is also traced through eccentric dancers like Fred Stone and “Irish prince” soft-shoe dancers like George Primrose and Jack Donahue. Special attention is given to Bolger’s involvement in the nascent United Service Organizations (USO) Camp Shows, including his participation in the first ever camp show unit, which went to the Caribbean in November 1941, and later the first unit to entertain in the South Pacific. An entire chapter is dedicated to the creation and performance of Where’s Charley?, Bolger’s most important show and the one for which he earned a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. The Where’s Charley? material explores Bolger’s collaboration with his wife, Gwendolyn Rickard Bolger, who became the first female producer of a musical comedy on Broadway with her contributions to the production. Bolger’s later life as a political spokesperson, a television guest star, and a pop culture personality are also explored.
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Gori, Simone. The Rotating Tilted Lines Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0066.
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This chapter describes the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion , which is a new motion illusion that arises in a circular pattern composed by black, radial lines tilted to the right and presented on a white background. When one approaches the stimulus pattern, the radial lines appear to rotate in the counterclockwise direction, whereas when one recedes from it, they appear to rotate clockwise. It is the simplest pattern able to elicit illusory rotatory motion in presence of physical radial expansion. This surprising misperception of motion seems to be a result of the competition between two motion processing units in the primary visual cortex (V1, V5)
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Suri, Ajay, and Jean R. McEwan. Anti-anginal agents in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0037.
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Angina is chest pain resulting from the lack of blood supply to heart muscle most commonly due to obstructive atherosclerotic. Intensive care unit patients are subject to various stresses that will increase the demand on the heart and are in a pro-thrombotic state. Patients in an intensive treatment unit may be sedated and so cardiac ischaemia may be detected by electrocardiogram, haemodynamic monitoring, and echocardiographic imaging of function. These signs may indicate critical coronary perfusion heralding a myocardial infarction and are alleviated by anti-anginal drugs. Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers are the usual first-line treatments for angina, but may not be ideal in the critically-ill patient. Nitrates reduce blood pressure without typically affecting heart rate. Nicorandil is a similar mechanism of action and tends to be given orally, while ivabridine, an If channel blocker, is a newer anti-anginal, which acts by reducing heart rate, while not affecting blood pressure. Ranolazine is the one of the newest anti-anginal agents and is believed to alter the transcellular late sodium current thereby decreasing sodium entry into ischaemic myocardial cells.
35
Willumsen, David M. The Acceptance of Party Unity in Sweden, 1985 to 2010. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805434.003.0004.
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Analysing six waves of parliamentary surveys in Sweden, this chapter discusses the variation in the extent to which MPs have a reason to vote against their party based on policy preferences alone, and how this varies over time. The chapter argues that while preference homogeneity within parties consistently across time explains a substantial share of unity in Sweden, the parliamentary parties are not ideologically homogeneous enough to explain the voting unity observed, confirming the findings of the previous chapter. Analysing the drivers of attitudes to party unity, and confirming the findings of the previous chapter, the chapter finds that the most credible explanation of the very high levels of unity in the Riksdag is that MPs voluntarily choose to vote the party line due to the long-term benefits of doing so. The chapter then analyses around 200 answers to an open-ended survey question, confirming the findings from the quantitative analysis.
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Florida, Richard, and Charlotta Mellander. Talent, Skills, and Urban Economies. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.23.
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From industrial location theory and Alfred Marshall’s concern for agglomeration to more recent research on industrial clusters and districts, firms and industries have been the dominant unit of analysis in urban economics and economic geography. But the last decade or two have seen a shift in urban and regional research toward talent, human capital, and skills. This includes studies of human capital, occupations, the creative class and specific types of skills, and also on the characteristics of cities and regions that enable them to attract talent, and the role of talent and human capital and skills in urban and regional development. This chapter summarizes the key lines of research on talent, skills, and urban economies.
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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. The skeleton, support and movement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0003.
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Buoyancy largely supports fish, reducing the role of the skeleton, which functions as an attachment for muscle involved in movement and in protection, as exoskeleton (scales, scutes, bony plates) and as endoskeleton (vertebral column, skull). The general organization of fish skeletons and their component parts are described, as well as bone and cartilage. The interesting occurrence of acellular bone, additional to cellular bone, in teleosts is considered. Fish show metameric segmentation with myotomes on either side of the vertebral column, the latter acting as a compression strut, preventing shortening. Myotome muscle is organized into linear units named sarcomeres which contract by means of protein fibres, myosin and actin, sliding past each other. Usually fish body wall muscles occur as a thin outer layer of aerobic red muscle, with an inner thick region of anaerobic white muscle. Interspecific variability in the relative roles of myotomes and fin musculature in swimming is discussed.
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Hylton, Jared, and Sarah Deverman. Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0001.
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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially life-threatening condition that affects mainly preterm infants. It is one of the most common surgical emergencies in the neonatal intensive care unit. While medical management is the first line of treatment, if that fails, NEC becomes a surgical emergency, and the pediatric anesthesiologist must be prepared. This chapter covers the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation and diagnosis, prevention, medical and surgical management, pre- and intraoperative anesthetic assessment, and postoperative management of NEC. Topics covered include intestinal perforation, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal anesthesia, pneumatosis intestinalis, prematurity, and ventilatory management. The chapter ends with review questions on the chapter’s content.
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Zolotarev, V. A. Analytic Methods of Spectral Representations of Non- Selfadjoint (Non-Unitary) Operators. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodika.421.433.
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This book is concerned with model representations theory of linear non- selfadjoint and non-unitary operators, one of booming areas of functional analysis. This area owes its origin to fundamental works by M.S. Livˇsic on the theory of characteristic functions, deep studies of B.S.-Nagy and C. Foias on the dilation theory, and also to the Lax—Phillips scattering theory. A uni- form conceptual approach organically uniting all these research areas in the theory of non-selfadjoint and non-unitary operators is developed in this book. New analytic methods that allow solving some important problems from the theory of spectral representations in this area of analysis are also presented in this book. The book is aimed at the specialists working in this area of analysis and is accessible to senior math students of universities.
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Kirwan, Jon. 1930s. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819226.003.0006.
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This chapter provides a generational account of the wider intellectual and political French climate of the 1930s and the Great Depression, led by the non-conformistes and such figures as Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, by drawing on significant studies of the 1930s by Jean-Louis Loubet del Bayle and others, to enable us to appreciate the nouvelle théologie as a particular unit of this generation. Â First, the sense of absolute crisis, revolution, and mission of the wider generation is examined, along with its articulation by young intellectuals. The chapter also highlights three aspects of their generational programmes, namely, deeper historical thinking, concrete philosophical construction, and active engagement with the world, showing how Left Catholic thought, political initiatives, and projects of ecclesial renewal followed along comparable lines and drew inspiration from their secular peers.
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Eastwood, Charles B., and Paul J. Samuels. Emergence Agitation. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0068.
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Emergence delirium is a common and challenging post-anesthetic complication in children characterized by a brief period of inconsolability, disorientation, and combativeness. Emergence delirium threatens patient safety due to potential self-injurious behavior or by untimely removal of intravenous lines, urinary catheters, and surgical drains. The economic impact of emergence delirium is a consequence of delayed post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge and the need for additional medication administration and increased PACU staffing. In addition, despite the short duration of emergence delirium, its dramatic and frightening presentation can diminish parental satisfaction. Although no consistently effective treatment for emergence delirium has been described, familiarity with this clinical entity and approaches to its management and prevention are important to those who provide pediatric anesthesia care. This chapter will focus on our present understanding of emergence delirium in children.
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Churchill, Robert Paul. The Cultural Evolution of Honor Killing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190468569.003.0006.
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The focus in this chapter is on why honor killing ever came into existence as a social practice. The units for analysis are sociocultural systems and ecological pressures on the demographic groups among whom honor killing evolved. Here a population-level model of cultural evolution is employed to advance an argument for the best explanation for the development of honor killing. Only cultural systems performing adaptive functions continued among early desert nomads and pastoralist of the arid mountain uplands. Historical and anthropological research supports claims that severe ecological challenges led to two major functional systems: consanguine hierarchical patriarchy and the segmentary lineage system. Honor killing likewise evolved, first as a costly signaling system to avert loss of female reproductive assets and to avoid group splintering. It later evolved further as an exaptation and as a means of avoiding blood-related conflicts within segmentary lineage systems.
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Dixon, Suzanne. Family. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.35.
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The Roman family was defined at law as a unit controlled by the all-powerful pater familias, its membership determined by relationship through the male line (agnatio). Both formal law and family relations altered between the fifth-century-BC XII Tables and the sixth-century-AD legal compilations ordered by the Eastern Emperor Justinian. In particular, Christianity and married women’s developing capacity to acquire and transmit property drove significant changes in power relations within the family. Scholarly perspectives on Roman law and the Roman family have also changed to take into account the religious and ethnic diversity of the Roman Empire and the social realities behind the rigid legal categories of the law. This chapter surveys these strands of scholarship.
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Koch, Christof. Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.001.0001.
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Neural network research often builds on the fiction that neurons are simple linear threshold units, completely neglecting the highly dynamic and complex nature of synapses, dendrites, and voltage-dependent ionic currents. Biophysics of Computation: Information Processing in Single Neurons challenges this notion, using richly detailed experimental and theoretical findings from cellular biophysics to explain the repertoire of computational functions available to single neurons. The author shows how individual nerve cells can multiply, integrate, or delay synaptic inputs and how information can be encoded in the voltage across the membrane, in the intracellular calcium concentration, or in the timing of individual spikes. Key topics covered include the linear cable equation; cable theory as applied to passive dendritic trees and dendritic spines; chemical and electrical synapses and how to treat them from a computational point of view; nonlinear interactions of synaptic input in passive and active dendritic trees; the Hodgkin-Huxley model of action potential generation and propagation; phase space analysis; linking stochastic ionic channels to membrane-dependent currents; calcium and potassium currents and their role in information processing; the role of diffusion, buffering and binding of calcium, and other messenger systems in information processing and storage; short- and long-term models of synaptic plasticity; simplified models of single cells; stochastic aspects of neuronal firing; the nature of the neuronal code; and unconventional models of sub-cellular computation. Biophysics of Computation: Information Processing in Single Neurons serves as an ideal text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in cellular biophysics, computational neuroscience, and neural networks, and will appeal to students and professionals in neuroscience, electrical and computer engineering, and physics.
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Newton, Daniel W., and Jeffery A. LePine. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Engagement: “You Gotta Keep ’em Separated!”. Edited by Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. Mackenzie, and Nathan P. Podsakoff. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.18.
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Scholars largely agree that organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a behavioral construct that promotes individual performance and, in the aggregate, unit and organizational functioning and effectiveness. However, there are some views of the OCB construct that blur its conceptual lines with other constructs, thus limiting the theoretical, empirical, and practical insights we can draw from our research. In this chapter, we offer a counterpoint to the idea that the OCB and engagement constructs are largely redundant and that they should be combined. We first describe the nature of the two concepts and identify similarities and core distinctions. We then position OCB and engagement in a general framework that clarifies how and under what conditions they are related more or less strongly. Finally, we offer a road map for future research based on insights gleaned from considering associations and theoretical gaps among the two constructs’ dimensions.
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Allsen, Thomas T. Pre-modern Empires. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0021.
Full textAbstract:
Empire is regularly defined as a political unit of large extent controlling a number of territories and peoples under a single sovereign authority. Of the three criteria, only one, sovereign authority, is quantified. In the early sixteenth century, maritime Europe, starting on its own path to empire, encountered large imperial regimes across the globe — the Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Ming, Aztec, and Inca — each of which had an identifiable genealogy and model. To a meaningful degree, global political history is simply the oscillation between universal empires and multi-state systems. In their expansive modes, empires destroyed and created states and were similarly productive in decline, devolving back into smaller polities, some entirely new and others merely refashioned. Standard imperial policies had profound cultural consequences. Population transfers, garrisons, and colonies produced close encounters, while secure lines of communications and interest in things foreign produced long-distance exchange.
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Shrock, Dennis. Johann Sebastian Bach – B Minor Mass. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469023.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Historical discussion focuses on the lineage of the Bach family, compositions determined by circumstances of employment, the composition of Lutheran Masses, the possible rationale for composing a Catholic Mass, and the history of the B Minor Mass in terms of manuscripts, performances, and editions. Musical discussion focuses on parody technique, the assemblage of four disparate units of composition into the B Minor Mass, comparisons of stile antico and stile moderno characteristics of the Mass, and formal and musical structures of the Mass, with special attention to structural balance and mirror dispositions. Performance practices include singers and instrumentalists and their arrangements in performance, meter as it affects tempo, rhythmic alteration, and ornamentation.
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Lawrie, Paul. Race, Work, and Disability in Progressive Era United States. Edited by Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick, and Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.14.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout U.S. history, the production of difference, whether along racial or disability lines, has been inextricably tied to the imperatives of labor economy. From the plantations of the antebellum era through the assembly lines and trenches of early-twentieth-century America, ideologies of race and disability have delineated which peoples could do which kinds of work. The ideologies and identities of race, work, and the “fit” ’ or “unfit” body informed Progressive Era labor economies. Here the processes of racializing or disabling certain bodies are charted from turn-of-the-century actuarial science, which monetized blacks as a degenerate, dying race, through the standardized physical and mental testing and rehabilitation methods developed by the U.S. army during World War I. Efforts to quantify, poke, prod, or mend black bodies reshaped contemporary understandings of labor, race, the state, and the working body.
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Edele, Mark. Scenarios. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798156.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses the various ways in which defectors came across the front line. Scenarios varied. Some defectors came as part of organized desertions of entire units; more came in small groups; and about just as many came alone. The front line could be overcome simply by letting it pass, a particularly viable option in 1941, but also possible later in the war; others exploited holes in the front, used planes or tanks to get across, or absconded after having been sent across the line in an attack or a commando operation. Often, defection was a violent process, which required sometimes deadly force against superiors or compadres. The chapter describes these scenarios and puts the moment of defection into a larger framework of the wartime trajectories of men who ended up surrendering.
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Tzelgov, Joseph, Dana Ganor-Stern, Arava Kallai, and Michal Pinhas. Primitives and Non-primitives of Numerical Representations. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.019.
Full textAbstract:
Primitives of numerical representation are numbers holistically represented on the mental number line (MNL). Non-primitives are numbers generated from primitives in order to perform specific tasks. Primitives can be automatically retrieved from long-term memory (LTM). Using the size congruency effect in physical comparisons as a marker of automatic retrieval, and its modulation by intrapair numerical distance as an indication of alignment along the MNL, we identify single-digits, but not two-digit numbers, as primitives. By the same criteria, zero is a primitive, but negative numbers are not primitives, which makes zero the smallest numerical primitive. Due to their unique notational structure, fractions are automatically perceived as smaller than 1. While some specific, familiar unit fractions may be primitives, this can be shown only when component bias is eliminated by training participants to denote fractions by unfamiliar figures.