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Ng, Wai Yee Elizabeth. "How are linguistic gaps bridged in the content-based, kindergarten classrooms? : a case study of focus on form in the pre-school context." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/494.
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Michalkova, Marcela. "Gender Asymmetries in Slovak Personal Nouns." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262189760.
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Barbuio, Eduardo. "Percepção da orientação sexual de homens gays e heterossexuais por meio de características acústicas da fala." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9212.
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Previous issue date: 2016-05-05<br>The main objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of phonetic characteristics of speech read by male speakers that can be used to identify them as having a "gay" or a heterosexual orientation. Thus, two groups were constituted, bringing together 14 informants from the city of Recife-PE. In the first group, 7 individuals, who declared themselves gays, were investigated; In the second, the other 7, self-declared heterosexuals. In order to better understand the phonetic characteristics, the audio recording of the voice of these men was subjected to tests of perception and later judged by hearers lay judges. As a specific objective, it was sought to investigate which acoustic clues, such as phrasal aspects and vowel and consonant sounds, could contribute to the fact that the listener's lay judges, non-specialists belonging to the area of Linguistics or corresponding, could attribute values to the sexual orientation of the 14 informants. The lay judges were allocated into three groups: a group of 25 gay men; A group of 25 heterosexual men; And a group consisting exclusively of 25 women whose sexual orientation was unknown. Another objective was to verify the efficiency of each of these three different groups of evaluating judges to identify the sexual orientation of the 14 informants, subdivided into the two groups. As theoretical basis for the thesis, the theoretical assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (LABOV, 1972, 1974, 1982, 1994) and Eckert (1989, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2010, 2012) were used and, for the analysis of the perception were used Gaudio (1994); Smyth, Jacobs and Rogers (2003); Levon (2007); Campbell-Kibler (2011); Lopes (2012) and Tracy, Bainter and Santariano (2015). In the research, significant differences in the duration of the seven tonic oral vowels /a/, /Ɛ/, /e/, /i/, /Ɔ/, /o/, /u/ produced by gay informants were found, especially in the mid near front /e/ and / Ɛ/ and in the central open low /a/. Differences, were also found in the fricative /s/ when in the final coda position, the productions of the group of gay men were longer than that of heterosexuals group. About the formants, the mean of F1 and F2 production of gay men were considerably higher than those of heterosexuals in all vowels, especially about the values of /i/, /Ɛ/, /e/ and /a/. Therefore, among the gay speakers, there was wider opening of the mandible and anterioration of the tongue in the production of the vowels. Significantly greater averages of pitch variability among gay informants were also verified. In most aspects, the averages of homosexual informants, whose were part of the research, were closer to the averages of gay informants participating in English-language surveys than the averages presented by the heterosexual informants. Thus, due to the similarities found in the results of some surveys, obtained among English and Portuguese speaking gay men, it seems plausible to affirm that there are some universal typical aspects that characterize a so-called "gay speech".<br>O presente trabalho teve por objetivo principal avaliar a existência de características fonéticas de falas lidas por falantes do sexo masculino que podem ser usadas para identifica-los como de orientação sexual “gay” ou heterossexual. Para isso, foram constituídos dois grupos, reunindo 14 informantes da cidade de Recife-PE. No primeiro, grupo, foram investigados 7 indivíduos, que se autodeclararam gays; no segundo, os outros 7, autodeclarados heterossexuais. Para melhor compreender as características fonéticas, o registro em áudio da voz desses homens foi submetido a testes de percepção e, posteriormente, julgado por ouvintes juízes leigos. Como objetivo específico, procurou-se investigar quais pistas acústicas, tais como aspectos frasais e sons de vogais e consoantes, poderiam contribuir para que os ouvintes juízes leigos, participantes não especialistas pertencentes à área de Linguística ou correlata, pudessem atribuir valores à orientação sexual dos 14 informantes. Os juízes leigos foram alocados em três grupos: um grupo formado por 25 homens gays; um grupo formado por 25 homens heterossexuais; e um grupo formado exclusivamente por 25 mulheres, cujas orientações sexuais nos eram desconhecidas. Outro objetivo foi verificar o grau de eficiência de cada um desses três diferentes grupos de juízes avaliadores, para identificar a orientação sexual dos 14 informantes, subdivididos nos dois grupos. Como base teórica para a tese, foram utilizados os pressupostos teóricos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 1972; 1974; 1982; 1994) e Eckert (1989, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2010, 2012) e, para análise dos testes de percepção foram utilizados Gaudio (1994); Smyth, Jacobs e Rogers (2003); Levon (2007); Campbell-Kibler (2011); Lopes (2012) e Tracy, Bainter e Santariano (2015). Na pesquisa foram encontradas diferenças significativas na duração das sete vogais orais tônicas, /a/, /Ɛ/, /e/, /i/, /Ɔ/, /o/, /u/ produzidas pelos informantes gays, principalmente nas vogais médias anteriores /e/ e / Ɛ/ e na baixa central /a/. Diferenças, também, foram encontradas na fricativa /s/ quando em posição de coda final, sendo as produções do grupo de homens gays mais duradouras que a dos heterossexuais. Com relação aos formantes, as médias de produção de F1 e F2 dos homens gays foram consideravelmente mais altas que as dos heterossexuais em todas as vogais, especialmente com relação aos valores de /i/, /Ɛ/, /e/ e /a/. Portanto, entre os falantes gays, houve maior abertura da mandíbula e anteriorização da língua na produção das vogais. Médias consideravelmente maiores de variabilidade do pitch dos informantes gays também foram verificadas. Na maioria dos aspectos, as médias dos informantes homossexuais brasileiros utilizados na pesquisa aproximaram-se mais das médias dos informantes gays participantes de pesquisas em língua inglesa do que das médias apresentadas pelos informantes heterossexuais. Assim, devido às semelhanças encontradas nos resultados de algumas pesquisas entre homens gays falantes de língua inglesa e os aqui obtidos, pode-se supor, sem tentar generalizar, que existem aspectos da fala que caracterizam uma chamada “fala gay’.
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Koc, Esen Saygin. "Metaperceptions and Identity Negotiation Strategies of Perceived Middle Eastern Immigrants in the U.S." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1595040508140111.
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Bourdages, Johanne S. "Parsing gaps: Evidence from French." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5893.
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This dissertation investigates the parsing of filler-gap dependencies in French, more specifically those found in the restrictive relative construction. The primary goal of this research is to examine a question raised by Stowe (1984; 1986) concerning whether the parser has access to islandhood knowledge. Stowe's (1984;1986) results are compatible with the view that this type of grammatical information is readily accessible for the parser's initial analysis. However, her results are ambiguous since in her study, islandhood was confounded with subject position, where she failed to find gap-location effect. This study will examine the CNP-constraint in object position. A second goal is to examine whether the parsing mechanism postulates a gap in any potential position or only when the position is also a potential end of the sentence. Most of the experiments in the field use sentences where false gaps are located in a position which can correspond to a potential end of a sentence. Thus, the "surprise" effect attributed to false gap filling could also be attributed to the parsing mechanism finding that it did not reach the end of the sentence as expected. This dissertation provides evidence compatible with the view that island constraints, in this case the Complex NP constraint, are readily available to the parser; however, it also provides indications that the potential end of the sentence effect is a factor which has to be considered in identifying a gap location.
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Sims, Andrea D. "Minding the gaps inflectional defectiveness in a paradigmatic theory /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157550938.
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Umoh, Idara Enobong. "A linguistic and cultural analysis of localisation practices on oil and gas company websites." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1376.
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Oil and Gas companies have the inevitable need to operate in a global environment and therefore have a global reach. This thesis seeks to understand the nature and degree of localisation of the websites in this industry. This thesis introduces two notions of ‘global’, and seeks to examine the relationship between them: the first of which is the Global reach or operations of companies and the second is where a company’s communication is localised in language and cultural terms. A company can be seen to be ‘global’ in one of these two notions and it is this relationship that this thesis seeks to explore. The contribution of this thesis firstly, is that it adds to previous studies of website localisation, which have focused primarily on consumer goods and the retail industry, by examining a different kind of industry. Secondly, it takes into account the important semiotic and symbolic dimensions of language and culture when looking at localisation practices. The thesis thus contributes to the growing literature on website localisation and practices in Multinational companies. This study was carried out on 387 corporate and country specific websites of 16 Oil and Gas Companies to understand the extent and nature of their localisation practises particularly the way that language and culture are presented. The websites were studied using a qualitative and quantitative research design which involved carrying out a linguistic/semiotic analysis and a cultural analysis to give a balanced perspective of localisation practices. The conclusions of the study were that the companies operated a ‘glocal’ strategy, a combination of both a localised and a globalised (standardised) strategy. The companies had a combination of globally standardised features such as the website layouts, images, colour schemes, logos and the use of global celebrities on their websites and a limited degree of localisation where the ‘local’ is signified by local country websites, local news stories, local languages, local celebrities, images of local sights, images of company’s local office buildings and local petrol stations.
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Tellier, Christine. "Universal licensing : implications for parasitic gap constructions." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75902.
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This dissertation investigates, within a Government-Binding framework, the licensing mechanisms which regulate the distribution of sentence-internal constituents. It is proposed that the licensing requirements apply across components, in the spirit of the Projection Principle of Chomsky (1981). Under the extended view of licensing proposed here ("Universal Licensing"), maximal projections must comply with the appropriate licensing requirements at every syntactic level of representation.<br>This allows for a more constrained model of grammar, under which a number of facts follow in a principled way; this is the case particularly with respect to constructions involving null operators. Thus, from the D- and S-Structure conditions on null operator licensing, we derive the cross-linguistic as well as the language-internal distribution of resumptive pronouns. Furthermore, some of the well-known, but so far stipulated, constraints on parasitic gap (PG) constructions are shown to follow from general principles: we explain for instance the fact that PGs must be sanctioned at S-Structure, as well as the inability of adjunct movement to license PGs.<br>The consequences of Universal Licensing on the distribution of PGs are examined with particular reference to adnominal PGs in French genitival relatives. It is shown that the properties displayed by these little-studied ("double dont") constructions, in conjunction with the Universal Licensing Principle, shed significant light on a number of issues, among which the thematic structure of nominals, and the nature of the locality constraints on null operator identification.
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Lukinmaa, V. (Visa). "Language variation and the linguistic gap between Scots and Standard English in Irvine Welsh’s Trainspotting." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201908312834.
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Abstract. This thesis will study language variation present in Scots through the lens of Irvine Welsh’s novel Trainspotting using a cross-linguistic analysis that compares Scots with Standard English. It will look at the lexical, grammatical, and phonological elements and identify reasons behind certain types of variation. The thesis seeks to create a basis for further study into Scots, as well as for the usability of Variational Pragmatics in the study of written language.
The theory is an amalgamation of two pioneering fields of linguistics research, pragmatics and dialectology, through which the analysis seeks to attain a perspective of language as a communicative tool, as well as a measure of society.
Salience is defined as the reason for language variation, alongside speech acts which alter the language through its utilization in discourse between the characters, and within context. The thesis also highlights the importance of context and background information, together with individual forms in language variation.Tiivistelmä. Tässä kandidaatintutkielmassa tarkastellaan kielenvaihtelua skotin kielessä Irvine Welshin romaanissa Trainspotting käyttäen monitieteellistä analyysia. Kieltä verrataan englannin yleiskieleen, jonka sanastoa, kielioppia sekä fonologisia piirteitä tarkastellaan kielellisen variaation syiden havainnoimiseksi. Tutkielma pyrkii luomaan perustan syvemmällä skotin kielen tarkastelulle sekä testaamaan variaatiopragmatiikan soveltuvuutta kirjoitetun tekstin tarkasteluun.
Variaatiopragmatiikka on kahden kielitieteen uraauurtavan teorian yhdistelmä: pragmatiikan ja murteentutkimuksen, jonka kautta analyysi pyrkii muodostamaan kuvauksen kielestä kommunikaatiovälineenä, sekä yhteiskunnan kuvaajana.
Huomattavuusmallia sovelletaan yhdessä puheaktiteorian kanssa, joita käytetään selityksenä puhetavalle keskustelussa. Tutkielma myös nostaa esille kontekstin ja yksilöllisten käytänteiden merkityksen kielenvaihtelussa.
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Sedivy, Julie Catherine. "The use of thematic relations in subject-gap filling." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7802.
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Freitas, Michael Luiz de. "Gays contanto suas histórias: uma análise organizacional, lexical e discursiva das narrativas de sair do armário." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7320.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as histórias de sair do armário sob seu aspecto organizacional, lexical e discursivo. Busca-se apontar que padrões organizacionais prevalecem nas histórias, que léxicos significativos predominam e como os léxicos predominantes são avaliados em termos de Afeto, Julgamento e Apreciação. Para o exame organizacional, a análise se apropria do quadro analítico de Labov e colaboradores (1967; 1972), por ser pioneiro nos estudos sobre narrativas orais de experiência pessoal; em seguida, lança mão dos elementos do Padrão Problema-Solução (PPS), proposto por Hoey (1983; 2001), por iluminar o aspecto cíclico das referidas histórias. Para a análise lexical, esse estudo se ampara nos preceitos e técnicas da investigação eletrônica de textos da Linguística de Corpus (TOGNINI BONELILI, 2001; SINCLAIR, 2004; BERBER-SARDINHA, 2004; McENERY e HARDIE, 2011), conjugado ao conjunto de programas WordSmith Tool 5.0 (SCOTT, 2010). Já sobre o aspecto discursivo, em especial sobre a linguagem da avaliação, a análise privilegiou a metafunção interpessoal da Linguística Sistêmico Funcional (Halliday, 2004) e lançou mão das categorias do subsistema da ATITUDE da Teoria da Avaliatividade, proposto por Martin (2000) e Martin e White (2005). O Corpus analisado consiste de sete narrativas, coletadas pelo método da Entrevista Narrativa, à qual se voluntariaram homossexuais do sexo masculino, entre (20) vinte a (30) anos de idade, oriundos da zona norte do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados da análise da organização da narrativa mostraram que as histórias de sair do armário são episódicas, são contadas com muitos recursos avaliativos como descritos por Labov e se organizam por meio do Padrão Problema-Solução. Os resultados da análise lexical revelaram a predominância do item eu e mãe/ela nas sete histórias coletivamente. Por fim a análise discursiva, sob a ótica da linguagem atitudinal, aponta que os itens eu e mãe/ela, que apontam para o narrador e suas mães, são marcados por Afeto (emoções) e Julgamento (comportamento). A dissertação em seu final combina as três linhas de análise para fazer uma reflexão sobre o peso social do que significa sair do armário para o sujeito gay<br>This work aims to investigate organizational, lexical and discursive aspects of the so-called coming-out stories. It seeks to point out the stories organizational patterns and significant lexis and how this lexis may be evaluated in terms of Affect, Judgement and Appreciation. For the analysis of organization, the analysis resorts to Labov (1967, 1972) and collaborators analytical framework, because of their pioneer work in the studies of oral narratives of personal experience, and then it makes use of elements of the Problem-Solution Patterns (PPS) , proposed by Hoey (1983, 2001), for illuminating the cyclic aspect of those stories . For the lexical analysis, this study resorts to the precepts and techniques of electronic research of texts in Corpus Linguistics (TOGNINI-BONELILI, 2001; SINCLAIR, 2004; BERBER-SARDINHA, 2004; McEnery&HARDIE, 2011), and the suite of programs WordSmith Tool 5.0 (Scott, 2010). On the discursive aspect, in particular in terms of the language of Appraisal, the analysis focuses on the interpersonal metafunction of Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday, 2004) and makes use of subsystem of Attitude categories from Appraisal Theory, as proposed by Martin (2000) and Martin and White (2005) . The corpus analyzed consists of seven narratives collected by means of the Narrative Interview method. These were collected from seven volunteer gay males, between twenty to thirty years of age, born and living in Rio de Janeiro. The results of the analysis of the narrative organization suggests that Coming Out stories are episodic, are told with many evaluative resources as described by Labov and are organized by the Problem-Solution Pattern. The results of lexical analysis revealed the predominance of the item eu and mãe/ela in the seven stories collectively. Finally, the discourse analysis, from the perspective of attitudinal language, points out that the items eu and mãe/ela, the narrators and their mothers, are represented by Affect (emotions ) and Judgement (behavior). The dissertation in its final stages combines the three lines of analysis to make a reflection upon the social weight of coming out for the gay individual
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Hasan, Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud. "Bridging the linguistic and cultural gap between Arabic and English : polysemy and culture-specific expressions in Qur’ān translation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6420/.
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The present project investigates two problematic issues in Qur’ān translation: polysemy (see Chapters One, Three, and Four) and culture-specific expressions (see Chapter Five). In the treatment of the former, the current research adopts theories of context and culture in translation and related fields, such as anthropology and linguistics (see 2.5). In treating the latter, approaches to ‘culture’ and ‘function’ in translation studies are adopted (see 5.2). The central argument postulated is that the cultural dimension involved in the use of polysemy and culture-specific expressions in the Qur’ān requires expanding the scope of analysis to include not only the linguistic but the cultural aspects as well (see 1.4.2.2; see also 1.2.3). The current research has four main original contributions. First, it is original to examine polysemy and culture-specific expressions in the Qur’ān from a translation perspective. To carry out this task, a contextual view of meaning, which embraces both the language and culture of the Qur’ān, has been adopted. Central to this type of analysis are: (i) theories of context in anthropology, linguistics and translation (cf. Malinowski 1923/1949; Firth 1964; Halliday 1978; Halliday and Hasan 1989, Gee 1999/2011; Baker 2006, House 2006, Paltridge 2006/2011, Keating and Duranti 2011), (ii) the ‘cultural turn’ in translation studies (cf. Katan 1998/2009; Sturge 1998/2009; Katan 1999/2004; Appiah 2000; Hermans 2003; Faiq 2004; Abdul-Raof 2005; Snell-Hornby 2006; Katan 2009; House 2009; Hatim 2009; Bassnett 2011(a) and (iii) approaches to culture and function in translation (cf. Holz-Mänttäri 1984; Reiss and Vermeer 1984/2013; Vermeer 1989/2000) (see Chapter Two; see also 5.2). Second, the linguistic and cultural layers of meaning involved in the translation into English of polysemy in the Qur’ān have been analyzed in the light of Nida and Taber’s ‘contextual consistency’ (Nida and Taber 1969/1982: 15; see 2.6). These aspects of meaning are intended to be a guide for the future translators of the Qur’ān in their never-ending attempts to resolve the linguistic as well as cultural ambiguity involved in the translation into English of polysemy in the Qur’ān. Third, seven linguistic as well as cultural tools of textual analysis involved in the translation into English of polysemy in the Qur’ān have been suggested. These tools are: (i) the collocational relations and oppositeness, (ii) general meaning and anaphoric signals, (iii) cataphoric signals, (iv) grammatical aspects, (v) metaphoric interpretation, (vi) 'context of situation' and (v) ‘context of culture’ (see 4.5; see also 4.7). The ultimate goal is to raise the future Qur’ān translators' awareness of the correlation between language and culture in Qur’ān translation (see 4.4; see also 4.6). Fourth, the cultural implications involved in the translation into English of culture-specific expressions in the Qur’ān have been investigated in the light of Hall and Trager’s ‘technical’ level of culture (Hall 1959) (see 5.4). The point at which polysemy and culture-specific expressions in the Qur’ān intersect is the correlation between translation and culture (see 1.4.4). The research data on polysemy was collected both from the Qur’ān itself and from six Qur’ān dictionaries, where polysemy is a central issue: Ibn al-cImād (1977), Ibn al-Jawzī (1979), Al-Dāmaghānī (1983), Al-Zarkashī (1988), Al-Sayūṭī (1999) and Ibn Sulaymān (2001). The research data on culture-specific expressions in the Qur’ān was collected from the Qur’ān itself, with particular emphasis on the categories of culture proposed by Newmark (1988) and Katan (1999/2004) (see 5.5). The research has shown that polysemy in the Qur’ān expands to communicate five layers of meaning: (i) the metaphoric meaning, (ii) the collocated and situational meaning, (iii) the emotive meaning, (iv) the general meaning, and (v) the cultural meaning (see 4.3). It has also been found that ‘technical’ culture-specific expressions in the Qur’ān cover ten semantic fields: (i) theological expressions, (ii) social customs, (iii) family expressions, (iv) behaviour expressions, (v) Qur’ān legal terms, (vi) material culture, (vii) nature expressions, (viii) culture-specific times, (ix) culture-specific figures, and (x) culture-specific emotions (see 5.6). These categories have closely been analyzed with one central argument in mind: appreciating the language and culture of the Qur’ān is the key to decode the cultural implications involved in the treatment of culture-specific expressions in the Qur’ān.
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Kowalik, Natalie. "The engagement of top management in IT discourse." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20072.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) top management is responsible for the risk management in their company. In today‟s world, businesses are relying more and more heavily on IT and often this can be seen as a huge risk. As a potential risk factor and an integral part of any business, IT therefore falls under the portfolio of top management. However, there is a general perception, especially among dedicated IT professionals, that there is a gap between business, that is top management, and IT and that successful communication is not always achieved. The lack of successful communication between top management and IT role players could have a negative impact on a business‟ ability to operate fully. This study is therefore concerned with the investigation of how top management (the IT decision makers in a company) engage in the discourse of IT. It aims to identify whether a communication gap between business (top management) and IT truly does exist and, if so, why.
The data for this study takes the form of recorded, semi-structured interviews with IT role-players and directors/managers who have IT as part of their portfolio, from ten SMEs in the greater Cape Town area.
This study is undertaken in the framework of semantic discourse analysis, concentrating on two notions of coherence, that of van Dijk‟s (1985) model of macrostructures and Brown and Yule‟s (1983) notion of „discourse topic‟. This approach is used in order to analyse the transcribed interviews with both top management and IT role players in order to determine whether the perception of a communication gap between business (top management) and IT is true and if so, what the reasons for this communication gap are. The analysis of the transcriptions allows the researcher to confirm the perception that a communication gap does exist and to identify two possible reasons as to why this communication gap exists, firstly, that there seems to be a lack of communication between IT and top management and, secondly, that top management‟s interpretation of what IT means to their company differs from that of their IT role players.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSMOMMING: In klein tot mediumgrootte ondernemings (KMOs) is topbestuur verantwoordelik vir die risikobestuur in hul maatskappy. In vandag se wêreld, maak besighede meer en meer staat op IT en dit kan dikwels beskou word as 'n groot risiko. As 'n potensiële risikofaktor en' n integrale deel van enige besigheid, val dit dus onder die portefeulje van die top bestuur. Daar is egter 'n algemene persepsie, veral onder toegewyde IT-profesionele, dat daar' n gaping tussen die besigheid, in ander woorde die topbestuur, en IT bestaan en dat suksesvolle kommunikasie nie altyd bereik word nie. Die gebrek aan suksesvolle kommunikasie tussen topbestuur en IT kan 'n negatiewe impak op' n onderneming se vermoë om ten volle te funksioneer he. Hierdie studie is dus gemoeid met die ondersoek van hoe topbestuur (die IT-besluitnemers in 'n maatskappy) betrokke raak in die diskoers met IT. Die doel is om vas te stel of 'n kommunikasie gaping tussen die besigheid (topbestuur) en IT werklik bestaan, en indien wel, waarom te identifiseer.
Die data vir hierdie studie neem die vorm van aangetekende, semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met rolspelers en direkteure / bestuurders wat IT as deel van hul portefeulje het in tien KMOs in die groter Kaapstad-gebied.
Hierdie studie is onderneem met die raamwerk van`n semantiese diskoers-analise, en konsentreer op die twee begrippe van samehang, dié van Van Dyk (1985) se model van makrostrukture en Brown en Yule (1983) se idee van `n 'diskoers onderwerp'. Hierdie benadering word gebruik om die getranskribeerde onderhoude met beide topbestuur en IT-rolspelers te analiseer en ten einde te bepaal of die persepsie van 'n kommunikasie gaping tussen die besigheid (topbestuur) en IT-rolspelers waar is en indien wel, wat die redes vir hierdie kommunikasie gaping is. Die ontleding van die transkripsies stel die navorser in staat om die persepsie dat 'n kommunikasie gaping bestaan te bevestig en om twee moontlike redes daarvoor te identifeer, in die eerste plek dat dit lyk asof daar' n gebrek aan kommunikasie tussen IT-rolspelers en die topbestuur bestaan, en tweedens, dat die topbestuur se interpretasie van wat IT beteken vir hul maatskappy verskil van dié van hul IT-rolspelers.
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Araújo, Murilo Silva de. "O amor de Cristo nos uniu : construções identitárias e mudança social em narrativas de vida de gays cristãos do grupo Diversidade Católica." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4887.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-14<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The relationship between Christian religions and the issue of non-heterosexual sexualities is usually taken as a historically troubled relationship, and this impression deepens when we observe, especially in the Brazilian political context, so many fundamentalist agents that advocate against the advancement of sexual and reproductive rights. In a scenario like this, in which Christians are routinely seen as the main enemies of LGBT people, it is remarkable that there are people and groups who claim to reconcile homosexualities with Christian religious experiences. It is the case of the Brazilian group Diversidade Católica [ Catholic Diversity ], which has existed since 2006 in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In order to provide deeper insights about the experiences of these people, this work discusses the processes of construction and affirmation of a gay Christian identity, by doing a critical discoursive analysis of life narratives from members of this group. We tried to identify, in their discourses, the ways of reconfiguration of the official doctrine of the Catholic Church, and the way they represent their religious collective experience in Diversidade Católica, in order to clarify issues touching the relations of control, power and hegemony in the relationship between Catholicism and sexualities. To meet these goals, we use the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Critical Discourse Analysis, based especially on the proposal of the British linguist Norman Fairclough (Fairclough, 2001 [1992], 2003; Chouliaraki & Fairclough, 1999). Furthermore, we also consider the reflections on control, discipline, power and sexuality developed by the philosopher Michel Foucault (1988 [1976], 2011 [1975], 2011 [1980]) and by theorists from the field of Queer Theory (Butler, 2003a [1990], 2003b; Louro, 2001, 2009; Miskolci, 2007, 2009, 2012; Salih, 2012). With the analysis, we were able to realize that narrators use many linguistic resources to represent both elements of their identity as characteristics that cannot be abandoned, changed or negotiated. At first, this non-negotiable duality is represented as a conflict; but then, this same duality is what causes a process of recontextualization of meanings about faith and religiousness meanings which become open to acceptance and appreciation of homosexuality.<br>A relação entre as religiões cristãs e a questão das sexualidades não-heterossexuais é tomada historicamente como uma relação conturbada, impressão que se aprofunda quando observamos, especialmente no contexto brasileiro, as tantas vozes fundamentalistas que investem no impedimento do avanço dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Num panorama como este, em que cristãos são costumeiramente vistos como os principais inimigos da população LGBT, é curioso observar a existência de pessoas e grupos que, em sentido contrário, afirmam conciliar as homossexualidades com a vivência religiosa cristã a exemplo do grupo Diversidade Católica, que atua desde o ano de 2006 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A fim de visibilizar e oferecer compreensões mais aprofundadas a respeito das experiências desses sujeitos, este trabalho procura discutir, a partir de uma análise discursivo-crítica, os processos de construção e afirmação de uma identidade gay cristã, em narrativas de vida de membros do mencionado grupo. Procuramos identificar no discurso desses indivíduos os modos de reconfiguração do discurso oficial da Igreja, bem como a maneira como representam a sua vivência coletiva de fé no Diversidade Católica, a fim de elucidar questões tocantes às relações de controle, poder e hegemonia no campo do catolicismo e da sexualidade. Para atender estes objetivos, nos vinculamos aos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Análise de Discurso Crítica, a partir da proposta do seu principal expoente, o linguista britânico Norman Fairclough (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001 [1992], 2003; CHOULIARAKI & FAIRCLOUGH, 1999). Consideramos também as reflexões sobre controle, disciplina, poder e sexualidade desenvolvidas pelo filósofo Michel Foucault (1988 [1976], 2011 [1975], 2011 [1980]) e aprofundadas no campo da Teoria Queer (BUTLER, 2003a [1990], 2003b; LOURO, 2001, 2009; MISKOLCI, 2007, 2009, 2012; SALIH, 2012). Com a análise, pudemos perceber que os indivíduos utilizam recursos linguísticos diversos para representar ambos os traços de sua identidade como sendo elementos inegociáveis, que não podem ser abandonados. Se, num primeiro momento, isso se articula em forma de conflito, em seguida, constitui o eixo de um processo de recontextualização de significados do campo da fé, que passam a se abrir para uma compreensão de acolhida e valorização da homossexualidade.
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LEAL, REYES CARLOS ALBERTO 328642, and REYES CARLOS ALBERTO LEAL. "Los Otros Hijos de Dios: Construcción de Identidades en Cristianos Evangélicos Gays y Lesbianas de Argentina." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/49433.
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Los procesos de incorporación a un grupo o una serie de prácticas sociales particulares implican el desarrollo de vínculos comunitarios cimentados en sistemas donde se expresan las dimensiones de “uno” y “los otros” en niveles tanto individuales como colectivos. Estos sistemas, entendidos como referencias, vinculan dialécticamente lo subjetivo con la generalidad mediante valores, normas y representaciones sostenidas en códigos, valores, proyectos y experiencias.
El individuo en este contexto puede construir mediante diversos recursos, formas de “estar en el mundo” a partir de una “búsqueda de sentido” que permite resolver de manera funcional, los problemas de la vida cotidiana mediante la explicaciones materiales o simbólicas. Conflictos como la muerte, las desigualdades económicas o políticas así como la exclusión a distintos niveles son explicados mediante una serie de expresiones culturales que funcionan como alternativas donde puede escribirse de manera constante la historia personal.
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Scholes, Paul A. "The Development of Two Units for BTR TESOL: "Basic Principles of Second Language Acquisition" and "Communicative Language Teacher and Information Gap Exercises"." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2430.
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A team of graduate students from Brigham Young University under the supervision of the main author Dr. Lynn Henrichsen collaborated on creating a book, as well as a website, Basic Training and Resources for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (BTR TESOL). The entire project consists of 10 sections with nearly 50 units addressing topics that novice teachers should know before teaching English to non-native speakers. The BTR TESOL program provides basic material for untrained novice teachers that will help them to be better prepared to face the challenges and responsibilities of teaching English. This write-up describes the creation of two units titled "Basic Principles of Second Language Acquisition" and "Communicative Language Teaching and Information Gap Exercises." The first unit, "Basic Principles of Second Language Acquisition," educates novice teachers about some of the basic theoretical concepts of second language acquisition that can be applied directly to teaching. It also includes a discussion of variables that can affect second language acquisition. The second unit, "Communicative Language Teaching and Information Gap Exercises," introduces novice teachers to basic principles of the communicative approach and the steps involved in the creation and implementation of information gap exercises. Both units include an opening scenario and a list of the objectives of the unit. Following the main content, there is an audio or video segment related to the theme of each unit as well as reflection questions. The final section directs readers to resources where they can go to learn more about the subject.
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Macedo, Fábio Ricardo. "Arrasou! A linguagem de gays e trans na tradução para dublagem de Almodóvar /." São José do Rio Preto, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192757.
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Orientador: Lauro Maia Amorim<br>Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o camp talk (fenômeno sociolinguístico que ocorre entre alguns falantes homossexuais masculinos e mulheres transgêneras) na tradução para dublagem dos filmes Todo sobre mi madre (1999) e La mala educación (2004), ambos de Pedro Almodóvar, com foco na maneira como as identidades performadas pelas personagens gays e transgêneras foram recriadas no texto traduzido, apurando se houve maior assimilação à ideologia heteronormativa dominante ou se tal tradução foi recriada para servir como resistência diante dessa mesma ideologia. O presente trabalho apoia-se nos conceitos defendidos por Lefevere (2007) e Venuti (2013), dentro do escopo dos Estudos de Tradução, em Hall (2002) e Silva (2014), para os estudos sobre identidade e, por fim, em Butler (2003) e Harvey (1998), no âmbito da sexualidade e na interface entre tradução e gênero, respectivamente. Os filmes selecionados que compõem o corpus contêm personagens gays e travestis que fazem uso de um linguajar com características específicas. Buscou-se cotejar as falas originais com as traduções veiculadas na dublagem a fim de identificar aspectos lexicais, sintáticos, semânticos e fonológicos que contribuíram para a construção da identidade dos personagens do referido segmento social. Na análise realizada, foi possível perceber que o filme La mala educación apresentou maior tendência a assimilar essas identidades, ao passo que a dublagem do filme Todo sobre mi madre apostou em traduções mais hetero... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: In this work we analyze camp talk: a sociolinguistic phenomenon that occurs among male gay speakers and female transgenders, more specifically in the 1999 film Todo Sobre Mi Madre (All About My Mother), and in the 2004’s La Mala Educación (Bad Education), both by Pedro Almodóvar. We focus on the way the identities performed by gay and transgender characters are recreated with the translated scrypt, wether if there was more assimilation to the dominating heteronormative ideology, or if they used words that were rather an act of resistance against these principles. This work stands on concepts defended by Lefevere (2007) and Venuti (2013), within the scope of Translation Studies, by Hall (2002) and Silva (2014), when looked at the Identity Studies perspective, and by Butler (2003) and Harvey (1998), when it came to sexuality and the interface between translation and gender, respectively. These movies contain gay and transgender characters making use of a speech with very specific features, so we make a parallel between the original jargon with their corresponding equivalents used by the dubbed version in order to identify lexical, syntactic, semantic and phonological aspects that helped to build character identity in their related social segment. In this analysis, we noticed that La Mala Educación had a higher trend in assimilating such identity whereas Todo Sobre Mi Madre invested in more heterogeneous interpretations, making Agrado’s transgender identity visible.<br>Resumen: Este trabajo buscó analizar el camp talk (fenómeno sociolingüístico que sucede entre algunos hablantes homosexuales masculinos y mujeres transgénero) en el doblaje de las películas Todo sobre mi madre (1999) y La mala educación (2004), de Pedro Almodóvar, enfocando la manera como las identidades “performadas” por los personajes gais y transgéneros fueron recreadas en la traducción para que se averigüe si hubo mayor asimilación a la ideología heteronormativa dominante o si esa traducción fue recreada para actuar como resistencia frente a esa misma ideología. Este trabajo se basa en los conceptos defendidos por Lefevere (2007) y Venuti (2013), en el marco de la Traductología, en Hall (2002) y Silva (2014), para los estudios sobre identidad, y en Butler (2003) y Harvey (1998), en la esfera de la sexualidad y la interfaz entre traducción y género, respectivamente. Las películas elegidas que conforman el corpus contienen personajes gais y travestís que emplean un lenguaje con rasgos específicos. Se buscó cotejar las hablas de originales con las traducciones transmitidas en el doblaje para identificar aspectos lexicales, sintácticos, semánticos y fonológicos que colaboraron para que se construyera la identidad de los personajes de dicho segmento social. En el análisis, se constató que la traducción de La mala educación tuvo mayor tendencia a asimilar esas identidades, mientras que el doblaje de la película Todo sobre mi madre apostó por traducciones más heterogéneas que trajeron vi... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)<br>Mestre
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Pellén, Angelica. "The 'dark continent' : A translation study focusing on lexical gaps and style and tone in a text about the South African bush." Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6208.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The aim of this study was twofold. On the one hand, the aim was to discuss how lexical gaps can be solved or dealt with when a text about wildlife and nature different from that of the target culture is translated. On the other hand, the aim was also to discuss how the style and tone of such a text can be preserved and transferred into the target text. The study was qualitative and based on a translation into Swedish of short chapters of the book <em>Spirit of the Bush</em> by Peter Borchert, describing the South African wildlife and nature. The intended target reader of the translation is anyone with an interest in nature, wildlife and animals, as well as anyone with an interest in the history and culture of South Africa. Despite the fact that the terminology used in both the source text and the target text may require some previous knowledge on behalf of the reader, both texts could, nevertheless, very well be appreciated by a complete “wildlife-novice”. In order to create a theoretical base and a framework for the analysis, relevant research made in translation theory and stylistics was presented and discussed. Regarding lexical gaps, all the different strategies, apart from omission, proved to be of great help when the source text was translated into Swedish. Several examples of metaphors were discussed, such as how the wilderness is described as a <em>stage</em>, the animals as <em>actors</em>, and the visitors as making a <em>pilgrimage</em>. The metaphors in combination with the similes and the personifications in the source text, such as <em>bold</em> clouds and <em>confident</em> rivulets, fire the readers’ imagination and create a very vivid and capturing text. This is also something that supports the claim made that <em>Spirit of the Bush</em> is more than an ordinary informative text.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: translation, lexical gaps, style, tone, stylistics, wildlife, bush.</p><p> </p>
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Engels, Eva. "Adverb placement an optimality theoretic approach /." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974371874.
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Pivi, Margherita <1984>. "On the acquisition of Italian restrictive relative clauses in typical and atypical development." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4649.
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This work presents the results of an elicited production experiment on Italian restrictive relative clauses, administered to 116 children aged 6-10 with typical development, and 14 children with atypical development aged 6-11 (7 with a diagnosis of dyslexia, 7 with suspected dyslexia, that is with evident school difficulties). The experiment was conceived within a wider project held at the Department of Linguistics and Comparative Cultural Studies of the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, aiming at eliciting different syntactic structures (cleft sentences, relative clauses, direct wh-questions and passive sentences) in the same groups of children. In our work, we concentrate on the acquisition of relative clauses, analyzing important asymmetries between typical and atypical development. Moreover, we present two task modifications included in Novogrodsky and Friedmann’s (2006) Preference Task, initially designed for Hebrew and adapted for several experiments on Italian (Utzeri, 2006; 2007; Volpato, 2010; Contemori, 2011; Guasti et al., 2012). Differently from the studies quoted above, we also analyzed the asymmetries between gap and resumptive ORs, regarding the status of the head (demonstrative pronoun quello/lexical DP) and the position of embedded subjects (preverbal/post-verbal). Importantly, this is the first study on Italian presenting data on the nature of the relative head, and the differences in elicited production between TD children and children with Developmental Dyslexia.<br>La tesi presenta i risultati di un esperimento di produzione elicitata di frasi relative restrittive in bambini italiani dai 6 ai 10 anni di età, con sviluppo tipico o dislessia. L'esperimento si inserisce in un progetto più ampio di elaborazione di un nuovo test di produzione volto a elicitare le seguenti strutture sintattiche: frasi relative soggetto/oggetto, frasi scisse soggetto/oggetto, passive e domande. Nella tesi ci focalizziamo sull'acquisizione delle relative restrittive nelle varie fasce d'età e sulle asimmetrie riscontrate in presenza di sviluppo tipico/atipico, individuando linee di demarcazione utili alla pratica clinica. Inoltre, presentiamo importanti modifiche apportate al test della Preferenza elaborato da Novogrodsky e Friedmann (2006) per la produzione elicitata di frasi relative nell'ebraico, e successivamente adattato per il suo utilizzo in vari studi sull'italiano (Utzeri, 2006; 2007; Volpato, 2010; Contemori, 2011; Guasti et al., 2012), nonché nel presente studio. In questo modo, ci inseriamo nell'acceso dibattito sull'acquisizione delle frasi relative fornendo dati importanti sulle differenze riscontrabili in acquisizione in presenza di sviluppo tipico o atipico. Diversamente dagli studi sopra citati, abbiamo riscontrato e analizzato delle asimmetrie fra relative con gap e relative resuntive, riguardanti la natura della testa (quello/DP lessicale) e la posizione dei soggetti (preverbali/postverbali); inoltre, questo è il primo studio sull’Italiano che presenta dati sulla natura della testa relativa in bambini normodotati/con dislessia, individuando differenze nella produzione fra i vari gruppi di età.
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Lange, Ryan. "Color Naming, Multidimensional Scaling, and Unique Hue Selections in English and Somali Speakers Do Not Show a Whorfian Effect." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449158554.
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Song, Wanlu. "Learning vocabulary without tears : a comparative study of the jigsaw and information gap tasks in vocabulary acquisition at school." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8493.
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The primary purpose of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of the jigsaw task and information gap tasks in understanding new words and retaining them. Sixteen pupils aged between eleven and twelve were involved in the study and divided into two groups. They were allocated either a jigsaw task or an information gap task. This study consists of a pre-test, immediate post-test, delayed post-test as well as a questionnaire. The pupils were required to carry out the chosen tasks, tested immediately and then one week later. The results of the questionnaire are also discussed in order to establish the pupils’ attitudes towards their allotted tasks. The results revealed marginally higher scores in the immediate post-test for pupils performing the information gap task in terms of recognizing the meaning of words. However, this advantage disappeared when it came to the depth of vocabulary knowledge and word meaning retention. Pupils performing jigsaw task outperformed group B in productive vocabulary knowledge and their retention. The gain in vocabulary among pupils who performed the jigsaw task is most evident in the delayed post-test. This result is consistent with the pupils’ assertion that they enjoyed doing the jigsaw task more than the information gap task. To sum up, the jigsaw task best promotes pupils understanding of words and their retention.
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Silva, Daniel de Augustinis. "O gênero anúncio eletrônico pessoal e as escolhas de seus anunciantes: uma análise do posicionamento atitudinal de gays e heterossexuais na internet." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=445.
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Este trabalho se situa na fronteira entre os estudos culturais e os estudos lingüísticos. Ele tem como objetivo observar possíveis diferenças em termos de organização de gênero e escolhas lexicais entre os anúncios pessoais feitos por gays e heterossexuais do sexo masculino. O corpus de análise consiste de quarenta anúncios retirados de dois sites de encontros da Internet, sendo que vinte são originariamente escritos por gays e os outros vinte por heterossexuais do sexo masculino. A base desta pesquisa se encontra nos trabalhos de Swales (1990) e Bhatia (1993) sobre a descrição de gêneros e no trabalho de Hoey (1997) sobre narrativas eróticas. Deste último retiramos alguns conceitos sobre a auto-descrição e a descrição do objeto de desejo. Inicialmente, os anúncios eletrônicos pessoais são comparados com anúncios pessoais impressos (cf. Shalom 1997), na tentativa de verificar como os anúncios impressos podem ter se adaptado ao meio digital. Num segundo momento, a análise se concentra na aplicação do sistema de Avaliação (ou Appraisal) de Martin e White (2005) a fim de caracterizarmos como os gays e heterossexuais do sexo masculino avaliam a si próprios e a seus objetos de desejo. A dissertação sugere que há diferenças relacionadas ao posicionamento atitudinal dos gays e heterossexuais, especialmente em relação à utilização de Afeto. Observam-se diferenças também não previstas por nossas perguntas de pesquisa, que não podem ser atribuídas nem às organizações diferentes dos sites, nem às escolhas lexicais dos anunciantes, mas sim aos tipos de sites e audiências escolhidos pelos anunciantes<br>The present work lies on the borderline of cultural and linguistic studies. It aims at examining whether there are differences concerning genre organization and lexical choices in ads filled in by gay and heterosexual males. The corpus consists of forty ads from two dating sites on the internet: twenty are originally written by gay males and the other twenty are written by heterosexual males. This research draws on works such as Swales (1990) and Bhatias (1993) on genre description and on Hoeys (1997) on erotic narratives. From the latter we have borrowed a few key concepts to help us analyze self and other description. At an early stage, the internet ads are compared to printed ads (cf. Shalom 1997) in an attempt to check how these ads should have adapted to the digital medium. Afterwards, we resort to Martin and Whites (2005) Appraisal system so as to characterize how gays and heterosexuals see themselves and their desired others. The dissertation suggests that there are differences related to the attitudinal positioning of gays and heterosexuals, particularly in the use of Affect. There are also findings unforeseen at the beginning of the research. In other words, these differences do not come down either to the variation in the organization of the sites, or to the lexical choices of the advertisers, but rather to the kind of site chosen by the advertisers
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Helmersson, Benjamin. "Definition Extraction From Swedish Technical Documentation : Bridging the gap between industry and academy approaches." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131057.
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Terminology is concerned with the creation and maintenance of concept systems, terms and definitions. Automatic term and definition extraction is used to simplify this otherwise manual and sometimes tedious process. This thesis presents an integrated approach of pattern matching and machine learning, utilising feature vectors in which each feature is a Boolean function of a regular expression. The integrated approach is compared with the two more classic approaches, showing a significant increase in recall while maintaining a comparable precision score. Less promising is the negative correlation between the performance of the integrated approach and training size. Further research is suggested.
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Granatiero, Valentina. "L'invisibilità delle donne durante le emergenze sanitarie: la gestione italiana dell'epidemia di Covid-19." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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Il presente elaborato ha l’obiettivo di analizzare come la credenza che il punto di vista maschile sia neutro abbia portato a un vuoto di dati di genere, causando una superficiale gestione delle problematiche che riguardano nello specifico il sesso e il genere femminile, soprattutto durante situazioni di crisi nazionale. In particolare, è stata analizzata la gestione italiana dell’emergenza sanitaria di Covid-19 e le relative conseguenze sulla popolazione femminile. La tesi è suddivisa in due capitoli: il primo si focalizza sull’analisi delle task force create per far fronte alla crisi sanitaria, composte prevalentemente da uomini, per poi focalizzarsi sul dissenso che ne è scaturito e la conseguente integrazione di nuove esperte nelle task force. Il secondo capitolo si concentra sulle problematiche legate al sesso e al genere femminile che sono andate ad aggravarsi durante il periodo di lockdown e le relative conseguenze sulla vita e sulla salute delle donne.
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Sönnfors, Pompom. "Samtal med en sökmotor : En språkteknologisk undersökning av dialogen mellan Språkrådets frågelåda och dess användare." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62948.
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Språkrådet besvarar språkfrågor på internet via sin webbaserade frågelåda, men den ger inte så många svar som den skulle kunna. Jag har undersökt hur frågelådan bjuder in besökarna till dialog och hur den upprätthåller dialogen i enlighet med inbjudan. Jag har också undersökt hur den tekniska plattform som frågelådan vilar på bidrar till kommunikationen. Det visade sig att en del av frågelådans erbjudande är nästan omöjligt att ta del av på grund av tekniska och språkliga begränsningar, men också att det bör vara möjligt att med relativt enkla språkteknologiska medel minska det glapp som finns mellan frågelådan och dess sökare.
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Lee, Sun-Hee. "A lexical analysis of select unbounded dependency constructions in Korean." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5num=osu1086106196.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 193 p. : ill. Advisor: Carl Pollard, Dept. of Linguistics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-193).
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Delumeau, Fabrice. "UNE DESCRIPTION LINGUISTIQUE DU CREOLE GUADELOUPEEN DANS LA PERSPECTIVE DE LA GENERATION AUTOMATIQUE D'ENONCES." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169457.
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Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une description du créole guadeloupéen dans la perspective de la génération automatique d'énoncés en créole, à partir du français contemporain. En ce qui concerne les domaines phonologique et morphophonologique, les régularités observées se traduisent par des règles (qui rendent compte de ce qu'il convient de nommer la « créolisation synchronique »). En ce qui concerne le domaine syntaxique, l'accent est mis sur les différences entre le français et le créole, et une description formalisée des principales constructions du créole guadeloupéen est présentée.
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Pettersson, Ulf. "Textmedierade virtuella världar : Narration, perception och kognition." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29606.
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This thesis synthezises theories from intermedia studies, semiotics, Gestalt psychology, cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, cognitive poetics, reader response criticism, narratology and possible worlds-theories adjusted to literary studies. The aim is to provide a transdisciplinary explanatory model of the transaction between text and reader during the reading process resulting in the reader experiencing a mental, virtual world. Departing from Mitchells statement that all media are mixed media, this thesis points to Peirce’s tricotomies of different types of signs and to the relation between representamen (sign), object and interpretant, which states that the interpretant can be developed into a more complex sign, for example from a symbolic to an iconic sign. This is explained in cognitive science by the fact that our perceptions are multimodal. We can easily connect sounds and symbolic signs to images. Our brain is highly active in finding structures and patterns, matching them with structures already stored in memory. Cognitive semantics holds that such structures and schematic mental images form the basis for our understanding of concepts. In cognitive linguistics Lakoff and Johnsons theories of conceptual metaphors show that our bodily experiences are fundamental in thought and language, and that abstract thought is concretized by a metaphorical system grounded in our bodily, spatial experiences. Cognitive science has shown that we build situation models based on what the text describes. These mental models are simultaneously influenced by the reader’s personal world knowledge and earlier experiences. Reader response-theorists emphasize the number of gaps that a text leaves to the reader to fill in, using scripts. Eye tracking research reveals that people use mental imaging both when they are re-describing a previously seen picture and when their re-description is based purely on verbal information about a picture. Mental spaces are small conceptual packets constructed as we think and talk. A story is built up by a large number of such spaces and the viewpoint and focus changes constantly. There are numerous possible combinations and relations of mental spaces. For the reader it is important to separate them as well as to connect them. Mental spaces can also be blended. In their integration network model Fauconnier and Turner describe four types of blending, where the structures of the input spaces are blended in different ways. A similar act of separation and fusion is needed dealing with different diegetic levels and focalizations, the question of who tells and who sees in the text. Ryan uses possible worlds-theories from modal logic to describe fictional worlds as both possible and parallel worlds. While fictional worlds are comparable to possible worlds if seen as mental constructions created within our actual world, they must also be treated as parallel worlds, with their own actual, reference world from which their own logic stems. As readers we must recenter ourselves into this fictional world to be able to deal with states of affairs that are logically impossible in our own actual world. The principle of minimal departure states that during our recentering, we only make the adjustments necessary due to explicit statements in the text.
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Lundberg, Christoffer. "CoFramer : Ett diskussionsformat för djupa diskussioner på publika forum med låg Information Overload inspirerat av Philosophy for Children." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76277.
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Syftet med studien är att presentera ett designkoncept för publika diskussioner på nätet med målet att uppnå djupare diskussioner och minska mängden information overload. Arbetet använder metoden Concept Driven Interaction Design (CDID) som går ut på att skapa ett designkoncept utifrån flera olika teorier som appliceras genom interaktionsdesign. Ett designkoncept innehåller tre delar: ett namn, ett syfte och huvudprinciper. CDID innehåller sju steg som arbetet är utformat efter: 1. Concept Generation – Summeras i en tabell som jämför diskussioner i forum (med flera antagande) och diskussioner med hjälp av metoden Philosophy for Children (P4C), samt annan teori. 2. Concept Exploration – Åtta olika designaspekter identifieras utifrån jämförelsetabellen. 3. Internal Concept Critique – Designaspekterna jämförs med två snarlika diskussionsformat. 4. Design of Artifacts – Designkoncept version 1 skapas. 5. External Design Critique – Intervjuer utförs för att undersöka intervjupersonerna generella erfarenheter av online diskussioner, testar antagandena från jämförelsetabellen och ge direkt feedback på första versionen av designkonceptet. 6. Concept Revisited – Ändringar görs baserat på intervjumaterial och direkt feedback. 7. Concept Contextualization – Designkonceptet kopplas tillbaka till litteraturen. Studien resulterar i ett designkoncept kallat CoFramer och stödjer dessa huvudprinciper som ställs i kontrast till material som identifierats genom intervjuerna: Tabell 1: CoFramers huvudprinciper och faktorer från intervjuer om diskussioner på forum. CoFramers huvudprinciper | Från intervjuer om diskussioner på forum Strukturerad början och slut | Diskussion utan tydligt slut Begränsat antal deltagare | Stor mängd deltagare Minimum antal deltagare | Många inaktiva åskådare Explicita deltagare | Lite information om deltagare Gemensamma förutsättningar | Otydlighet kring deltagares förutsättningar Begränsad informationstäthet per inlägg | Långa inlägg och/eller snabba inlägg Den röda tråden och parallella trådar | Oftast parallella trådar Aktiv samtalsledare | Outredda missförstånd Studien indikerar på att CoFramer bör resultera i mer strukturerade diskussioner och som utsätter användaren för en lägre mängd information overload och mindre grounding cost jämfört med vad som vanligtvis uppstår i publika diskussioner online.<br>The focus of this essay is to develop a design concept for online public discussions with deep discussions and low information overload. The method used is Concept Driven Interaction Design (CDID) which involves constructing a design concept by applying a variety of theories in tangible interaction design. A design concept has three basic parts: a name, high-level goals and outlines generic principles. CDID includes seven steps which is used in this work: 1. Concept Generation – Formatted into a table that compare forum discussion (with several hypothesis) compared to discussions with the method Philosophy for Children (P4C) and other theories. 2. Concept Exploration – Eight distinct design aspects are identified from the comparison table. 3. Internal Concept Critique – The design aspects are compared to three similar discussion formats. 4. Design of Artifacts – Design concept version 1 is created. 5. External Design Critique – Interviews are conducted to explore their general experience of online discussions, investigate the hypothesis from the comparison table and to seek direct feedback on the first draft of the design concept. 6. Concept Revisited – Changes are made to the design concept based on the interview material and the direct feedback. 7. Concept Contextualization – The design concept is related to the original literature. The result of the study is a design concept named CoFramer. CoFramer’s generic principles are summarized and contrasted against factors identified from the interview material in this table: Tabell 2: CoFramer’s generic principles and interviews about online discussions. CoFramer’s generic principles | From interview material on forum discussion Organized start and ending | Discussions without clear ending Limited number of participants | Large number of participants Minimum number of participants | Large number of inactive spectators Explicit participants | Low information about participants Common conditions | Vagueness in participants conditions Limited information density per post | Long posts and/or fast posts The red thread and parallel threads | Often parallel threads Active facilitator | Unresolved misunderstandings The study indicates that CoFramer would create more structured discussions with a lower amount of information overload and less grounding cost compared what normally arise in public online discussions.
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Chen, Yi-Jung, and 陳懿容. "Bridging the Gap Between Poets and Readers: Applying Cognitive Linguistics to Poetry Teaching in Senior High School." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cwxbhc.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>臺灣語言研究與教學研究所<br>105<br>The teaching of literature in traditional high school classroom has focused on rhetoric and interpretation of the text without paying attention to experiencing the life and emotions hidden behind the work. We think that this kind of teaching cannot increase students’ motivation to learn or to read. Besides, what being acquired is fragmental knowledge rather than reading ability. In view of this, this study intends to explore how to apply cognitive linguistics to text analysis and shed light on the course design of poetry teaching. Cognitive linguistics emphasizes the effects of experience and cognitive ability on language use and understanding. It is believed that language is the product of physiological basis, social culture, objective environment, and cognitive ability. The experiential view and the prominence view of cognitive linguistics can be used to explain the characteristics of conciseness, image, and music in poetry. Two poems are chosen to demonstrate how cognitive linguistics can provide motivated interpretation and once the teachers realize the motivation, they are well-equipped to evoke the cognitive or cultural model as well as to arouse the awareness of conceptual metaphor to facilitate the understanding of the image portrayed in 雁, which belongs to Yong Wu Shi (詠物詩), a special type of Chinese poetry describing a person through the depiction of an object. As cognitive linguistics regards construal as incorporated into meaning, such theory as The Reference Point Construction can be used to explain the divergent views on the interpretation of poems as exemplified in the Military Song (從軍行) by Wang Changling. Finally, two poems of similar nature, Wolf’s Wandering by Ji Xian and the Ancient Military Song by Li Qi, are used to show that the analysis can be extended to other texts or to check whether the students can apply what they have learned to the understanding and appreciation of other poems.