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Journal articles on the topic 'Liner building'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Georgescu, Mircea, Viorel Ungureanu, Aurelian Gruin, and Andra Floricel. "Building Cladding using Liner Trays: Experimental and Numerical Approach." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 603 (September 18, 2019): 022051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/603/2/022051.

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2

Gavriilidis, Ilias, and Spyros A. Karamanos. "Liner wrinkling in offshore steel lined pipes during reeling installation." Thin-Walled Structures 166 (September 2021): 108114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108114.

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3

Reinbold, Vincent, Van-Binh Dinh, Daniel Tenfen, Benoit Delinchant, and Dirk Saelens. "Optimal operation of building microgrids – comparison with mixed-integer linear and continuous non-linear programming approaches." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2016-0489.

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PurposeThis paper aims to present two mathematical models to solve the Energy Management problem of a building microgrid (MG). In particular, it proposes a deterministic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and non-linear programming (NLP) formulations. This paper focuses on the modelling process and the optimization performances for both approaches regarding optimal operation of near-zero energy buildings connected to an electric MG with a 24-h time horizon. Design/methodology/approachA general architecture of a MG is detailed, involving energy storage systems, distributed generation and a thermal reduced model of the grid-connected building. A continuous non-linear model is detailed along with linearizations for the mixed-integer liner formulation. Multi-physic, non-linear and non-convex phenomena are detailed, such as ventilation and air quality models. FindingsResults show that both approaches are relevant for solving the energy management problem of the building MG. Originality/valueIntroduction and modelling of the thermal loads within the MG. The resulting linear program handles the mutli-objective trade-off between discomfort and the cost of use taking into account air quality criterion. Linearization and modelling of the ventilation system behaviour, which is generally non-linear and non-convex equality constraints, involving air quality model, heat transfer and ventilation power. Comparison of both MILP and NLP methods on a general use case provides a solution that can be interpreted for implementation.

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4

Son, Moorak, and Edward J. Cording. "Ground–liner interaction in rock tunneling." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 22, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2006.03.002.

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5

Spletzer, B. L., L. D. Lambert, V. L. Bergmann, and J. R. Weatherby. "Testing and analyses to investigate liner tearing of the reinforced concrete containment building." Nuclear Engineering and Design 145, no. 3 (December 1993): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(93)90248-8.

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6

Yang, Yue, and Xiao Guo Chen. "Study on Harbin Metro Shield Tunnel Segment and the Deformation of Tunnel Rock." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1297.

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Deformation of segment and rock is one difficult question of the subway design. When building the calculation model of the liner we mainly think about the effect on the liner of the joint and the resistance force of the earth. In this paper the joint of the model of the used model is improved and the inner force formulas for the new model are derived. At last, the derived formulas and the existing formulas are validated by Harbin Metro Line 1. According to the research result, we can know the formulas derived in the paper are credible and they have academic practical meaning for design and construction of the subway liner.

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7

Wang, Jifei, Hongwei Huang, Xiongyao Xie, and Antonio Bobet. "Void-induced liner deformation and stress redistribution." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 40 (February 2014): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.10.008.

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8

Vogel, Danny, Matthias Klimek, Michael Saemann, and Rainer Bader. "Influence of the Acetabular Cup Material on the Shell Deformation and Strain Distribution in the Adjacent Bone—A Finite Element Analysis." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061372.

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In total hip arthroplasty, excessive acetabular cup deformations and altered strain distribution in the adjacent bone are potential risk factors for implant loosening. Materials with reduced stiffness might alter the strain distribution less, whereas shell and liner deformations might increase. The purpose of our current computational study was to evaluate whether carbon fiber-reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketones with a Young´s modulus of 15 GPa (CFR-PEEK-15) and 23 GPa (CFR-PEEK-23) might be an alternative shell material compared to titanium in terms of shell and liner deformation, as well as strain distribution in the adjacent bone. Using a finite element analysis, the press-fit implantation of modular acetabular cups with shells made of titanium, CFR-PEEK-15 and CFR-PEEK-23 in a human hemi-pelvis model was simulated. Liners made of ceramic and polyethylene were simulated. Radial shell and liner deformations as well as strain distributions were analyzed. The shells made of CFR-PEEK-15 were deformed most (266.7 µm), followed by CFR-PEEK-23 (136.5 µm) and titanium (54.0 µm). Subsequently, the ceramic liners were radially deformed by up to 4.4 µm and the polyethylene liners up to 184.7 µm. The shell materials slightly influenced the strain distribution in the adjacent bone with CFR-PEEK, resulting in less strain in critical regions (<400 µm/m or >3000 µm/m) and more strain in bone building or sustaining regions (400 to 3000 µm/m), while the liner material only had a minor impact. The superior biomechanical properties of the acetabular shells made of CFR-PEEK could not be determined in our present study.

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9

Lugovyy, P., V. Kryts’kyi, and N. Kryts’ka. "Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior and Stress-Strain State of NPP Containment under Nonstationary Impacts." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 3(71) (August 15, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2016.3(71).08.

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The paper presents the analysis of dynamic behavior of the reinforced concrete containment of NPP unit under the combined effect of internal pressure shock caused by the accident in the reactor hall and seismic impact of design-basis earthquake using the finite element method (FEM) and DIPROS software. Using the modal analysis and numerical solution of the FEM equations of containment concrete, the stress-strain state of the building structure in the post-accident period was defined. It is shown that the maximum intensity of the stresses in the steel liner of the containment does not exceed the yield strength of the steel liner material. Accordingly, the liner integrity is preserved, the containment remains operable and ensures compliance of radiation safety requirements.

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10

Yu, Si Qin, Bin Ji, and Jin Hai Chen. "Container Ship Investment Based on Real Option." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 4557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.4557.

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This study investigates liner companies' timing of investment and sealing up container ships based on real option theory. The Dixit model is adopted to find out a pair of trigger prices for entry and exit with the assumption freight rate obey Geometric Brownian Motion. More new ship-building orders and entrants lead to lower future freight rate in the oligopoly liner shipping market. This model is tested empirically basic on the data of a 9000 TEU container ship on Far East-Europe route and the result is positive comparing to the number of ship orders. Liner companies' should make decision base on the freight of the ship in operation. Therefore, ship investment should be made at the new ship order trough and freight trough.

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11

Sivapullaiah, P. V., and H. Lakshmikanthay. "Lime-stabilised illite as a liner." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 9, no. 1 (January 2005): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.2005.9.1.39.

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12

Kobayashi, Hiroshi, Schunichi Ozaki, and Makoto Yokochi. "Development of Adaptive Acoustic Impedance Control Technologies of Acoustic Duct Liner." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2011 (September 20, 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/473282.

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This paper describes the development of adaptive acoustic impedance control (AAC) technologies to achieve a larger fan noise reduction, by adaptively adjusting reactance and resistance of the acoustic liner impedance. For the actual proof of the AAC technology III performance, the advanced fan noise absorption control duct liner II was made on trial basis, with the simple control system and the plain device. And, then, the duct liner II was examined for the AAC technology I, II, and III models, using the high speed fan test facility. The test results made clear that the duct liner II of the AAC technology III model could achieve the fan noise reduction higher than O.A. SPL 10 dB (A) at the maximum fan speed 6000 rpm, containing the reduction of fundamental BPF tone of 18 dB and 2nd BPF tone of 10 dB in response to the fan peed change from 3000 to 6000 rpm.

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13

Nam, Seok-Woo, and Antonio Bobet. "Liner stresses in deep tunnels below the water table." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 21, no. 6 (November 2006): 626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.11.004.

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14

Lee, Sang Soon. "Analysis of Interface Crack in Polymer Liner Subjected to Hygrothermal Stress." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 1249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.1249.

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Polymeric materials such as epoxy are widely used as coating layers for the containment building of the nuclear power plant. These layers may be damaged through a hygrothermal process and residual stresses can reach significant levels near the free edges, possibly leading to interface debonding or delamination. Interfacial stress singularities induced in a laminate model consisting of the epoxy coating layer and the concrete substrate is investigated using the time-domain boundary element method. The epoxy layer is assumed to be a linear viscoelastic material and moisture effects are assumed to be analogous to thermal effects. The overall stress intensity factor for the case of a small interfacial edge crack of length a has been computed.

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15

Hoch, A., Y. Hu, and Th Wolf. "Experimentelle und rechnerische Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten von Kunststoff-Liner-Rohren." Bautechnik 79, no. 10 (October 2002): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bate.200204640.

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16

Koś, Karolina, and Eugeniusz Zawisza. "Landfill liners from dam reservoir sediments." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2016-0004.

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Abstract Landfill liners from dam reservoir sediments. Every municipal solid waste landfill has to be properly secured to protect the natural environment from possible leachate. Most often an artificial sealing is used, which is based on a soil liner from cohesive soils (clays, silts). Usability evaluation of bottom sediments from Rzeszowski Reservoir for building these liners was presented in the paper. Sediments from dam reservoirs, gathered as a result of the siltation process, can be a valuable material for earthworks purposes. Determination of their possible ways of usage is important, especially before the planned dredging, because thanks to that this material will not be put on a heap. Based on the analysis of the geotechnical parameters of these sediments it was stated that this material can be preliminary allowed for using in liners.

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17

Agricola, K. R., J. M. Krause‐Singh, and R. L. Hauser. "Chemical Effects on Flexible‐Membrane Liner Seams." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2, no. 2 (May 1990): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(1990)2:2(53).

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18

Kang, Jingfu, and Yuming Hu. "Techniques and Performance of Post-Prestressed Tunnel Liner." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 10, no. 2 (May 2005): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2005)10:2(102).

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19

Kim, Eunyoung, Boyoung Kim, Jun Won Kang, and Hongpyo Lee. "Elastic Wave Propagation in Nuclear Power Plant Containment Building Walls Considering Liner Plate and Concrete Cavity." Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea 34, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7734/coseik.2021.34.3.167.

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20

Hua, Nan, Anthony Tessari, and Negar Elhami Khorasani. "Characterizing damage to a concrete liner during a tunnel fire." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 109 (March 2021): 103761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103761.

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21

Refani, A. N., Yuyun Tajunnisa, K. Yudoprasetyo, F. Ghifari, and D. I. Wahyudi. "Evaluation of Structure Performance under Seismic Load with Non-Liner Time History on High-Rise Building Affected by Kendeng Fault Earthquake Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 879 (March 2021): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.879.232.

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Indonesia is a country located in the convergence of small plates and large plates. Furthermore, this causes Indonesia to be high potentially to earthquake hazards. The newest geological research published by Geophysical Research Letter (2016) shows the existence of Fault Kendeng, a fault stretches along 300 km from South Semarang, Central Java, to East Java with a movement of 0,05 millimeter per year [1]. As a result of its research, an evaluation using a non-linear time history analysis for structural buildings is necessary. The objective of this study is to evaluate structural buildings using a non-linear time history analysis. This study applies DSHA (Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis) method to obtain acceleration time history on bedrocks. Since the record of ground movement in Indonesia is limited, the attenuation function equation used to scale and match other country’s time acceleration history data. SSA (Site-Specific Analysis) is used to propagate earthquake acceleration from bedrocks to the surface. The earthquake acceleration on the surface generates as the earthquake load on the buildings. The results of Kendeng fault earthquake simulation using non-linear time history analysis shows that column members capacity is more robust than beam members capacity which the beam collapse mechanism occurs initially. From the maximum total drift ratio result, when the Kendeng fault earthquake occurs, the building structure performance level is at collapse prevention level Based on ATC-40 [2]. This research result shows that 96,7% of plastic hinge has not yielded. However, some elements are already damaged. Since most damage members are column, then it may require column strengthening to enhance maximum performance level at life safety condition category.

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22

Plachý, Jan, Jana Vysoká, and Radek Vejmelka. "Dimensional stability of reinforced bitumen sheets as a possible source of flat roof defects." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927902020.

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This paper follows up on the results of a research presented at the conference Building Defects 2017. The paper deals with the dimensional stability of bitumen sheets. The manifestation of insufficient dimensional stability is the shrinkage of bitumen sheets in the transverse joints. Shrinkage of bitumen sheets with reinforced polyester liner and a non-reinforced glass fiber is primarily due to insufficient technological discipline. The paper deals with the influence of melting of the sheet on its possible shrinkage during roof exposure. Previous research has shown that the shrinkage happening during melting accounts for more than 50 % of the total shrinkage. The aim of this paper is to show the size of the effect on the biasing of the load-bearing insert during the realization of the waterproofing layer in bitumen sheets with a glass-reinforced polyester carrier liner. The experiment, expressed by the dimensional stability test according to ČSN EN 1107, was performed in a laboratory on three samples of bitumen sheets. Bitumen sheets had different types of reinforcement and a different weight of the carrier liner.

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23

Pekhotikov, A. V., B. B. Kolchev, P. A. Visloguzov, and D. V. Belyaev. "Practice of Using Fire-safety Sleeve for Free Flow Conduits of the Engineering Systems Made of Polymer Materials." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 7 (July 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-7-66-72.

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To exclude the possibility of fire spreading through the utility lines of buildings and structures, various technical means are used that meet the normative established characteristics. As part of the intersection nodes of the enclosing building structures of sewage and water disposal systems, fire-safety sleeves are used, which ensure the limit of fire spreading to adjacent rooms through the node crossed by the pipeline. The use of fire-safety sleeves for these utility lines is only possible for free flow conduits of the systems made of polymer materials (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.). For different types of the pipelines, other technical solutions are used to limit the spread of fire. The principle of fire-safety sleeves operation is to completely cover the intersecting mounting opening of the building structure in the shortest possible time and prevent the transfer of flame and combustion products to adjacent rooms. The efficiency of the operation of fire-safety sleeve and the preservation of its fire-technical characteristics for a given time depends on the following factors: correct installation carried out in accordance with the established instructions; design of fire-safety sleeves; physical and chemical properties of the material used for thermally expanding sleeve liner; material of a polymer pipeline. Statistics of the conducted tests show that the maximum fire resistance limits are typical for intersection nodes with polymer pipelines having diameter from 32 to 110 mm. For the pipelines with a diameter of 160 mm and more, it is very difficult to achieve similar fire-technical characteristics due to the large area of the overlapping mounting openings and the increased inertia of a fire-safety sleeve actuation.

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24

Xu, Rongzheng, Li Chen, Jinhua Zhang, Hengbo Xiang, and Qin Fang. "Penetration of an optimal depleted uranium liner of a shaped charge: A numerical simulation method." International Journal of Protective Structures 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 396–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419620988552.

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Depleted uranium (DU) has surprising physical properties such as a high density, high hardness, and high toughness. A numerical method was developed in AUTODYN to study the penetration performance of a shaped charge with a liner made of DU with 0.75% titanium. By comparing different parameters and results from different models, the strength model suitable for DU was determined. According to available experimental data, the geometric strains in the strength models for DU and the steel target were calibrated. The characteristics of the DU liner, employed in a finished shaped charge instead of a copper liner, were optimized by tuning different parameters, and the performance of this optimal liner was verified through relevant tests. Moreover, in agreement with the optimized computational model and structural studies, a novel structure for the shaped charge was proposed that aimed to achieve a penetration depth of eight charge diameters. Different penetration depths were obtained by changing specific parameters, and the influence of standoff on the penetration depth was also studied. By evaluating the best penetration performance, the optimal structure for the shaped charge was finally determined. These results can have a great impact on future experimental tests and engineering applications of DU.

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25

Kim, Y. T., B. Haghpanah, R. Ghosh, H. Ali, A. M. S. Hamouda, and A. Vaziri. "Instability of a cracked cylindrical shell reinforced by an elastic liner." Thin-Walled Structures 70 (September 2013): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2013.04.008.

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26

Brown, Michael J. P., Ian D. Moore, and Amir Fam. "Analysis of a cured-in-place pressure pipe liner spanning circular voids." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 101 (July 2020): 103424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103424.

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27

Schnelle, Rebecca A., and James E. Barrett. "Paclobutrazol Concentration and Substrate Moisture Status Impact Efficacy of Liner Dips for Size Control of Three Bedding Plants." HortTechnology 20, no. 4 (August 2010): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.4.735.

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The influence of several environmental and cultural factors on the efficacy of paclobutrazol liner dips were evaluated for three species of bedding plants: ‘Fancy’ scaevola (Scaevola aemula), ‘Suncatcher Plum’ petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), and ‘Double Fiesta Rose’ impatiens (Impatiens walleriana). The impact of paclobutrazol concentration in the dip solution, location of treatment, root substrate moisture status, and time in the dip solution were investigated. Before the liner dip application, the rooting substrate was brought to a specific percentage of container water capacity (20%–100%). Liners were then dipped in a paclobutrazol solution of the prescribed concentration (1–16 mg·L−1) for a prescribed time interval (10–300 s) in a specific location (open-wall greenhouse, polyethylene-glazed greenhouse under 80% shade fabric, three-wall potting shed, or building interior). Plant size data were collected when the untreated control plants reached a marketable stage. Paclobutrazol concentration and root substrate moisture status had a significant effect on size control, but location and dip duration did not. Size suppression varied by species. Following a liner dip at 2 mg·L−1, scaevola, impatiens, and petunia plants were 44%, 26%, and 11% smaller than the untreated controls, respectively. Petunia plants dipped in a 8 mg·L−1 paclobutrazol solution with substrate moisture status of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 50%, or 20% of container capacity were 11%, 8%, 25%, 30%, 41%, or 42% smaller than the untreated control, respectively (30 s dip duration, open-wall greenhouse). Petunia plants dipped in a solution of 8 mg·L−1 paclobutrazol for 10, 30, 120, or 300 s were all between 18% and 23% smaller than the control (50% of container capacity, open-wall greenhouse). Petunia plants dipped in an 8 mg·L−1 paclobutrazol solution in all four locations were all 20% to 21% smaller than the untreated control.

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28

Cheng, Wen-Chieh, Ge Li, Dominic E. L. Ong, Shong-Loong Chen, and James C. Ni. "Modelling liner forces response to very close-proximity tunnelling in soft alluvial deposits." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 103 (September 2020): 103455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103455.

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29

Law, T. C. Michael, and Ian D. Moore. "Numerical modeling of tight fitting flexible liner in damaged sewer under earth loads." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 22, no. 5-6 (September 2007): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2006.11.006.

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30

Epel, Tamir, Michael A. Mooney, and Marte Gutierrez. "The influence of face and shield annulus pressure on tunnel liner load development." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 117 (November 2021): 104096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.104096.

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31

Zhao, Yahong, Baosong Ma, Samuel T. Ariaratnam, Cong Zeng, Xuefeng Yan, Fuzhi Wang, Tianyu Wang, et al. "Structural performance of damaged rigid pipe rehabilitated by centrifugal spray on mortar liner." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 116 (October 2021): 104117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.104117.

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32

Guner, D., and H. Ozturk. "Experimental and modelling study on nonlinear time-dependent behaviour of thin spray-on liner." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 84 (February 2019): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.11.037.

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33

Polyanchikova, M. Yu, D. V. Selivanova, A. V. Kachalova, and M. V. Nikitin. "HONING PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS WITH PART HEIGHT PEN SPEED AT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES REPAIR." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 3(250) (March 26, 2021): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-3-250-34-37.

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Both in the manufacture and repair of critical parts of mechanical engineering and engine building, great attention is paid to the formation of a trace on the surface, the surface layer quality and the geometric shape accuracy. However, methods of achieving high accuracy in the parts manufacture and their repair after operation differ significantly. The article assesses the possibility of implementing the honing method with a variable height speed of tool rotation (hon) patented by the author, and analyses the productivity of this method when repairing the internal combustion engines cylinder liner at a taper value of 0.20 mm.

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34

Mohsin, Ali Abdulwahid, and Hussam K. Risan. "Major Parameters Affect the Non-Liner Response of Structure Under Near-Fault Earthquakes." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 8 (August 21, 2019): 1714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091365.

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Near-fault ground motion can be identified by the presence of a predominant long duration pulse in the velocity traces mainly due to directivity effect. This pulse exposes the structure to high input energy at the beginning of the earthquake which leads to a higher response in comparison with the ordinary ground motions. This paper investigates 79 earthquake records with different properties to achieve three goals: the first aim is to compare between the linear and nonlinear response of SDOF systems under near-fault and far-fault earthquakes. While the second objective is to examine the parameters that control the characteristics of near-fault earthquakes. Two factors have been studied which is PGV/PGA ratio and pulse period. Finally, the seismic code provisions related to the near-fault earthquakes were evaluated in term of the elastic acceleration response spectrum, the evaluation is adopted for American Society of Civil Engineers code ASCE 7 and Uniform Building Code UBC. The results lead to the following conclusions: with respect to a specific PGA, the near-fault earthquake imposed higher response in comparison with far-field earthquakes. The near-fault earthquakes become severe as the PGV/PGA and pulse period increase. The interested seismic codes can cover the actual behavior based on the average response of a certain amount of data, while it may become non-conservative relative to an individual record.

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35

Kandasamy, S., and S. Kothandaraman. "Influence of controlled permeable formwork liner on surface quality of self compacting concrete." Construction and Building Materials 260 (November 2020): 119756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119756.

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36

Linhares, Patricia, Víctor Hermo, and Carolina Meire. "Environmental design guidelines for residential NZEBs with liner tray construction." Journal of Building Engineering 42 (October 2021): 102580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102580.

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37

Fang, Yong, Jianning Guo, Jacob Grasmick, and Mike Mooney. "The effect of external water pressure on the liner behavior of large cross-section tunnels." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 60 (November 2016): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.07.009.

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38

Takeyasu, Kazuhiro. "Brand Selection and Its Matrix Structure―Expansion of its Block Matrix to the Third Order Lag―." Business and Management Research 5, no. 4 (November 25, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v5n4p31.

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Focusing that consumers’ are apt to buy superior brand when they are accustomed or bored to use current brand, new analysis method is introduced. Before buying data and after buying data is stated using liner model. When above stated events occur, transition matrix becomes upper triangular matrix. In this paper, equation using transition matrix stated by the Block Matrix is expanded to the third order lag and the method is newly re-built. These are confirmed by numerical examples. S-step forecasting model is also introduced. This approach makes it possible to identify brand position in the market and it can be utilized for building useful and effective marketing plan.

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39

Yang, Jiankang, Haijun Lu, Xiong Zhang, Jixiang Li, and Weiwei Wang. "An Experimental Study on Solidifying Municipal Sewage Sludge through Skeleton Building Using Cement and Coal Gangue." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5069581.

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The municipal sewage sludge typically has very high water content and low shear strength. Conventional methods of lime and cement solidification of municipal sewage sludge often suffer high cost, significant drying shrinkage, frequent cracking, high hydraulic conductivity, and low strength. To overcome these shortcomings, in this paper a skeleton-building method was used to solidify municipal sewage sludge in which coal gangue, cement and clay, and fiber were used as skeleton materials, cementation materials, and filling materials, respectively. Comprehensive laboratory tests including cracking, nitrogen adsorption, triaxial shearing, and permeability tests were performed to determine cracking, pore structure, shear strength, and hydraulic conductivity of municipal sewage sludge solidified with different proportions of coal gangue, cement, fiber, and clay. Based upon the experimental results, the mechanisms of the skeleton building using cement and coal gangue were discussed and factors controlling the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of the solidified soils were analyzed at both microscopic and macroscopic levels. Based upon the test results and analyses, recommendations were made for solidifying municipal sewage sludge through skeleton building using cement and coal gangue. The solidified soils have high soil strength, high resistance to cracking, and low hydraulic conductivity which are sufficient for being used as landfill liner.

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Wang, J. H., A. Koizumi, and D. J. Yuan. "Theoretical and numerical analyses of hydrostatic buckling of a noncircular composite liner with arched invert." Thin-Walled Structures 102 (May 2016): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.01.021.

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Hu, Feng, Hao Wu, Qin Fang, and Jinchun Liu. "Numerical simulations of shaped charge jet penetration into concrete-like targets." International Journal of Protective Structures 8, no. 2 (June 2017): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419617706863.

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Shaped charge jet has been widely applied in the military and energy sources’ extraction fields; while the related investigations on the shaped charge jet penetration into concrete-like target are still limited, a series of numerical simulation works are conducted in this article. Holmquist–Johnson–Cook and Johnson–Cook models are used to describe the concrete-like targets and metal liner/casing of the shaped charge, respectively. The whole process including the formation, elongation in the air, and penetration into concrete-like target of shaped charge jet is reproduced using the multi-material arbitrary Lagrange–Euler algorithm and fluid–structure interaction method implemented in LS-DYNA. Simultaneously, the striking velocities of the jet (both tip and tail) and the damage of target (diameter and depth of penetration borehole) are derived. The above constitutive models, the corresponding material parameters, and the finite element algorithms are validated by comparing with the available tests’ data. The analyses of parametric influences are further performed. It indicates that for the unfragmented shaped charge jet, the penetration depth increases and the average penetration borehole diameter decreases with the standoff distance increasing, respectively; the compressive strength of concrete target has slight influence on the penetration depth of shaped charge jet; the diameter of shaped charge jet penetration borehole with aluminum liner is larger, while that with copper liner has a deeper penetration depth. It can also be found that the influence of explosive type on the penetration performance of shaped charge jet is negligible at small standoff distance, while the explosive LX-14 performs better than explosives Octol, B, and 8701 at larger standoff distance.

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Jiang, Nan, and Fei Wang. "Three-Dimensional Dynamic Analysis on Soil-Structure Applying Mixed Linear-Nonlinear Substructure Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.372.

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To increase the computation efficiency of the three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic analysis of soil-structure, the liner-nonlinear mixed constrained mode synthesis method was put forward according to the characteristic that the structure owns local plastic region, which is appropriate for both nonlinear substructure and multi linear substructures with boundary coupling. Divided the whole system into linear substructure and nonlinear substructure, this method reduced the freedom degree of linear substructure according to the potential energy criterion and finally synthesized them with the nonlinear substructure, thus obtaining the dynamic response of nonlinear system. The accuracy and effectiveness of this method were proved by further applying this method in the three-dimensional dynamic analysis example of soil-high building interaction system to carry out dynamic time-history analyses under the effect of multi-groups earthquake incentives respectively for two different boundary conditions of soil mass. Finally, several groups of numerical experimentations were conducted based on the various different values of nonlinear soil mass region, and the result indicated that as far as the example of this paper was concerned, it can obtain satisfiable computation result when the range of nonlinear soil mass region was 3 times of the horizontal size of upper structure, which further demonstrated the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.

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Wang, Yu, chuang-sheng Wu, and Zongying Shu. "Application and Research of Geologic Radar in Groundwater Disease of Tunnel Engineering Inspection." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101063.

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As a kind of underground lineament building, the tunnel inevitably will pass through different hydrology geology in construction process and thus form a catchment corridor which usually occurs in most of tunnels. Pour water and waterlogging is a common geological disaster and the main disease both in the construction tunnels and operation tunnels. So it is urgent for us to carry through the research on the geological disaster of groundwater. The Inspecting and controlling measures against the ground water geological disaster are also needed. In this paper, Geologic Radar is applied to tunnel engineering quality inspection to detect some quality problems possibly caused by groundwater. In order to diagnose the disease degree of operation tunnels and to estimate tunnel’s security condition, this paper analyzes the causes of bugs existing behind the tunnel lining, expounds the theory and method of making non-destructive test on tunnel lining quality by using Geological Radar. By processing and analyzing field data, the following functions can be performed, such as detecting the thickness of concrete lining accurately, determining the distribution position and quantities of rebar and grid steel, searching existed cavity and uncompacted area behind the lining especially lining arch top. We also apply the method of morphology to the extraction of liner image feature. We get the liner boundary line and waterlogging area more intuitively by wavelet analysis, and find the anomalous point in the liner. It has been proved that Geologic Radar is a feasible method to inspect the structure of tunnel concrete lining. Adopting hole-drilling method to make verifications with detecting results of geological radar, the results of the two kinds of methods do not have big difference.

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Brown, Michael J. P., Ian D. Moore, and Amir Fam. "Performance of a cured-in-place pressure pipe liner passing through a pipe section without structural integrity." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 42 (May 2014): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.01.005.

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Ganjian, Eshmaiel, Peter Claisse, Mark Tyrer, and Alan Atkinson. "Preliminary investigations into the use of secondary waste minerals as a novel cementitious landfill liner." Construction and Building Materials 18, no. 9 (November 2004): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.020.

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Puppala, Anand J., Sireesh Saride, Dimitris Dermatas, Mosleh Al-Shamrani, and Vivek Chikyala. "Forensic Investigations to Evaluate Sulfate-Induced Heave Attack on a Tunnel Shotcrete Liner." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 22, no. 9 (September 2010): 914–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000087.

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Kothandaraman, S., and S. Kandasamy. "The effect of controlled permeable formwork liner on the mechanical properties of concrete." Materials and Structures 49, no. 11 (February 26, 2016): 4737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0821-9.

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Selvaraj, Kandasamy, and Kothandaraman Sivanandam. "Influence of Controlled Permeable Formwork Liner on the Service Life of Reinforced Concrete." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 33, no. 6 (June 2021): 04021103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003716.

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Thibeault, Normand. "Graphical Application of Buckling Equations for a Cylindrical Steel Tunnel Liner with and without Stiffeners." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 13, no. 2 (May 2008): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2008)13:2(78).

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Effendi, Edy, and Muhammad Imron. "PENGARUH REVIU RKA-K/L OLEH APIP TERHADAP EFISIENSI ALOKASI ANGGARAN KEMENTERIAN AGAMA." Jurnal Anggaran dan Keuangan Negara Indonesia (AKURASI) 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33827/akurasi2019.vol1.iss1.art48.

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Research on the role of the APIP review of the Ministry/agency Work Plan and Budget document to determine the impact on the efficiency of ministry/agency spending (case study at the Ministry of Religion). The method used in this study uses simple linear regression with dummy. The use of linear regression is used to examine the relationship between independent variables (certain types of expenditure) and dependent variables (total expenditure). Whereas, dummy is used to find out before and after the APIP review is done. Throughout the author's search, this research has never been done. Based on the results of linear regression obtained, the APIP review significantly had a positive effect on official travel expenditure and honorarium but did not significantly affect building spending and equipment. Abstrak Penelitian atas peran reviu APIP atas dokumen Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Kementerian Negara/Lembaga untuk mengetahui dampaknya terhadap efisiensi belanja kementerian/lembaga (studi kasus pada Kementerian Agama). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier sederhana dengan dummy. Penggunaan regresi liner digunakan untuk meneliti hubungan antara variable independen (jenis belanja tertentu) dan variable dependen (total belanja). Sedangkan, dummy digunakan untuk mengetahui sebelum dan setelah reviu APIP dilakukan. Sepanjang penelusuran penulis, penelitian ini belum pernah dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil regresi linier diperoleh, reviu APIP signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap belanja perjalanan dinas dan honorarium tetapi tidak signifikan berbengaruh terhadap belanja gedung dan alat.

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