Academic literature on the topic 'Linguistic blame'
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Journal articles on the topic "Linguistic blame"
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Krisagbedo, E. C., C. U. Agbedo, A. K. Abubakar, and Y. Ibrahim. "Electoral Defeat, Conversational Practices of Blame and Avoidance of Responsibility in Nigerian Media Political Discourses." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 4 (2021): 430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1104.13.
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This paper addresses electoral defeat suffered by the Peoples’ Democratic Party (PDP) at the 2015 presidential polls and the communicative character of blame and avoidance of responsibility as evident in the Nigerian media political discourses. Discourse analysts are yet to study the linguistic aspects of blame and avoidance of responsibility in great details. This work is intended as a contribution towards filling this lacuna in knowledge by examining the conversational discursive practices adopted by Nigerian politicians in the circumstances of blame risk to achieve the twin goals of positive self-presentation and consolidation of political capital (Hansson, 2015). Some PDP members enlisted the discursive strategies of blame avoidance, in which blames and denials are carefully and strategically planned to serve positive self-representation (semantic macro-strategy of in-group favouritism) and negative other-representation, that is, semantic macro-strategy of derogation of out-group, (https://www.hse.ru/en/). We illustrate the linguistic mechanism of blame and avoidance of responsibility and how it thrives as a dominant recurrent theme in conflict talk and public communication discourses. The findings tend to enrich and enliven the literature on discourse studies and by extension open fresh vistas of critical research into language use in politics.
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Fausey, Caitlin M., and Lera Boroditsky. "Subtle linguistic cues influence perceived blame and financial liability." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 17, no. 5 (2010): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pbr.17.5.644.
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Mason, Marianne. "The role of interpreters in adjudicating blame." Translation and Interpreting Studies 10, no. 2 (2015): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.10.2.02mas.
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This paper provides a linguistic analysis of the interpreter’s role in shaping the discursive reality of the Spanish-English bilingual courtroom. The paper examines the interpreter’s rendition of morphosyntactic features, specifically clitic pronouns and active-passive voice using excerpts from an actual jury trial. The aim of the study is to show how the interpreter’s treatment of linguistic features in exchanges between attorneys and witnesses may attribute agency to the defendant, and possibly suggest a relationship between the defendant and his alleged associates or victims that is not intended in the original utterance. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the field of courtroom interpreting by providing further insight into the relationship between an interpreter’s rendition of morphosyntactic features in attorney-witness exchanges and the attorney’s and witness’s ability to convey meaning and intent in a bilingual courtroom.
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Hansson, Sten. "Anticipative strategies of blame avoidance in government." Journal of Language and Politics 16, no. 2 (2017): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.15019.han.
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Abstract Public communication practices of executive governments are often criticised by journalists, politicians, scholars, and other commentators. Therefore, government communication professionals routinely adopt various blame avoidance strategies, some of which are meant to ‘stop blame before it starts’ or to reduce their exposure to potential blame attacks. The linguistic aspects of such anticipative strategies are yet to be studied by discourse analysts. I contribute towards filling this gap by showing how written professional guidelines for government communicators could be interpreted as complex discursive devices of anticipative blame avoidance. I outline historically and institutionally situated issues of blame that inform the occupational habitus of government communicators in the UK. I bring examples from their propriety guidelines to illustrate how the use of certain discursive strategies limits the possible perceived blameworthiness of individual officeholders. I conclude by explicating the discursive underpinnings of two common operational blame avoidance strategies in government: ‘protocolisation’ and ‘herding’.
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Al-Abodi, Iman Khudhair Oda. "A Linguistic Study of Praise with Reference to Arabic Religious Texts." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 3 (2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp108-115.
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This study explores praise as one of the expressive acts in Arabic. The love of praise is part of human nature and a sincere praise is an important tool in giving people confidence and hence making them feel happy and satisfied. The problem may increase when the speaker expresses his praise by using words of blame which might create some sort of ambiguity to the reader because he might understand it as blame rather than praise. For the sake of presenting and discussing the act of praising in Arabic, the present study aims at proving the linguistic devices of praise focusing on three aspects: pragmatic, semantic and syntactic in some religious texts. The theoretical part deals with investigating the pragmatic, semantic and syntactic aspects of praise as well as its types. The practical part deals with analyzing some religious texts taken from different aayas from different suras in the Glorious Quran. It is concluded that praise can be applied to religious texts depending on three aspects of language and Arabic language is distinguished by its heavy use of explicit and implicit forms expressing praise.
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Jaspers, Jürgen. "Authority and morality in advocating heteroglossia." Language, Culture and Society 1, no. 1 (2019): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lcs.00005.jas.
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Abstract In this article I address the fact that influential strands in socio- and applied linguistics advocate heteroglossic policies in education and other monolingually organised domains without extending this heteroglossia to public debate about language policy. Often this occurs by presenting linguistic diversity to relevant stakeholders as natural and real, or as the only option on account of its proven effectiveness. I argue that this strategy removes options from the debate by framing it as a scientific rather than political one, that it confronts stakeholders with academic pressure and blame, and that this may diminish scholars’ impact on policy making. Using examples from research on translanguaging, repertoires, and linguistic citizenship, I will suggest that scholars may be more effective in contexts of value conflict when their knowledge serves to expand rather than reduce the range of alternatives for stakeholders. Focusing on education I will then explore how we may reclaim language policy from an evidence-based discourse and address matters of value besides matters of fact.
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Fast, Elizabeth, and Cathy Richardson/Kinewesquao. "VICTIM-BLAMING AND THE CRISIS OF REPRESENTATION IN THE VIOLENCE PREVENTION FIELD." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 10, no. 1 (2019): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs101201918804.
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In this article, the authors apply response-based practice to highlight the ways in which victims are blamed in cases of violence. They problematize and explore the misrepresentation of violence across academic disciplines and institutional systems, including the social sciences, the helping professions, and the justice system. Fast and Richardson discuss the linguistic operations that serve to conceal violence and also to obscure the resistance of the victim, which tends to reflect the level and brutality of the violent acts. In order to demonstrate the processes of shifting blame and responsibility from the perpetrator to the victim, the authors also discuss particular Indigenous examples relating to the issue of attacks on and kidnappings of Indigenous women, and to the connections between violence, resource exploitation, and land dispossession.
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Viertmann, Christine. "Scapegoating in media coverage: Analysing blame-giving rituals in the public sphere." Public Relations Inquiry 7, no. 3 (2018): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2046147x18796268.
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This article explores scapegoating in media coverage by analysing news reports on three former CEOs of large German corporations (Deutsche Börse, Deutsche Bank, and Deutsche Bahn) during crisis situations. Scapegoating is defined as a social mechanism including its linguistic construction as an archetypal narrative. The scapegoat role for each CEO was analysed by using content analysis of business news reports (n = 864) from eight print newspapers and one online paper. A new methodology was developed based on a combination of the Linguistic Category System proposed by Semin and Fiedler and the rhetorical approach of Narrative Theme Analysis formulated by Boje. In addition, eight semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with Hartmut Mehdorn (former CEO of Deutsche Bahn), two communication directors, and five business journalists. The results revealed differences in attribution of the so-called ‘sacrificial marks’ or ‘stigmata’ related to a CEO’s group affiliation and personality. A scapegoat index value S is presented as the measurand to capture the scapegoat role of a person in media texts. The limitations of the study are linked to the small number (three) of case studies and the new methodology that needs further testing.
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Canning, Patricia. "‘No ordinary crowd’: Foregrounding a ‘hooligan schema’ in the construction of witness narratives following the Hillsborough football stadium disaster." Discourse & Society 29, no. 3 (2017): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926517734665.
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This article examines the linguistic appropriation and deflection of blame in the witness testimonies and evidence-gathering processes of the South Yorkshire Police (SYP) following the 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster. It specifically focuses on patterns of stylistic features, such as negation and syntactic foregrounding, which, it is argued, function to encode alternative institutionally congruent stories. It employs schema theory to explore how a ‘hooligan’ narrative was readily invoked and accepted by the SYP. Moreover, it addresses instances of both self-incrimination and the upgrading of police efficacy within statements produced by the South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service (SYMAS), and offers a linguistic analysis that points to police involvement in the construction of the SYMAS testimonies.
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Spears, R., D. Abrams, P. Sheeran, S. C. S. Abraham, and D. Marks. "Social judgements of sex and blame in the context of AIDS: Gender and linguistic frame." British Journal of Social Psychology 30, no. 1 (1991): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1991.tb00921.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Linguistic blame"
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Wikström, Rebecca. "Who Is to Blame? : An Ecolinguistic Analysis of the Portrayal of Human and Non-Human Animals in the Initial Phase of the Corona Crisis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för språk, kultur och interaktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177352.
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The corona virus has spread steadily and led to consequences on a larger scale than anyone could have imagined, and it is not at all surprising that we want to find someone to hold responsible. Who is to blame for this terrible situation that we have to live through? By taking an ecolinguistic approach, primarily inspired by Arran Stibbe (2021), this study explores how human and non-human animals are being blamed for the corona crisis in a corpus based on 15 news articles. To demonstrate blame through linguistic portrayal, the data are processed through four different lenses: facticity, appraisal, erasure and salience. The study finds that both human and non-human animals in general are portrayed as being to blame for the corona crisis. However, bats are most frequently portrayed as the responsible entity and human blame is often downplayed by linguistic erasure. Ecolinguistics can convey how language establishes asymmetries between groups and uncover how those asymmetries have an effect upon a broader social context. With this in mind, the way the texts blame entities for the corona crisis has real-life consequences. Firstly, non-human animals risk being killed to reduce the spread of the virus based on shallow arguments and groundless evaluations. Secondly, human blame risks not being evaluated properly and therefore there is a risk that harmful human behaviour can continue.
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Marchal, Cynthie. "Post-hoc prescience: retrospective reasoning and judgment among witnesses of interpersonal aggression." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209818.
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When judging interpersonal aggression, witnesses are usually expected to rationally consider, based on the evidence they have, what another reasonable person could (or should) have thought, known and done. However their analysis may be affected by judgment biases and personal motivations. These evaluative and retrospective biases, as well as the ascription of blame, are the main interests of this research. More specifically, we investigated the consequences of witnesses being prone to the hindsight bias, which is a common bias that gives individuals the feeling that they would have been able to predict past events, what in fact, is not the case. This process may have important effects on the victim, who “should have known” that an aggression would happen to him/her. In this dissertation, we examine the moderators of this bias and the role of the communication context in which it develops. We hypothesized that the communication context might affect the perspective that is taken on the event of interpersonal aggression and the perceived distance towards it. Also, we expected that the hindsight bias and victim blame would be decreased when reducing the psychological distance towards the event (i.e. perceived temporal distance and perceived proximity with the victim’s fate). In a same vein, we expected that the aggressor would be more derogated in this condition. The first four studies were designed to investigate the role of communication goals about the aggression. Asking participants to describe how (vs. why) the aggression happened was expected to diminish the perceived distance. The following study (study 5) examined whether reporting the event in the passive voice (vs. active voice) would have a similar effect. The four last studies investigated how the time of presenting the event (before vs. after its antecedents) would influence the perception of distance towards the events and the judgments. We expected that knowing the outcome initially might reduce the perceived distance with the events. Results of the first five studies confirmed the main hypotheses: the communication context that focused on the “how” of the event or that presented it in the passive voice reduced the perceived distance and diminished the predictability of the aggression and victim derogation. It also increases the derogation of the aggressor. In addition, the latter studies revealed that learning about the outcome right away leads to reduced derogation of the perpetrator and increased derogation of the victim, even when reducing the perceived distance with the event. Overall, this research suggests that the communication context in which the hindsight bias emerges, as well as the perceived distance with the negative event, are important factors when examining the retrospective reasoning and judgments of witnesses.<p><p><p><p><p>Lorsque les témoins jugent une agression interpersonnelle, il est généralement attendu d’eux qu’ils considèrent rationnellement ce qu’une personne raisonnable aurait pu penser, savoir et faire dans pareille situation, et ce en se fondant uniquement sur les preuves qui leur sont fournies. Il n’en reste pas moins que leur analyse sera toutefois tronquée par des biais de jugement et des motivations personnelles. C’est pourquoi la détermination du blâme et l’influence des déformations rétrospectives et évaluatives sont au cœur de cette recherche. Ainsi, nous investiguons plus particulièrement le biais de rétrospection, à savoir l’erreur commune qui laisse à l’individu penser qu’il est en mesure de prévoir n’importe quel événement, alors qu’en réalité, il n’en est rien. Une telle erreur peut cependant avoir de graves conséquences pour la victime dès lors que les témoins sont amenés à croire qu’elle aurait « dû » prévoir ce qui allait survenir. Dans cette thèse, nous envisageons également les modérateurs de ce biais, dont le rôle du contexte communicationnel. Nous avons, dès lors, fait l’hypothèse que le contexte communicationnel pourrait affecter l’angle sous lequel les témoins considèrent l’événement et la distance perçue par rapport à celui-ci. Ce faisant, nous pensions que le biais de rétrospection et le blâme de la victime seraient réduits lorsque le contexte diminuait la distance perçue vis-à-vis de l’événement (en l’occurrence, la distance temporelle et la proximité perçue avec le sort de la victime). De même, il était attendu que l’agresseur soit davantage blâmé dans pareille condition. Les quatre premières études s’intéressaient donc au rôle des buts poursuivis lors de la communication à propos de l’agression, afin d’envisager en quoi décrire comment (vs. pourquoi) l’agression s’était produite aidait à réduire la distance perçue. Une cinquième étude nous a ensuite permis de considérer si la voix passive (versus active) avait aussi un effet similaire. Quant aux quatre dernières études, elles avaient pour objectif d’investiguer dans quelle mesure l’ordre de présentation des informations (connaître la fin avant, vs. après les antécédents) pouvait avoir également une incidence sur la prise de distance par rapport à l’événement et aux jugements. Plus précisément, nous faisions l’hypothèse que connaître l’événement en premier lieu (avant ses antécédents) facilitait la réduction de la distance perçue. Les résultats obtenus dans les cinq premières recherches semblaient confirmer nos hypothèses :Un contexte communicationnel qui réduisait la distance psychologique perçue par rapport à l’événement pouvait non seulement diminuer le biais de rétrospection et le blâme de la victime, mais augmenter aussi le blâme de l’agresseur. Toutefois, les dernières recherches ont semblé démontrer, a contrario, que connaître l’agression en premier lieu pouvait réduire le blâme de l’agresseur et augmenter celui de la victime, alors même que la distance perçue avec les événements était réduite. In fine, ce travail suggère donc que le contexte communicationnel, dans lequel le biais émerge, et la prise de distance face à l’événement négatif sont autant de pistes qu’il faudrait creuser à l’avenir pour mieux comprendre le raisonnement et les jugements rétrospectifs des témoins.<br>Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ali, Arden. "Acting from character : how virtue and vice explain praise and blame." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107097.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-95).<br>This dissertation offers a theory of praise and blame: praiseworthy acts manifest virtue and blameworthy acts are incompatible with virtue. Despite its simplicity, proposals like mine have been largely ignored. After all, don't good people sometimes deserve blame, and bad people sometimes deserve praise? I believe the significance of this thought has been exaggerated. The chapters of this dissertation argue that we should understand praiseworthiness and blameworthiness by appeal to the concept of virtue, even granting the possibility of uncharacteristic behaviour. Chapter One argues against the popular view of praiseworthiness, according to which acting well requires only that the agent is moved by the right reasons and acts rightly. At its most plausible, I claim, this view employs a concept of 'acting for the right reasons' that can only be understood in relation to virtue, e.g. someone acts for the right reasons just in case she is momentarily disposed as virtue requires, or has a disposition that approximates virtue. Praiseworthy acts are manifestations of virtue, perhaps qualified in some way, but nonetheless only intelligible in virtue-theoretic terms. Chapter Two builds an account of blameworthiness. In response to puzzling cases of excuse, I distinguishfull and infallible virtue. Roughly put: full virtue requires the disposition to act well; infallible virtue involves perfect compliance with the requirements of morality. This distinction allows us to articulate the relationship between character and culpability: blameworthy acts are those incompatible with full virtue in my sense. Chapter Three addresses a conflict between my view and one dogma in the philosophy of responsibility. Philosophers usually distinguish mere badness and blameworthiness thusly: bad actions reflect deficiencies in one's ethical character but do not warrant resentment or indignation; blameworthy actions call for these attitudes. But I argue there is no privileged part of our psychology that can serve the role of 'ethical character' as it appears in the proposal. A better view falls out of the second chapter. On my view, there are two kinds of wrongdoing: those incompatible with full virtue, and those merely incompatible with infallible virtue. The former are blameworthy, but the latter are merely bad.<br>by Arden Ali.<br>Ph. D.
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Peres, Simone Oliveira Vieira. "Os Simpsons e o Brasil : imagens de um olhar estrangeiro em “Blame it on Lisa”." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2013. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/568.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-25<br>Tendo como objeto de análise o episódio “Blame it on Lisa” do seriado norte-americano “Os Simpsons”, o presente estudo discute o processo de construção de imagens sobre o Brasil, a partir do olhar estrangeiro e das relações de identidade e alteridade, identificações e estranhamentos. A escolha por este episódio reside no fato de descrever a visita da família Simpsons ao Brasil e, assim, construir uma narrativa baseada em críticas e estereótipos sobre os personagens brasileiros e a cultura do país. Lançado em 2002, o episódio causou bastante polêmica entre os telespectadores e o próprio governo brasileiro. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa será pautado principalmente nos Estudos Culturais, através da análise do episódio, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e de outros conteúdos (filmes, livros, jornais, revistas, etc) que nos forneçam indícios para entendermos a forma como as imagens sobre o país, sob uma perspectiva “estrangeira”, construiu-se marcada por estereótipos. Partindo da inquietação causada pelas imagens do país reproduzidas nos filmes estrangeiros tentamos discutir de que maneira esse olhar é direcionado a “nós”, qual o processo de construção desse retrato brasileiro e a dimensão do diálogo entre o olhar do “outro” e o do nativo, tendo em vista as identidades do brasileiro e do Brasil forjadas por “nós”.<br>With the object of analysis the episode "Blame it on Lisa" series of U.S. "The Simpsons", this study discusses the process of images construction on Brazil, from view and foreign relations of identity and otherness, strangeness and identifications. The choice this episode lies in the fact describes the Simpsons family visit to Brazil and thus constructs a narrative based on criticisms and stereotypes about the characters and the Brazilian culture. Launched in 2002, the episode caused quite a stir among viewers and Brazilian government. The development of this research will be guided mainly in Cultural Studies, through analysis of the episode, from literature and other content (movies, books, newspapers, magazines, etc.) that give us clues to understanding how images on the country, from one perspective "foreign", built up marked by stereotypes. Starting from the unrest caused by the images reproduced in the country foreign films, we discuss how this gaze is directed to “ourselves", how the process of constructing this Brazil‟s portrait and the size of the dialogue between the gaze of the "other" and the native, having in view of the identities of Brazil and Brazilian forged by "ourselves."
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Canto, Daniela Schwarcke do. "O CASAL GILCHRIST E A VIDA DE UM PINTOR DESCONHECIDO: O GÊNERO BIOGRAFIA E A RECEPÇÃO DA OBRA DE WILLIAM BLAKE NO SÉCULO 19." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9948.
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This study has as main objective to analyze the biography of William Blake: dreamed and researched by Alexander Gilchrist and finished by his wife Anne Gilchrist and by the painter and writer Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Considered a mad genius that talked to spirits by a great part of his contemporaries, William Blake became known only after his death, in 1827, for his works as a poet, painter and engraver. In a first moment, a short biography of Alexander Gilchristis presented, as well as of the others involved in the writing of the biography Life of William Blake: Pictor Ignotus. In the second chapter, an analysis is conducted on what Gilchrist wrote about Blake s technical side and his educational background. The third chapter is about the visionary Blake, and how these episodes are portrayed in the Gilchrist s biography. In the last chapter, a parallelis traced between what Alexander Gilchrist wrote in his biography and what five authors before him wrote on Blake. These authors are: Cunningham, J. T. Smith, Malkin, Tatham and Crabb Robinson. In this way, we intend to reach a hypothesis on which authors were used as sources by Gilchrist to write Life of William Blake: Pictor Ignotus.<br>Esse trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a primeira biografia escrita sobre William Blake, biografia esta sonhada e pesquisada por Alexander Gilchrist e finalizada por sua esposa Anne Gilchrist e pelo pintor e também escritor Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Considerado um gênio louco que falava com os espíritos por grande parte de seus contemporâneos, é apenas após sua morte, em 1827, que William Blake passa a ser reconhecido por suas obras como poeta, pintor e gravurista. Em um primeiro momento, é apresentada uma curta biografia de Alexander Gilchrist e das pessoas que colaboraram com a escrita da biografia Life of William Blake: Pictor Ignotus. No segundo capítulo, é feita uma análisedo que Gilchrist escreveu sobre o lado técnico de Blake, sua educação e seus estudos. O terceiro capítulo trata do Blake visionário, e como estes episódios são retratados na biografia em questão. Já o último capítulo faz um comparativo entre o que Gilchrist escreve de Blake com o que pode ser encontrado nos autores anteriores a ele, como Cunningham, J. T. Smith, Malkin, Tatham e Crabb Robinson, chegando assim a uma hipótese de quais os autores acima citados serviram como fontes para a escrita de Life of William Blake: Pictor Ignotus.
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Santos, Andrio de Jesus Rosa dos. ""AMANTE DE SELVAGEM REBELIÃO": A FIGURAÇÃO SATÂNICA NAS PROFECIAS CONTINENTAIS DE WILLIAM BLAKE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9949.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In this study, I analyze the thematic development of William Blake s satanic figure, the character Orc. To this end, I approach the illuminated poems called ―Continental Prophecies‖, which are composed by the books America A Prophecy (1793), Europe A Prophecy (1794) and The Song of Los (1795), that is divided into two parts, ―Africa‖ and ―Asia‖. In these works, Blake articulates themes such as apocalypse, energy, imagination and revolution in a relation to the French and the American Revolution and criticizes the political, religious and artistic thinking of the period. Of the matter of methodology, this work presents four chapters. In the first, I discuss the problems about the Devil s theme, from the Middle Ages to the Romanticism, starting by a mythical-religious approach of this figure, and then investigating the demon as a literary myth. In the second, I present a discussion about the characterization of Orc and his opponent, Urizen. I also analyze the poem America, focused on questions about desire, revolution and liberty. In he third, I discuss about Europe and proceed with the mapping of the satanic theme in Blake s prophecies. I also approach the question of the repression of desire, represented by the character Enitharmon, and discuss the subversions undertaken by Blake on religious dogma. In the fourth, I approach The Song of Los and argue about the blakean mythology, his ideal of Satanism, and also confront critical reading and interpretive perspectives of Blake s work. My discussion is developed in a constant dialogue between three instances: religious, social and artistic. This conception was thought by Peter Schock (2003), treated as a ―Cultural Matrix‖. This study explores how Blake s art dialogues with eighteenth century revolutions, it discuss its religious, political and artistic influences, and offers a conception of Blake s satanic ideal in his prophecies. The character Orc, in these poems, presents an amalgam of his artistic, religious and social thinking, an instance of confrontation through which Blake conceive metaphysical ideals, as the philosophy of contraries or the sensual enjoyment. Through the development of the Devil s theme, the artist tries to signify conflicting thoughts as sin and sensual delight, heaven and hell, body and soul, subverting these issues by a infernal ideal.<br>Neste estudo, analiso o desenvolvimento temático da figura satânica na obra de William Blake, a personagem Orc. Para tal, trabalho com os poemas iluminados denominados de ―Continental Prophecies‖, compostos pelas obras America A Prophecy (1793), Europe A Prophecy (1794) e The Song of Los (1795), este dividido em duas partes, ―Africa‖ e ―Asia‖. Nessas obras, Blake articula temas como apocalipse, energia, imaginação e revolução em relação à Revolução Francesa e à Americana e tece críticas ao pensamento político, religioso e artístico do período. Este trabalho apresenta quatro capítulos. No primeiro, discuto os problemas acerca do tema do Diabo, desde o medievo até o Romantismo, partindo de uma abordagem mítico-religiosa para então abordar o demônio como mito literário. No segundo, apresento uma discussão sobre a caracterização da personagem Orc e sua relação com seu opositor, Urizen. Construo também uma análise do poema America, centrada em questões sobre desejo, revolução e liberdade. No terceiro, trato de Europe e prossigo com o mapeamento da temática satânica nas profecias de Blake. Abordo também a questão da repressão do desejo, representada pela personagem Enitharmon, e as subversões empreendidas por Blake acerca de dogmas religiosos. No quarto, abordo The Song of Los e discorro sobre a mitologia blakeana, seu ideal de satanismo, além de confrontar vieses críticos de leitura e interpretação da obra de Blake. Minha discussão é desenvolvida em um constante diálogo entre três instâncias: religiosa, social e artística. Tal concepção é abordada por Peter Schock (2003), tratada como ―Matriz Cultural‖. Este estudo explora como a arte de Blake dialoga com as revoluções do século XVIII, discute suas influências religiosas, políticas e artísticas, além de oferecer uma concepção acerca do ideal satânico de Blake em suas profecias. A personagem Orc, nesses poemas, apresenta um amálgama do pensamento artístico, religioso e social do artista, uma instância de confronto através da qual Blake concebeu ideais metafísicos, como a filosofia dos contrários ou o deleite dos sentidos. Através do desenvolvimento do tema do diabo, o artista tenta significar pensamentos conflitantes, como pecado e deleite sensual, céu e inferno, corpo e alma, subvertendo tais questões a partir de um ideal infernal.
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Oliveira, Leandro Cardoso de. "MOSTRANDO OS ESTADOS CONTRÁRIOS DA ALMA HUMANA : UM ESTUDO DAS CANÇÕES DE INOCÊNCIA E DE EXPERIÊNCIA, DE WILLIAM BLAKE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9942.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>William Blake was a painter, poet and printmaker. The author demonstrated a large
experimentation in the production of his art, developing his own method of printing
and publishing. Such method made possible the creation of the so called illuminated
books, support in which was published most of his composite art, which combines
poetry and painting in an inseparable way. This dissertation aims to examine the
states of "Innocence" and of "Experience" in the illuminated books Songs of
Innocence (1789), Songs of Experience (1794) and Songs of Innocence and of
Experience - Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul (1794 ). Usually,
the Blake's "Innocence state", in the text and in the visual compositions, is associated
with idealized existence, childhood figures and fertile nature. "Experience", on the
other hand, presents urban scenes or arid nature, adult images and a different
perspective about life, without the characteristic idealization of "Innocence". However,
although the titles of the volumes indicate which compositions would be of
"Innocence" and what would be of Experience", the compositions have evidences
that perhaps these states are not clearly defined or contrary, as the subtitle of the
agglutinated edition indicates. Examples of it, besides adult figures on the
Innocence book and childhood images on the Experience , are compositions that
appear in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, depending on the
copy. Considering the switchable aspect of this collection of poems and the
reallocations made by Blake in the several copies of the books, it will be observed
what is the elements that fundaments the states of "Innocence" and of "Experience"
on the three books of Songs.<br>William Blake foi pintor, poeta e gravurista. O autor demonstrou grande
experimentação na produção de sua arte, elaborando o seu próprio método de
impressão e publicação. Tal método viabilizou a criação dos chamados livros
iluminados, suporte que possibilitou unir poesia e pintura de forma indissociável.
Nesta dissertação, serão analisados os estados de Inocência e de Experiência
nos livros iluminados Songs of Innocence (1789), Songs of Experience (1794) e
Songs of Innocence and of Experience - Shewing the Two Contrary States of the
Human Soul (1794). Comumente, o estado de Inocência em Blake é associado à
existência idealizada, a figuras infantis e à natureza fértil, tanto nos textos quanto
nas composições visuais. Experiência , por outro lado, apresentaria cenários
urbanos ou de natureza árida, imagens adultas e um olhar diferenciado sobre a vida,
sem a idealização característica de Inocência . Entretanto, embora os títulos dos
volumes indiquem quais composições seriam sobre a Inocência e quais versariam
acerca da Experiência , as composições possuem indícios de que talvez esses
estados não sejam claramente delimitados ou contrários, como indica o subtítulo da
edição conjunta. Exemplos disso, além de figuras adultas na parte de Inocência do
livro e de presenças infantis em Experiência , são os poemas que aparecem tanto
em Songs of Innocence quanto em Songs of Experience, dependendo da cópia do
livro. Considerando o aspecto cambiável desse conjunto de poemas e as
realocações realizadas por Blake nas diversas edições das obras, serão observados
os elementos que fundamentam os estados de Inocência e de Experiência dentro
dos três exemplares de Songs.
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Tavares, Enéias Farias. "As Portas da Percepção: Texto e Imagem nos Livros Iluminados de William Blake." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3976.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Esta tese de doutorado propõe analisar a origem e a interpretação dos livros iluminados de
William Blake. A produção do artista foi efetuada como um empreendimento técnico no qual
texto e imagem eram gravados numa mesma chapa de impressão, para depois resultarem em
diversas cópias impressas e finalizadas com aquarela. A fim de mapear as experimentações
que culminaram na técnica de impressão iluminada, o primeiro capítulo discute a formação
tripla de Blake como gravurista, poeta e pintor. O segundo analisa o poema narrativo e as
ilustrações para Tiriel, livro que evidencia o primeiro esforço de Blake em unir texto e
imagem. O terceiro, além de detalhar o método iluminado de impressão, discute o contexto de
produção e as possíveis metas do seu autor ao empreender tal arte. O interlúdio apresenta uma
discussão metodológica sobre o tipo de análise e conceituação crítica para o estudo de sua
arte. Partindo dessa proposta, os capítulos seguintes objetivam uma interpretação dos
primeiros livros iluminados de Blake. Os capítulos 4 e 5 discutem as Canções de Inocência e
as Canções de Experiência, ao passo que o último se debruça sobre O Matrimônio de Céu e
Inferno. Tais capítulos demonstram como, na criação do artista, texto e imagem mantêm uma
dialógica relação de oposição e complementaridade que revela a meta do autor de fragilizar o
discurso dualista de seu tempo, seja ele científico ou religioso, ao propor uma arte centrada na
união de percepções físicas e mentais, visuais e textuais. O recorte metodológico prioriza na
primeira parte desta tese uma discussão sobre o contexto cultural da arte de Blake e na
segunda uma análise dos processos de leitura, observação e interpretação de seus livros.<br>Esta tese de doutorado propõe analisar a origem e a interpretação dos livros iluminados de
William Blake. A produção do artista foi efetuada como um empreendimento técnico no qual
texto e imagem eram gravados numa mesma chapa de impressão, para depois resultarem em
diversas cópias impressas e finalizadas com aquarela. A fim de mapear as experimentações
que culminaram na técnica de impressão iluminada, o primeiro capítulo discute a formação
tripla de Blake como gravurista, poeta e pintor. O segundo analisa o poema narrativo e as
ilustrações para Tiriel, livro que evidencia o primeiro esforço de Blake em unir texto e
imagem. O terceiro, além de detalhar o método iluminado de impressão, discute o contexto de
produção e as possíveis metas do seu autor ao empreender tal arte. O interlúdio apresenta uma
discussão metodológica sobre o tipo de análise e conceituação crítica para o estudo de sua
arte. Partindo dessa proposta, os capítulos seguintes objetivam uma interpretação dos
primeiros livros iluminados de Blake. Os capítulos 4 e 5 discutem as Canções de Inocência e
as Canções de Experiência, ao passo que o último se debruça sobre O Matrimônio de Céu e
Inferno. Tais capítulos demonstram como, na criação do artista, texto e imagem mantêm uma
dialógica relação de oposição e complementaridade que revela a meta do autor de fragilizar o
discurso dualista de seu tempo, seja ele científico ou religioso, ao propor uma arte centrada na
união de percepções físicas e mentais, visuais e textuais. O recorte metodológico prioriza na
primeira parte desta tese uma discussão sobre o contexto cultural da arte de Blake e na
segunda uma análise dos processos de leitura, observação e interpretação de seus livros.
Books on the topic "Linguistic blame"
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Edward, Blake. Speech of Hon. Edward Blake, M.P., on the French language in the North-West: Friday, 14th February, 1890. Brown Chamberlin, 2000.
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Esterhammer, Angela. Creating states: Studies in the performative language of John Milton and William Blake. University of Toronto Press, 1994.
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3
J, Blake Barry, Siewierska Anna, and Song Jae Jung 1958-, eds. Case, typology, and grammar: In honor of Barry J. Blake. J. Benjamins, 1998.
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(Editor), Jae Jung Song, and Anna Siewierska (Editor), eds. Case, Typology and Grammar: In Honor of Barry J. Blake (Typological Studies in Language). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 1998.
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de, Iongh Ruth, Troughton Jane, and Orleans House Gallery, eds. 'A blaze of light without a focus': An exhibition to commemorate the centenary of the death of Sir Richard Burton, Victorian explorer, writer, linguist, anthropologist, soldier and diplomat : 13 October-25 November 1990, Orleans House Gallery. London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, Leisure Services Department, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Linguistic blame"
1
Okrent, Arika, and Sean O’Neill. "Blame Ourselves." In Highly Irregular. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197539408.003.0006.
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This chapter evaluates how, over the centuries, as English became increasingly used in official institutions, written, taught, codified, and standardized, not only did the language change, but our idea of what the language is changed. All languages have rules—even unwritten, uncodified vernaculars. Linguistic rules are patterns, conventions for making utterances, that conform to certain general (though much debated) principles of human language ability. Languages that are written, codified, and standardized also have explicitly endorsed or prescribed rules. Rules that are taught and enforced to a certain degree, but not necessarily followed. Correctness in language can be defined in relation to rules that are either tacit conventions or explicitly formalized prescriptions. Over time, because language is something people do, both kinds of rules will change. Language also interacts with formal logic, the axioms and rules of inference, but it plays by its own rules. Ultimately, when it comes to language, we are creatures of habit and creatures of creativity.
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Regier, Alexander. "Blake and Hamann." In Exorbitant Enlightenment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827122.003.0004.
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This chapter contextualizes Blake’s and Hamann’s radical propositions about language and reason. For them, language is both ‘the mother of reason and revelation’ but ‘also the centre point of the misunderstanding of reason with itself’. In contrast to the emerging Lockean philosophical status quo of the times, they reject any functional account of language, and instead argue that poetry lies at the origin of all creative thinking (‘poetry is the mother-tongue of the human race’). Blake and Hamann create an account of language (the ‘uterus of thought’) that presents poetic expression as the most concentrated and truthful way of generating meaning, not just in the past, but also today. Crucially, for Blake and Hamann, language and reason are inextricably connected, suggesting that thinking itself is poetical. In their exorbitant epistemology and ontology, Blake and Hamann emerge as two major critics of the eighteenth-century linguistic thinking and philosophy.
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Malawey, Victoria. "Introduction." In A Blaze of Light in Every Word. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052201.003.0001.
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Arguing for the importance of vocal delivery in music analysis to better understand signification in popular music recordings, this chapter presents a conceptual model for analysis, places vocal elements along a continuum of dimensionality, and argues for the use of transcription and spectrographic analysis. It provides an overview of various disciplinary understandings of voice, ranging from the sonic materiality of sound, literal phonological and linguistic approaches, to more abstract philosophical and literary approaches. Finally, complexities to understanding the signification of voice, while vexing, also compel a systematic investigation of the ways in which we understand voices, and the elements that contribute to the richness of vocal signification.
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Rodríguez, Janice Snow. "Language Policy Argumentation and Rhetoric, Pre- and Post-9/11." In Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5003-9.ch003.
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In the post-9/11 era, the debate on the necessity of an official language has resurfaced. While the historical context for the policy push has changed, have the underlying arguments for official English? To consider this question, the content of legislation, discourse, and media coverage of state-level English language policy debates before and after September 11, 2001 was analyzed. Nearly 2000 texts spanning 1994 through 2008 were examined to return composite scores for 5 overarching semantic features and 35 sub-features. Statistical analyses indicate significant differences between the pre- and post-9/11 legislation in the variable commonality. In the post-9/11 groupings of news stories and opinion pieces, the variable certainty decreased significantly, while realism and the sub-variables denial and blame increased significantly. This study provides an additional perspective on the events of 9/11, examines the role of persuasive argumentation in the policy process, and expands the tools available to the policy analyst.
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Malawey, Victoria. "Pitch." In A Blaze of Light in Every Word. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052201.003.0002.
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The domain of pitch refers to listeners’ perceptions of frequency. Pitch’s most transparent and absolute aspects—range, tessitura, and intonation—interrelate with registration, a nuanced multidimensional aspect engaging both pitch and quality. Leonard Cohen’s iconic “Hallelujah” (1984) and cover versions by Jeff Buckley (1994), Rufus Wainwright (2001), k. d. lang (2004), Imogen Heap (2006), Alexandra Burke (2008) and Kate McKinnon (2016) serve as exemplars for investigating aspects of pitch. Drawing upon disparate fields ranging from vocal science to feminist linguistics, this chapter also examines how aspects of pitch and registration relate to broader issues of identity formation, particularly as they serve as signifiers of gender and age.
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Spencer, Jane. "The Innovative Animals of Children’s Fiction." In Writing About Animals in the Age of Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857518.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the animals of early children’s fiction, showing that their didactic and affective purposes are rooted in the period’s conception of childhood as a time of special closeness to animal being. Children’s writers teach children to grow away from animality, but also use animals to encourage the child reader’s sympathy. The fiction’s message of kindness to animals depends both on reminding children of feelings they share with nonhuman creatures and on explaining human superiority. The chapter argues that children’s writers make a distinct contribution to a developing literature of animal subjectivity. They make significant innovations in narrative techniques for representing nonhuman viewpoints, not only in their use of animal narrators but in third-person narrative access to non-linguistic animal minds. Writers include Dorothy Kilner, Thomas Day, Sarah Trimmer, Anna Letitia Barbauld, Mary Wollstonecraft, William Blake, Dorothy Wordsworth, Maria Edgeworth, and Edward Augustus Kendall.
Conference papers on the topic "Linguistic blame"
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Zhou, Karen, Ana Smith, and Lillian Lee. "Assessing Cognitive Linguistic Influences in the Assignment of Blame." In Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.socialnlp-1.5.
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Park, Kunwoo, Zhufeng Pan, and Jungseock Joo. "Who Blames or Endorses Whom? Entity-to-Entity Directed Sentiment Extraction in News Text." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.358.
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Dutta, Shuvam. "Case Marking of Rava in Comparison with Bangla." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.8-2.
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Rava, also known as Kochakrew, is a Tibeto-Burmese language mainly spoken at the New Alipurduar and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, India. Bangla/Bengali is an Indo-Aryan Language spoken primarily in India and Bangladesh. Here, language mixing occurs, and within which case beomes a salient phenomenon. Case marking i s traditionally referred as ‘‘a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their heads’’ (Blake 1994). The present paper aims to investigate how case is formed in both Rava and Bangla. It mainly undertakes a study of case as a nominal inflectional category in Rava and Bangla and accounts for the morphological and syntactic features of case and case marking with special emphasis on their semantic significance.
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Jing, Liting, and Junfeng Ma. "Additive Manufacturing Adaptiveness Analysis Using Fuzzy Bayesian Network." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22535.
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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is a revolutionary manufacturing technology that can produce products in a layer by layer manner. Because of its significant merits in complex geometry and fast fabrication, AM has received worldwide attentions from both industries and academia. Although extensive studies have been conducted on the aspects of process design, prototyping, quality control and reliability, the study of adopting AM in the application is still not fully investigated, which motives this study. In order to close this gap, this study proposes a fuzzy Bayesian Network based approach to discover the applicability of AM. Twelve features of AM applicability obtained from existing literature have been considered in the analysis; fuzzy linguistic description was used to capture the users’ perception; fuzzy Bayesian Network based causation model was developed to study the AM’s adaptiveness. The jet engine blade case study was applied to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. The results showed that fuzzy Bayesian Network based causation approach is able to provide the robust and reliable results of applicability analysis and could also be extended to other risk assessment related design decision making process.
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Grimshaw, S. D., C. L. Sequeira, and M. Hewkin-Smith. "A Computational and Experimental Compressor Design Project for Japanese and British High-School Students." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56231.
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This paper describes an innovative, three-day, turbomachinery research project for Japanese and British high-school students. The project is structured using modern teaching theories which encourage student curiosity and creativity. The experience develops team-work and communication, and helps to break-down cultural and linguistic barriers between students from different countries and backgrounds. The approach provides a framework for other hands-on research projects which aim to inspire young students to undertake a career in engineering. The project is part of the Clifton Scientific Trust’s annual UK-Japan Young Scientist Workshop Programme. The work focuses on compressor design for jet engines and gas turbines. It includes lectures introducing students to turbomachinery concepts, a computational design study of a compressor blade section, experimental tests with a low-speed cascade and tutorials in data analysis and aerodynamic theory. The project also makes use of 3D printing technology, so that students go through the full engineering design process, from theory, through design, to practical experimental testing. Alongside the academic aims, students learn what it is like to study engineering at university, discover how to work effectively in a multinational team, and experience a real engineering problem. Despite a lack of background in fluid dynamics and the limited time available, the lab work and end of project presentation show how far young students can be stretched when they are motivated by an interesting problem.