Academic literature on the topic 'Linear voltage regulator'

This thesis presents the design, simulation, and hardware implementation of a proposed method for improving efficiency of voltage regulator. Typically, voltage regulator used for noise-sensitive and low-power applications involves the use of a linear regulator due to its high power-supply rejection ratio properties. However, the efficiency of a linear regulator depends heavily on the difference between its input voltage and output voltage. A larger voltage difference across the linear regulator results in higher losses. Therefore, reducing the voltage difference is the key in increasing regulator’s efficiency. In this thesis, a pre switching regulator stage with positive voltage tracking cascaded to a linear regulator is proposed to provide an input voltage to a linear regulator that is slightly above the output of the linear regulator. The tracking capability is needed to provide the flexibility in having different positive output voltage levels while maintaining high overall regulator’s efficiency. Results from simulation and hardware implementation of the proposed system showed efficiency improvement of up to 23% in cases where an adjustable output voltage is necessary. Load regulation performance of the proposed method was also overall better compared to the case without the output voltage tracking method.

DC-DC converters can be separated into two main groups: switching converters and linear regulators. Linear regulators such as Low Dropout Regulators (LDOs) are straightforward to implement and have a very stable output with low voltage ripple. However, the efficiency of an LDO can fluctuate greatly, as the power dissipation is a function of the device’s input and output. On the other hand, a switching regulator uses a switch to regulate energy levels. These types of regulators are more versatile when a larger change of voltage is needed, as efficiency is relatively stable across larger steps of voltages. However, switching regulators tend to have a larger output voltage ripple, which can be an issue for sensitive systems. An approach to utilize both in cascaded configuration while providing a negative output voltage will be presented in this paper. The proposed two-stage conversion system consists of a switching pre-regulator that can track the negative output voltage of the second stage (LDO) such that the difference between input and output voltages is always kept small under varying output voltage while maintaining the high overall conversion efficiency. Computer simulation and hardware results demonstrate that the proposed system can track the negative output voltage well. Additionally, the results show that the proposed system can provide and maintain good overall efficiency, load regulation, and output voltage ripple across a wide range of outputs.

This work contains topology and circuit design of a linear voltage regulator with respect to suppression of disturbances coming from supplied circuit into the input of the regulator. The converter is designed for integration in automotive sensor applications.

This master’s thesis deals with the design of integrated voltage regulator. Topologies of linear voltage regulators and their stability are discussed. Part of the thesis deals with description and simulation of blocks of selected regulator topology. The thesis describes the difficulties of integrated circuit design in the automotive industry. The electrical scheme of the designed regulator is explained. The work also focuses on the stability of designed regulator. Then presents simulations. It discusses the layout of integrated circuits and the designed voltage regulator.

Master’s thesis deals with design of laboratory supply with precise voltage and current measuring. At the beginning it presents properties, advantages and disadvantages of linear and switching supplies, based on these facts it chooses a linear type of regulator. The design continues with detailed description of power and control analog and digital circuits. The thesis includes description of taking control over the supply from the front panel or through computer. The last part is devoted to measurement results and to presentation of some static and dynamic parameters of the designed supply.

CAPES<br>Este trabalho apresenta um sistema eletrônico com entrada universal utilizando um retificador SEPIC não isolado para fornecer e controlar a corrente de LEDs de potência. Um Snubber regenerativo que reduz as perdas de comutação e melhora a eficiência do sistema é proposto. Para realizar a dimerização, bem como reduzir a ondulação da corrente nos LEDs, um regulador linear de corrente é conectado na saída do conversor SEPIC. A utilização do regulador linear também permite que o conversor opere com entrada universal sem a utilização de circuitos adicionais. Para evitar perdas excessivas, o regulador é configurado para operar na região limiar da regulação. O ponto de perda mínimo do regulador é ajustado através de um circuito detector de mínimo com o sistema operando em malha fechada. As etapas de operação, as formas de onda e as principais equações do snubber regenerativo aplicado ao SEPIC são descritas no trabalho. Para verificar e validar a análise teórica são apresentados dois protótipos com potências de saída de 42 W e 145 W, variando de 15% a 100%, para o conversor operando com tensão de entrada de 90 a 240 V e alimentado 35 LEDs conectados em série.<br>This paper presents a universal-input AC electronic lighting system using a non-isolated SEPIC PFC rectifier to drive and control power LEDs currents. One energy regenerative snubber for reducing the converter switching losses and improve the system efficiency is proposed. The dimmable flicker-free current in the LEDs array is obtained through a linear current regulator placed in the SEPIC’s output terminals. In order to reduce the efficiency impairment, the conditions for achieving minimum energy loss in the current regulator are also detailed. Point of minimum energy loss in the linear regulator is adjusted through valley detector circuit in closed loop system operation. The operation stages as well as the theoretical waveforms and main equations at steady state of the proposed SEPIC rectifier using the regenerative snubber are described. To verify the theoretical analysis carried out, experimental results of two prototypes (42 W and 145 W) operating from 90 to 240 V and output power from 15 to 100% for 35 LEDs are also presented.

The project shows the problems of power supply in electrical engineering. It describes the general parameters of these types of supplies and presents their characteristics. Based on these findings, it is also focused on the selection of specific elements of the laboratory supply, to reach the given parameters. It contains the recalculations of the parameters of other additional components. The overall scheme of the supply is divided into several blocks, thematically corresponded to subchapters. According to the accomplished concept the laboratory supply is realized and its parameters had been tested. Projects results are assessed at the end.

Este trabalho apresenta um modelo linearizado para ser utilizado em problemas de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica (SDEE) com geração distribuída (GD), em um horizonte de curto prazo. O ponto de operação em regime permanente é calculado através de um modelo linearizado da rede, sendo as cargas e geradores representados por injeções constantes de corrente, o que torna possível calcular as correntes nos ramos e as tensões nas barras através de expressões lineares. As alternativas de expansão consideradas são: (i) alocação de bancos de capacitores; (ii) alocação de reguladores de tensão; e (iii) recondutoramento. Ainda, o modelo considera a possibilidade de seleção do tap dos transformadores de distribuição como alternativa para a redução das violações de tensão. A flexibilidade do modelo permite obter soluções considerando a contribuição das GDs no controle de tensão e potência reativa sem a necessidade de especificar uma tensão para a barra da subestação. O modelo de otimização proposto para a solução destes problemas utiliza uma função objetivo linear, além de restrições lineares e variáveis contínuas e binárias. Dessa forma, o modelo de otimização pode ser representado como um problema de programação linear inteira mista (PLIM) A função objetivo considera a minimização dos custos de investimento (aquisição, instalação e remoção de equipamentos e aquisição de condutores) e dos custos de operação, que correspondem aos custos anuais de manutenção somados aos custos das perdas de energia e das violações dos limites de tensão. A variação da carga é representada através de curvas de duração, sendo que os custos das perdas e das violações são ponderados pela duração de cada nível de carregamento. Utilizando uma abordagem de PLIM, sabe-se que existem condições suficientes que garantem a otimalidade de uma dada solução factível, além de permitir que a solução seja obtida através de métodos de otimização clássica. O modelo proposto foi implementado na linguagem de programação OPL e resolvido utilizando o solver comercial CPLEX. O modelo foi validado através da comparação dos resultados obtidos para cinco sistemas de distribuição com os resultados obtidos utilizando um fluxo de carga convencional. Os casos analisados e os resultados obtidos demonstram a precisão do modelo proposto e seu potencial de aplicação.<br>This work presents a linearized model to be used in short-term expansion planning problems of power distribution systems (PDS) with distributed generation (DG). The steady state operation point is calculated through a linearized model of the network, being the loads and generators modeled as constant current injections, which makes it possible to calculate the branch currents and bus voltages through linear expressions. The alternatives considered for expansion are: (i) capacitor banks placement; (ii) voltage regulators placement; and (iii) reconductoring. Furthermore, the model considers the possibility of adjusting the taps of the distribution transformers as an alternative to reduce voltage violations. The flexibility of the model enables solutions that includes the contribution of DGs in the control of voltage and reactive power without the need to specify the substation voltage. The optimization model proposed to solve these problems uses a linear objective function, along with linear constraints, binary and continuous variables. Thus, the optimization model can be represented as a mixed integer linear programming problem (MILP) The objective function considers the minimization of the investment costs (acquisition, installation and removal of equipment and acquisition of conductors) and the operation costs, which corresponds to the annual maintenance cost plus the costs related to energy losses and violation of voltage limits. The load variation is represented by discrete load duration curves and the costs of losses and voltage violations are weighted by the duration of each load level. Using a MILP approach, it is known that there are sufficient conditions that guarantee the optimality of a given feasible solution, besides allowing the solution to be obtained by classical optimization methods. The proposed model was written in the programming language OPL and solved by the commercial solver CPLEX. The model was validated through the comparison of the results obtained for five distribution systems with the results obtained through conventional load flow. The analyzed cases and the obtained results show the accuracy of the proposed model and its potential for application.