Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Linguistic Atlas of Asia'

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:41:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseanny Brito.pdf: 1231856 bytes, checksum: 774a01130211e7e3b526ae807bab1832 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-27<br>FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas<br>The studies linguistic directed to the characterization of Portuguese in Brazil are still little expressive. Some regions have elaborated atlas linguistic and derived characterize the talk about some localities. In the Amazon, much to do, in view of the lack of tradition in research dialetoctologics in the region. For the purpose of supply part of this gap, drafted-if the Atlas of the Lower Amazon Speaker AFBAM by means of a search dialectológica that has as kernel study and the analysis phonetic-phonological five of the municipalities that form the micro-region of Lower Amazon: Barreirinha, Boa Vista do Ramos, Nhamundá, San Sebastian of Uatumã and Urucará. This work was carried out through bibliographic research and field and with the support of the methodology of Sociolinguistic, since it sought to check whether the linguistic manifestations are due to factors or social origins. The research was performed with 06 informants, in each of the five points, being a man and woman between 18 and 35 years, 36 and 55 years and 56 years. This work shall use the questionnaire phonetic-phonological was applied in the development of linguistic Atlas of Amazon ALAM, elaborated by Cruz (2004), as well as the computational program of ALAM, which allows the inclusion of all the data collected and generate automatically letters phonetic. Through the drawing up this atlas, objectively-offers a scenery insightful of speaker characteristic of Lower Amazon and foster um knowledge social and cultural without reason deepen of that micro-region. This atlas seeks still contribute with the registers phonetic made in the ALAM, having in mind or deepening two inquiry of points in the Region of the Lower Amazon, or that broad or knowledge of mode of region amazonic Speakest and, consequently, of the portuguese of Brazil<br>Os estudos lingüísticos voltados para a caracterização do português do Brasil são ainda pouco expressivos. Algumas regiões têm elaborado atlas lingüísticos e conseguido caracterizar o falar de algumas localidades. No Amazonas, muito há para se fazer, tendo em vista a ausência de tradição em pesquisas diletoctológicas nessa região. Com a finalidade de suprir parte dessa lacuna, elaborou-se o Atlas dos Falares do Baixo Amazonas AFBAM por meio de uma pesquisa dialetológica que tem como cerne o estudo e a análise fonético-fonológica de cinco dos municípios que formam a micro-região do Baixo Amazonas: Barreirinha, Boa Vista do Ramos, Nhamundá, São Sebastião do Uatumã e Urucará. Este trabalho foi realizado através de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo e conta com o apoio da metodologia da Sociolingüística, uma vez que se pretendeu verificar se as manifestações lingüísticas são em decorrência de fatores lingüísticos ou sociais. A pesquisa foi realizada com 06 informantes, em cada um dos cinco pontos de inquérito, sendo um homem e uma mulher entre 18 e 35 anos, 36 e 55 anos e 56 anos em diante. Este trabalho utilizou o questionário fonético-fonológico que foi aplicado no desenvolvimento do Atlas Lingüístico do Amazonas ALAM, elaborado por Cruz (2004), bem como o programa computacional do ALAM, que permite a inserção de todos os dados coletados e gerar automaticamente cartas fonéticas. Através da elaboração deste atlas, objetiva-se oferecer um panorama criterioso dos falares característicos do Baixo Amazonas e propiciar um conhecimento sócio-cultural mais aprofundado dessa micro-região. Este atlas pretende ainda contribuir com os registros fonéticos realizados no ALAM, tendo em vista o adensamento dos pontos de inquérito na região do Baixo Amazonas, o que amplia o conhecimento do modo de falar da região amazônica e, conseqüentemente, do português do Brasil

This thesis casts a new light on the role of Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean World. It brings together data and approaches from archaeology and historical linguistics to examine cultural and language contact between Southeast Asia and South Asia, East Africa and the Middle East. The interdisciplinary approach employed in this study reveals that insular Southeast Asian seafarers, traders and settlers had impacted on these parts of the world in pre-modern times through the transmission of numerous biological and cultural items. It is further demonstrated that the words used for these commodities often contain clues about the precise ethno-linguistic communities involved in their transoceanic dispersal. The Methodology chapter introduces some common linguistic strategies to examine language contact and lexical borrowing, to determine the directionality of loanwords and to circumvent the main caveats of such an approach. The study then proceeds to delve deeper into the socio-cultural background of interethnic contact in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean as a whole, focusing on the oft-neglected Southeast Asian contributions to the cultural landscape of this region and addressing the nature of pre-modern contact between Southeast Asia and the different parts of the Indian Ocean Word. Following from that, the last three chapters look in-depth at the dispersal of respectively Southeast Asian plants, spices and maritime technology into the wider Indian Ocean World. Although concepts and their names do not always neatly travel together across ethno-linguistic boundaries, these chapters demonstrate how a closer examination of lexical data offers supportive evidence and new perspectives on events of cultural contact not otherwise documented. Cumulatively, this study underlines that the analysis of lexical data is a strong tool to examine interethnic contact, particularly in pre-literate societies. Throughout the Indian Ocean World, Southeast Asian products and concepts were mainly dispersed by Malay-speaking communities, although others played a role as well.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8079196 bytes, checksum: 87c804f2470f3520bb59c08ac398e657 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-04<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The Northeast is the Brazilian region with the largest number of states and was the birthplace of the Portuguese colonization in Brazil. Inside it, there is Pernambuco, which took active participation in several episodes in the History of Brazil. In addition, the State has a considerable popular culture, beginning with his speech visibly imitated. Therefore, it is necessary to store this linguistic culture through a methodology appropriate to the data collection that cover the geographical space of almost 100,000 km2. So, this thesis seeks to document this characteristic speech with the creation of the Linguistic Atlas of Pernambuco, in order to keep alive the memory of the language of the state and offer subsides to minimize the scarcity of Geolinguistic works about the Pernambucan speech. Daring to characterize this state atlas as belonging to the fourth generation, the theoretical assumptions of the contemporary Dialectology were followed under the auspices of the Multidimensional Geolinguistic methodology (THUN & ELIZAINCÍN, 2000) and after the choice of twenty survey points distributed throughout the Pernambuco territorial extension the standard questionnaire from the Project Linguistic Atlas of Brazil (ALiB) was applied, to which lexical semantic questions of specific themes from the culture of the state namely frevo, maracatu, renascença and barro were also added. The eighty-four informants were chosen on the basis of criteria recommended by Cardoso (2010), with the age group from 18 to 30 years and from 50 to 65 years and school lower to the sixth year of primary school, adding the capital informants with university studies completed. After transcription of the surveys, six introductory letters and 105 language letters were built, divided into 50 phonetic, 47 semantic-lexical and 8 morpho letters, which enabled an analysis of the most relevant events.<br>O Nordeste é a região brasileira com maior número de estados e foi o berço da colonização portuguesa no Brasil. Nesse meio, encontra-se Pernambuco, que teve participação ativa em diversos episódios na história do país. Além disso, o referido estado possui uma cultura popular considerável, a começar pelo seu modo de falar visivelmente imitado. Por isso, faz-se necessário armazenar essa cultura linguística por meio uma metodologia apropriada à coleta de dados que abrangem o espaço geográfico de quase 100.000 km2. Assim, esta tese busca documentar esse falar característico com a criação do Atlas Linguístico de Pernambuco, a fim de manter viva a memória linguística do Estado e oferecer subsídios para minimizar a escassez de trabalhos geolinguísticos sobre o falar pernambucano. Ousando caracterizar esse atlas estadual como pertencente à quarta geração, foram seguidos os pressupostos teóricos da Dialetologia contemporânea sob os auspícios metodológicos da Geolinguística Pluridimensional (THUN & ELIZAINCÍN, 2000) e, após a escolha de vinte pontos de inquéritos distribuídos em toda a extensão territorial de Pernambuco, foi aplicado o Questionário-padrão do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB), ao qual também foram acrescentadas questões semântico-lexicais de temas específicos da cultura do estado quais sejam frevo, maracatu, renascença e barro. Os oitenta e quatro informantes foram escolhidos segundo critérios preconizados por Cardoso (2010), com faixa etária de 18 a 30 anos e de 50 a 65 anos e escolaridade inferior ao sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental, adicionando-se os informantes de curso superior completo naturais da capital. Após as transcrições das respostas dos inquéritos, foram construídas 6 cartas introdutórias e 105 cartas linguísticas, divididas em 50 cartas fonéticas, 47 cartas semântico-lexicais e 8 cartas morfossintáticas, que possibilitaram o registro cartográfico das ocorrências mais relevantes.

Orientador: Ataliba Teixeira de Castilho<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T03:47:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_VandersiSant'Ana_D.pdf: 4135426 bytes, checksum: 5711735dd57d8eb65e3d2f47788e3fce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: O dialeto caipira, descrito por Amadeu Amaral em 1920, era falado na antiga província de São Paulo até por volta do final do século XIX. Conforme Amaral, o dialeto, que teve grande vigor, vai perdendo terreno a partir das últimas décadas do século XIX, em conseqüência das profundas alterações que se verificam no meio social, estando ¿condenado a desaparecer em prazo mais ou menos breve¿ (Amaral 1920 / 1982: 42). A previsão de Amaral, todavia, não parece ter se concretizado. Em 1974, Rodrigues (1974) atesta a vitalidade do dialeto na região de Piracicaba. Retomando essa linha de investigação, nosso estudo procura verificar a presença de traços fonéticos e lexicais do dialeto caipira em Minas Gerais e no Paraná, com base nos dados do Esboço de um atlas lingüístico de Minas Gerais (Ribeiro et alii 1977) e do Atlas lingüístico do Paraná (Aguilera 1994). As duas áreas são relevantes para essa investigação pela sua proximidade geográfica com São Paulo e pelas relações históricas que envolvem os paulistas no processo de povoamento desses dois Estados vizinhos. Quanto ao nível fonético, nosso estudo se concentrou em cinco variantes: o ¿r caipira¿ ou retroflexo em final de sílaba e em posição intervocálica; o rotacismo da lateral em final de sílaba e em encontro consonantal; o apagamento do /r/ em final de palavra; a iotização da lateral palatal; a redução da proparoxítona. Quanto ao nível lexical, foram exploradas as possibilidades específicas de cada um dos atlas examinados (ex.: cambota, cuitelo, arco-da-velha). Analisado o corpus, constatamos a ocorrência das cinco variantes fonéticas mencionadas, tanto em Minas como no Paraná. Quatro dessas variantes ¿ o rotacismo, a apócope do /r/, a iotização da lateral palatal e a redução da proparoxítona ¿ mostraram uma distribuição mais geral nas áreas estudadas. Somente o ¿r caipira¿ exibe o caráter de uma variante mais propriamente geográfica no interior de cada território estudado, ocorrendo em áreas que refletem a influência paulista, ou por se encontrarem próximas a São Paulo, e/ou porque historicamente correspondem a áreas de penetração dos paulistas. A ocorrência simultânea das outras variantes fonéticas estudadas e de variantes lexicais nessas áreas contribui para caracterizá-las de forma mais consistente como possíveis áreas de resistência do dialeto caipira. Pesquisas complementares focalizando outras variantes do dialeto caipira poderão verificar a consistência dessa caracterização<br>Abstract:The Brazilian "Caipira" dialect, described by Amadeu Amaral in 1920, was spoken in what used to be the province of São Paulo until around the end of the XIX century. According to Amaral, this dialect, which was once quite wide-spread, started loosing ground in the final decades of the XIX century, due to the profound changes that occurred in the social milieu, and was "condemned to disappear in a relatively short time" (Amaral 1920 / 1982: 42). Amaral's prediction, however, does not seem to have been fulfilled. In 1974, Rodrigues (1974) verified the vitality of the dialect in the area of Piracicaba (SP). Continuing with this line of research, the present study investigates the presence of some phonetic and lexical features of the "Caipira" dialect in the Portuguese spoken in the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná (Brazil), based on the data of the Esboço de um atlas lingüístico de Minas Gerais (Ribeiro et alii 1977) and of the Atlas lingüístico do Paraná (Aguilera 1994). These two areas are relevant due to their geographic vicinity to the state of São Paulo, as well as the historic relations, during the process of settlement, of these two neighbouring States with the "Paulistas". On the phonetic level, our study was concentrated on five variants: the "caipira r" (or retroflex r) in intervocalic position and in coda; the replacement of the palatal lateral for a rhotic in coda and in consonant cluster; the deletion of /r/ in word endings; the replacement of [??] for [??]; the reduction of words that bear antepenultimate stress. On the lexical level, we explored the specific possibilities of each one of the atlases under examination (ex.: cambota, cuitelo, arco-da-velha). In our corpus analysis, we have attested the occurrence of all of the five phonetic variants mentioned, both in the states of Minas and Paraná. The last four of these variants have shown a more general distribution in the areas under study. Only the "caipira r" seems to be a true geographic variant in the interior of both territories analysed. It occurs in areas which reflect the influence of the "Paulistas", because these areas are close to the state of São Paulo and/or because historically they are areas where the "Paulistas" had been. The simultaneous occurrence of the other phonetic variants under study as well as of lexical variants in these areas suggests that these are areas of resistance of the "Caipira" dialect.<br>Doutorado<br>Linguistica<br>Doutor em Linguística

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ<br>O Atlas LinguÃstico LÃxico-semÃntico de Iguatu documenta a linguagem regional falada nessa localidade, com o objetivo de analisar as variaÃÃes lexicais na linguagem, tanto na zona rural quanto na zona urbana de Iguatu, elaborar cartas lÃxicas equivalentes aos campos semÃnticos trabalhados para constituir o Atlas e oferecer subsÃdios importantes para a pesquisa GeolinguÃstica no Brasil e para os estudos da LÃngua Portuguesa falada. Este trabalho fundamentou-se nos pressupostos da Dialetologia moderna, atravÃs de autores como AragÃo, Coseriu e Ferreira e Cardoso e da GeolinguÃstica pluridimensional, atravÃs de Cardoso, Mota e Radtke & Thun. A pesquisa possui uma malha de 06 pontos de inquÃritos, divididos em 04 pontos na zona urbana e 02 na zona rural. Em cada ponto, foram entrevistados 04 informantes, 02 do sexo masculino e 02 do sexo feminino, pertencentes a duas faixas etÃrias distintas, a primeira entre 18 e 30 anos, e a segunda entre 45 e 60 anos. AlÃm de pertencerem à escolaridade entre sem nenhuma instruÃÃo e 9 ano do Ensino fundamental. A escolha dos pontos e a caracterizaÃÃo dos informantes baseiam-se nas orientaÃÃes do Projeto ALiB (Atlas LinguÃstico do Brasil), bem como o QuestionÃrio SemÃntico Lexical (QSL) para a obtenÃÃo dos itens lexicais, a ficha da localidade e do informante. O arquivamento e transcriÃÃo do corpus seguiu as mesmas orientaÃÃes do ALiB, as gravaÃÃes foram feitas em lugares apropriados para os informantes. O atlas compÃe-se de 53 cartas divididas em cartas geogrÃficas e semÃntico-lexicais em que se apresenta a variaÃÃo lexical de itens sugeridos no QSL do Projeto ALiB e sua frequÃncia de realizaÃÃo entre os informantes.<br>The lexical-semantical linguistic Atlas of Iguatu registers the local speech of the place, allowing to analyse lexical variation in language, in both the rural and the urban areas, ellaborate lexical charts equivalent to the semantic fields used to build the Atlas and offer important data to Geolinguistic research in Brazil and to the studies on Spoken Portuguese. This work is based in claims of modern Dialectology, such as exposed in authors as AragÃo, Coseriu and Ferreira and Cardoso, and of pluridimensional Geolingusitics, as mentioned by Cardoso, Mota and Radtke and Thun. This research involves 06 places in which inquiery takes place, 04 of which in the urban area, the other 02 in the rural area. In each place 04 informers were interviewed, 02 men and 02 women, belonging to 02 distinct age groups, from 18 to 30 years old and from 45 to 60 years old. The years the informers spent at school varies from none to 09 years (Fundamental School). Places and informers were chosen according to orientation from the AliB Project (Linguistic Atlas of Brazil), as well as the Lexical-Semantical Questionnaire (LSQ), through which lexical items were to be obtained, and both the placesâ and the informersâdescription. The archiving and the transcription of the corpus were also made according to AliB orientation, and registrations were made on appropriate places to informers. The Atlas of Iguatu has 53 lingusitic charts, divided in geographic charts and lexical-semantical ones. In them figures lexical variation of items suggested by the LSQ of the AliB Project and the frequency with which they occur among informers.

A presente tese tem como objetivo descrever a norma semântico-lexical presente em nove municípios Aruanã, Caldas Novas, Cidade de Goiás, Goiandira, Ipameri, Mineiros, Morrinhos, Pirenópolis e Trindade, com vistas ao Atlas Semântico-Lexical do Estado de Goiás. Com esse intuito, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo, característica de todos os trabalhos de natureza geolinguística, para a recolha do corpus oral. O extenso território goiano vem crescendo economicamente desde a época das bandeiras e expedições jesuíticas. O ritmo da concentração rural e urbana cada vez mais crescente e acelerado vem acarretando expressivas mudanças no cenário cultural e linguístico do estado. Por isso, faz-se necessário resgatar e registrar o quanto antes, a variação semântico-lexical dessas localidades, iniciandose, assim, a elaboração de um Atlas Linguístico no Estado de Goiás, como forma de se registrar a memória linguística das comunidades goianas. Com base no referencial teóricometodológico da Geolinguística contemporânea, aplicou-se o Questionário Semântico- Lexical do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil, versão 2001, a trinta e seis sujeitosentrevistados subdivididos em duas faixas etárias 18 a 30 e 50 a 65 anos de idade, em dois gêneros masculino e feminino. Um banco de dados semântico-lexical foi elaborado com as respostas obtidas nas entrevistas. Posteriormente, os dados foram descritos e documentados em 202 cartogramas linguísticos, com a finalidade de se apresentar os resultados da variedade semântico-lexical do falar dos pontos pesquisados. Dada a natureza do trabalho, adotou-se, também, o referencial teórico de Lexicologia presente em Barbosa e a noção de norma proposta por Coseriu. Para o tratameno quantitativo dos dados, sobretudo com relação às noções de frequência, recorreu-se a Muller. Chegou-se a resultados significativos como, 14 itens lexicais com 100% de frequência relativa; e 100 itens lexicais com frequência igual ou superior a 50% e distribuição regular. Esses resultados apontam não apenas a norma semântico-lexical dos pontos pesquisados, como também constituem um retrato parcial do falar goiano.<br>This thesis aims to describe the semantic-lexical standard present in nine towns Aruanã, Caldas Novas, Goiás, Goiandira, Ipameri, Mineiros, Morrinhos, Pirenópolis and Trindade, considering the Semantic-Lexical Atlas of Goiás State. Based on this plan, a field research was developed, as it naturally happens in all geolinguistic works for the collection of the oral corpus. The Goiás extensive territory has been growing enormously economically since the Jesuit expeditions time. The increasing rate of the rural and urban concentrations has been bringing on significant changes in the state cultural and linguistic scenario. Therefore, it is necessary to rescue and register the semantic-lexical variation of these localities as soon as possible, and consequently start the development of a Linguistic Atlas in the state of Goiás as a way to register the linguistic memory of the communities of Goiás. Based on the theoretical-methodological referential of the Contemporary Geolinguistic, the Semantic- Lexical Questionnaire of the Brazilian Linguistic Atlas Project, version 2001, was applied to thirty six individuals who were interviewed and separated into two age levels, from 18 to 30 and from 50 to 65, and also genders, male and female. A semantic-lexical data base was elaborated with the answers obtained from the interviews. The data were later described and documented into 202 linguistic cartograms aiming to present the results of the semanticlexical linguistic variety of the researched aspects. Given the nature of this work, the Lexicology theoretic referential present in Barbosa was adopted, and the conception of regulation proposed by Coseriu. Significant results were raised, such as 14 lexical items with 100% relative frequency, and 100 lexical items with an equal or superior 50% frequency and a regular distribution. Not only do these results show a semantic-lexical regulation of the issues researched, but they also constitute a partial picture of the goiano way of speaking.

Programa Institucional de CapacitaÃao Docente e TÃcnica<br>CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>A lÃngua e o seu jeito prÃprio de falar e de designar as coisas produzem uma riqueza enorme de variantes linguÃsticas, tambÃm patrimÃnio histÃrico-cultural da sociedade, que precisam sempre ser perpetuadas atravÃs do seu registro. Partindo desse pressuposto, a pesquisa em foco tem como objetivo geral elaborar o Atlas LinguÃstico do Centro-Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte. Para conseguir tal propÃsito, foram estabelecidos objetivos especÃficos tais como identificar as variÃveis extralinguÃsticas (diastrÃtica, diassexual e diageracional) nos fenÃmenos fonÃticos e lexicais; descrever a realidade do portuguÃs do Centro-Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte para identificar fenÃmenos fonÃticos e semÃntico-lexicais, que caracterizam diferenciaÃÃes ou definem a unidade linguÃstica no Estado. Esta pesquisa tem como fundamentaÃÃo teÃrico-metodolÃgica os pressupostos da Dialetologia e da GeolinguÃstica pluridimensional e relacional (Radke e Thun, 1996), em consonÃncia, principalmente, com os ideais do Projeto Atlas LinguÃstico do Brasil (ALiB) e do Projeto Atlas LinguÃstico do Rio Grande do Norte (AliRN). Considerando os dados socioeconÃmicos e culturais particulares da regiÃo pesquisada, foram selecionados oito pontos de inquÃritos: quatro da MesorregiÃo do Oeste Potiguar (MossorÃ, Apodi, Pau dos Ferros e JanduÃs) e quatro da MesorregiÃo Central Potiguar (Macau, Angicos, Currais Novos e CaicÃ). O critÃrio dessa escolha foi, primeiramente, o da importÃncia dos aspectos demogrÃficos, histÃricos, geogrÃficos, polÃticos, econÃmicos e culturais e a influÃncia delas sobre os outros municÃpios da regiÃo. Adotou-se, tambÃm, o critÃrio da equidistÃncia aproximada. Ou seja, todas as localidades foram distribuÃdas de uma maneira que abrangesse todo Centro-Oeste Potiguar, com uma distÃncia entre elas, de pelo menos, 70 km. Para a realizaÃÃo da pesquisa de campo, foram selecionados 32 informantes, levando em conta: a) sexo: para cada ponto, foram entrevistados dois homens e duas mulheres (um homem e uma mulher de cada geraÃÃo), fazendo um total de 4 informantes por localidade; b) faixa etÃria: foi distribuÃda em duas geraÃÃes: G1 (geraÃÃo de jovens de 18 a 32 anos) e G2 (geraÃÃo de adultos entre 48 a 62 anos). Em cada ponto, foram selecionados dois informantes da G1 e dois da G2; c) escolaridade: foram escolhidos os informantes com escolaridade igual ou inferior ao 9Â ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para todos esses informantes, foram aplicados dois questionÃrios (fonÃtico-fonolÃgico e semÃnticolexical) com o objetivo de coletar dados, possibilitando, assim, a elaboraÃÃo das 147 cartas linguÃsticas (84 lÃxicas e 63 fonÃticas) que formam o Atlas em foco e mostram a diversidade do falar da regiÃo pesquisada. Desse modo, esta pesquisa traz grandes contribuiÃÃes, pois registra a riqueza linguÃstica existente nas localidades pesquisadas e permite que o conhecimento da realidade linguÃstica seja constantemente aprofundado, por exemplo, pelos professores, levando os alunos ao domÃnio das variantes de prestÃgio, sem desprestigiar os seus falares de origem, contribuindo, assim para o ensino eficiente e eficaz da lÃngua materna na regiÃo em foco.<br>Language and its proper manners of speaking produce rich possibilities of language variations. It is also a historical and cultural patrimony of a society and it needs to be perpetuated though a registration process. Based on this presupposition, this research aims at elaborating a Center-West Rio Grande do Norte Region Atlas. In order to accomplish this purpose, a few goals were established to identify extralinguistic variations (diastropic, diasexual and diageneric) in phonetic and lexical phenomena. The main aim is to describe the real Portuguese language of Center-West of Rio Grande do Norte to identify phonetic, semantic and lexical phenomena, which characterize differentiations or can define Rio Grande do Norte State. This research has as theoretical and methodological foundations the Dialectology and Pluridimensional and Geolinguistic Relations (RADKE e THUN, 1996), in consonance, mainly, with the ideals of the Brazilian Atlas Project (Alib in Portuguese) and Rio Grande do Norte Atlas Linguistic Project (ALiRN in Portuguese). Considering socioeconomic and cultural data, eight places of inquiries were chosen: four in West Potiguar Mesoregion (MossorÃ, Apodi, Pau dos Ferros and JanduÃs) and four in Central Potiguar Mesoregion (Macau, Angicos, Currais Novos and CaicÃ). The criteria for this choice was, firstly, the relevance of demographic, historical, geographic, political, economic and cultural aspects and theirs influence on cities of that regions. We also adopted an approximate equidistance criterion. It means that all places were distributed in way that all Potiguar Center West region could be considered, with a distance, among them, of at least, 70 km. In order to accomplish this field research, 32 informants were selected, taking into account: a) gender â in each location were interviewed two men and two women (a man and a woman of each generation), a total of 4 informants for place; b) age â were distributed in two generations: G1 (generation of young people from 18 to 32 years old) and G2 (generation of adults between 48 to 62 years old). In each location two informants were selected from G1 and two from G2; c) schooling â two informants were chosen with schooling equal or inferior to 9th year of Elementary School. To all those informants were applied two (phonetic-phonological and semantic-lexical) questionnaires with the aim of collecting data, providing, thus, an elaboration of 147 (84 lexical and 63 phonetic) linguistic charts which compose the Atlas and show the diversity of speaking of the region. This research brings meaningful contributions, considering that it records the existent linguistic richness in the researched location and allows the knowledge of linguistic reality that can be constantly accessed by, for example, teachers, taking into account the domains of prestigious varieties without prejudice to studentsâ speaking origin, contributing, thus, to an efficient and effective language teaching in the analyzed region.

SILVA, Moisés Batista da. Atlas Linguístico do centro-oeste Potiguar. 2012. 329f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2012.<br>Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-06-10T13:19:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_mbsilva.pdf: 5544384 bytes, checksum: b6993ba1bd4b12e95059b45ada2745c8 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-06-10T13:34:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_mbsilva.pdf: 5544384 bytes, checksum: b6993ba1bd4b12e95059b45ada2745c8 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-10T13:34:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_mbsilva.pdf: 5544384 bytes, checksum: b6993ba1bd4b12e95059b45ada2745c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012<br>Language and its proper manners of speaking produce rich possibilities of language variations. It is also a historical and cultural patrimony of a society and it needs to be perpetuated though a registration process. Based on this presupposition, this research aims at elaborating a Center-West Rio Grande do Norte Region Atlas. In order to accomplish this purpose, a few goals were established to identify extralinguistic variations (diastropic, diasexual and diageneric) in phonetic and lexical phenomena. The main aim is to describe the real Portuguese language of Center-West of Rio Grande do Norte to identify phonetic, semantic and lexical phenomena, which characterize differentiations or can define Rio Grande do Norte State. This research has as theoretical and methodological foundations the Dialectology and Pluridimensional and Geolinguistic Relations (RADKE e THUN, 1996), in consonance, mainly, with the ideals of the Brazilian Atlas Project (Alib in Portuguese) and Rio Grande do Norte Atlas Linguistic Project (ALiRN in Portuguese). Considering socioeconomic and cultural data, eight places of inquiries were chosen: four in West Potiguar Mesoregion (Mossoró, Apodi, Pau dos Ferros and Janduís) and four in Central Potiguar Mesoregion (Macau, Angicos, Currais Novos and Caicó). The criteria for this choice was, firstly, the relevance of demographic, historical, geographic, political, economic and cultural aspects and theirs influence on cities of that regions. We also adopted an approximate equidistance criterion. It means that all places were distributed in way that all Potiguar Center West region could be considered, with a distance, among them, of at least, 70 km. In order to accomplish this field research, 32 informants were selected, taking into account: a) gender – in each location were interviewed two men and two women (a man and a woman of each generation), a total of 4 informants for place; b) age – were distributed in two generations: G1 (generation of young people from 18 to 32 years old) and G2 (generation of adults between 48 to 62 years old). In each location two informants were selected from G1 and two from G2; c) schooling – two informants were chosen with schooling equal or inferior to 9th year of Elementary School. To all those informants were applied two (phonetic-phonological and semantic-lexical) questionnaires with the aim of collecting data, providing, thus, an elaboration of 147 (84 lexical and 63 phonetic) linguistic charts which compose the Atlas and show the diversity of speaking of the region. This research brings meaningful contributions, considering that it records the existent linguistic richness in the researched location and allows the knowledge of linguistic reality that can be constantly accessed by, for example, teachers, taking into account the domains of prestigious varieties without prejudice to students’ speaking origin, contributing, thus, to an efficient and effective language teaching in the analyzed region.<br>A língua e o seu jeito próprio de falar e de designar as coisas produzem uma riqueza enorme de variantes linguísticas, também patrimônio histórico-cultural da sociedade, que precisam sempre ser perpetuadas através do seu registro. Partindo desse pressuposto, a pesquisa em foco tem como objetivo geral elaborar o Atlas Linguístico do Centro-Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte. Para conseguir tal propósito, foram estabelecidos objetivos específicos tais como identificar as variáveis extralinguísticas (diastrática, diassexual e diageracional) nos fenômenos fonéticos e lexicais; descrever a realidade do português do Centro-Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte para identificar fenômenos fonéticos e semântico-lexicais, que caracterizam diferenciações ou definem a unidade linguística no Estado. Esta pesquisa tem como fundamentação teórico-metodológica os pressupostos da Dialetologia e da Geolinguística pluridimensional e relacional (Radke e Thun, 1996), em consonância, principalmente, com os ideais do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB) e do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Rio Grande do Norte (AliRN). Considerando os dados socioeconômicos e culturais particulares da região pesquisada, foram selecionados oito pontos de inquéritos: quatro da Mesorregião do Oeste Potiguar (Mossoró, Apodi, Pau dos Ferros e Janduís) e quatro da Mesorregião Central Potiguar (Macau, Angicos, Currais Novos e Caicó). O critério dessa escolha foi, primeiramente, o da importância dos aspectos demográficos, históricos, geográficos, políticos, econômicos e culturais e a influência delas sobre os outros municípios da região. Adotou-se, também, o critério da equidistância aproximada. Ou seja, todas as localidades foram distribuídas de uma maneira que abrangesse todo Centro-Oeste Potiguar, com uma distância entre elas, de pelo menos, 70 km. Para a realização da pesquisa de campo, foram selecionados 32 informantes, levando em conta: a) sexo: para cada ponto, foram entrevistados dois homens e duas mulheres (um homem e uma mulher de cada geração), fazendo um total de 4 informantes por localidade; b) faixa etária: foi distribuída em duas gerações: G1 (geração de jovens de 18 a 32 anos) e G2 (geração de adultos entre 48 a 62 anos). Em cada ponto, foram selecionados dois informantes da G1 e dois da G2; c) escolaridade: foram escolhidos os informantes com escolaridade igual ou inferior ao 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para todos esses informantes, foram aplicados dois questionários (fonético-fonológico e semânticolexical) com o objetivo de coletar dados, possibilitando, assim, a elaboração das 147 cartas linguísticas (84 léxicas e 63 fonéticas) que formam o Atlas em foco e mostram a diversidade do falar da região pesquisada. Desse modo, esta pesquisa traz grandes contribuições, pois registra a riqueza linguística existente nas localidades pesquisadas e permite que o conhecimento da realidade linguística seja constantemente aprofundado, por exemplo, pelos professores, levando os alunos ao domínio das variantes de prestígio, sem desprestigiar os seus falares de origem, contribuindo, assim para o ensino eficiente e eficaz da língua materna na região em foco.

A região do Grande ABC paulista, formada por sete municípios - Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra -, tem uma importância considerável no contexto sócio-políticoeconômico- cultural do Brasil. Dentre outras características, percebe-se a grande mobilidade da população, fazendo crer que, atualmente, na região do Grande ABC, há poucos usuários que falam a norma da região. Por isso, faz-se necessário resgatar, o mais rápido possível, a variação semântico-lexical da língua falada no Grande ABC, como forma de se registrar a memória lingüística da comunidade dessa região. A presente tese busca registrar parte desse cabedal lingüístico e tem por objetivo geral descrever a norma semântico-lexical da região do Grande ABC paulista, com vistas ao Atlas Semântico-Lexical da Região do Grande ABC. Com base nos postulados da Geolingüística contemporânea, aplicou-se o Questionário Semântico-Lexical do Projeto ALiB, versão 2001, em nove pontos da região a 36 sujeitos subdivididos em duas faixas etárias - 18 a 30 e 50 a 65 anos de idade - e nos dois gêneros - feminino e masculino. Com as respostas obtidas nas entrevistas, elaborou-se um banco de dados semântico-lexical, disponível em CD-ROM, e, posteriormente, foram os dados tratados e documentados cartograficamente, a fim de que se pudesse elaborar o quadro da diversidade semântico-lexical do falar da região do Grande ABC. Além do referencial teórico-metodológico da Geolingüística e da Lexicologia, a partir de obras de Pottier e Barbosa, utilizou-se a abordagem de Norma efetuada por Coseriu, e complementou-se com noções de Estatística Lexical, propostas por Muller, sobretudo as referentes a freqüência. Ao final, chegou-se a um conjunto de 202 cartogramas lingüísticos, que não apenas revelam a norma semântico-lexical do Grande ABC, como também constituem um retrato, ainda que parcial, do falar paulista.<br>Located in the state of São Paulo, the region known as the Great ABC paulista is comprised of seven cities: Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires and Rio Grande da Serra. This region has considerable importance in the sociopolitical and economic-cultural contexts in Brazil. Among a number of characteristics, is possible to think that the great populational mobility in this region make possible to believe that, nowadays, there are few users of the linguistic norm of the region. That is the reason why it is necessary to rescue the semantic-lexical variation of the language spoken in the Great ABC area, as a way of registering this community\'s linguistic memory. This work attempts to register part of this linguistic ensemble and its general objective is the description of the semantic-lexical norm of the Great ABC paulista region, in order to build the Semantic- Lexical Atlas of the Great ABC region. Based on the postulates of contemporary Geolinguistics, we have applied the Semantic-Lexical Questionnaire of the AliB Project, version 2001, in nine points of the region, on 36 subjects belonging to both genders - female and male - and subdivided in two age groups - people aged between 18 and 30, and between 50 and 65. The answers obtained during the interviews were the basis for the elaboration of a semantic-lexical database, available on CD-ROM. Afterwards, these data were cartographically treated and documented, so that it would be possible to have a panorama of the semantic-lexical diversity of the Great ABC region\'s speech. Besides the Geolinguistics and Lexicology theoretical and methodological references, such as works by Pottier and Barbosa, we have used the normative approach elaborated by Coseriu, and the notions of Lexical Statistics, proposed by Muller, mainly those concerning with frequency. At last, we have made 202 linguistic cartograms, which not only reveal the semantic-lexical norm of the Great ABC region, but also constitute a portrait, although partial, of the oral speech of the state of São Paulo.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:49:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jeiviane.pdf: 677303 bytes, checksum: 966a21839bf24bd680d5fbd9dca8592d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27<br>Registering the dialects of a region is the goal of researches based on linguistic geography. This work is part of that proposal and, therefore, presents the Linguistic Atlas of the dialects of the Upper Rio Negro microregion, belonging to the meso northern Amazonas, comprising the cities of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro and Barcelos. To achieve this aim, the work was carried out considering the principles of multidimensional dialectology and multilingualcontext of the indigenous people of that Amazon area. In each country surveyed, except the town of Barcelos that, having been investigated by Cruz (2004), did not serve as a point of inquiry in this study, the phonetic-phonological Linguistic Atlas of the Amazon (ALAM) questionnaire was applied for six respondents with low education level, until 5th grade of elementary school, bilingual in the native language and Portuguese language, being a man and a woman between 18 and 35, 36 and 55, and 56 onwards. The corpus collected was manually transcribed and reviewed and then inserted in the database of the Mapping Linguistic Variation (MVL) computer program, developed for the ALAM for the elaboration of the phonetic letters. The results, among other characteristics, indicate the closed realization of the anterior and posterior medium vowels in prestressed context, even in environments conducive to raising; for the monophthongization of the diphthongs [ey] and [ow]; to perform the post-vowel -R in the middle of word as glottal fricative, which also presents itself in some situations such as a multiple vibrant, and the palatalization of -S in coda. With the dialects of Portuguese registered in the two cities investigated, we intend to contribute to the understanding of the linguistic reality in Amazonas, emphasizing the pronunciation features of the Upper Rio Negro, an area of multilingualism and, therefore, of intense complexity.<br>Registrar os falares de uma região é o objetivo de pesquisadas baseadas na geografia linguística. O presente trabalho insere-se nessa proposta e, por isso, apresenta o Atlas Linguístico dos falares da microrregião do Alto Rio Negro, pertencente à mesorregião Norte Amazonense, que compreende os municípios de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro e Barcelos. Para alcançar tal proposta, o trabalho foi realizado considerando os princípios da dialetologia pluridimensional e o contexto multilíngue dos povos indígenas dessa área amazônica. Em cada localidade pesquisada, com exceção da cidade de Barcelos que, por ter sido investigada por Cruz (2004), não serviu como ponto de inquérito nesse trabalho, foi aplicado o questionário fonético-fonológico do Atlas Linguístico do Amazonas (ALAM), para seis informantes, com baixo nível de escolaridade, até 5° ano do Ensino Fundamental, bilíngues em língua indígena e língua portuguesa, sendo um homem e uma mulher entre 18 e 35 anos, 36 e 55 anos e 56 em diante. O corpus coletado foi transcrito e revisado manualmente e, depois, inserido, para elaboração das cartas fonéticas, no banco de dados do programa computacional Mapeamento de Variação Linguística (MVL), desenvolvido para o ALAM. Os resultados, dentre outras características, apontam para a realização fechada das vogais médias anterior e posterior em contexto pretônico, mesmo em ambientes propícios ao alçamento; para a monotongação dos ditongos [ey] e [ow]; para a realização do R pós-vocálico, no meio de vocábulo, como fricativa glotal, apresentando-se também em algumas situações como vibrante múltipla e para a palatalização do S em coda silábica. Pretende-se, com os falares do português registrados nas duas cidades investigadas, contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento da realidade linguística do Amazonas, destacando características de pronúncia do Alto Rio Negro, espaço de multilinguismo e, por isso, de intensa complexidade.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-04T20:54:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isadora Massad Giani Pinheiro - 2016.pdf: 2015934 bytes, checksum: d6e918e92682e48b46f6170a6b396b1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T12:17:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isadora Massad Giani Pinheiro - 2016.pdf: 2015934 bytes, checksum: d6e918e92682e48b46f6170a6b396b1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T12:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isadora Massad Giani Pinheiro - 2016.pdf: 2015934 bytes, checksum: d6e918e92682e48b46f6170a6b396b1d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq<br>This work presents the description of some phonological aspects in the southern region of Goiás State, in the cities of Orizona, Pires do Rio, Ipameri, Catalão, Três Ranchos, Corumbaíba, Buriti Alegre, Caldas Novas, Mineiros, Rio Verde, Jataí, Itumbiara, Cachoeira Dourada, Quirinópolis, São Simão, Edéia, Paraúna and Vianópolis. The analysis resulted from the answers given in the ALINGO (Linguistic Atlas of Goiás). For pedagogical reasons, these aspects were separated regarding the vowels, the syllables and the consonants. The observations performed about the vowels were related to the phonological possibilities for the phoneme /o/ in pretonic position, which analyzed the different productions of words like “armpit” (sovaco), “ankle” (tornozelo), “sob” (soluço) and “dew” (orvalho). The issue concerning the syllables approaches the nasalization and the oralization of the syllable “-gem” in the end of the words. In this analysis, it was used the realization of “rain drought” (estiagem), “swill” (lavagem) and “pod” (vagem). The chapter about the consonants addressed the oscillation between the employment of /g/ and /k/ in the word “corncob” (sabugo) in the south of Goiás speech. As theoretical fundamentals of the hypothesis worked in each phenomenon, it were used, mainly, the Historical Grammar and the Descriptive Linguistics. To introduce these descriptive chapters presented and explained the concepts of vowel sounds, syllable and consonantal sounds in order to facilitate the comprehension of occurred phenomena. Before the descriptive analysis, in the first chapter, there is a historical background of studies related to the sounds, which presents the development of the main theories in this scope, including the ones used as theoretical basis.<br>Este trabalho apresenta a descrição de alguns aspectos fonológicos na região sul do estado de Goiás, nas cidade de Orizona, Pires do Rio, Ipameri, Catalão, Três Ranchos, Corumbaíba, Buriti Alegre, Caldas Novas, Mineiros, Rio Verde, Jataí, Itumbiara, Cachoeira Dourada, Quirinópolis, São Simão, Edéia, Paraúna e Vianópolis. As análises partiram de respostas dadas ao questionário do ALINGO – Atlas linguístico de Goiás. Por questões didáticas esses aspectos foram separados quanto às vogais, às sílabas e às consoantes. As observações realizadas sobre as vogais se relacionaram às possibilidades fonológicas para o fonema /o/ em posição pré-tônica, que analisou as diferentes produções das palavras “sovaco”, “tornozelo”, “soluço” e “orvalho”. A questão referente às sílabas aborda a nasalização e a oralização da sílaba “-gem” em final de palavras. Para essa análise foram utilizadas as realizações de “estiagem”, “lavagem” e “vagem” O capítulo a respeito das consoantes tratou da oscilação entre o emprego de /g/ e /k/ na palavra “sabugo” no falar do sul de Goiás. Como fundamentação teórica das hipóteses trabalhadas em cada um dos fenômenos utilizaram-se, principalmente, aspectos da Gramática Histórica e da Linguística descritiva. Para introduzir esses capítulos descritivos, foram apresentados e explanados os conceitos dos sons vocálicos, das sílabas e dos sons consonantais, a fim de facilitar a compreensão dos fenômenos ocorridos. Antes das análises descritivas, no primeiro capítulo, há um percurso histórico dos estudos referentes aos sons, que apresenta o desenvolvimento das principais teorias desse âmbito, inclusive das que foram utilizadas como aporte teórico.

Effective communication in a foreign language depends on more than knowing the rules of its lexicon, grammar, and phonology. It involves the processing of cultural as well as linguistic knowledge. Any form of communication (and language is one form of communication) has its own strategies. The strategies of language communication vary systematically across languages and cultures. The differences in the general ethos of one community as compared to another lead to differences in the strategies of communication, as certain aspects of the communicative properties of languages might be culture- and language-specific. As a result, foreign language learners might fail to communicate effectively in the foreign language. This failure seems to be greatly due to a transferance of the native-language communicative strategies to the foreign language. The most appropriate way to solve this problem as suggested in this thesis, alongside many other foreign language teachers and applied linguists, is contrastive language work through translation. Such approach makes possible the juxtaposition of the native language and the foreign language, thus allowing the students to see practically and for themselves the culturo-linguistic differences and similarities between the two languages. Otherwise, native language interference will persist and successful performance in the foreign language will not be achieved. The present study sets to investigate two major factors that seem to considerably affect Arab students' learning of English as a foreign language. First, the culturo- educational background which is almost totally ignored as being the second major factor affecting foreign language learning. Second, the linguistic (or mother tongue) factor which, though more researched, no appropriate solutions are yet provided. Due to culturo-educational influence --dealt with in the first part of this thesis-- Arab students tend to approach the foreign language in the same way they approach their native language. They seem to rely on memorization in the study of the foreign language and in their essay-writing. For this reason, they are often accused of plagiarism, a practice for which the blame should not be laid upon them alone. The Arab educational system should undergo- the biggest portion of the blame. Arab students, from a very young age and from the earliest educational stage, the kuttaab, are instructed basically orally and trained to rely heavily on their memories. Though such training suits young children and the major subject they are taught (Qurlan), it does not stop at this stage, nor does it confine itself to that particular subject. Rather, it escorts them up till university level and extends to most subjects. A solution to get over such a problem as to EFL teaching is suggested in the concluding chapter to this thesis. The second major factor affecting foreign language learning --dealt with in the second part of this thesis-- is the influence from the native language, which is seen to manifest itself on the two major levels of language: the micro and the macro levels. The micro level of language is that of the word and sentence. Influence at such a level appears from the early stages of foreign language learning. However, it is not as serious and as persistent as that at the macro level, ie. the discourse or text level. Here, Arab students often make grave deviations from the norms of the foreign language. Such deviations, their nature, and their cultural and linguistic background are discussed through the examination of the major rhetorical and textual characteristics pertaining to Arabic and English. Translation is proposed as an effective approach of teaching composition to advanced EFL students. Such approach, if applied methodically, will help students develop a much needed awareness of the textual pecularities of the, foreign language; an awareness which will sensitize them to the general linguistic differences and, in particular, those of composing that exist between their mother tongue and the foreign language. Besides, it will certainly help them enlarge more quickly and more practically their EFL lexical and idiomatic repertoire.

LIMA, Fabiana dos Santos. Atlas linguístico léxico-semântico de Iguatu (ALIg). 2009. 137f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguistica) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernaculas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.<br>Submitted by nazareno mesquita (nazagon36@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-07-09T14:36:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_diss_ FSLIMA.pdf: 4089481 bytes, checksum: 2e1298f75383d0a85acb6f77dd506d24 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-02T14:40:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_diss_ FSLIMA.pdf: 4089481 bytes, checksum: 2e1298f75383d0a85acb6f77dd506d24 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-02T14:40:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_diss_ FSLIMA.pdf: 4089481 bytes, checksum: 2e1298f75383d0a85acb6f77dd506d24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>The lexical-semantical linguistic Atlas of Iguatu registers the local speech of the place, allowing to analyse lexical variation in language, in both the rural and the urban areas, ellaborate lexical charts equivalent to the semantic fields used to build the Atlas and offer important data to Geolinguistic research in Brazil and to the studies on Spoken Portuguese. This work is based in claims of modern Dialectology, such as exposed in authors as Aragão, Coseriu and Ferreira and Cardoso, and of pluridimensional Geolingusitics, as mentioned by Cardoso, Mota and Radtke and Thun. This research involves 06 places in which inquiery takes place, 04 of which in the urban area, the other 02 in the rural area. In each place 04 informers were interviewed, 02 men and 02 women, belonging to 02 distinct age groups, from 18 to 30 years old and from 45 to 60 years old. The years the informers spent at school varies from none to 09 years (Fundamental School). Places and informers were chosen according to orientation from the AliB Project (Linguistic Atlas of Brazil), as well as the Lexical-Semantical Questionnaire (LSQ), through which lexical items were to be obtained, and both the places’ and the informers’description. The archiving and the transcription of the corpus were also made according to AliB orientation, and registrations were made on appropriate places to informers. The Atlas of Iguatu has 53 lingusitic charts, divided in geographic charts and lexical-semantical ones. In them figures lexical variation of items suggested by the LSQ of the AliB Project and the frequency with which they occur among informers.<br>O Atlas Linguístico Léxico-semântico de Iguatu documenta a linguagem regional falada nessa localidade, com o objetivo de analisar as variações lexicais na linguagem, tanto na zona rural quanto na zona urbana de Iguatu, elaborar cartas léxicas equivalentes aos campos semânticos trabalhados para constituir o Atlas e oferecer subsídios importantes para a pesquisa Geolinguística no Brasil e para os estudos da Língua Portuguesa falada. Este trabalho fundamentou-se nos pressupostos da Dialetologia moderna, através de autores como Aragão, Coseriu e Ferreira e Cardoso e da Geolinguística pluridimensional, através de Cardoso, Mota e Radtke & Thun. A pesquisa possui uma malha de 06 pontos de inquéritos, divididos em 04 pontos na zona urbana e 02 na zona rural. Em cada ponto, foram entrevistados 04 informantes, 02 do sexo masculino e 02 do sexo feminino, pertencentes a duas faixas etárias distintas, a primeira entre 18 e 30 anos, e a segunda entre 45 e 60 anos. Além de pertencerem à escolaridade entre sem nenhuma instrução e 9º ano do Ensino fundamental. A escolha dos pontos e a caracterização dos informantes baseiam-se nas orientações do Projeto ALiB (Atlas Linguístico do Brasil), bem como o Questionário Semântico Lexical (QSL) para a obtenção dos itens lexicais, a ficha da localidade e do informante. O arquivamento e transcrição do corpus seguiu as mesmas orientações do ALiB, as gravações foram feitas em lugares apropriados para os informantes. O atlas compõe-se de 53 cartas divididas em cartas geográficas e semântico-lexicais em que se apresenta a variação lexical de itens sugeridos no QSL do Projeto ALiB e sua frequência de realização entre os informantes.

In this thesis, I explore the use of copulas in non-copula constructions in the languages of South Asia to establish possible genetic and areal tendencies in the distribution. Using materials – language descriptions and data – from Grierson’s Linguistic Survey of India, I examine the phenomenon in 206 languages from four families (Munda, Dravidian, Indo-Aryan and Sino-Tibetan). It is found that the languages of South Asia appear to be more likely than the world-wide average to use the copula in non-copula constructions and that at least Munda, Dravidian and Indo-Aryan use it in the same way with regards to tense, namely in the past and present but not the future. Finally, I argue that there is some evidence supporting that the use of the copula in non-copula constructions is an areal feature, though more work is needed to make any definitive conclusions.

Esta tese teve como objetivo identificar a norma semântico-lexical de cinco municípios da Região Norte do Alto Tietê- ReNAT, no estado de São Paulo,e pauta-se pelos estudos dialetológicos, geolinguísticos e sociogeolinguísticos. O local da pesquisa, a antiga Vila de Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos, é atualmente uma região composta por cinco municípios: Guarulhos, Arujá, Santa Isabel, Mairiporã e Nazaré Paulista. Está situada na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, com exceção do quinto município, Nazaré Paulista, localizado na microrregião de Atibaia. A origem da região composta pelos cinco municípios, corpus do trabalho, remonta à época da fundação de São Paulo. Três municípios estão situados na região do Alto Tietê, ao norte do rio que leva o mesmo nome, por isso é denominada ReNAT. A vila era inicialmente povoada pelos índios Maromomis. A tese fundamentou-se nos trabalhos linguísticos voltados para a Dialetologia, a Geolinguística a Sociolinguística variacionista, a Sociolinguística interacional, a Semântica e a Lexicologia. Além do tratamento quantitativo dos dados, conforme a proposta de Muller, privilegiou a abordagem dos aspectos semânticos-lexicais a partir de Pottier e Rastier, e baseou-se na concepção de norma de Coseriu. Assim, de acordo com os procedimentos teórico-metodológicos atuais da Geolinguística e da Sociogeolinguística, aplicaram-se as 202 questões do questionário Semântico-Lexical (QSL) do projeto ALiB e, também, 31 questões do Questionário Semântico-Lexical do Projeto Estudo sociogeolinguístico do Município de São Paulo, elaborado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Dialetologia e Geolinguística (GPDG) da Universidade de São Paulo. As entrevistas foram desenvolvidas in loco, ou seja, nos seis pontos da pesquisa, localizados nos cinco municípios. As 233 questões, dos dois questionários, foram aplicadas a 24 sujeitos-entrevistados de ambos os gêneros masculino e feminino em duas faixas etárias, quais sejam: 18 a 30 anos e 50 a 65 anos. Os resultados estão apresentados em gráficos ou tabelas com informações de frequências absoluta e relativa. A esses dados, seguiu-se a análise interpretativa dos resultados de cada questão. As respostas dos sujeitos-entrevistados, bem como a localização destes estão registradas em 233 cartogramas linguísticos. Acredita-se que as palavras refletem a história dos sujeitos, confirmando que para a expressão linguística são exigidos fatores internos e estes estão associados a fatores externos à linguagem. Assim, a língua, conforme o espaço, variação diatópica, sofre variações. Toda a dinamicidade da língua é evidenciada sobretudo no léxico, nível linguístico que melhor expressa a mobilidade das estruturas sociais, o qual reflete a maneira como a sociedade vê e representa o mundo. Ao final da pesquisa, mostrou-se o quadro da diversidade linguística na região, constatando-se a variação semântico-lexical na ReNAT. Enfim, a tese registrou a realidade linguística dos cinco municípios que compõem a região pesquisada, com relação ao léxico utilizado pelos sujeitos-entrevistados. Sabe-se que a área pesquisada tem dimensões pequenas, mas, ainda assim, revela sua importância para os estudos sociogeolinguísticos, pois expressa a situação real de uso da linguagem do sujeito num espaço e momento determinado, e também denota as características sócio-histórico-culturais de uma comunidade linguística.<br>This thesis aims to identify the semantic and lexical norm of five counties of the North region of the High Tietê- ReNAT, in the state of São Paulo, and it is based on the dialectological, geolinguistic and sociogeolinguistic studies. The premise of the research, which is the ancient Vila de Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos, is currently composed of five counties: Guarulhos, Arujá, Santa Isabel, Mairiporã and Nazaré Paulista. It is located in the Great São Paulo area, except for Nazaré Paulista, that is situated in the micro region of Atibaia. The origin of the region composed of five counties, the corpus of this research goes back to the epoch of the foundation of São Paulo. Three counties are situated in the region of High Tietê, to the north of the river which takes the same name, that is why it is called ReNAT. This thesis has its fundamentals on the linguistic works featured by the dialectological and sociogeolinguistic studies focusing on the semantic and lexical aspect. The theory has been based on linguistic studies which have helped develop essays on Dialectology, Geolinguistic; Variational, Sociolinguistc; Interactional Sociolinguistic, Semantics and Lexicology. Besides the quantitative treatment of data, as of the studies of Muller, we have prioritized the approach of the lexical and semantic aspects, based on Pottier and Rastier, stemming from the conception of norm by the theory of Coseriu. Based on the recent methodological procedures of Geolinguistic and Sociogeolinguistic, 202 questions of the Semantic-Lexical (QSL) questionnaire of the ALIB project have been applied as well as the 31 questions of the questionnaire lexical-semantic of the Atlas of the São Paulo city (ALESP), created by the Grupo de Pesquisa em Dialetologia e Geolinguistica(GPDG) of the University of São Paulo. The interviews have been carried out in loco, that is, on the 6 places of research where the five counties belong to. The 233 questions of the 2 questionnaires were applied to 24 subjects of both genre- male and female- in two age brackets: from 18 to 30 and 50 to 65 years old. The results are presented in tables, graphs with information of absolute and relative frequency. To this data, followed the interpretative analysis of the results of each question. The answers of the interviewee- subjects are registered in 233 linguistic cartograms. It is believed that the words reflect the story of the individuals, confirming that to the linguistic expression are demanded the internal factors which are associated to the external factors of the language. Thus, language according to space, suffers variation and all this dynamism is evidenced on the lexicon- the linguistic level that better expresses the mobility of the social structures, which reflects the way the society sees and represents the world. A the end of this research, we have shown the picture of linguistic diversity of the aimed region by proving the variation of the ReNAT. At last, this research has registered the linguistic reality of the five counties that compose the region as to the lexicon used by the subjects interviewed. The studied area has small dimensions, but, even so, it reveals great importance to socio-geo-linguistic studies , for, they express the real usage of language in a certain space and time as well as the socio-historical and cultural features of a linguistic community.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>O Potigrafone e um transdutor de estados finitos que faz a transcriÃÃo automÃtica das formas grÃficas da lÃngua portuguesa para as formas fonÃticas da variedade linguÃstica potiguar. Com o desenvolvimento desse sistema, conseguimos identificar e separar os padrÃes fonÃticos da variedade linguÃstica potiguar, atravÃs do Atlas linguÃstico do Centro-Oeste potiguar e no Atlas GeolinguÃstico do Litoral Potiguar; apresentar uma ferramenta de transcriÃÃo fonÃtica utilizando o alfabeto fonÃtico Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA) e, alem disso, conseguimos avaliar o desempenho do sistema em corpus de textos escritos de lÃngua portuguesa por meio de duas medidas multinÃveis: Exact Match Ratio e Labelling Fscore. Para isso, foram atendidos passos fundamentais: primeiro, foram necessÃrias a identificaÃÃo e a separaÃÃo dos padrÃes fonolÃgicos presentes nas cartas fonÃticas dos Atlas supracitados; segundo, a definiÃÃo de alguns critÃrios pertinentes as entradas (inputs) do sistema; terceiro, a implementaÃÃo das regras que relacionam a forma subjacente com a forma superficial e; por Ãltimo, a escolha das duas medidas adequadas a avaliaÃÃo de um sistema que apresentava mais de uma forma de transcriÃÃo. Os resultados mostram que o desempenho do Potigrafone foi de 81% para a medida Exact Match Ratio e 89% para a medida Labelling FScore, apresentando, assim, boa performance na exatidÃo e nos acertos totais e parciais, no que se refere a transcriÃÃo sem a marcaÃÃo da silaba tÃnica e sem os fenÃmenos fonÃticos da nasalidade, da palatalizaÃÃo, da ditongaÃÃo, da monotongaÃÃo, do apagamento, da epÃntese; outro resultado importante e que os mÃdulos de consoantes e de nÃcleo silÃbico tambÃm interferem no desempenho, uma vez que os valores com todos os mÃdulos e sem esses dois mÃdulos se assemelham. O Potigrafone apresenta bom desempenho na transcriÃÃo fonÃtica, mas existem alguns erros pontuais que torna necessÃrio a constituiÃÃo de novas regras para corrigi-los e, consequentemente, melhorar o desempenho do sistema, tanto na exatidÃo quanto na correspondÃncia total e parcial da transcriÃÃo.<br>The Potigrafone is a finite-state transducer that automatically transcripts the graphic forms from the Portuguese language to the phonetic forms belonging to theâpotiguarâ linguistic variety. It was through the development of this system, by using of the Atlas LinguÃstico do Centro-Oeste Potiguar and to the Atlas GeolinguÃstico do Litoral Potiguar, that it has been possible to identify and separate the phonetic patterns in the linguistic variety belonging to the studied region, presenting a phonetic transcription tool while using the Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet - SAMPA; and, in addition, a performance assessment in the corpus of written texts in Portuguese has been made through the use of two multi-level measures: Exact Match Ratio and Labelling Fscore. To do so, the identification and separation of phonological patterns present in the phonetic letters of Atlas, the definition of some relevant criteria to inputs in the system, the implementation of rules relating to underlying form with the surface form and, also, two system evaluation measures have been needed. The results have showed that the Potigrafone performance was 81% for the Exact Match Ratio measurement and 89% for the Labelling FScore, presenting thus, increased accuracy in total or partial correct attempts, when the transcript is made without stress markup and without the phonetic phenomena of nasality, the palatalization, the diphthongization, the monophthongization, the deletion, the epenthesis; another important result is that the consonant modules and the syllabic core also interfere with this performance, since the values with all modules and without these two modules are similar. The Potigrafone performs well during the phonetic transcription, but there are some occasional errors that have made necessary the creation of new rules to correct them and, consequently, help to improve the system performance, both in accuracy and in full and partial transcription match.

A presente tese tem como objetivo descrever o falar nipo-brasileiro em cinco comunidades do Distrito Federal com vistas à construção do Esboço do Atlas do Falar dos Nipo-Brasileiros do Distrito Federal: aspecto semântico-lexical. O contato de línguas (português versus japonês), cada vez mais estreito, acarreta mudanças expressivas no cenário linguístico e se manifesta na fala dos nipo-brasileiros, cuja situação evidencia o entrelaçamento de duas línguas que se aliam e se alinham, configurando uma nova forma de uso que denominamos variedade nipobrasileira, objeto desta pesquisa. Essa fala é sustentada pela história linguística de (i)migrantes e seus descendentes e percorre seu curso natural de língua em constante movimento, criando, assim, situações linguísticas próprias. Diante deste fato, faz-se necessário resgatar e registrar esse uso, uma vez que a fala simboliza, em parte, a identidade linguística deste grupo social. A presente tese busca registrar e descrever a variedade nipobrasileira quanto ao componente semântico-lexical. Para a coleta de dados recorre-se a procedimentos metodológicos da Geolinguística. Selecionam-se cinco comunidades, pontos da pesquisa Brasília; Brazlândia; Núcleo Bandeirante; Taguatinga e Vargem Bonita com base não apenas em fatores históricos relacionados à (i)migração japonesa no Planalto Central, como também na importância destas no cenário econômico e no desenvolvimento do Distrito Federal. A seguir, aplica-se um instrumento de pesquisa denominado Questionário Semântico-Lexical Visual a dez sujeitos nipo-brasileiros bilíngues que foram subdivididos em duas faixas etárias de 51 a 65 e 66 anos em diante , todos do sexo/gênero feminino e pertencentes à segunda geração (nissei). As respostas registradas nas entrevistas permitem a elaboração de um banco de dados semântico-lexicais. Posteriormente, os dados são descritos e documentados em 41 cartogramas linguísticos, que visam à apresentação da frequência e distribuição dos dados semântico-lexicais em japonês e português e/ou português-japonês nos pontos pesquisados. A base teórica ancora-se na Sociolinguística, com enfoque no bilinguismo, mais especificamente no contato de línguas e nos fenômenos que derivam desse processo: o empréstimo lexical e a mudança de código. Recorre-se aos estudos, entre outros, de Grosjean, Thomason e Kaufman e Gumperz. Dada a natureza desta pesquisa, contemplamse igualmente os estudos de Dialetologia/Geolinguística, com destaque para os trabalhos de Chambers e Trudgill, Mase e Onishi. Ao final, verifica-se que a análise dos dados possibilita não somente a descrição do falar nipo-brasileiro como também a elaboração do esboço do atlas desse falar. As ocorrências semântico-lexicais apresentadas na pesquisa apontam para a configuração de uma variedade nipo-brasileira nos pontos pesquisados, como também constituem um retrato parcial desse falar.<br>This thesis aims to describe the Japanese-Brazilian speaking in five communities of the Distrito Federal in order to construct an Atlas Sketch of the Distrito Federal Japanese- Brazilian Speaking. The language contact (Portuguese vs. Japanese), increasingly narrow, entails significant changes in the linguistic scene and manifests itself in the Japanese- Brazilians speaking, whose situation highlights the locking of two languages that ally and align, setting up in a new way of use that we call Japanese-Brazilian variety, object of this research. This speaking is sustained by the (i)migrants and their descendants linguist history and runs its natural course of a language in constant motion, thus creating proper language situations. Given this fact, it is necessary to rescue and register, this usage, once the speech symbolizes, partly, the linguistic identity of this social group. This thesis seeks to register and describe the Japanese-Brazilian variety as to the semantic-lexical components. The Geolinguistic methodological procedures were resorted for the data collection. Five communities were selected the research points Brasilia; Brazlândia; Núcleo Bandeirante; Taguatinga and Vargem Bonita, based not only on historical factors related to Japanese (i)migration in the Planalto Central, but also on their importance in the economic scene and in the Distrito Federal development. Next, a research tool called Visual Semantic-lexical Questionnaire is applied on ten bilingual Japanese-Brazilians subjects who were divided into two age groups 51 to 65 and 66 onwards, all female gender and belonging to the second generation (Nisei). The responses registered in the interviews allow the development of a semantic-lexical database. Subsequently, the data are described and documented in 41 language cartograms, aimed to presenting the frequency and distribution of the semanticlexical information in Japanese and Portuguese and/or Portuguese-Japanese surveyed points. The theoretical basis is anchored in Sociolinguistics, focusing on bilingualism, specifically in language contact and in the phenomena that derive from this process: lexical borrowing and code switching. Resorting to Grosjean, Thomason and Kaufman and Gumperz studies, among others. Given the nature of this research, the Dialectology / Geolinguistic studies are equally contemplated, highlighting Chambers and Trudgill, Mase and Onishi works. In the end, it is possible to verify that the data analysis allows not only to the description of the Japanese- Brazilian speaking as well as to the elaboration of the atlas sketch of this speaking. The semantic-lexical occurrences presented in this study point to the setting of a Japanese- Brazilian variety in the surveyed points, as well as provide this speaking partial picture.

This study investigates the writing strategies that Saudi university students utilise and the linguistic challenges they encounter during the process of writing in English. The study also compares the writing behaviour of two groups of writers: skilled vs. less skilled and male vs. female writers. Further, the possible inter-relationships between the main writing strategies and major linguistic challenges are explored. Data was collected using a writing proficiency test, think-aloud protocols (TAPs), observation, written compositions and stimulated recalls. The main sample consisted of 28 participants (14 skilled vs. 14 unskilled writers, 18 male vs. 10 female writers). Data analysis reveals that the writers frequently use ten writing strategies and encounter ten linguistic challenges. Some of the strategies are used more frequently by the skilled writers while others are more common among the unskilled ones. Similarly, male writers generally utilise fewer writing strategies than their female peers. While no significant differences are found between male and female writers in any one type of error, unskilled writers were found to make a larger number of errors in each category compared to the skilled writers. The study concludes with implications and recommendations for English writing pedagogy and research.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-02-01T22:38:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA, Geysa Andrade da.pdf: 4591061 bytes, checksum: 4033e84eb670f9950a38e4fe6d1bef58 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-01T22:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA, Geysa Andrade da.pdf: 4591061 bytes, checksum: 4033e84eb670f9950a38e4fe6d1bef58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22<br>The lexicon is a dynamic and flexible repertoire of words which many theorists have examined. For being quite diverse, it has a considerable potential for research and although it is far from exhaustion, all production has been very promising. According to Oliveira and Isquerdo (2001), even if the window through which a community can see the world is an abstract unit, it is possible to construct a verifiable rational and systematic knowledge, that is science, of its elements. From the need to explore this lexical inventory, the following question has been developed: do the lexical items produced provide data that mark the lexical variation of the gypsies? The research demanded an investigation in loco in cities of Bahia (Miguel Calmon and Jacobina ? Meso-region of the Center-North of Bahia) and of Pernambuco (Flores and Ouricuri ? Meso-region of Pernambuco?s Sert?o) from which the diatopic variation identified in sample data can be demonstrated. Respondents, men and women of different age groups - for diagenetic and diagenerational variation - gypsies, as well as other social information, responded to the structured instrument, excerpt of Semantic-Lexical Questionnaire of Linguistic Atlas of Brazil ? ALiB, specifically six questions of the semantic area of Games and children's recreation, through which it was tried to document the variation of the most general denominations of use or other specific denominations of the group. From the analysis of this corpus, the lexical contributions that mark the identity of the gypsy people were identified and the extra linguistic conditioners that influence the lexical realization of the gypsy community were verified. Linguistic factors, although conditioning factors of the variation, were not object of study in this work, they proved, therefore, inappropriate for the lexical level in question. The course with the gypsy groups drew restrictions at the questionnaire level, just as the Ethics Committee required the release of enough energy. The methodology and procedures are based on those adopted by ALiB. A lexicon search aims to determine the origin, form, and meaning of the words that make up the collection of a language; the one proposed here is based on analysis of Lexicology, Sociolinguistics and Dialectology since it aims to observe the use of the word in the community of speakers. The results indicate that the lexical variation is basically a result of the region where the speaker is inserted, and sometimes other variations due to age, sex, educational level, and not ethnicity.<br>O l?xico ? um repert?rio de palavras din?mico e flex?vel, no qual diversos te?ricos t?m se debru?ado. Por ser bastante diversificado, possui um potencial consider?vel para investiga??o e, embora se esteja longe da exaust?o, toda a produ??o tem sido muito promissora. Como atestam Oliveira e Isquerdo (2001), mesmo sendo uma unidade abstrata, a janela atrav?s da qual uma comunidade pode ver o mundo ? poss?vel construir um conhecimento verific?vel, racional e sistem?tico, ou seja, cient?fico dos seus elementos. A partir da necessidade de explorar esse invent?rio lexical, debru?ou-se o olhar sobre o seguinte questionamento: os itens lexicais produzidos fornecem dados que marcam a varia??o lexical dos ciganos? A pesquisa demandou uma investiga??o in loco em cidades da Bahia (Miguel Calmon e Jacobina ? Mesorregi?o do Centro-Norte Baiano) e de Pernambuco (Flores e Ouricuri ? Mesorregi?o do Sert?o Pernambucano) de onde se pode demonstrar a varia??o diat?pica identificada em dados da amostra. Os informantes inquiridos, homens e mulheres de diferentes faixas et?rias ? para depreens?o da varia??o diagen?rica e diageracional - da etnia cigana, al?m de outras informa??es sociais, responderam ao instrumento estruturado, que para essa pesquisa ? um extrado do Question?rio Sem?ntico-Lexical do Atlas Lingu?stico do Brasil ? ALiB, especificamente seis quest?es da ?rea sem?ntica de Jogos e divers?es infantis, atrav?s do qual buscou-se documentar a varia??o das denomina??es de emprego mais geral ou outras denomina??es espec?ficas do grupo. A partir da an?lise desse corpus, foram identificadas quais as contribui??es lexicais que marcam a identidade do povo cigano e verificados os condicionantes extralingu?sticos que influenciam na realiza??o lexical da comunidade cigana. Fatores lingu?sticos, apesar de condicionantes da varia??o, n?o foram objeto de estudo neste trabalho, demonstraram-se, pois, inapropriados para o n?vel lexical em quest?o. O percurso com os grupos ciganos desenhou restri??es a n?vel do question?rio, assim como o Comit? de ?tica exigiu desprendimento de bastante energia. A metodologia e os procedimentos baseiam-se nos adotados pelo ALiB. Uma pesquisa sobre o l?xico procura determinar a origem, a forma e o significado das palavras que constituem o acervo de um idioma; a que aqui est? proposta tem como base de an?lise a Lexicologia, a Sociolingu?stica e a Dialetologia uma vez que se procura observar o uso da palavra na comunidade dos falantes. Os resultados indicam que a varia??o lexical ? fruto, basicamente, da regi?o em que o falante est? inserido, e por vezes, outras varia??es por conta da idade, sexo, grau de escolaridade, e n?o da etnia.

CARVALHO, Cid Ivan da Costa. Transdutor de estados finitos para conversão de grafema para a pronúncia da variedade linguística potiguar. 2016. 161f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.<br>Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-07T15:04:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_ciccarvalho.pdf: 2690180 bytes, checksum: 534323141ee66dc846d48a731de5eeb6 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-07T17:10:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_ciccarvalho.pdf: 2690180 bytes, checksum: 534323141ee66dc846d48a731de5eeb6 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T17:10:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_ciccarvalho.pdf: 2690180 bytes, checksum: 534323141ee66dc846d48a731de5eeb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016<br>The Potigrafone is a finite-state transducer that automatically transcripts the graphic forms from the Portuguese language to the phonetic forms belonging to the“potiguar” linguistic variety. It was through the development of this system, by using of the Atlas Linguístico do Centro-Oeste Potiguar and to the Atlas Geolinguístico do Litoral Potiguar, that it has been possible to identify and separate the phonetic patterns in the linguistic variety belonging to the studied region, presenting a phonetic transcription tool while using the Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet - SAMPA; and, in addition, a performance assessment in the corpus of written texts in Portuguese has been made through the use of two multi-level measures: Exact Match Ratio and Labelling Fscore. To do so, the identification and separation of phonological patterns present in the phonetic letters of Atlas, the definition of some relevant criteria to inputs in the system, the implementation of rules relating to underlying form with the surface form and, also, two system evaluation measures have been needed. The results have showed that the Potigrafone performance was 81% for the Exact Match Ratio measurement and 89% for the Labelling FScore, presenting thus, increased accuracy in total or partial correct attempts, when the transcript is made without stress markup and without the phonetic phenomena of nasality, the palatalization, the diphthongization, the monophthongization, the deletion, the epenthesis; another important result is that the consonant modules and the syllabic core also interfere with this performance, since the values with all modules and without these two modules are similar. The Potigrafone performs well during the phonetic transcription, but there are some occasional errors that have made necessary the creation of new rules to correct them and, consequently, help to improve the system performance, both in accuracy and in full and partial transcription match.<br>O Potigrafone e um transdutor de estados finitos que faz a transcrição automática das formas gráficas da língua portuguesa para as formas fonéticas da variedade linguística potiguar. Com o desenvolvimento desse sistema, conseguimos identificar e separar os padrões fonéticos da variedade linguística potiguar, através do Atlas linguístico do Centro-Oeste potiguar e no Atlas Geolinguístico do Litoral Potiguar; apresentar uma ferramenta de transcrição fonética utilizando o alfabeto fonético Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA) e, alem disso, conseguimos avaliar o desempenho do sistema em corpus de textos escritos de língua portuguesa por meio de duas medidas multiníveis: Exact Match Ratio e Labelling Fscore. Para isso, foram atendidos passos fundamentais: primeiro, foram necessárias a identificação e a separação dos padrões fonológicos presentes nas cartas fonéticas dos Atlas supracitados; segundo, a definição de alguns critérios pertinentes as entradas (inputs) do sistema; terceiro, a implementação das regras que relacionam a forma subjacente com a forma superficial e; por último, a escolha das duas medidas adequadas a avaliação de um sistema que apresentava mais de uma forma de transcrição. Os resultados mostram que o desempenho do Potigrafone foi de 81% para a medida Exact Match Ratio e 89% para a medida Labelling FScore, apresentando, assim, boa performance na exatidão e nos acertos totais e parciais, no que se refere a transcrição sem a marcação da silaba tônica e sem os fenômenos fonéticos da nasalidade, da palatalização, da ditongação, da monotongação, do apagamento, da epêntese; outro resultado importante e que os módulos de consoantes e de núcleo silábico também interferem no desempenho, uma vez que os valores com todos os módulos e sem esses dois módulos se assemelham. O Potigrafone apresenta bom desempenho na transcrição fonética, mas existem alguns erros pontuais que torna necessário a constituição de novas regras para corrigi-los e, consequentemente, melhorar o desempenho do sistema, tanto na exatidão quanto na correspondência total e parcial da transcrição.

La Déclaration Universelle des Droits Linguistiques énonce impérativement que l’enseignement doit être un vecteur essentiel de préservation et d’épanouissement de la langue véhiculée par la communauté linguistique du territoire dans lequel il est dispensé. Elle postule, de manière incontournable, que l’enseignement se doit d’être, en toute circonstance, au service de la diversité linguistique et culturelle, contribuant ainsi à l’instauration d’interactions harmonieuses entre les différentes communautés linguistiques. Au Maroc, un schéma linguistique se distingue par une structure hiérarchique et culturelle, où la « haute culture officielle, institutionnelle / constitutionnelle », incarnée par une « identité arabo-musulmane » et les « régimes d’autorité linguistique » prédominants, s’imposent impérieusement sur une « langue vernaculaire » et une culture subordonnée, marquée par des époques de colonisation et d’islamisation. Le constat unanime parmi les chercheurs est que la culture amazighe a été systématiquement marginalisée au fil de l’histoire. Ce consensus repose sur la perception que le patrimoine, l’identité, le savoir et la mémoire amazighes sont actuellement en grave danger. Ainsi, l’objectif principal est de préserver cet héritage culturel. Cette préservation passe par une réforme de l’enseignement de la langue amazighe, tant à l’échelle générale qu’au niveau spécifique de la vallée du M’Goun, située dans le Haut Atlas marocain. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est essentiel de mettre en place les nouveaux dispositifs de standardisation, de normalisation et d’aménagement, ainsi que les mécanismes de transfert des nouvelles théories en didactique et linguistique vers l’amazighe. Cela inclut l’introduction de l’éducation au patrimoine, l’intégration de l’éducation au développement durable et l’éducation au territoire. Ces approches novatrices renforcent la sauvegarde de la culture amazighe en l’ancrant solidement dans les pratiques éducatives contemporaines. Une étape cruciale dans ce processus est la didactisation du savoir traditionnel et local. Cette démarche crée un lien essentiel entre la langue, la culture et l’environnement amazighes. Elle assure que les générations futures comprennent l’importance de cet héritage et développent un sentiment d’appartenance à leur culture. Le contexte actuel se révèle particulièrement propice à la mise en œuvre de ces initiatives. Les écoles nomades et semi-nomades se présentent comme un vecteur pédagogique idéal pour ce projet. Leur flexibilité et leur adaptation aux enjeux de l’éducation et du développement durable les rendent particulièrement appropriées pour préserver la culture amazighe, tout en contribuant à un modèle éducatif durable et inclusif. En somme, la préservation de la culture amazighe, à travers la revitalisation de la langue, la transmission du patrimoine, et la valorisation de l’identité culturelle, devient ainsi une composante essentielle des enjeux éducatifs et environnementaux contemporains. Cela s’effectue en adoptant une méthodologie didactique moderne, fondée sur une approche axée sur l’action et les projets. Notre étude entreprise se caractérise par une dimension exploratoire de l’écologie linguistique de la langue berbère. Cette thèse peut être succinctement résumée comme une entreprise visant à « guérir de l’école par le retour à la terre » (Roué, 2006), une quête de retour à l’identité, à la tradition et à l’autochtonie par le biais de l’éducation. Dans cette optique, notre travail s’ancre dans un cadre ethnolinguistique et sociolinguistique et repose sur des enquêtes interdisciplinaires qui mobilisent l’observation participante, des questionnaires adressés aux superviseurs de l’éducation dans la vallée, et des entretiens avec les praticiens et les membres de la population ciblée (...)<br>The Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights asserts imperatively that education must be an essential vehicle for the preservation and flourishing of the language spoken by the linguistic community of the territory in which it is imparted. It postulates, unequivocally, that education must always serve linguistic and cultural diversity, thereby contributing to the establishment of harmonious interactions among different linguistic communities. In Morocco, a linguistic framework is marked by a hierarchical and cultural structure, where the “high official, institutional/constitutional culture,” embodied by an “Arab-Muslim identity” and predominant “linguistic authority regimes,” imperiously impose themselves on a “vernacular language” and a subordinate culture, marked by periods of colonization and Islamization. The unanimous observation among researchers is that Amazigh culture has been systematically marginalized throughout history. This consensus is based on the perception that Amazigh heritage, identity, knowledge, and memory are currently in serious jeopardy. Thus, the primary objective is to preserve this cultural heritage. This preservation involves a reform of Amazigh language education, both on a general scale and specifically in the M'Goun Valley, located in the Moroccan High Atlas. To achieve this goal, it is essential to establish new standardization, normalization, and adaptation mechanisms for non-standardized languages, as well as mechanisms to transfer new theories in education and linguistics to Amazigh. This includes introducing heritage education, integrating sustainable development education and territory education in the programs. These innovative approaches strengthen the preservation of Amazigh culture by firmly anchoring it in contemporary educational practices. A crucial step in this process is the didacticization of traditional and local knowledge. This approach creates an essential link between the Amazigh language, culture, and environment, ensuring that future generations understand the importance of this heritage and develop a sense of belonging to their culture. The current context proves particularly conducive to the implementation of these initiatives. Nomadic and semi-nomadic schools emerge as an ideal pedagogical vector for this project. Their flexibility and adaptation to the challenges of education and sustainable development make them particularly suitable for preserving Amazigh culture while contributing to a sustainable and inclusive educational model. In summary, the preservation of Amazigh culture, through the revitalization of the language, the transmission of heritage, and the valorization of cultural identity, becomes an essential component of contemporary educational and environmental challenges. This is achieved by adopting a modern didactic methodology based on an action and project-oriented approach. Our undertaken study is characterized by an exploratory dimension of the linguistic ecology of the Berber language. This thesis can be succinctly summarized as an endeavor aiming to “heal the school through a return to the land” (Roué, 2006), a quest for a return to identity, tradition, and indigeneity through education. In this perspective, our work is anchored in an ethnolinguistic and sociolinguistic framework and relies on interdisciplinary investigations that involve participant observation, questionnaires addressed to education supervisors in the valley, and interviews with practitioners and members of the targeted population (…)

Un dels àmbits de la llengua on la variació dialectal es manifesta d’una manera més marcadament multiforme és el de la morfologia verbal. Antoni M. Alcover, considerat el fundador de la dialectologia a Catalunya, desenvolupà a començaments de segle el projecte que, sota el títol "Estudi especial de la conjugació", donava a conèixer el variat polimorfisme que presentaven les realitzacions verbals a tot el domini lingüístic català. Aquests resultats es plasmaren a finals deis anys vint i a principis deis trenta en la publicació de "La flexió verbal en els dialectes catalans". Les dades recollides en aquest compendi constitueixen un reflex real de l’estat de la morfología verbal del català en un àmbit temporal, que s’estén del 1906 al 1928, i en un àmbit espacial, que es concreta en cent quaranta-nou localitats de sis àrees dialectals: el pirinenc oriental (que correspon grosso modo a l'actual rossellonès i a una part del català septentrional de transició), el català oriental, el català occidental, el valencià, el balear i l’alguerès. Fins ara, algunes d’aquestes dades han estat utilitzades en treballs específics per il·lustrar la conjugació d’un verb en una zona geogràfica determinada o per constatar la variació que una forma verbal pot experimentar segons l'àrea dialectal on es realitzi. Tanmateix, els materials de "La flexió verbal en els dialectes catalans" mai no han estat estudiats globalment ni comparativament des d’un punt de vista sincrònic i, menys, des d’una perspectiva interdialectal. La descripció que es desenvolupará en aquest treball permetrà de contrastar les realitzacions subjacents deis segments morfològics que conformen cinc verbs que, per les seves característiques, esdevenen els representants regulars de les diverses varietats dialectals. En definitiva, l’objectiu general d’aquesta tesi és dur a terme una anàlisi de l’estructura del verb català a començaments de segle i de la variació morfològica que pot presentar aquesta estructura en els diversos dominis dialectals. L’estudi se centra en la flexió de cinc verbs que s’han establert com a models regulars. Els paradigmes s’han obtingut a partir de les dades incloses en el recull d’Alcover, que incorpora la conjugació completa de setanta-quatre verbs que van ser enquestats durant els tres primers decennis d’aquest segle.

Emendatio vitae was the most widely copied of all Richard Rolle’s writings in fourteenth and fifteenth-century England, and yet in modern scholarship this important work and its early audience have received comparatively little scholarly attention. My aim has been to address this lacuna by producing an edition of one of the seven Middle English translations of the text - Amendinge of Lyf - with notes and glossary. In an introductory study I adopt a dual focus: Rolle’s intended audience, and the actual early readers of this particular Middle English translation. Firstly, I conclude that Rolle may have intended Emendatio vitae as a work of ‘pastoralia’, for secular priests, and therefore with a wider audience of the laity also in mind. This being the case, it demonstrates that the adaptation of traditionally eremitic contemplative writings for a general audience, so widespread in the fifteenth-century, was already stirring in Rolle’s day. Secondly, I look in detail at a specific crosssection of Rolle’s early readership: a translator, several scribes and correctors, and other early readers and owners. The striking thing about this segment of the text’s reception is its breadth, including a priest, a number of prominent lay women and men, and by the end of the fifteenth-century also Dominican and Benedictine nuns.

The present MA thesis presents an analysis of version D of the Early Middle English verse sermon known as the Poema Morale. The objectives of the study were to verify the present localisation of D in Western Kent and clarify its relations to two more copies of the same text (T and M). The research consistsed in analysing the language of the text it terms of its dialect and distinguishing between different layers of copying, where possible. The analysis was performed using the electronic tool Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, specific procedures included mainly analyses of maps showing the distribution of dialectal features found in D, which were complemented by discussions of forms which D shares with other Kentish texts or versions T and M. The aim of these discussions was the identification of words coming from the exemplar. Evidence supporting the localisation of D in Kent as well as forms presumably taken from the archetype were presented and put in the context of the results of previous studies.

Tocharian is the name given to two closely related Indo-European languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, known from manuscripts discovered in the Tarim basin (present-day Xīnjiāng Uyghur Autonomous Region, China), dating from the 5th to 10th centuries CE. Despite its late attestation, Tocharian has proved to be archaic, particularly in some sections of the morphology. However, the exact relationship of Tocharian with the other Indo-European branches remains an unresolved issue. The problem is that a strong impact of language contact and internal drift has resulted in an intricate combination of archaisms and innovations that are often difficult to be disentangle. Examining the category of gender, this thesis contributes to the investigation of archaisms and innovations in Tocharian nominal morphology. It aims at providing a comprehensive treatment of the Tocharian gender system, describing how it historically derived from the Indo-European proto-language and why it typologically deviates from most of the other Indo-European languages. Next to the masculine and the feminine, Tocharian has a third category, which is named genus alternans. Nouns pertaining to this category combine agreement traits of the masculine and the feminine, taking masculine agreement in the singular and feminine agreement in the plural. Using a cross-linguistic approach, the synchronic analysis could show that Tocharian has a three-gender system, with the genus alternans being a gender value of its own. The largest part of the thesis deals with the diachronic investigation of a large number of nominal and adjectival classes whose endings and forms are relevant to the historical analysis of the Tocharian gender system. These classes are analysed from the point of view of their derivation and inflection, in order to clarify for each of them the origin and the development. The evolution of Tocharian gender is a long-standing problem, which has recently become even more pressing because of the scholarly debate on the chronology and the relative order of the split of the Indo-European proto-language into the various branches. It is sometimes assumed that Tocharian has split off second after the Anatolian branch and that the gender system has retained evidence of this early split. In order to test this claim, the origin of the Tocharian gender system in nominal, adjectival, and pronominal morphology has been discussed. It has been argued that, despite the many peculiarities of its gender system, Tocharian does not require the reconstruction of a more archaic gender marking system than the other non-Anatolian Indo-European languages. The peculiarities of Tocharian have been caused by internal developments that took place within the evolution of the language, which have often blurred the boundary between inherited archaisms and internal innovations.

Данная магистерская диссертация посвящена исследованию способов конструирования языков разных эпох в романе «Облачный атлас». Актуальность работы обусловлена как дефицитом работ, рассматривающих лингвистические эксперименты в современной художественной литературе, так и недостатком в отечественной филологии работ, посвященных творчеству Дэвида Митчелла, которое приобретает все большую популярность. В первой главе рассматриваются теоретические основы воплощения текстового времени и исторической стилизации в художественной литературе. Во второй главе рассматривается такое понятие, как искусственный язык, а также феномен вымышленного языка как подкласса искусственных языков. В третьей главе приводится описание творческой биографии Дэвида Митчелла, структурные особенности его романа «Облачный атлас», а также жанровое своеобразие произведения и представленный в нем спектр тематики. В четвертой главе исследуются способы воплощения английского языка XIX века. В пятой главе рассматриваются характеристики созданных автором английских языков будущего.<br>The master’s thesis is devoted to exploring the ways of constructing languages of different epochs in the novel “Cloud Atlas”. The relevance of this research work is highlighted by the fact that today within the realm of Russian philology there can be found only a few works dedicated to D. Mitchell and his writing; also it should be mentioned that there are not enough works aimed at investigating linguistic experiments in fiction. The first chapter deals with the theory connected with depicting time in fiction and the phenomenon of ‘historical stylization’. The second chapter explores the term ‘artificial language’ and introduces the notion of an ‘invented language’ as a subclass of artificial languages. The third chapter contains the biography of the author and some information on his novel ‘Cloud Atlas’. The fourth chapter analyzes the means of creating the English language of the 19th century in the text. The fifth chapter investigates peculiar features of languages of the future invented by D. Mitchell himself.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY - FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND ELT METHODOLOGY Relationships between the borrowed Old Norse adjectives in English and their Old English counterparts MA THESIS Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jan Čermák, CSc. Author: Světlana Müllerová Abstract: The aim of this MA thesis is to examine the relationship between six word pairs, each comprising an Old Norse adjectival borrowing in Middle English and its Old English counterpart along with its Middle English reflex for further reference. The inquiry into their relationship involves an analysis of: their (i) formal aspects, (ii) syntactic properties, (iii) semantic fields and (iv) external factors possibly contributing to their obsolescence or survival, such as the restriction to certain text types or geographic localization, as suggested by the individual linguistic profiles in the Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English and Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. The description of individual semantic fields of the given words is based on their semantic classification within the Historical Thesaurus of English. This analysis is based on the occurrences of the individual words as taken from the dictionaries Middle English Dictionary and Dictionary of Old English, and related corpora Dictionary of Old English Corpus and...