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Journal articles on the topic 'Linguistic artifacts'
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Falck, Marlene Johansson, and Carita Lundmark. "Bridging, Tunneling, and Towering: How Human Interaction with Artifacts Influences the Meanings of Converted Verbs." Cognitive Semantics 6, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-00601002.
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What determines the meaning of a converted verb? Why do some verbs that have been converted from nouns that refer to artifacts mean making the artifact, and others not? How come some of them, but not others, are connected with motion? And how do speakers’ experiences of the artifacts involved influence the meanings of the verbs? Noun-to-verb conversion has been dealt with at phonological, grammatical and word semantic levels, and explained in terms of metonymic processes and event schema. Yet few studies, if any, have looked into why and how converted verbs acquire the meanings that they do. This article is a corpus linguistic investigation of the converted verbs bridge, tunnel, and tower. Our aim is to find out how speakers’ experiences of the artifacts that the corresponding nouns refer to influence the meanings of the converted verbs.
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Anokhina, Tetiana. "THE LINGUISTIC STUDY OF LACUNAR PHENOMENA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1550.
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The article opens the current observation on lacunology studies where lacunae are regarded as results of change, innovation, substitution and transfer. Lacuna can be interpreted as empty place in contrasting languages, zero verbalization in the written and oral discourse, null transfer or the explicit substitute instead of the lacunar original. The paper has revealed how lacunae, rare words or hapaxes, can found in texts and corpus data. In terms of translation debates it relates to domestication and foreignization area of translation techniques. Lacunae are very closed off and inaccessible and only the ''outside'' parts of the lacunar artifacts or phenomena, often implicit, so translations must preserve lacunae to be lacunae or reveal the lacunae thus eliminating them. The ''inside'' and the ''outside'' of lacunar artifacts and phenomena depend upon a translator. The commentary can be added in the book, a footnote added in the article and the extensive commentary may be missed in speech. Thus, the techniques of elimination and adding work or fail.
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Malt, Barbara C., Steven A. Sloman, Silvia Gennari, Meiyi Shi, and Yuan Wang. "Knowing versus Naming: Similarity and the Linguistic Categorization of Artifacts." Journal of Memory and Language 40, no. 2 (February 1999): 230–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1998.2593.
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Young, Mark Thomas. "Artifacts as Rules." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 22, no. 3 (2018): 377–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne2018121789.
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My goal in this article is to explore the extent to which the conception of rule-following which emerges from Wittgenstein’s later works can also yield important insights concerning the nature of technological practices. In particular, this article aims to examine how two interrelated themes of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations can be applied in the philosophical analysis of technology. Our first theme concerns linguistic practice; broadly construed, it is the claim that the use of language cannot be understood as determined by a system of context independent rules. The second, interrelated theme emerges as a consequence of the first; that the meaning of language is rendered indeterminate when analyzed in isolation from contexts of practice. Following the common tendency in the sociology of technology to draw analogies between language and technology, I aim to show how the arguments that Wittgenstein makes for these two claims concerning language can also help us to understand the relation between technical artifacts and technological practices. For, similar to Wittgenstein’s account of rules, it will be shown how artifacts cannot be adequately understood in isolation from a wider background of skillful practice and interpretation. To illustrate this idea, we will examine the case of the Geiger counter, with a view towards illustrating how important aspects of the function of the device are rendered indeterminate when assessed on the basis of physical design alone.
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Burkette, Allison. "Linguistic and object-based stance-taking in Appalachian interviews." Language in Society 45, no. 3 (April 25, 2016): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404516000063.
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AbstractThis article uses data from interviews conducted in western North Carolina in order to examine the ways in which speakers enact authoritative, evaluative, and interactional stances to construct individual identity. In this data, we find a subtle interplay between the content of explicit statements, narrative content, and the use of grammatical features associated with Appalachian English (e.g.a-prefixing, nonstandard past tense), and the use of physical artifacts as sources of stance-taking. This article focuses on two speakers' use of (present and not-present) physical artifacts (a placemat, a Civil War era sword, a lock of hair, and a piece of wood with a bullet hole in it) to enact stances that construct individual versions of an Appalachian identity. What this analysis suggests is that it is not just linguistic choices that contribute to stance enactment, but physical objects as well. (Sociolinguistics, stance-taking, Appalachian English, material culture, language and idenity)*
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Wu, Qiling. "A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Proverbs Using Natural Semantic Metalanguage Approach." International Journal of English and Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijecs.v2i1.3951.
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The current study investigates the similarities and differences between ‘equivalent’ proverbs in English and Chinese. It integrates natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) into a semantic and pragmatic analysis to explain differences in proverbs as cultural linguistic artifacts. In this study, NSM has enabled the cultural meanings behind the artifacts to be brought into stark contrast for careful qualitative discourse analysis. The findings of the study indicate that it is not only worthwhile but also practical to carefully examine English and Chinese proverb pairs, as their respective meanings may differ, offering unique insight into certain cultural factors. There is much potential for further research on linguistic cultural indicators such as proverbs, song lyrics, and idioms.
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Lucey, Michael, and Tom McEnaney. "Introduction." Representations 137, no. 1 (2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2017.137.1.1.
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This introduction offers an initial account of the usefulness of an interdisciplinary encounter between the fields of linguistic anthropology and literary/cultural studies and, in doing so, introduces a series of key terms from linguistic anthropology and its way of studying language-in-use as a locus in which culture happens: nonreferential (or social) indexicality, entextualization, and metapragmatics. It establishes a set of common attitudes toward language and cultural production found in work by Bourdieu, Bakhtin, and a number of linguistic anthropologists (Michael Silverstein in particular). It suggests three analytical levels on which such an interdisciplinary encounter might take place: analysis of (1) works that themselves show an interest in language-in-use (for example, novels by writers such as Proust, Eliot, or Dostoevsky); (2) the “interactive text,” of which any given literary artifact could be said to be a precipitate (one construal of Bourdieu’s approach to an author like Flaubert); and (3) the role of the ongoing uptake of given language-based artifacts in maintaining and altering their meanings and values.
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A.V., Buranova. "ACQUISITION OF PORTABLE ARTIFACTS BY NAMES ACCORDING TO THE PART-WHOLE METONYMIC MODEL." South archive (philological sciences), no. 84 (December 23, 2020): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2020-84-16.
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Purpose. The semantic development of names continues to be a topical issue in modern linguistics. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the figurative meanings of the artifacts names that are components of fixed expressions in Ukrainian, German and English, which were formed by the metonymic model “part ‒ whole”.Methods. The study used the method of dictionary definitions to demonstrate the ways of figurative meaning development in the semantic structure of artifact names and modeling method, which allowed to build models of semantic development of metonymic names to denote artifacts in three languages, namely the metonymic model “part ‒ whole”.Results. Metonymy as a semantic process occurs on the basis of similarity in contiguity. Much attention in linguistics is paid to metonymic modeling, with which it is possible to build models of semantic development of tokens to denote artifacts in Ukrainian, German and English. It is established that an artifact is any artificially created object. In the course of the research, percentages of the ratio of acquisition of figurative artifacts by names (“part ‒ whole”) (Ukrainian 85,7% / German 68,4% / English 90,5%), “reason ‒ consequence” (Ukrainian 9,5%) / German 26,3% / English 9.5%), “receptacle ‒ content” (Ukrainian 4,8% / German 5,3%), where the model “part ‒ whole” significantly prevails over others.Conclusions. It has been identified that the metonymic model “part ‒ whole” is the most common among other metonymic models. It is connected with the capability of human consciousness to perceive reality in the direction from specific to general. Awareness of the whole through the part is an important way of knowing reality, which reflects the cognitively determined ways of nomination. During the research, similarities and differences of transformations of Ukrainian, German and English of artifacts names, which took place on the basis of metonymic transfer, were recorded and analyzed. It is established that the common and different tendencies in the acquisition of figurative artifacts by names reflect the national stereotypes of figurative-associative thinking of a certain linguistic and cultural community.Key words: semantic development, name, rethinking, modeling, metonymy. Мета. Семантичний розвиток найменувань продовжує залишатись актуальним питанням у сучасній лінгвістиці. Дослідження присвячено виявленню й аналізу переносних значень найменувань артефактів, що є компонентами сталих виразів в українській, німецькій та англійській мовах, які були утворені за метонімічною моделлю «частина ‒ ціле».Методи. У дослідженні було застосовано метод словникових дефініцій для демонстрації шляхів розвитку переносного значення у семантичній структурі найменувань артефактів і метод моделювання, який дав змогу побудувати моделі семантичного розвитку метонімічних назв на позначення артефактів у трьох мовах, а саме метонімічної моделі «частина ‒ ціле».Результати. Метонімія як семантичний процес відбувається на основі подібності за суміжністю. Значна увага у лінгвістичній науці приділяється метонімічному моделюванню, за допомогою якого можна побудувати моделі семантичного розвитку лексем на позначення артефактів в українській, німецькій та англійській мовах. Встановлено, що артефактом є будь-який штучно створений людиною предмет. У процесі дослідження обчислено відсоткові показники співвідношення набуття найменуваннями артефактів переносного значення («частина ‒ ціле» (укр. 85,7% / нім. 68,4%/ англ. 90,5%), «причина ‒ наслідок» (укр. 9,5% / нім. 26,3% / англ. 9,5%), «вмістилище ‒ вміст» (укр. 4,8 % / нім. 5,3%), де модель «частина ‒ ціле» значно переважає над іншими.Висновки. Метонімічне переосмислення за моделлю «частина ‒ ціле» є найбільш поширеним серед досліджуваних метонімічних моделей. Це пов’язано з властивістю людської свідомості пізнавати дійсність у напрямі від конкретного до загального. Усвідомлення цілого через частину виступає важливим способом пізнання дійсності, що відображає когнітивно зумовлені способи номінації. Під час дослідження зафіксовано і проаналізовано подібності та відмінності трансформацій українських, німецьких й англійських назв артефактів, які відбулись на основі метонімічного перенесення. Спільні й відмінні тенденції у набутті назвами артефактів переносного значення відбивають національні стереотипи образно-асоціативного мислення певної лінгвокультурної спільноти.Ключові слова: семантичний розвиток, найменування, переосмислення, моделювання, метонімія.
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Clark, Charles C., and Jay F. Custer. "Rethinking Delaware Archaeology: A Beginning." North American Archaeologist 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 29–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/nvty-3kgp-gkkn-rxpq.
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A pit feature containing human remains was originally interpreted as a trash pit based on its shape, the presence of ceramic sherds, flakes, and fire-cracked rocks, and the absence of items traditionally viewed as “grave goods.” However, a cooperative reconsideration of the feature, incorporating the insights of a representative of the Nanticoke Indian Tribe, developed a new interpretation. Ethnohistoric data clearly indicate that local Indian people would not be likely to bury a body in a trash pit. Therefore, the presence of human remains signified a burial and artifacts usually viewed as “trash” could still have symbolic and ritual significance. Upon careful study, many of the feature's artifacts showed attributes which seem to distinguish them from superficially similar items found in non-grave settings. Data gathered from ethnohistoric sources, ethnographies, and linguistic analysis fit together to create a consistent cultural context for the artifacts' ritual and symbolic meaning.
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Cadd, Marc. "The Electronic Portfolio as Assessment Tool and More." IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies 42, no. 1 (April 15, 2012): 96–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/iallt.v42i1.8504.
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The utilization of portfolios has become more common in academia in thelast two decades. However, their usage in the language classroom is stillrelatively rare. Electronic portfolios (ePortfolios) offer students andinstructors numerous advantages over traditional means of assessment,including a means by which progress can be tracked longitudinally. Thesecollections of artifacts can be used to demonstrate proficiency toprospective employers and graduate schools. The author provides onemodel that incorporates and utilizes current technologies as a basis forstudent-compiled electronic portfolios. In this model, students provideevidence of having met the linguistic and cultural objectives for eachlanguage course they take. Much of this evidence comes from in-depth,self-reflective writing, in addition to a number of artifacts selected by thestudents with direction from instructors. Detailed assessment rubrics areprovided for evaluating both the electronic portfolio and the assignmentsthat usually serve as the bases for the ePortfolio’s artifacts. Thiscomprehensive model represents one alternative to assessment through“seat-time” or number of credit hours earned in a given language.
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Vasconcellos-Silva, Paulo R., Francisco Javier Uribe Rivera, and Flávio Beno Siebeneichler. "Healthcare organizations, linguistic communities, and the emblematic model of palliative care." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, no. 7 (July 2007): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007000700003.
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The linguistic-communicative paradigm offers some interesting perspectives in a context where the perception of patient needs is considered a critical step in high-quality care. This study describes healthcare organizations as linguistic communities based on the conceptual framework of Habermas' communicative action theory. Four communicative models are present in healthcare settings: objectifying-instrumental (hegemonic model), where elements of interaction are objectified for clinical purposes; dialogic model with strategic perspectives, in which conversations are used unilaterally as tools to access subjective states; non-dialogic-transmissional model, in which linguistic exchanges are replaced with artifacts to transmit information; and full communicative model (present in palliative care based in homecare and informal caregivers, emphasizing health team/family interactions). Based on these premises, we considered palliative care an emblematic communicative model based on multidisciplinary teams devoted to transdisciplinary collaboration. In these settings, linguistic interaction with patients and their families could provide a solid basis for organization of healthcare networks.
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Tran, Tu, Donna Starks, and Howard Nicholas. "Discursive constructions of the viewing of a bathroom as a linguistic landscape in a shared home." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 43, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.18065.tra.
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Abstract In the linguistic landscapes (LL) literature there is frequent mention of the viewing of public locales by passers-by, owners, and tourists, who necessarily enter and exit locales in different ways, times, and conditions. This paper extends our understanding of the viewing of LL by investigating the discursive constructions of the bathroom of a shared home through the voices of its residents: six Vietnamese international students studying in Australia. When the residents of the home were asked to reflect on their perceptions of language in this locale, the findings show that they attend to the inscriptions on the artifacts, the linguistic activities that take place within the locale, or see no LL whatsoever because of the ways they construct the locale. The findings suggest that linguists need to give more consideration to the types of linguistic activities that occur in a locale in exploration of how individuals view their LL.
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Drieschova, Alena. "Peirce’s semeiotics: a methodology for bridging the material–ideational divide in IR scholarship." International Theory 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 33–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971916000233.
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The New Materialisms in IR scholarship seek to transcend the divide between matter and ideas, with among others such concepts as practices, or artifacts. This paper makes a start in developing a systematic methodology for the New Materialisms. It proposes Peirce’s semeiotics as one way to unpack how practices and artifacts are ideational and simultaneously material. Peircean semeiotics is a semeiotics of materialism, which creates room for material constitution and analyses practices and artifacts as signs. Peircean semeiotics acknowledges that many signs are objects and practices in the material world, and therefore underlie material constraints, while they also limit and enable the possibilities for action upon the world. Simultaneously though, as signs they convey a particular meaning to the people who surround them, not always by intent. Just as language, material things can signify by arbitrary social convention, but they can also signify by resembling the object they represent, or by being causally related to it. The linguistic model is thus incomplete to study the significative role of material reality. I will illustrate the use of Peircean semeiotics on an analysis of GDP as an inscription device and a complex sign.
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Pearce, Daniel Roy, Mayo Oyama, Danièle Moore, Yuki Kitano, and Emiko Fujita. "Plurilingual STEAM and School Lunches for Learning?" International Journal of Bias, Identity and Diversities in Education 6, no. 2 (July 2021): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbide.2021070103.
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In Japan, where there is a bias toward English-only in foreign language education, there are also grassroots efforts to introduce greater plurality in the classroom. However, introducing diverse languages and cultures into the classroom can lead to folklorization, the delivering of essentialized information in pre-packaged formats, which can potentially delegitimize other languages and cultures. This contribution examines a collaborative integrative plurilingual STEAM practice at an elementary school in Western Japan. In the ‘school lunches project,' the children experience various international cuisine, leading up to which they would engage with related languages and cultures through collaboratively produced plurilingual videos and museum-like exhibits of cultural artifacts. The interdisciplinary, hands-on, experiential learning within this project helped the children to develop an investigative stance toward linguistic and cultural artifacts, nurture a deeper awareness of languages and openness to diversity, foster reflexivity, and encourage interdisciplinary engagement.
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Kim, Judy Sein, Brianna Aheimer, Verónica Montané Manrara, and Marina Bedny. "Shared understanding of color among sighted and blind adults." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 33 (August 12, 2021): e2020192118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020192118.
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Empiricist philosophers such as Locke famously argued that people born blind might learn arbitrary color facts (e.g., marigolds are yellow) but would lack color understanding. Contrary to this intuition, we find that blind and sighted adults share causal understanding of color, despite not always agreeing about arbitrary color facts. Relative to sighted people, blind individuals are less likely to generate “yellow” for banana and “red” for stop sign but make similar generative inferences about real and novel objects’ colors, and provide similar causal explanations. For example, people infer that two natural kinds (e.g., bananas) and two artifacts with functional colors (e.g., stop signs) are more likely to have the same color than two artifacts with nonfunctional colors (e.g., cars). People develop intuitive and inferentially rich “theories” of color regardless of visual experience. Linguistic communication is more effective at aligning intuitive theories than knowledge of arbitrary facts.
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A. A., Olaoye, and Yekeen BELLO. "Nigerian Dress Culture: an Anthropo-Linguistic Communication Tool." Nile Journal of English Studies 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejes.v2i2.67.
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<p>This paper tries to put forward an anthropo-linguistic approach to the promotion of Nigerian dress culture in corporate institutions. Linguistic anthropology is a twin discipline which is concerned with the study of human society. It examines culture in its totality – traditions, customs, languages, dress, artifacts and technology, together with human social behaviour and relationships. Dress culture belongs to the sub-division of anthropology called ethnology, which looks at cultures in their traditional forms, and in their adaptation to the changing conditions in the modern world. Dress culture is therefore seen in this paper as a system of communication that functions just like any language functions. For instance, the related subject of Semiotics – the science of signs and significations, i.e. the study of symbols and their communicative meanings – has made dress culture an interesting and intriguing mode of communication. Dress is symbolic, iconic and symptomatic, and it is open to diverse interpretations and meanings. Dress code in corporate institutions just like any symbolic language, speaks volume. The authors therefore explore dress culture in its ramification – ethnic / national ceremonial dress, occasional/ festival dress, corporate/professional dress, religious / ritual dress, political dress, etc., the interpretations of colours, and the role of dress culture in the promotion of national identity. It is suggested that Nigerian dress culture must be sensitive to people’s taste, convenience, style, sex, religious belief, and must consider climatic or weather conditions and modernity if it is to serve as a veritable communication tool.</p>
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Kistner, Kelly. "A Dictionary without Definitions: Romanticist Science in the Production and Presentation of the Grimm Brothers’ German Dictionary, 1838–1863." Science in Context 27, no. 4 (November 13, 2014): 683–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889714000258.
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ArgumentBetween 1838 and 1863 the Grimm brothers led a collaborative research project to create a new kind of dictionary documenting the history of the German language. They imagined the work would present a scientific account of linguistic cohesiveness and strengthen German unity. However, their dictionary volumes (most of which were arranged and written by Jacob Grimm) would be variously criticized for their idiosyncratic character and ultimately seen as a poor, and even prejudicial, piece of scholarship. This paper argues that such criticisms may reflect a misunderstanding of the dictionary. I claim it can be best understood as an artifact of romanticist science and its epistemological privileging of subjective perception coupled with a deeply-held faith in inter-subjective congruence. Thus situated, it is a rare and detailed case of Romantic ideas and ideals applied to the scientific study of social artifacts. Moreover, the dictionary's organization, reception, and legacy provide insights into the changing landscape of scientific practice in Germany, showcasing the difficulties of implementing a romanticist vision of science amidst widening gaps between the public and professionals, generalists and specialists.
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Nishio, Tomoe, Chie Fujikake, and Masataka Osawa. "Language learning motivation in collaborative online international learning: an activity theory analysis." Journal of Virtual Exchange 3 (SI-IVEC2019) (November 27, 2020): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/jve.3.35780.
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This study investigated the development of language learning motivation in an American student of Japanese, Jason, during a mobility-based Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) project with a Japanese institution. Drawing on an activity theory perspective, this qualitative case study analyzed the student artifacts of the project as well as of interview and fieldnote data to illustrate the transformational process. Findings demonstrate how Jason’s pre-COIL motives (pragmatic, cultural, linguistic, and intellectual) were negotiated while participating in the COIL project. Through interacting with Japanese students, Jason’s preexisting linguistic demotivation was reversed by his positive reevaluation of his own oral skills, which enhanced his desire for higher proficiency. The project also stimulated Jason’s intellectual motive to learn Japanese using technology, leading to his autonomous choice to research language learning and technology, and to create a podcast. It is argued that Jason’s motivation for Japanese learning was enhanced through the social process, during which motives were transformed along with personal significance to him.
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Chapetón Castro, Claudia Marcela, and Pedro Antonio Chala. "Undertaking the Act of Writing as a Situated Social Practice: Going beyond the Linguistic and the Textual." Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal 15, no. 1 (July 15, 2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.calj.2013.1.a02.
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With an interest to go beyond an emphasis on linguistic and textual features that seem to prevail in writing practices, this qualitative actionresearch study looked at EFL argumentative essay writing within a genre-based approach, where writing was understood as a situated socialpractice. A group of undergraduate students from a B.Ed. program in Modern Languages participated in the study. Data were gathered throughsemi-structured interviews, questionnaires, class recordings, and students’ artifacts. Findings revealed that participants undertook the writing ofargumentative essays by bonding with their audience, establishing personal involvement with their texts, and giving support to their arguments.The study suggests that it is important to encourage students to focus on their sociocultural and personal context so that EFL writing can beapproached in a more purposeful and meaningful way.
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Zeevi, Irit, and Deborah Dubiner. "Outdoor signage as a trait in the linguistic landscape during Operation Protective Edge." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 80–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.2.1.04zee.
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Researchers have discussed the display of emotions in modern society as a response to stimuli — some of which are internal and private events whereas others are displayed to the outside world (Tourinho, Borba, Vichi, & Leite, 2011). In particular, during times of crisis there seems to be an awakening of patriotic feelings and a tendency to express emotions through symbolic artifacts (Bar-Tal & Ben-Amos, 2004; First & Avraham, 2010; Zeevi, 2009). This article describes and analyzes Israel’s linguistic landscape as reflected by outdoor signs during the military operation Protective Edge (in Hebrew “Tzuk Eitan”) as a display of citizens’ feelings. One-hundred different outdoor signs were selected from a 300 convenience sample and analyzed according to categories of the initiators of the signs, the objects of the messages, and the ways in which solidarity and patriotism were expressed. The findings indicate that indeed, a strong message of patriotism and solidarity emerged from visual and linguistic elements in the signs, as well as their location. The findings show that the LL ceases to be “a space” and becomes a place that conveys a message and contains a social meaning (Shohamy & Waksman 2009).
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Zhang, Xiaodong. "Innovating Selection and Use of Online Writing Resources for EFL Students: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Perspective." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 13, no. 09 (September 29, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i09.7910.
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This study reports on how teachers’ systemic functional linguistics (SFL)-based selection and use of on-line writing resources impacted students’ perceptions of on-line resources and their writing performance. Through a case study of students from one academic writing course in an urban university in China and primarily qualitative analysis of interviews with students, written artifacts, and students’ reflections, it was found that the selection and use of on-line learning resources, guided by the teacher’s SFL perspective on writing as a meaning-making process, facilitated students’ transition. That is, students gained a principled perspective on the use of on-line resources and were able to use pertinent knowledge in producing effective academic writing. The study concludes that the pedagogical use of on-line resources, when supported by SFL, could transform students’ perception of the value of on-line materials and improve their self-efficacy as academic writers.
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Melluso, Nicola, Sara Pardelli, Gualtiero Fantoni, Filippo Chiarello, and Andrea Bonaccorsi. "DETECTING BAD DESIGN AND BIAS FROM PATENTS." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.117.
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AbstractThe representation of the product use context is a well established design practice in Engineering Design. Recently, design theory is studying the product interaction involving several cognitive aspects such as the possible conditions in which a wrong interaction occurs. The aim of this paper is to find a quantitative evidence of the causes of these misuses. In particular, this study focuses on the detection of bad design and biases.In this paper, we propose a method that helps to the automatic detection of bad design and biases from patents. The method is based on an approach that defines syntactic rules to detect sentences containing these artifacts. These rules are defined based on an exploratory analysis of the explicit mention of “bad design” and “bias” and then, tested with multiple experiments on a sample of patents. The results give a first quantitative evidence of the presence of bad design and biases in patents and consequently of their importance in the design theory. In particular, it is provided a fine grain analysis of the linguistic structure of sentences containing these artifacts helping designers in detecting automatically them from patents.
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Blais, André, and Elisabeth Gidengil. "Things Are Not Always What They Seem: French-English Differences and the Problem of Measurement Equivalence." Canadian Journal of Political Science 26, no. 3 (September 1993): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900003449.
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AbstractThis study examines the problem of achieving linguistic equivalence in Canada-wide surveys that rely, as they must, on two different questionnaires, one in English and one in French. It is argued that this is a crucial problem which needs to be dealt with squarely. Since language does not coincide neatly with territorial boundaries in Canada, there will always be some francophones outside Quebec and some non-francophones within Quebec who are not interviewed in their first language. A comparison of responses given in both languages by members of the same language group enables the investigator to distinguish true cultural differences from mere artifacts of measurement. That methodology is applied to one specific issue, support for electoral democracy.
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Werner, Warren W. "Models and the Teaching of Technical Writing." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 19, no. 1 (January 1989): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cqeu-t08e-er2u-8ud5.
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Technical writing students often misuse models given them for their writing assignments because they fail to distinguish between model and example and between different kinds of models. The results of this misuse are texts that contain inappropriate material and are unfit for their intended audiences. The approach to writing taken by these students is too narrow and rigid. This article details the problem and defines the models used in writing as partially abstract, analogous representations of social codifications of linguistic experience. Since models are social artifacts shared by both writers and readers, a clearer understanding of them should help writers produce texts appropriate for their audiences while giving the writers greater rhetorical flexibility.
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Amaya Pérez, Lina Katerine, Mario Santiago Fonseca Parra, and Juan Esteban Pineda Guarín. "Cohesion in Spanish as a Second Language in an Indigenous School." Enletawa Journal 12, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 14–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/2011835x.10398.
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This qualitative action research study analyzed the effect of Task Based Learning (TBL) through meaningful materials in the writing process of Spanish as a Second Language (SSL) for fifth graders from a Sikuani indigenous school located in Puerto Gaitán, Meta, Colombia. Throughout the sessions, task included different materials and games, such as a linguistic roulette, in order to help students foster cohesion when writing in Spanish as a second language. The instruments used to collect data were students’ artifacts (narrative texts), field notes, and semi-structured interviews. The results obtained showed that after the implementation, students were able to write short sentences using the parts of speech, such us articles, nouns, nd verb conjugations, accurately according to Spanish grammar.
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McCoy, Mark D., Caroline Cervera, Mara A. Mulrooney, Andrew McAlister, and Patrick V. Kirch. "Obsidian and volcanic glass artifact evidence for long-distance voyaging to the Polynesian Outlier island of Tikopia." Quaternary Research 98 (June 10, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.38.
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AbstractReconstructing routes of ancient long-distance voyaging, long a topic of speculation, has become possible thanks to advances in the geochemical sourcing of archaeological artifacts. Of particular interest are islands classified as Polynesian Outliers, where people speak Polynesian languages and have distinctly Polynesian cultural traits, but are located within the Melanesian or Micronesian cultural areas. While the classification of these groups as Polynesian is not in dispute, the material evidence for the movement between Polynesia and the Polynesian Outliers is exceedingly rare, unconfirmed, and in most cases, nonexistent. We report on the first comprehensive sourcing (using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) of obsidian and volcanic glass artifacts recovered from excavations on the Polynesian Outlier island of Tikopia. We find evidence for: (1) initial settlement followed by continued voyages between Tikopia and an island Melanesian homeland; (2) long-distance voyaging becoming much less frequent and continuing to decline; and (3) later voyaging from Polynesia marked by imports of volcanic glass from Tonga beginning at 765 cal yr BP (±54 yr). Later long-distance voyages from Polynesia were surprisingly rare, given the strong cultural and linguistic influences of Polynesia, and we suggest, may indicate that Tikopia was targeted by Tongans for political expansion.
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TRAUGOTT, ELIZABETH CLOSS. "‘Insubordination’ in the light of the Uniformitarian Principle." English Language and Linguistics 21, no. 2 (July 2017): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674317000144.
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Assuming that the Uniformitarian Principle refers to processes of production and perception, I argue that it remains invaluable for work on language in the last five thousand years or so, the period of linguistic historical record. In this article I show that some proposals about the development of ‘insubordination’ (Evans 2007), particularly those that link it to degrammaticalization (e.g. Higashiizumi 2006 onbecause-monoclauses; Brinton 2014 onas ifclauses), are artifacts of theory (Kaiser & Struckmeier 2015), and do not conform to processes that can be projected from a Uniformitarian Process Principle that pays attention to interactional practices. I investigate evidence in the history of English for the development of finite independent monoclauses that are introduced by subordinators, for example,Because you don't understand,If we could see that picture again,As if you are not gorgeous. I conclude that, at least in English, such monoclauses are chunks that are used incrementally in on-line interaction, just like independent NPs and prepositional and adverbial phrases (Fordet al. 2002; Couper-Kuhlen 2011; see also Lindström & Londen 2008 on Swedish monoclauses with subordinators; Gras & Sansineña 2015 on Spanish monoclausalque-constructions). In such cases degrammaticalization is not relevant. The Uniformitarian Processes Principle can serve as an important corrective on artifacts of theory.
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Lavitski, Anton A. "Insult of the Language as a Phenomenon of the Modern Bilingual Communication Space in Belarus." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 18, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2021-18-2-143-152.
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In Belarus the Belarusian-Russian bilingualism is legalized constitutionally and the existing language legal framework has a long-standing basis for civil agreement on the use and functioning of both state languages. However, in recent years there have appeared a number of negative phenomena aroused by certain shifts in the structure of the communicative interactions. This refers, in particular, to a recently defined offence of insult of the language. This phenomenon is new to the Belarusian linguistic-legal discourse and the interest in it predetermined the purpose of this research, namely, to study the phenomenon of insult of the language from the standpoint of modern Belarusian linguistic legal expertise. Materials and methods. The research is based on records of administrative offences that violate the language regulations. The methodological basis comprises the method of parameterization and the logical-linguistic, comparative and lexical-semantic analyzes. Results. The research carries out both the theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of insult of the language from the standpoint of linguistic expertise and the practical analysis of conflict-prone texts. Unlike personal insults, where the defining parameters are factfulness, attributiveness and non-normativity, insults of the language are only defined in legal practice by the parameter of attributiveness, i.e. by the presence of words in the remark that derogate the language and demean its status. The obtained results indicate that the Belarusian legislation system treats the language with a special regard. Firstly, acknowledgement of the fact that the language can suffer an insult proves its special role among other cultural artifacts. Secondly, the legal practice demonstrates respect for the language and regards it as a super entity that stands above the category of personality.
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Morozova, O. E. "The World View of B. V. Shergin (On Basis of the Material of Comparisons)." Russian language at school 81, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-1-67-72.
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The article deals with B. Shergin’s world view represented in figurative comparisons. The artistic prose and diaries of the writer were used as a source of linguistic material. The research material was obtained as a result of purposive sampling. The aim is to characterize the features of the conceptual system and the world view of B. Shergin, shaped by Russian Northern culture, art education and religious views of the writer. The semantic spheres, which had an importance for the writer (nature, human, artifacts, sphere of «Me») and manifested in comparisons were considered. The key concepts having a particular significance for the writer («ship», «house», «sea», «river», «nature», «soul») were identified. Correlations between these concepts intertwined into a single conceptual system, which consists of universal, regional and the writer’s unique components, were established.
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León-Garzón, Rosmery, and Harold Castañeda-Peña. "Exploring Social Skills and Character Education of Students Through Storytelling in L2." GiST Education and Learning Research Journal, no. 17 (December 17, 2018): 128–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26817/16925777.440.
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Little is known about character education and social skills within a transformative curriculum framework in the L2 classroom. This action research study stems from identifying peer rejection in 7th grade English language classrooms as a social issue hampering English language practices for some students. Four L2 storytelling workshops were designed and implemented adapting social and linguistic contents. Data comprising students’ reactions to the content of the adapted short stories were collected using classroom interaction transcriptions, students’ artifacts, field notes, semi-structured interviews with students, and the evaluation of the storytelling workshops made by the students. Data analysis demonstrates that students could learn to live in a community creating healthy L2 learning environments when there is a sense of awareness about accepting differences whilst practicing the use of the English language.
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Sverdiolas, Arūnas. "On the Edge of Meaning: the Thingness of Artwork." Semiotika 16 (July 29, 2021): 66–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/semiotika.2021.9.
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Semiotics and philosophy both claim the status of a meta-language, hence enter into a dialogue with one another and each tries to translate the other into its own language. Contemporary analysis of material culture is informed by the so-called linguistic turn, which was performed by structuralism and affected all humanities. Ferdinand de Saussure’s semiology and the semiotics of Algirdas Julien Greimas and his colleagues work in this area by extrapolating the notion of the text to various fields of inquiry. The problematics of archeology, architecture, and other artifacts demand thinking through the issue of the matter. The paper provides proof that, in its attempts to respond to this demand, semiotics either stays within the frame of the idealistic semiotic existence of an indeterminate status or deploys metaphysical rudiments-and-supplements.
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Korbi, Fadia Bahri, and Mourad Chouki. "Knowledge transfer in international asymmetric alliances: the key role of translation, artifacts, and proximity." Journal of Knowledge Management 21, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 1272–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2016-0501.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the issue of knowledge transfer in the context of international asymmetric alliances. The objective is mainly to identify the barriers that can impede the knowledge transfer between asymmetric partners and to analyze the solutions adopted to overcome these barriers. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a qualitative study involving six cases of asymmetric alliances between Tunisian small-and-medium enterprises (SMEs) and European multinational corporations (MNCs). Findings The results of this research highlight a set of obstacles related to the context of asymmetric alliance itself and the nature of knowledge transferred by partners. The study emphasizes the importance of translation using artefacts by both partners and proximity with its geographical, organizational and technological dimensions to overcome these obstacles. Research limitations/implications The investigation of knowledge transfer in asymmetric alliances was based on the role played by only three proximity dimensions (geographical, organizational and technological), while other factors, such as institutional, social and cultural issues, were not considered. Indeed, future research may take these variables into account in studying solutions to overcome knowledge-transfer barriers in asymmetric alliances. Practical implications The paper calls the attention of asymmetric alliance managers to the importance of translation to perform work processes, facilitate knowledge transfer and overcome linguistic barriers. Managers should use virtual artefacts to reduce the constraints resulting from their geographical remoteness and to strengthen cooperation. Further, reinforcing geographical, organizational and technological proximity between partners involved in an international alliance is essential to facilitate knowledge transfer, essentially of tacit knowledge, and to accelerate innovation. Originality/value This study emphasizes the importance of the simultaneous role of artefacts, translation and proximity in overcoming obstacles related to the asymmetric alliance itself and the nature of knowledge transferred by partners. The results shed light on the issue of knowledge generation in asymmetric alliances.
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Oskoz, Ana, and Idoia Elola. "Digital stories: Bringing multimodal texts to the Spanish writing classroom." ReCALL 28, no. 3 (July 7, 2016): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344016000094.
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AbstractDespite the availability and growing use of digital story software for authoring and instructional purposes, little is known about learners’ perceptions on its integration in the foreign language writing class. Following both a social semiotics approach and activity theory, this study focuses on six advanced Spanish learners’ perceptions about the production of a digital story in which they integrated a variety of modes (written, oral, images, sounds) and manipulated the semiotic resources within each mode (size, color, lines in the image mode), to convey meaning. Analyzing participants’ reflections, questionnaires, and online journals, results highlight learners’ (a) interpretation of the tools and artifacts and their effect on their understanding of a final product, (b) connections between short-term goal-oriented actions and the longer-term object-oriented activity of developing a multimodal text, and (c) linguistic reorientations when creating a digital story.
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Carpentieri, Nicole, and Carol Symes. "Introduction." Medieval Globe 5, no. 2 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17302/tmg.5-2.1.
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The seven articles in this thematic issue address written responses to different periods of turmoil that impacted Muslim and Christian societies in the western Mediterranean from the ninth to the sixteenth centuries. By highlighting the complexities of the literary artifacts produced in Sicily, al-Andalus, and North Africa, it offers new perspectives on the interactions between Islam and Christendom at a time of traumatic transition from one political and religious hegemony to another, as reflected in a variety of genres: apologetic and hagio-graphical works, interreligious polemics, military and diplomatic dispatches, historiography, travel narratives, and romance. These analyses reveal a cultural panorama in which "internal otherness" and religious rivalry are both generative forces within a Mediterranean of fungible linguistic and social boundaries, where traditional genres are inflected and re-invented and new vernacular forms arise from multicultural and multi-confessional encounters.
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Wilk, Nicole M. "Lokalisierung und Adressierung als Verfahren erinnerungskultureller „Raumzuschnitte“ in Kommunikationsangeboten zur Stadtgeschichte." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik 70, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 105–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfal-2019-2002.
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Abstract This article deals with new locative and multimodial media formats, which yield aspects of city histories, re-evaluating their cultural and also their touristic image. The analysis explores the shift from written city guides and building inscriptions to multimodal products (websites, apps) by focussing on two central techniques: the various forms of adressing and the linguistic description for localization, specifically local deicitica. Analogical to the “recipient design” as a basic concept of conversation analysis, the term “spacial design” is chosen to describe the linguistic means, which adjust the multimodal text to the artifacts of urban space, so that a interpretative historic formation will attach to the spacial environment and change the city view. One result of the analysis was the discovery of a mixture of personal and impersonal types of adressing, which shows, that personal adressing joins methods of multiple adressing in multimodal urban communication. The analysis also suggests, that localization practices get diversificated. The new communication products show multiple (“overdetermines”) deictica and phoric anchorages in the urban space, i. e. the deixis is overdetermined as perceptual and imagination-oriented, furthermore deictica are also connected with text elements (by phoric relations). As a discourse grammatical result, the emerged patterns construct an image of nearly automatical unevitaly and depersonalized urban development (e. g. road construction). This impression results from accounts of passive constructions related with instrumental sub-clauses.
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BARING, EDWARD. "ENTHUSIASTIC READING: RETHINKING CONTEXTUALIZATION IN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY." Modern Intellectual History 14, no. 1 (September 2, 2015): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244315000244.
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In the past ten years, contextual approaches to intellectual history have been dislodged from their dominant position in the discipline. In the 2013 volume Rethinking European Intellectual History, edited by Samuel Moyn and Darrin McMahon, a number of the contributors challenged the previous generation's emphasis on context, whether social, political, or linguistic, arguing that it constrained the scope of intellectual history and unnecessarily foreclosed the possibility of critical engagement: if we could only understand ideas by embedding them in foreign contexts, how could they be meaningful today? Instead, many historians have come to embrace what had earlier been derided as a form of “idealism”: an emphasis on the autonomy of ideas and their internal structure. Paying attention to this structure has allowed historians to treat ideas less as historical artifacts and thus offer them as living resources for thinking through problems in the present.
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Ho, Wing Yee Jenifer, and Li Wei. "Mobilizing Learning." Chinese Semiotic Studies 15, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 533–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2019-0029.
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Abstract This article offers an alternative view of mobile learning, moving away from a focus on technology to an emphasis on the mobilization of multiple resources by the learner and the interactivity between the learner and the environment. We present an analysis of an episode of self-directed online learning by a multilingual learner using the perspective of translanguaging. We argue that the mobilization process is a process of translanguaging whereby the learner goes beyond not only the boundaries between different-named languages but also linguistic codes, transcending modalities and making use of the technological environment and artifacts. In so doing, we highlight the need for researchers to broaden the definition of language and language learning and look more closely at the details of how learners orchestrate and coordinate their mind and body to adapt to the affordances of the diverse range of multilingual, multimodal, and multisemiotic resources.
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Ostrowski, Donald. "The Return of the Rhos." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 52, no. 2-3 (November 21, 2018): 290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-05202009.
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Abstract The Annales Bertiniani, a ninth-century Frankish chronicle, reports that the Byzantine Emperor Theophilos (r. 829–842) sent to the court of Emperor Louis the Pious (r. 814–840) in Ingelheim in May 839 a group calling themselves Rhos who were trying to return to their homeland (in patriam). They said that their ruler had the name Chacanus. After Louis found out they were Swedes (Sueones), he became suspicious that they were spies and wrote to Theophilos for confirmation of who they said they were. Various scholarly conjectures have been made concerning who these Rhos were and where their homeland might have been. This article surveys the salient points of those scholarly conjectures and the relevant linguistic and archaeological evidence, including Byzantine artifacts from the reign of Theophilos found in northern Europe. It cautions against excessive supposition, especially in assuming that the homeland of the Rhos was a khaganate.
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Guimarães, Cayley, Matheus Aquino, and Sueli Fernandes. "Creating Learning Objects in Libras and written Portuguese." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 5, no. 7 (July 31, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol5.iss7.751.
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Most Deaf1children are born to non-Deaf parents and have little to no contact with Sign Language (SL). SL is the natural language of the Deaf, necessary for intellectual development. They are a complete linguistic system, with grammar, syntax, semantics, etc. and they allow for the expression of abstract thoughts. SLs are used to create and disseminate information, science, and knowledge. They are vital for communication, identity, culture, and citizenship for the Deaf. There are very few studies to inform the design of Learning Objects (LO) for bilingual Deaf Education and Literacy. LO is system-based artifacts used to teach some subject. Bilingualism is the approach that values SL as a language of culture and education (L1) and the written form of the Oral Language (OL) as L2. This article presents the process educators could follow to create such LO to be used by the Deaf child her interlocutor
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NANDA, JYOTIRMAYA, HENRI J. THEVENOT, TIMOTHY W. SIMPSON, ROBERT B. STONE, MATT BOHM, and STEVEN B. SHOOTER. "Product family design knowledge representation, aggregation, reuse, and analysis." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 21, no. 2 (March 19, 2007): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060407070217.
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A flexible information model for systematic development and deployment of product families during all phases of the product realization process is crucial for product-oriented organizations. In current practice, information captured while designing products in a family is often incomplete, unstructured, and is mostly proprietary in nature, making it difficult to index, search, refine, reuse, distribute, browse, aggregate, and analyze knowledge across heterogeneous organizational information systems. To this end, we propose a flexible knowledge management framework to capture, reorganize, and convert both linguistic and parametric product family design information into a unified network, which is called a networked bill of material (NBOM) using formal concept analysis (FCA); encode the NBOM as a cyclic, labeled graph using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) that designers can use to explore, search, and aggregate design information across different phases of product design as well as across multiple products in a product family; and analyze the set of products in a product family based on both linguistic and parametric information. As part of the knowledge management framework, a PostgreSQL database schema has been formulated to serve as a central design repository of product design knowledge, capable of housing the instances of the NBOM. Ontologies encoding the NBOM are utilized as a metalayer in the database schema to connect the design artifacts as part of a graph structure. Representing product families by preconceived common ontologies shows promise in promoting component sharing, and assisting designers search, explore, and analyze linguistic and parametric product family design information. An example involving a family of seven one-time-use cameras with different functions that satisfy a variety of customer needs is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed framework.
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Węgorowska, Katarzyna. "Dziedzictwo Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Kresów północno-wschodnich w świetle ustaleń językoznawstwa erudycyjnego." Acta Baltico-Slavica 38 (December 31, 2014): 244–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2014.006.
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Heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Northeastern Borderlands in the light of erudite linguisticsThe essay contains reflections on the ways of using erudite linguistics, a young discipline created by me, in the study of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Northeastern Borderlands.Correlation of linguistic and extralinguistic conclusions (culture, history, art, gemology) permits us to look in a new way at many facts of the Polish Northeastern Borderlands that linguists had not been interested in before, such as old Polish Northeastern Borderlands museum artifacts, jewelry of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, icon of Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn, cult of the dead in the Polish Northeastern Borderlands, architecture of the old Vilnius, manor house in Czombrów – the prototype of Soplicowo (the village in Pan Tadeusz epic poem), descriptions of Henryk Poddębski’s daguerreotype images, Vilnius identity of Henryk Szylkin or symbolic-figurative nicknames of Vilnius. Dziedzictwo Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Kresów północno-wschodnich w świetle ustaleń językoznawstwa erudycyjnegoSzkic jest refleksją o sposobach wykorzystywania stworzonego przeze mnie, kilkunastoletniego zaledwie, językoznawstwa erudycyjnego w badaniach nad problematyką wielkoksiążęcą i północnokresową.Korelacja ustaleń językoznawczych z ustaleniami pozajęzykowymi (kultura, historia, sztuka, gemmologia…) pozwoliła na nowe odczytanie wielu kresowych faktów, które nie były dotąd przedmiotem zainteresowania językoznawców, jak np.: artefakty dawnych północnokresowych muzeów, wielkoksiążęce precjoza, Ikona Ostrobramska, północnokresowy kult zmarłych, architektura dawnego Wilna, prototyp Soplicowa – dwór w Czombrowie, opisy dagerotypów Henryka Poddębskiego, wileńska tożsamość Henryka Szylkina czy symboliczno-metaforyczne nazwy Wilna.
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Cho, Violet. "Searching for home: Explorations in new media and the Burmese diaspora in New Zealand." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 17, no. 1 (May 31, 2011): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v17i1.379.
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This study examines the place of new media in the maintance of Burmese diasporic identities. Political oppression in Burma, the experience of exile and the importance of opposition movements in the borderlands make the Burmese diaspora a unique and complex group. This study uses tapoetethakot, an indigenous Karen research methodology, to explore aspects of new media use and identity among a group of Burmese refugees in Auckland, New Zealand. Common among all participants was a twin desire to share stories of suffering and to have that pain recognised. Participants in this project try to maintain their language and cultural practices, with the intent of returning to a democratic Burma in the future. New media supports this, by providing participants with access to opposition news reports of human rights abuses and suffering; through making cultural and linguistic artifacts accessible, and through providing an easy means of communication with friends and family in Burma and the borderlands.
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Orzeszek, Jakub. "A Negative History of Literature: The Case of Schulz (and Riff)." Tekstualia 2, no. 57 (August 16, 2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3547.
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The article discusses the concept of a negative history of literature, understood as an academic- literary discourse focused on non-existing books: deliberately destroyed, forgotten, unfi nished or barely developed. References to several critics and writers (Pierre Bayard, Samuel Beckett, Jorge Luis Borges, Stanisław Lem) enable the identifi cation of two contiguous fi gures: the negative reader who is defi ned by his or her melancholic tendency to see literature as a realm of loss and the negative literary historian who attempts to reconstruct lost books as artifacts (material remains, archival objects) and linguistic entities (contextual analysis). Bruno Schulz, whose reception is marked with the dialectics of loss and revelation, is discussed as a „patron” of the negative history of literature. Additionally, the article looks at the case of his friend Władysław Riff, a novelist who died of tuberculosis at the age of 26 and who exists today only in Schulz’s biographical legend.
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Johansson Falck, Marlene. "Are metaphorical paths and roads ever paved?" Review of Cognitive Linguistics 8, no. 1 (June 2, 2010): 93–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.8.1.04joh.
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This paper provides a corpus linguistic analysis of verbs included in English path-, road- and way-sentences. My claim is that many of the differences between metaphorical and non-metaphorical patterns including these terms are related to a qualitative difference between real and imagined journeys. Both non-metaphorical and metaphorical instances go back to our experiences with real-world paths, roads and ways. Path and road-sentences are connected with motion along the specific artifacts that these terms refer to. Way-sentences refer to motion through space. Differences between prototypical and un-prototypical paths, roads and ways, however, and a close connection between prototypical instances and metaphorical meaning, result in differences between non-metaphorical and metaphorical patterns. The findings explain why the source domain verbs in metaphorical path- and road-sentences are more restricted than the verbs in the non-metaphorical sentences. They show why metaphorical ways, but hardly ever metaphorical paths and roads, are paved.
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Chang, Hui-Ching. "Serious play." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2003): 165–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.13.2.02cha.
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This ethnographic study explores how people in Taipei, the capital city of Taiwan, engage words as cultural performance, whether they are spoken, written, or manifest themselves as cultural artifacts. Informed by their depth philosophical contemplation about the boundary between the universe and language, and made possible through their unique linguistic constructions, many Chinese treat various forms of expression as art and signs of wisdom, whether for expressions of solemnity, playfulness, or humor. Through poems, common sayings, matched couplets, chengyu, and so on, words entertain and enrich social life, help relieve human suffering, connect one life to another, and instill modern everyday encounters with a dash of traditional cultural ethos. This artistic endeavor also offers explanations for Chinese indirectness, as shades of meanings are seen as displays of varying degrees of engagement to cultural performances. Interview accounts and data collected through participant observation during several field trips conducted in Taiwan were analyzed to show how words participate in and give meaning to the construction of Taiwanese interpersonal life.
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Rewa, Natalie. "Clichés of Ethnicity Subverted: Robert LePage's La Trilogie des Dragons." Theatre Research in Canada 11, no. 2 (September 1990): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.11.2.148.
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La Trilogie des dragons, conceived and produced under the direction of Robert Lepage, has received national and international acclaim. This analysis of the six-hour version of the production examines how Lepage departs from traditional explorations of cultural communities. In a strikingly flexible playing space the production elicits an intertextual discourse among the disparate texts connoting ethnic experience. Superimposed on a simple narrative exploring the lives of two Québécois women is a metatext which questions the validity of narrow, highly individualized, artistic portrayals of multiculturalism. The mise en scène embodies archaeological inquiry into the physical artifacts of a population; the predominantly non-verbal text encourages a reconsideration of the primacy of written documents as a way of creating meaning; the use of three languages within the course of the production challenges the emphasis placed on linguistic compatibility between stage and audience; and the theatricality highlights, simultaneously, cultural stereotypes and their appropriation into a new context.
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Kuchina, S. A. "Electronic Literary Text in the Framework of Post-Structuralism Textology." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-3-821-829.
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The article features the phenomenon of electronic literary text. The research objective was to identify the structural and semantic features of electronic literary texts within the framework of post-structuralism. The electronic literary text resulted not only from the development of information technology: it is also the product of the development of philosophical and linguistics ideas of post-structuralism. The post-structuralism perspective was not repeated exactly on the technological level of the electronic text representation. However, the post-structuralist text theory was reflected in the electronic literary text structure, i.e. its rhizomatic, decentered, fragmentary, intertextual, and simulation character. In particular, the attempt to build cohesion of semiotically diverse components in the electronic environment reflects the post-structuralists idea of chaos and disorganization. The attempt to provide the navigation in this multi-component unity by the key-word hyperlinks reflects the idea of the total interconnectivity of all structural components, i.e. intertextuality. The phenomenon of intertextuality defines the culmination of decenterment and nomadism in the text theory. It is connected with the rhizomatic concept and hypertextuality. The research used electronic literary texts based on Adobe Flash and HTML. The research employed general scientific methods, such as monitoring and description, in conjunction with the method of comparative linguistic analysis. The author concludes that the text perception and electronic virtual world immersion become much more important than the artifacts in the electronic literature of XXI century. The electronic literary text became the poststructuralist concept of the new esthetic object, lost its integrity and composition stability, and opened itself to external input.
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Guilat, Yael, and Antonio B. Espinosa-Ramírez. "The Historical Memory Law and its role in redesigning semiotic cityscapes in Spain." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 2, no. 3 (December 23, 2016): 247–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.2.3.03gui.
Full textAbstract:
In its Historical Memory Law (October 2007), Spain recognized victims on both sides of its 1936–1939 Civil War and established entitlements for victims and descendants of victims of the war and the Franco regime that followed (1939–1975). The law requires authorities to remove Francoist symbols and signs from public buildings and spaces, rename streets and squares, and cleanse the public space of monuments and artifacts that glorify or commemorate the regime. By allowing exceptions on artistic, architectural, or religious grounds, however, the law triggered persistent public struggles over monuments, memorials, and outdoor sculptures. This article examines the implementation of the law in the city of Granada, via a case study relating to the removal of a sculpture honoring the founder of the Spanish Fascist movement, José Antonio Primo de Rivera. The controversy over the statue sparked a debate in Granada about the implementation of the law in the public space and raised questions about the role of text, material and visual culture in redesigning Linguistic Landscape by articulating contested memories.
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Garncarek, Piotr. "Zmiany wizerunkowe mężczyzny w przestrzeni lingwakulturowej." Język a Kultura 26 (February 22, 2017): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.26.3.
Full textAbstract:
Image changes of a man in the linguocultural spaceLinguistic sensitivity to the reality around us, particularly the one in the social dimension, is an intriguing research area. In the wake of the ever faster rushing world, the language tries to catch up in different ways, not always in its own way. It borrows, calques, phonetically assimilates the foreign lexicon; moreover, it creates neologisms, fabricates and inserts new, “author’s” words, expressions and phrases. The linguocultural space, implied as a special area, where the language is intertwined with the described culture of a society — ethnic, national or linguistic, should look forward to the change of its own denomination. Calling phenomena linguocultural indicates the succession from language to reality. It is rather “demanding” linguistically. If indeed we adopt the sequence of events, the space in question is essentially linguocultural. The language must catch up and name new situations, phenomena, artifacts rather than create the reality which is made up of them. The relationship is analysed in the article and illustrated by examples thematically related to the image changes of a man.
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Richardson, Kyle, and Ashish Sabharwal. "What Does My QA Model Know? Devising Controlled Probes Using Expert Knowledge." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8 (September 2020): 572–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00331.
Full textAbstract:
Open-domain question answering (QA) involves many knowledge and reasoning challenges, but are successful QA models actually learning such knowledge when trained on benchmark QA tasks? We investigate this via several new diagnostic tasks probing whether multiple-choice QA models know definitions and taxonomic reasoning—two skills widespread in existing benchmarks and fundamental to more complex reasoning. We introduce a methodology for automatically building probe datasets from expert knowledge sources, allowing for systematic control and a comprehensive evaluation. We include ways to carefully control for artifacts that may arise during this process. Our evaluation confirms that transformer-based multiple-choice QA models are already predisposed to recognize certain types of structural linguistic knowledge. However, it also reveals a more nuanced picture: their performance notably degrades even with a slight increase in the number of “hops” in the underlying taxonomic hierarchy, and with more challenging distractor candidates. Further, existing models are far from perfect when assessed at the level of clusters of semantically connected probes, such as all hypernym questions about a single concept.