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Yuret, Deniz. "Discovery of linguistic relations using lexical attraction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9961.
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Mou, Xiaolong 1973. "Towards a unified framework for sub-lexical and supra-lexical linguistic modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29227.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-178).<br>Conversational interfaces have received much attention as a promising natural communication channel between humans and computers. A typical conversational interface consists of three major systems: speech understanding, dialog management and spoken language generation. In such a conversational interface, speech recognition as the front-end of speech understanding remains to be one of the fundamental challenges for establishing robust and effective human/computer communications. On the one hand, the speech recognition component in a conversational interface lives in a rich system environment. Diverse sources of knowledge are available and can potentially be beneficial to its robustness and accuracy. For example, the natural language understanding component can provide linguistic knowledge in syntax and semantics that helps constrain the recognition search space. On the other hand, the speech recognition component also faces the challenge of spontaneous speech, and it is important to address the casualness of speech using the knowledge sources available. For example, sub-lexical linguistic information would be very useful in providing linguistic support for previously unseen words, and dynamic reliability modeling may help improve recognition robustness for poorly articulated speech. In this thesis, we mainly focused on the integration of knowledge sources within the speech understanding system of a conversational interface. More specifically, we studied the formalization and integration of hierarchical linguistic knowledge at both the sub-lexical level and the supra-lexical level, and proposed a unified framework for integrating hierarchical linguistic knowledge in speech recognition using layered finite-state transducers (FSTs).<br>(cont.) Within the proposed framework, we developed context-dependent hierarchical linguistic models at both sub-lexical and supra-lexical levels. FSTs were designed and constructed to encode both structure and probability constraints provided by the hierarchical linguistic models. We also studied empirically the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating hierarchical linguistic knowledge into speech recognition using the proposed framework. We found that, at the sub-lexical level, hierarchical linguistic modeling is effective in providing generic sub-word structure and probability constraints. Since such constraints are not restricted to a fixed system vocabulary, they can help the recognizer correctly identify previously unseen words. Together with the unknown word support from natural language understanding, a conversational interface would be able to deal with unknown words better, and can possibly incorporate them into the active recognition vocabulary on-the-fly. At the supra-lexical level, experimental results showed that the shallow parsing model built within the proposed layered FST framework with top-level n-gram probabilities and phrase-level context-dependent probabilities was able to reduce recognition errors, compared to a class n-gram model of the same order. However, we also found that its application can be limited by the complexity of the composed FSTs. This suggests that, with a much more complex grammar at the supra-lexical level, a proper tradeoff between tight knowledge integration and system complexity becomes more important ...<br>by Xiaolong Mou.<br>Ph.D.
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Fiorentino, Robert D. "Lexical structure and the nature of linguistic representations." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3896.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.<br>Thesis research directed by: Linguistics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Koul, Ashok K. "Lexical borrowings in Kashmiri /." Delhi : Indian Institute of Language Studies, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=8186323295.
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Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--Kurukshetra University, 1986.<br>Originaltitel: A linguistic study of loan words in Kashmiri, Titel der Originaldiss. Includes bibliographical references (p. [103]-104).
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Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. "Reconstrução fonológica e lexical do Proto-Jê meridional." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269216.
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Orientador: Wilmar da Rocha D'Angelis<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T05:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Jolkesky_MarceloPinhoDeValhery_M.pdf: 6190456 bytes, checksum: dd6c3f68c0202dc4c66e3d191a10025b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Esta dissertação busca reconstruir a fonologia e o léxico do Proto-Jê meridional (PJM). O Jê meridional é um dos três ramos da família jê e é composto por cinco línguas: Xokleng, Kaingang, Kaingang paulista, Ingain e Kimdá. Enquanto o foco principal dos trabalhos comparativos publicados sobre o PJM foi a fonologia, este estudo se concentra também na reconstrução de uma grande porção do seu léxico. Esta pesquisa adotou todos os trabalhos anteriores como base. Compõe-se de sete capítulos: §1 descreve alguns aspectos da origem dos povos jê meridionais e de suas línguas, baseando-se em dados históricos e arqueológicos. §2-§3 tratam essencialmente de tópicos teóricos relacionados com lingüística histórico-comparativa, modelos dinâmicos de mudança lingüística e análise fonológica numa perspectiva estruturalista. §4. descreve o sistema fonológico de cada membro do PJM; traz (i) um esboço dos segmentos fonéticos, (ii) a descrição dos fonemas vocálicos e consonantais com base nos critérios de variação livre, distribuição complementar e oposição, discriminando suas realizações nos seus diversos ambientes e (iii) a estrutura silábica e suas restrições fonotáticas. Em §5. reconstruo o sistema fonológico do PJM, detalhando as inovações ocorridas em cada língua e uma série de mudanças fonológicas inexplicáveis. Em §6. o léxico do PJM é apresentado com detalhamento morfológico. No último capítulo exponho algumas considerações léxico-estatísticas e glotocronológicas e proponho algumas questões para pesquisas futuras<br>Abstract: This dissertation attempts to reconstruct Proto-Southern Jê (PSJ) phonology and its lexicon. The Southern Jê is one of the three branches of the Jê family and comprises five languages: Xokleng, Kaingang, São Paulo Kaingang, Ingain and Kimdá. While other comparative works have focused mainly on PSJ phonology, this study concentrates too on the reconstruction of a wide range of its lexicon. This research acknowledged all the previous works as a start point. It has seven main chapters: §1 describes some aspects of the origin of the southern Jê peoples and languages, based on archaeological and some historical records; §2-§3 deal essentially with theoretical topics on historical linguistics, dynamic models of language change and phonological analysis in a structuralist perspective. §4. describes the phonological system of each of the members of PSJ (excepting Kimdá), encompassing: (i) a sketch of the phonetic segments; (ii) a description of the vocalic and consonantal phonemes based on criteria of free variation, complementary distribution and opposition, and (iii) their syllable structure and accentual pattern, as well as their phonemic distribution. In §5. I reconstruct the phonological system of PSJ, detailing the innovations regarded to each language as well as a series of unexplained sound changes. In §6. a lexicon of the PSJ is presented with morphological details. The last chapter features some considerations about the time depth of PSJ and fetches some questions for future research<br>Mestrado<br>Linguistica<br>Mestre em Linguística
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Al-Amadidhi, D. G. H. Y. "Lexical and sociolinguistic variation in Qatari Arabic." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356390.
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Kulla, Ariola. "The Albanian Linguistic Journey from Ancient Illyricum to EU : Lexical Borrowings." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57208.
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<p>Where does a language come from? Every language has its own history and during the course of that history, it might change, evolve or even die. Why do languages borrow from each other? Borrowing seems to be true for every language that has contact with another, even for major cultural languages such as Greek. Every case though is unique in itself. From which languages can a language borrow? Speakers of a certain language borrow from the people that they come in contact with, face-to-face or otherwise. How do languages incorporate those borrowings?</p><p>Lexical borrowings are responsible for as much as ninety percent of the Albanian vocabulary and due to globalization, this percentage is about to grow even more. With a great history of three thousand years behind it and being neighbor to the two great civilizations of the then known world, Ancient Greece and Rome, Albanian has borrowed more words than any other European language.Lexical borrowings are tightly connected to the history and culture of this nation. Depending on the presence of which foreign power ruled in the Albanian territories at which time, these borrowings have had as a primary source either Greek (Ancient, Middle or New), Latin or Turkish with a few minor interferences from Gothic and Slavic languages.Every language has its own reasons for borrowing from another language. There are two main reasons: prestige and need. Albanian is not an exception. Albanian has borrowed from Greek and Latin both on the basis of need and on the basis of prestige.</p><p>The primary objective for this master thesis is the identification of the vast numbers of lexical borrowings in the Albanian language, which languages they primarily come from, why the Albanian language has borrowed so many words during the course of its history and how those borrowings are incorporated in the Albanian language.</p>
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Cane, Graeme. "A linguistic description of spoken Brunei English in the 1990s." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21242.
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The thesis discusses the variety of English that is spoken today in Brunei Darussalam and assesses its status as a 'New English'. Using a corpus of spoken data which was recorded and transcribed by the author, the thesis attempts to produce an empirically based linguistic description of the grammatical, lexical and discourse features found in spoken Brunei English and to discuss the ways in which these features differ from the equivalent features in Standard British English. The final part of the study is concerned with the pedagogical and language planning implications of recognizing the existence of a Bruneian variety of English, and with proposing an appropriate English language teaching model for the Bruneian education system.
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Bahumaid, Showqi Ali. "Lexical interference of English in colloquial Aden Arabic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276867.
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Shport, Irina A. 1975. "Cross-Linguistic Perception and Learning of Japanese Lexical Prosody by English Listeners." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12087.
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xviii, 216 p. : ill. (some col.)<br>The focus of this dissertation is on how language experience shapes perception of a non-native prosodic contrast. In Tokyo Japanese, fundamental frequency (F0) peak and fall are acoustic cues to lexically contrastive pitch patterns, in which a word may be accented on a particular syllable or unaccented (e.g., tsúru 'a crane', tsurú 'a vine', tsuru 'to fish'). In English, lexical stress is obligatory, and it may be reinforced by F0 in higher-level prosodic groupings. Here I investigate whether English listeners can attend to F0 peaks as well as falls in contrastive pitch patterns and whether training can facilitate the learning of prosodic categories.
In a series of categorization and discrimination experiments, where F0 peak and fall were manipulated in one-word utterances, the judgments of prominence by naïve English listeners and native Japanese listeners were compared. The results indicated that while English listeners had phonetic sensitivity to F0 fall in a same-different discrimination task, they could not consistently use the F0 fall to categorize F0 patterns. The effects of F0 peak location and F0 fall on prominence judgments were always larger for Japanese listeners than for English listeners. Furthermore, the interaction between these acoustic cues affected perception of the contrast by Japanese, but not English, listeners. This result suggests that native, but not non-native, listeners have complex and integrated processing of these cues.
The training experiment assessed improvement in categorization of Japanese pitch patterns with exposure and feedback. The results suggested that training improved identification of the accented patterns, which also generalized to new words and new contexts. Identification of the unaccented pattern, on the other hand, showed no improvement. Error analysis indicated that native English listeners did not learn to attend specifically to the lack of the F0 fall.
To conclude, language experience influences perception of prosodic categories. Although there is some sensitivity to F0 fall in non-native listeners, they rely mostly on F0 peak location in language-like tasks such as categorization of pitch patterns. Learning of new prosodic categories is possible. However, not all categories are learned equally well, which suggests that first language attentional biases affect second language acquisition in the prosodic domain.<br>Committee in charge: Susan Guion Anderson, Chairperson;
Melissa A. Redford, Member;
Vsevolod Kapatsinki, Member;
Kaori Idemaru, Outside Member
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Morcom, Lindsay A. "The universality and demarcation of lexical categories cross-linguistically." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15c6d591-9721-4a53-a390-848ea2df95af.
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Drawing data from a variety of sources, this thesis compares functional evidence regarding lexical categories from a number of Salish and Wakashan languages, as well as from the Michif language. It then applies Prototype Theory to examine the structure of the lexicons of these languages. They are described in terms of prototype categories that overlap to varying extents, with each category and each area of overlap defined by a central set of prototypical features. A high degree of gradience appears to exist between categories in Salish and Wakashan languages, with no clear boundary between categories or areas of overlap, indicating that lexical categories in these languages, rather than being clearly demarcated, are instead fuzzy categories with very little distinguishing them. Categories in Michif, on the other hand, exhibit far less overlap. This variation is compared to variation in conceptual categories across languages, and challenges the notions of the universality of clearly demarcated lexical categories and the existence of separately stored language module in the human mind. In spite of the variation in lexical category demarcation observed across the languages studied, it is possible to demarcate the categories of Noun and Verb to at least some extent in all languages, as well as a category of Adjective in some languages. This supports the proposed universality of the categories of Noun and Verb, as well as the implicational universals proposed in the Amsterdam Model of Parts of Speech (Hengeveld 1992a, b). It is also possible to identify a number of defining characteristics for each lexical category that appear to hold across languages. Since similar characteristics can be identified across languages for all categories, but the categories themselves display varying degrees of overlap in individual languages, this research supports the proposal that language universals, rather than consisting of structures, rules, and categories that are identical in all languages, are rather collections of prototypical characteristics for grammatical categories that are similar across languages (Croft 2000).
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Sakurai, Kazuhiro, and 櫻井和裕. "An OT-LFG analysis of language change." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46732482.
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Llama, Raquel. "Cross-linguistic Syntactic, Lexical and Phonetic Influence in the Acquisition of L3 Spanish." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36217.
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The main ongoing debate within the recently-established field of Third Language (L3) Acquisition revolves around which of the previously-acquired languages prevails as a source of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) during production in the target language. Whereas several factors have been found to promote CLI, the existing body of L3 research points to a potential stronger rivalry between two of them: typology, or the relative distance among the languages involved, and second language (L2) status, also known as foreign language effect. In fact, they are at the core of two models of multilingual transfer that stem from the area of L3 morphosyntax, namely the Typology Primacy Model (TPM; Rothman, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015), and the L2 Status Factor Model (L2 SFM; Bardel & Falk, 2007, 2012).
For the most part, claims backing a more determinant role for typology come from studies investigating lexis. Whether or not typology overrides the effect of the L2 with regards to syntax and phonology as well is less clear. On the one hand, studies focusing on syntactic CLI can be divided into those whose findings suggest a crucial role either for the L1 (Na Raong & Leung, 2009) or for the L2 (Bardel & Falk, 2007), those in which findings point to typology as the deciding factor in determining a source of CLI (Rothman, 2011), and those that fail to show any influence from the L2 on the L3 (Håkansson, Pienemann, & Sayehli, 2002) even when the L2 and the L3 are typologically close (Martínez Adrián, 2005). On the other hand, results from previous research investigating phonological CLI also yield three main distinct findings: i) a more marked L2 effect (Llama, Cardoso & Collins, 2010), ii) a predominant influence from the first language (L1; Llisterri & Poch, 1987), and iii) combined CLI, that is, the L1 and the L2 concur in influencing the L3 (Wrembel, 2014). The primary goal of this dissertation is to add to the debate by looking into all three sub-areas among trilinguals at a high-intermediate to advanced level of proficiency, which has been the least targeted proficiency level until now. The selected topics, per area, are: lexical inventions, relative clause attachment preferences (RCA), and voice onset time (VOT). The secondary goal was to compare the relative influences of typology and L2 status across sub-areas, and to examine all results in light of three of the current L3 multilingual transfer models, the TPM, the L2 SFM, and the Cumulative Enhancement Model (CEM; Flynn, Foley, & Vinnitskaya, 2004). The results obtained are in clear agreement with previous reports in the area of lexis. However, the interplay of our trilinguals’ linguistic systems with regard to RCA and VOT is more complex. Findings in these areas seem to suggest that other factors (language exposure in the case of RCA, and the L1, in the case of VOT) may trump the two under investigation.
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Jiao, Nina, and 焦妮娜. "Lexical shortening in Chinese: a corpus-based, constraint-based, and cross-linguistic investigation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46081823.
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Shin, Eun-Kyung. "A lexical analysis of linguistic divergence in the North and South Korean presses." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393966.
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Hammarqvist, Kristensen Johanna. "Linguistic sexism in a digitally native news outlet : A study on linguistic sexism at lexical and discourse levels in Buzzfeed News." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71404.
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In 2018, most news articles are consumed online from a digitally native news outlet and it is therefore appropriate to examine the presence of linguistic sexism in the digitally native news site Buzzfeed News. The material is made up of 159 articles collected from Buzzfeed News. Selected features at the lexical and discourse levels are analysed using a quantitative method with qualitative elements. The selected features at the lexical level include generic pronouns and nouns, focused on the affix -man- and naming practices for females and males. At the discourse level, the selected features include how females and males are described in terms of their relationships, appearance and age-related words. Linguistic sexism is found to be expressed at both the lexical and discourse levels in the material. It is mainly expressed in naming practices, the use of relationship words and age-related words.<br>Dagens nyhetskonsument får, enligt studier, de flesta av sina nyheter från källor online och då främst från digitalt inhemska nyhetskällor, också känt som digitally native news outlets. Detta innebär att det därför är lämpligt att undersöka närvaron av språklig sexism i den digitally native news outlet Buzzfeed News. Materialet i studien består av 159 artiklar insamlade från Buzzfeed News. Utvalda språkliga markörer på ord- och diskursnivå är analyserade med hjälp av en kvantitativ metod med kvalitativa element. De utvalda markörerna på ordnivå inkluderar generiska pronomen och substantiv med fokus på affixet -man- och hur kvinnor och män namnges. De utvalda markörerna på diskursnivå som studeras inkluderarar hur kvinnor och män beskrivs vad gäller deras relationer till andra, utseende och åldersrelaterade ord. Språklig sexism finns uttryckt både på ord- och diskursnivå i materialet och det är huvudsakligen uttryckt i hur kvinnor och män namnges, användandet av relationsord och åldersrelaterade ord.
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Pollard, Jane Maree. "Mesostructure : towards a linguistic framework for the description of topic in written texts." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302563.
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Brand, Christiane. "Lexical processes in scientific discourse popularisation : a corpus-linguistic study of the SARS coverage /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/2008395325.html.
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Orfanidou, Eleni. "Spoken word recognition and priming : a cross-linguistic cognitive neuroscience approach to lexical representation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614084.
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Brand, Christiane. "Lexical processes in scientific discourse popularisation a corpus-linguistic study of the SARS coverage." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2006. http://d-nb.info/986183873/04.
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Shao, Juan. "Synonymy and lexical priming : a cross-linguistic investigation of synonymy from corpus and psycholinguistic perspectives." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3021737/.
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With the development of computer technology and the availability of large corpora, recent linguistic studies have provided us with instances where looking at authentic language data has produced modifications of the way we think about language. A reconsideration of linguistic categories starts to emerge, with traditional terms being rejected or redefined. This research addresses the topic of synonymy from corpus and psycholinguistic perspectives both in English and Chinese to see whether we need to make modifications to the notion of synonymy. The research starts with a psycholinguistic experiment to explore the psychological reality of synonymy. A word association test is carried out and the results show that people often do not have a shared sense of synonymy. On the one hand, people may offer various words as candidate synonyms for different types of prompt words. The words provided by the participants may be considered on occasion to be co-hyponymous, metonymous, or meronymous and or to be in a metaphorical relationship with the prompt words. On the other hand, there was found to be a relationship between candidate synonyms provided and the personal profile of the participants, including age, gender and subject field. The result of the psycholinguistic experiment seems to suggest that in people’s minds the notion of synonymy exists but its boundaries with other semantic relations are sometimes unclear and synonymy is not a concept of clear-cut category. To test whether a corpus approach can elicit similar findings to those of the psycholinguistic experiment, a corpus-driven analysis of eleven English candidate synonyms is carried out to test the validity of the notion of synonymy. It finds that the concept of synonymy is still usable but needs modification. Using a scale of similarity, we can only say that words are highly synonymous or synonymous to a certain degree. It is therefore concluded that well-established semantic relations such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, metonymy and meronymy are helpful in talking about how words may be related to each other, but that it is not always possible, when looking at corpus data, to allocate a pair of words to one of these relations rather than another. To test whether these findings for English are also true for Chinese, a case study comparing a pair of potential English synonyms with a pair of potential Chinese synonyms of equivalent meaning is first conducted to explore whether Chinese near-synonyms are primed differently in terms of their collocations, colligations, semantic associations and pragmatic associations. Then ten potentially synonymous words in Chinese are analysed. The results show that, as was found for English, the notion of synonymy is valid in discussions of Chinese lexis, but the boundary between synonymy and cohyponymy is sometimes blurred. The similarities and differences between candidate synonyms both in English and Chinese could be identified with the categories utilised in lexical priming and the strength of synonymy among candidate synonyms could be measured by these categories. Combining the findings of both the corpus analysis and the psycholinguistic experiment, the research shows that the notion of synonymy is more complex than we may think and that the ways people are primed may suggest possible explanations for the complexity of this linguistic phenomenon.
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Cham, Hoi-yee Rebecca. "A cross-linguistic study of the development of the perception of lexical tones and phones." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2003. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38823299.
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Thesis (B.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003.<br>"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-28) Also available in print.
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Araik, Fahad A. I. "The modernisation of Arabic vocabulary : a survey of linguistic and cultural aspects of lexical development." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15385.
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Since the nineteenth century, the modernisation of Arabic vocabulary has been subject of a great concern for Arab scholars who are loyal to the language while aware of the need to adapt it to the demands of the modern world. This thesis attempts to present a comprehensive view of the subject by examining linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects of the process of lexical development in Modern Standard Arabic. The thesis comprises six chapters: Chapter One: is a brief introduction to the emergence of the movement for cultural and linguistic revival in the Arab world, leaders of linguistic reform, and the Arabic language academies. Chapter Two: examines the phenomenon of Ishtiqāq (Derivation) in Arabic, and its role in providing the language with native means of generating new lexical items. Chapter Three: discusses the assimilation of foreign words. It investigates the concept of borrowing in both classical and modern theory, and presents a description and analysis of this process as adopted for Modern Standard Arabic. Chapter Four: deals with the methods of Tarkīb and Naẖt (Compounding and Blending), and assesses their significance in the growth of Arabic vocabulary. Chapter Five: gives a brief introduction to the question of terminology formation and reviews the terminological activities in the Arab world which, aim at the standardization of current terminological work and the creation of a unified Arabic vocabulary. Chapter Six: provides a brief summary of the conclusions and findings of this study.
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Dautricourt, Robin Guillaume. "FRENCH LIAISON: LINGUISTIC AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC INFLUENCES ON SPEECH PERCEPTION." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269540566.
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Rouhani, Jameela M. M. "An applied research into the linguistic theory of collocation : English-Arabic dictionary of selected collocations and figurative expressions with an Arabic index." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282668.
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Taxitari, Loukia. "The interaction between cognitive and linguistic categorisation in early word learning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5289ad15-88e4-4f3a-92ae-584280f7abf3.
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This thesis investigates the strategies infants use to generalise labels to different objects in the early stages of lexical development. It aims to directly test the assumption that a taxonomic bias exists which guides infants to extend words to categories of objects instead of individual instances of them, against the hypothesis that infants discover the extension of words through exposure to multiple naming instances of different objects.Experiments One and Two attempted to teach two object-label pairings to infants at the end of their first year of life, and test generalisation of those labels to new objects from the same adult linguistic categories. This aim failed because infants showed evidence for prior knowledge of the words. Experiments Three and Four employed a more infant-controlled procedure using a habituation task during training; in the former a single exemplar from each adult category was used, whereas in the latter multiple exemplars from each category were used. In both Experiments evidence for word learning was provided at test, but infants failed to generalise the labels to other objects. Experiment Five used a training phase identical to Experiment Four but tested infants for perceptual categorisation in the absence of any labels. Some infants showed evidence for their ability to create such categories on the basis of the training set, suggesting that the inability to generalise in Experiments Three and Four was not due to a perceptual limitation. These findings suggest that infants at the end of their first year do not seem to be guided by any linguistic biases in their generalisation of labels. This thesis concludes that 10-month-old infants seem to have more advanced linguistic abilities than has previously been thought and constraint-like behaviour in later stages of lexical development might be a result of experience instead of a qualitative shift in cognitive processes.
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Hardymon, Nathan. "THE SHAWNEE ALIGNMENT SYSTEM: APPLYING PARADIGM FUNCTION MORPHOLOGY TO LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR'S M-STRUCTURE." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/8.
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Shawnee is a language whose alignment system is of the type first proposed by Nichols (1992) and Siewierska (1998): hierarchical alignment. This alignment system was proposed to account for languages where distinctions between agent (A) and object (O) are not formally manifested. Such is the case in Shawnee; there are person-marking inflections on the verb for both A and O, but there is not set order. Instead, Shawnee makes reference to an animacy hierarchy and is an inverse system. This thesis explores how hierarchical alignment is accounted for by Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), and also applies Paradigm Function Morphology to LFG’s m(orphological)-structure as most of the alignment system in Shawnee is realized in the inflectional morphology.
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Augusto, Vera Lúcia Dias dos Santos. "Atlas semântico-lexical do estado de Goiás." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-09012013-114759/.
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A presente tese tem como objetivo descrever a norma semântico-lexical presente em nove municípios Aruanã, Caldas Novas, Cidade de Goiás, Goiandira, Ipameri, Mineiros, Morrinhos, Pirenópolis e Trindade, com vistas ao Atlas Semântico-Lexical do Estado de Goiás. Com esse intuito, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo, característica de todos os trabalhos de natureza geolinguística, para a recolha do corpus oral. O extenso território goiano vem crescendo economicamente desde a época das bandeiras e expedições jesuíticas. O ritmo da concentração rural e urbana cada vez mais crescente e acelerado vem acarretando expressivas mudanças no cenário cultural e linguístico do estado. Por isso, faz-se necessário resgatar e registrar o quanto antes, a variação semântico-lexical dessas localidades, iniciandose, assim, a elaboração de um Atlas Linguístico no Estado de Goiás, como forma de se registrar a memória linguística das comunidades goianas. Com base no referencial teóricometodológico da Geolinguística contemporânea, aplicou-se o Questionário Semântico- Lexical do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil, versão 2001, a trinta e seis sujeitosentrevistados subdivididos em duas faixas etárias 18 a 30 e 50 a 65 anos de idade, em dois gêneros masculino e feminino. Um banco de dados semântico-lexical foi elaborado com as respostas obtidas nas entrevistas. Posteriormente, os dados foram descritos e documentados em 202 cartogramas linguísticos, com a finalidade de se apresentar os resultados da variedade semântico-lexical do falar dos pontos pesquisados. Dada a natureza do trabalho, adotou-se, também, o referencial teórico de Lexicologia presente em Barbosa e a noção de norma proposta por Coseriu. Para o tratameno quantitativo dos dados, sobretudo com relação às noções de frequência, recorreu-se a Muller. Chegou-se a resultados significativos como, 14 itens lexicais com 100% de frequência relativa; e 100 itens lexicais com frequência igual ou superior a 50% e distribuição regular. Esses resultados apontam não apenas a norma semântico-lexical dos pontos pesquisados, como também constituem um retrato parcial do falar goiano.<br>This thesis aims to describe the semantic-lexical standard present in nine towns Aruanã, Caldas Novas, Goiás, Goiandira, Ipameri, Mineiros, Morrinhos, Pirenópolis and Trindade, considering the Semantic-Lexical Atlas of Goiás State. Based on this plan, a field research was developed, as it naturally happens in all geolinguistic works for the collection of the oral corpus. The Goiás extensive territory has been growing enormously economically since the Jesuit expeditions time. The increasing rate of the rural and urban concentrations has been bringing on significant changes in the state cultural and linguistic scenario. Therefore, it is necessary to rescue and register the semantic-lexical variation of these localities as soon as possible, and consequently start the development of a Linguistic Atlas in the state of Goiás as a way to register the linguistic memory of the communities of Goiás. Based on the theoretical-methodological referential of the Contemporary Geolinguistic, the Semantic- Lexical Questionnaire of the Brazilian Linguistic Atlas Project, version 2001, was applied to thirty six individuals who were interviewed and separated into two age levels, from 18 to 30 and from 50 to 65, and also genders, male and female. A semantic-lexical data base was elaborated with the answers obtained from the interviews. The data were later described and documented into 202 linguistic cartograms aiming to present the results of the semanticlexical linguistic variety of the researched aspects. Given the nature of this work, the Lexicology theoretic referential present in Barbosa was adopted, and the conception of regulation proposed by Coseriu. Significant results were raised, such as 14 lexical items with 100% relative frequency, and 100 lexical items with an equal or superior 50% frequency and a regular distribution. Not only do these results show a semantic-lexical regulation of the issues researched, but they also constitute a partial picture of the goiano way of speaking.
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Iyer, Gowri Krovi. "Cross-linguistic studies of lexical access and processing in monolingual English and bilingual Hindī-English speakers." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to SDSU campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3237601.
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Touati, Ramdane. "Normalisation polynomique d'une langue fortement dialectisée et fragmentée : l'aménagement lexical du berbère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0576.
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L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier, dans une approche critique et interventionniste, l’aménagement lexical du berbère. L’étude critique des actions glottopolitiques, de la fragmentation dialectologique ainsi que la réflexion sur la revitalisation et la normalisation linguistique ont brossé l’essentiel de la berbérophonie. Cette thèse est organisée en trois parties. La première partie présente une étude critique des actions glottopolitiques concernant le berbère et la sociolinguistique étudiant ces questions. La deuxième partie explore la diversité linguistique et la configuration dialectale de cette langue. Dans une perspective de revitalisation et de normalisation linguistique, nous avons développé une réflexion sur l’adoption du concept de la langue polynomique au berbère, en nous basant en premier lieu sur sa situation dialectologique et sa vitalité. La dernière partie met en pratique les réflexions théoriques, présentées dans les deux parties précédentes, dans le domaine de l’aménagement lexical. C’est une illustration de l’aménagement du vocabulaire commun et spécialisé. Elle comprend également une réflexion sur l’aménagement terminologique, la normalisation linguistique et leur mise en pratique dans le cadre d’un processus d’aménagement à la fois polynomique et convergent. En conclusion, nous suggérons, pour la normalisation du berbère, un aménagement polynomique permettant à la fois d’intégrer la variation dialectologique et d’engager un processus de convergence. Celui-ci doit nécessairement s’appuyer sur l’étude de la dialectalisation de cette langue ainsi que sur la vitalité de ses différents groupes<br>The objective of this research is to study, in a critical and interventionist approach, the lexical planning of Berber. Critical studies of glottopolitical actions and dialectological fragmentation, as well as reflections on revitalization and linguistic normalization, have brushed the great majority of the Berber-speaking world. This dissertation is organized into three parts. The first part presents a critical study of glottopolitical actions concerning Berber and sociolinguistics studying these questions. The objective is to establish an inventory of theoretical research and the implementation of glottopolitical actions in the Berber area. The second part explores the linguistic diversity and dialectal configuration of Berber. In a perspective of revitalization and linguistic normalization, we have developed a reflection on the adoption of the concept of the polynomic language to Berber, basing ourselves first and primarily on its dialectological situation and its vitality. The last part puts into practice the theoretical reflections presented in the two preceding parts in the field of lexical planning. This is an illustration of the planning of common and specialized vocabulary. It also includes a reflection on terminological planning, linguistic standardization and their application in a polynomic and convergent planning process. In conclusion, we suggest, for the “normalization” of Berber, a polynomic planning allowing both to integrate the dialectological variation and to initiate a process of convergence. This must necessarily be based on the study of the dialectalization of this language as well as on the vitality of its different groups
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Lima, Fabiana dos Santos. "Atlas LinguÃstico LÃxico-SemÃntico de Iguatu (ALIg)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5480.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ<br>O Atlas LinguÃstico LÃxico-semÃntico de Iguatu documenta a linguagem regional falada nessa localidade, com o objetivo de analisar as variaÃÃes lexicais na linguagem, tanto na zona rural quanto na zona urbana de Iguatu, elaborar cartas lÃxicas equivalentes aos campos semÃnticos trabalhados para constituir o Atlas e oferecer subsÃdios importantes para a pesquisa GeolinguÃstica no Brasil e para os estudos da LÃngua Portuguesa falada. Este trabalho fundamentou-se nos pressupostos da Dialetologia moderna, atravÃs de autores como AragÃo, Coseriu e Ferreira e Cardoso e da GeolinguÃstica pluridimensional, atravÃs de Cardoso, Mota e Radtke & Thun. A pesquisa possui uma malha de 06 pontos de inquÃritos, divididos em 04 pontos na zona urbana e 02 na zona rural. Em cada ponto, foram entrevistados 04 informantes, 02 do sexo masculino e 02 do sexo feminino, pertencentes a duas faixas etÃrias distintas, a primeira entre 18 e 30 anos, e a segunda entre 45 e 60 anos. AlÃm de pertencerem à escolaridade entre sem nenhuma instruÃÃo e 9 ano do Ensino fundamental. A escolha dos pontos e a caracterizaÃÃo dos informantes baseiam-se nas orientaÃÃes do Projeto ALiB (Atlas LinguÃstico do Brasil), bem como o QuestionÃrio SemÃntico Lexical (QSL) para a obtenÃÃo dos itens lexicais, a ficha da localidade e do informante. O arquivamento e transcriÃÃo do corpus seguiu as mesmas orientaÃÃes do ALiB, as gravaÃÃes foram feitas em lugares apropriados para os informantes. O atlas compÃe-se de 53 cartas divididas em cartas geogrÃficas e semÃntico-lexicais em que se apresenta a variaÃÃo lexical de itens sugeridos no QSL do Projeto ALiB e sua frequÃncia de realizaÃÃo entre os informantes.<br>The lexical-semantical linguistic Atlas of Iguatu registers the local speech of the place, allowing to analyse lexical variation in language, in both the rural and the urban areas, ellaborate lexical charts equivalent to the semantic fields used to build the Atlas and offer important data to Geolinguistic research in Brazil and to the studies on Spoken Portuguese. This work is based in claims of modern Dialectology, such as exposed in authors as AragÃo, Coseriu and Ferreira and Cardoso, and of pluridimensional Geolingusitics, as mentioned by Cardoso, Mota and Radtke and Thun. This research involves 06 places in which inquiery takes place, 04 of which in the urban area, the other 02 in the rural area. In each place 04 informers were interviewed, 02 men and 02 women, belonging to 02 distinct age groups, from 18 to 30 years old and from 45 to 60 years old. The years the informers spent at school varies from none to 09 years (Fundamental School). Places and informers were chosen according to orientation from the AliB Project (Linguistic Atlas of Brazil), as well as the Lexical-Semantical Questionnaire (LSQ), through which lexical items were to be obtained, and both the placesâ and the informersâdescription. The archiving and the transcription of the corpus were also made according to AliB orientation, and registrations were made on appropriate places to informers. The Atlas of Iguatu has 53 lingusitic charts, divided in geographic charts and lexical-semantical ones. In them figures lexical variation of items suggested by the LSQ of the AliB Project and the frequency with which they occur among informers.
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Eliassim, Cristiano Curtis. "Léxico relativo às profissões de tropeiros e condutores de gado em Tropas e Boiadas de Hugo de Carvalho Ramos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3817.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-09<br>The use of language permeates the relationship between human beings and with the world
around them, especially in the forms of naming objects, actions, feelings, sensations. Thus, it is
possible to observe and analyze words and phrases that a person or group uses in its different
activities. The economic, social and cultural issues of a people manifest themselves through the
lexicon. When reading the work Tropas e Boiadas was possible to come across regarding the
bushman work lexis with the troops and with the herds, enabling a lexical analysis of this
corpus. Thus, the study of lexicon concerning professional activities on the work of Hugo de
Carvalho Ramos that allows you to analyze how these words and expressions are manifested,
at a particular time and space, making part of the language of this people and as a way of
building their identity. A study that aims to analyze the language should consider the social and
cultural contexts in which it occurs are basic elements and, often, determinants of its variations,
explaining and justifying facts that only linguistically would be difficult or even impossible to
be certain. In the specific case of the lexicon, the entire world view, ideology, the value systems
and socio-cultural practices of human communities are reflected. This work intends to analyze
words covering the professional activities of the cattle dealer drovers and cattle drivers in
Tropas e Boiadas, which allows us to think of the intrinsic relationship between lexicon and
culture. The development of lexicographic records as well as the organization of the lexis in
lexical fields enables the verification of the meanings in the narratives, enabling a study of the
relationship between lexicon and culture. In addition, this analysis backed the drafting of a
glossary, which is very relevant in a job like this, identifying specific words of professional
activities and their respective meanings in narratives, allowing a better understanding of the
texts narrated describing different situations uses of language and making it possible to analyze
the lexis in more detail<br>O uso da língua permeia a relação entre os seres humanos e destes com o mundo que os cerca,
sobretudo nas formas de nomear objetos, ações, sentimentos, sensações. Assim, é possível
observar e analisar palavras e expressões que uma pessoa ou grupo utiliza em suas diferentes
atividades. As questões econômicas, sociais e culturais de um povo se manifestam através do
léxico. Ao ler a obra Tropas e Boiadas foi possível deparar com lexias referentes ao trabalho
do sertanejo com as tropas e com as boiadas, possibilitando uma análise léxica desse corpus.
Assim, o estudo do léxico relativo às atividades profissionais na obra de Hugo de Carvalho
Ramos permite analisar como estas palavras e expressões se manifestam, num determinado
tempo e espaço, fazendo parte da linguagem desse povo e como forma da construção de sua
identidade. Um estudo que se propõe a analisar a língua deve considerar que os contextos
socioculturais em que ela ocorre são elementos básicos e, muitas vezes, determinantes de suas
variações, explicando e justificando fatos que apenas linguisticamente seriam difíceis ou até
impossíveis de serem determinados. No caso específico do léxico, toda a visão de mundo, a
ideologia, os sistemas de valores e as práticas socioculturais das comunidades humanas são nele
refletidas. Este trabalho se propõe a analisar palavras que recobrem as atividades profissionais
dos tropeiros e condutores de gado na obra Tropas e Boiadas, o que nos permite pensar na
relação intrínseca entre léxico e cultura. A elaboração de fichas lexicográficas bem como a
organização das lexias em campos lexicais possibilita a verificação dos significados nas
narrativas, permitindo um estudo da relação entre léxico e cultura. Além disso, esta análise
oportuniza a elaboração de um glossário, que se faz muito pertinente em um trabalho como
este, identificando palavras específicas das atividades profissionais e seus respectivos
significados nas narrativas, permitindo compreender melhor os textos narrados, descrevendo
situações distintas de usos da língua e possibilitando analisar as lexias de forma mais detalhada.
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Cristianini, Adriana Cristina. "Atlas semântico-lexical da região do Grande ABC." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-28012008-115533/.
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A região do Grande ABC paulista, formada por sete municípios - Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra -, tem uma importância considerável no contexto sócio-políticoeconômico- cultural do Brasil. Dentre outras características, percebe-se a grande mobilidade da população, fazendo crer que, atualmente, na região do Grande ABC, há poucos usuários que falam a norma da região. Por isso, faz-se necessário resgatar, o mais rápido possível, a variação semântico-lexical da língua falada no Grande ABC, como forma de se registrar a memória lingüística da comunidade dessa região. A presente tese busca registrar parte desse cabedal lingüístico e tem por objetivo geral descrever a norma semântico-lexical da região do Grande ABC paulista, com vistas ao Atlas Semântico-Lexical da Região do Grande ABC. Com base nos postulados da Geolingüística contemporânea, aplicou-se o Questionário Semântico-Lexical do Projeto ALiB, versão 2001, em nove pontos da região a 36 sujeitos subdivididos em duas faixas etárias - 18 a 30 e 50 a 65 anos de idade - e nos dois gêneros - feminino e masculino. Com as respostas obtidas nas entrevistas, elaborou-se um banco de dados semântico-lexical, disponível em CD-ROM, e, posteriormente, foram os dados tratados e documentados cartograficamente, a fim de que se pudesse elaborar o quadro da diversidade semântico-lexical do falar da região do Grande ABC. Além do referencial teórico-metodológico da Geolingüística e da Lexicologia, a partir de obras de Pottier e Barbosa, utilizou-se a abordagem de Norma efetuada por Coseriu, e complementou-se com noções de Estatística Lexical, propostas por Muller, sobretudo as referentes a freqüência. Ao final, chegou-se a um conjunto de 202 cartogramas lingüísticos, que não apenas revelam a norma semântico-lexical do Grande ABC, como também constituem um retrato, ainda que parcial, do falar paulista.<br>Located in the state of São Paulo, the region known as the Great ABC paulista is comprised of seven cities: Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires and Rio Grande da Serra. This region has considerable importance in the sociopolitical and economic-cultural contexts in Brazil. Among a number of characteristics, is possible to think that the great populational mobility in this region make possible to believe that, nowadays, there are few users of the linguistic norm of the region. That is the reason why it is necessary to rescue the semantic-lexical variation of the language spoken in the Great ABC area, as a way of registering this community\'s linguistic memory. This work attempts to register part of this linguistic ensemble and its general objective is the description of the semantic-lexical norm of the Great ABC paulista region, in order to build the Semantic- Lexical Atlas of the Great ABC region. Based on the postulates of contemporary Geolinguistics, we have applied the Semantic-Lexical Questionnaire of the AliB Project, version 2001, in nine points of the region, on 36 subjects belonging to both genders - female and male - and subdivided in two age groups - people aged between 18 and 30, and between 50 and 65. The answers obtained during the interviews were the basis for the elaboration of a semantic-lexical database, available on CD-ROM. Afterwards, these data were cartographically treated and documented, so that it would be possible to have a panorama of the semantic-lexical diversity of the Great ABC region\'s speech. Besides the Geolinguistics and Lexicology theoretical and methodological references, such as works by Pottier and Barbosa, we have used the normative approach elaborated by Coseriu, and the notions of Lexical Statistics, proposed by Muller, mainly those concerning with frequency. At last, we have made 202 linguistic cartograms, which not only reveal the semantic-lexical norm of the Great ABC region, but also constitute a portrait, although partial, of the oral speech of the state of São Paulo.
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Aravena, Sandra. "Dynamics of language induced cortical motor activity : determining the linguistic contexts that trigger motor activation during lexical semantic processing." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20010/document.
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Cette thèse se propose de spécifier la relation entre les structures motrices et celles du langage en tant que systèmes coopératifs dans la construction du sens. Bien qu'un grand nombre d'études aient mis en évidence que les structures motrices sont impliquées dans le traitement du langage, il est encore difficile de déterminer le rôle de ces structures dans la compréhension. Les théories dites «incarnées» et «désincarnées» débattent de la nature de la représentation du sens des mots en termes de la nécessité des structures motrices pour le langage, en négligeant le fait que les conditions de leur activation n’ont pas été décrites. Des recherches récentes soulignent l’importance de la prise en compte des contextes dans lesquels le langage recrute l'activité motrice. Néanmoins, cette tendance est en contradiction avec les présomptions implicites dans la recherche sur l’interaction langage-motricité, qui se basent sur le modèle «deux-étapes» du traitement sémantique et sur la perspective du «dictionnaire» de la représentation du sens lexical. Dans ce cadre, le traitement du sens des mots est pris comme un processus modulaire. Ce n'est qu'une fois ce processus accompli que le contexte peut influencer la signification. Ces présomptions ont biaisé le débat sur le rôle de l'activité motrice induite par le langage, qui se réduirait à la question de savoir si l'activation motrice doit être considérée comme faisant partie de l'accès lexico-sémantique ou comme résultat de la construction d’un modèle de situation. Or, un grand nombre de travaux ont mis en évidence que le traitement lexico-sémantique et le contexte sont interdépendants. Cette connaissance provenant de la psycholinguistique doit être explicitement intégrée à la recherche sur le rôle de l'activité motrice induite par le langage. Dans un effort pour porter le débat hors de la discussion «lexical vs. post-lexical», cette thèse vise à déterminer les conditions sous lesquelles les contextes linguistiques déclenchent l'activité motrice. Pour ce faire, nous avons testé un nouvel outil qui analyse en ligne les modulations de la force de préhension pendant que les participants écoutaient des mots cibles intégrés dans différents contextes. Nos résultats montrent que quand le mot cible était un verbe d'action de la main et que la phrase focalisait l'action (« John signe le contrat»), une augmentation de la force de préhension était observée dans la fenêtre temporelle associée à la récupération lexico-sémantique. Aucune augmentation de la force de préhension comparable n’a été détectée lorsque le même mot d'action était intégré dans des phrases négatives («John ne signe pas le contrat») ou dans des phrases dont le focus avait été déplacé vers l'état mental de l'agent («John veut signer le contrat»)<br>The present dissertation was conducted in order to specify the relationship between motor and language structures as cooperative systems in lexical meaning construction. Specifically, this thesis aimed at deepening our understanding of how the linguistic context coordinates the recruitment of motor structures during lexical semantic processing. Although the involvement of motor activity in action-related language comprehension is now sufficiently documented, the specific role that motor structures play in action language processing is still unclear. “Embodied” and “disembodied” theories debate the nature of meaning representation in terms of the necessity of motor structures, neglecting the fact that the conditions of their activation during language processing are not well-described. Very recent research has begun to note the necessity of exploring the context under which words trigger modality-specific cortical activity. However, this trend is at odds with implicit theoretical assumptions that have been made in research on motor-language crosstalk, which are based on the “two-step” model of semantic processing and the “dictionary-like” view of lexical meaning representation. Within such framework, word meaning recognition is taken to proceed in a modular fashion. Only after this process has concluded is the context thought to exert its effects. These assumptions have biased the debate on the role of language induced motor activity. The discussion has been centered on whether motor activation should be considered an integral part of the lexical access process or taken as the result of an ensuing “higher order” operation (i.e., situation model construction). A large body of work evidences that lexical semantic processing and semantic context are far more integrated and interdependent. It seems crucial to integrate this knowledge gained from psycholinguistics into the research on the role of language induced motor activity. In an effort to liberate the debate from the “lexical vs. post-lexical” discussion, this thesis aimed at determining the conditions under which language triggers motor activity. To accomplish these objectives, we introduced a novel tool that analyzes on-line modulations of grip-force while participants listened to specific target words embedded within different types of contexts. Our results show that when the target word was a hand action verb and the sentence focus centered on that action (“John signs the contract”), an increase of grip force was observed in the temporal window classically associated with lexical semantic processing. No comparable increase in grip force was detected when the same action word was embedded in negative sentences (“John doesn’t sign the contract”) or in sentences which focus was shifted towards the agent’s mental state (“John wants to sign the contract”). Our results suggest that the presence of an action word in an
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Peixoto, Lílian Marilac Cornélio de Freitas. "A fala do vaqueiro do sertão baiano: análise semântico-lexical." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras e Linguística da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10818.
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise semântico-lexical de alguns aspectos da fala de uma comunidade específica, como essa utiliza o léxico de sua língua, aqui considerado um conjunto de formas lingüísticas que os falantes compreendem, empregam e modificam para a sua comunicação. Para tal, tornou-se necessário o apoio nos arcabouços teóricos da Dialetologia, Semântica e Lexicologia, prioritariamente, passando pelos caminhos da Sociolingüística e da Etnolingüística, entendido o léxico como ponto de encontro destes estudos. O corpus desta pesquisa constituiu-se de uma comunidade de vaqueiros do município de Teofilândia, região do sertão da Bahia. Para a efetivação deste estudo, conforme se relata no capítulo referente à Metodologia, foram obedecidos os passos da pesquisa de campo relativos à coleta de dados, por meio de gravação de entrevistas, narrativas e cantigas, com a utilização de questionário específico, organizado em quatro subcampos semânticos, buscando-se contemplar os conteúdos o gado e o vaqueiro; transcrição grafemática, seguida de detalhada descrição das formas lexicais recolhidas, com base na consulta a dicionários de sinônimos e etimológico, aos atlas lingüísticos ALS e APFB e à literatura regional acerca do léxico do vaqueiro. Os informantes são todos residentes no município de Teofilândia, sem terem se afastado da localidade mais de 100 km, nos últimos três anos, sendo profissionalmente ativos. Os dados recolhidos mostram alguns aspectos referentes ao gado, motivo maior do trabalho do vaqueiro, como características físicas, raças etc.; à vida do vaqueiro, suas atividades diárias, suas dificuldades, suas alegrias e perspectivas para o futuro da profissão. É decorrência natural deste estudo o conhecimento da realidade sociocultural dos informantes, cuja fala deixa transparecer as relações que mantêm entre si e com o meio. Assim sendo, a documentação e descrição do léxico dessa comunidade específica permitem a sua preservação e, conseqüentemente, fornecem subsídio para o conhecimento do português do interior do Brasil, no resguardo de sua sobrevivência e de nossa identidade social, lingüística e cultural.<br>Salvador
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Wass, Malin, Tina Ibertsson, Björn Lyxell, et al. "Cognitive and linguistic skills in Swedish children with cochlear implants - measures of accuracy and latency as indicators of development." Linköpings universitet, Institutet för handikappvetenskap (IHV), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16101.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine working memory (WM) capacity, lexical access and phonological skills in 19 children with cochlear implants (CI) (5;7-13;4 years of age) attending grades 0-2, 4, 5 and 6 and to compare their performance with 56 children with normal hearing. Their performance was also studied in relation to demographic factors. The findings indicate that children with CI had visuospatial WM capacities equivalent to the comparison group. They had lower performance levels on most of the other cognitive tests. Significant differences between the groups were not found in all grades and a number of children with CI performed within 1 SD of the mean of their respective grade-matched comparison group on most of the cognitive measures. The differences between the groups were particularly prominent in tasks of phonological WM. The results are discussed with respect to the effects of cochlear implants on cognitive development.
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Germann, Daniel Cerato. "Investigando a influência de fatores linguísticos na organização lexical de verbos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27660.
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Esta dissertação utiliza simulações computacionais visando investigar a influência de alguns fatores lingüísticos na organização lexical de verbos, analisando os processos de aquisição e uso. Os fatores testados são: freqüência de observação na linguagem, polissemia e complexidade sintática. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos por meio de tarefas psicolingüísticas de nomeação de ações, realizadas por crianças e adultos (falantes do Português brasileiro), posteriormente representados como grafos. Com base nos fatores lingüísticos, foram formuladas hipóteses relativas ao desenvolvimento da língua, testadas por meio de simulações computacionais denominadas ‘involuções’. Os testes incluem métricas da teoria dos grafos e medidas de similaridade de conjuntos (coeficiente de Jaccard e suas componentes). Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma confirmação das hipóteses formuladas. Adicionalmente, permitiram verificar algumas características do desenvolvimento lingüístico, como o aumento do vocabulário e uma progressiva especialização.<br>This dissertation uses computational simulations designed to investigate the influence of three linguistic factors in the lexical organization of verbs, analyzing the process of acquisition and use. The tested factors are: frequency of observation in the language, polysemy and syntactic complexity. The data used were obtained from psycholinguistic action naming tasks performed by children and adults (speakers of Brazilian Portuguese), and subsequently represented as graphs. Based on linguistic factors, hypotheses were formulated concerning the development of language, tested through simulations called ‘involutions’. Tests include graph theory metrics and set similarity measures (Jaccard’s coefficient and its components). Results suggest a confirmation of the given hypotheses. Additionally, allowed verification of some language development features, such as vocabulary growth and a progressive specialization.
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Lodi, Ariane [UNESP]. "Expressões Idiomáticas bilíngues relativas ao campo lexical do vestuário: uma reflexão sobre suas metáforas e metonímias." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122112.
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000813196.pdf: 1618118 bytes, checksum: 2533941230c0be61420c1a550ffbd447 (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Esta pesquisa trata de Expressões idiomáticas (EIs) relativas ao campo lexical do vestuário, por meio de um viés multidisciplinar que relaciona Lexicologia/Lexicografia, Fraseologia e Semântica Cognitiva, esta principalmente no que se refere a metáforas e metonímias. A partir de uma visão cognitivista, com base em evidências de que muito de nossa experiência e percepção é compartilhada igualmente pelos seres humanos, acredita-se que diferentes línguas e culturas compartilham de metáforas e metonímias iguais ou semelhantes. Por essa razão, objetiva-se, com esta pesquisa, analisar contrastivamente as metáforas e/ou metonímias subjacentes às EIs italianas e a seus correspondentes tradutórios em língua portuguesa (PB), para averiguar em que medida essa premissa se confirma. Baseamo-nos fundamentalmente em Zuluaga (1980), Lakoff e Johnson (1980; 2002), Gibbs (1994), Tonfoni e Turbinati (1995), Corpas Pastor (1996), Jorge (1997, 2001), Xatara (1998), Kövecses (2005, 2010) e Malho (2010). Foram selecionadas, em dicionários monolíngues, aproximadamente 160 Expressões Idiomáticas italianas provenientes de 49 lexias relacionadas ao vestuário, elaboradas suas definições, coletados exemplos de uso na web e, a partir disso, realizada a análise dos tipos de equivalência e a investigação das possíveis motivações que lhes deram origem. Como produto final do nosso estudo, foi elaborado um repertório lexicográfico de EIs relativas à indumentária que pode ser útil para suprir lacunas nos idiomas italiano e português, no que tange a materiais bilíngues de EIs. Além disso, a hipótese teórica inicialmente levantada se confirmou em grande medida<br>This research focuses on Idioms related to the clothing lexical field, with a multidisciplinary feature, which interrelate Lexicology/Lexicography, Phraseology and Cognitive Semantics, the latter especially when it is related to conceptual metaphors and metonymies. From a cognitivist view, based on the evidence that most of our experience and perception is shared by all human beings, it is believed that different languages and cultures may share same or similar metaphors and metonymies. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to conduct a contrastive analysis between metaphors and metonymies that underlie Italian Idioms and their translational correspondents in Portuguese, to investigate to what extent this premise may be confirmed. This inquiry is primarily based on Zuluaga (1980), Lakoff and Johnson (1980, 2002), Gibbs (1994), Tonfoni and Turbinati (1995), Corpas Pastor (1996), George (1997, 2001), Xatara (1998), Kövecses (2005, 2010) and Malho (2010). Approximately 160 Italian idioms derived from 49 lexical items related to clothing. They were selected from Italian monolingual dictionaries, furthermore their definitions were provided and usage examples were collected from web. After that, an analysis of types of equivalence as well as an investigation of possible motivations that gave rise to them were performed. As a final product of our study, an inventory of clothing-related idioms was produced which intends to fill some gaps in Italian and Portuguese languages in regard to bilingual material on idioms. On this basis, initial theoretical hypothesis was confirmed
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Lodi, Ariane. "Expressões Idiomáticas bilíngues relativas ao campo lexical do vestuário : uma reflexão sobre suas metáforas e metonímias /." São José do Rio Preto, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122112.
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Orientador: Marilei Amadeu Sabino<br>Banca: Paola Giustina Baccin<br>Banca: Adriane Orenha Ottaiano<br>Resumo: Esta pesquisa trata de Expressões idiomáticas (EIs) relativas ao campo lexical do vestuário, por meio de um viés multidisciplinar que relaciona Lexicologia/Lexicografia, Fraseologia e Semântica Cognitiva, esta principalmente no que se refere a metáforas e metonímias. A partir de uma visão cognitivista, com base em evidências de que muito de nossa experiência e percepção é compartilhada igualmente pelos seres humanos, acredita-se que diferentes línguas e culturas compartilham de metáforas e metonímias iguais ou semelhantes. Por essa razão, objetiva-se, com esta pesquisa, analisar contrastivamente as metáforas e/ou metonímias subjacentes às EIs italianas e a seus correspondentes tradutórios em língua portuguesa (PB), para averiguar em que medida essa premissa se confirma. Baseamo-nos fundamentalmente em Zuluaga (1980), Lakoff e Johnson (1980; 2002), Gibbs (1994), Tonfoni e Turbinati (1995), Corpas Pastor (1996), Jorge (1997, 2001), Xatara (1998), Kövecses (2005, 2010) e Malho (2010). Foram selecionadas, em dicionários monolíngues, aproximadamente 160 Expressões Idiomáticas italianas provenientes de 49 lexias relacionadas ao vestuário, elaboradas suas definições, coletados exemplos de uso na web e, a partir disso, realizada a análise dos tipos de equivalência e a investigação das possíveis motivações que lhes deram origem. Como produto final do nosso estudo, foi elaborado um repertório lexicográfico de EIs relativas à indumentária que pode ser útil para suprir lacunas nos idiomas italiano e português, no que tange a materiais bilíngues de EIs. Além disso, a hipótese teórica inicialmente levantada se confirmou em grande medida<br>Abstract: This research focuses on Idioms related to the clothing lexical field, with a multidisciplinary feature, which interrelate Lexicology/Lexicography, Phraseology and Cognitive Semantics, the latter especially when it is related to conceptual metaphors and metonymies. From a cognitivist view, based on the evidence that most of our experience and perception is shared by all human beings, it is believed that different languages and cultures may share same or similar metaphors and metonymies. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to conduct a contrastive analysis between metaphors and metonymies that underlie Italian Idioms and their translational correspondents in Portuguese, to investigate to what extent this premise may be confirmed. This inquiry is primarily based on Zuluaga (1980), Lakoff and Johnson (1980, 2002), Gibbs (1994), Tonfoni and Turbinati (1995), Corpas Pastor (1996), George (1997, 2001), Xatara (1998), Kövecses (2005, 2010) and Malho (2010). Approximately 160 Italian idioms derived from 49 lexical items related to clothing. They were selected from Italian monolingual dictionaries, furthermore their definitions were provided and usage examples were collected from web. After that, an analysis of types of equivalence as well as an investigation of possible motivations that gave rise to them were performed. As a final product of our study, an inventory of clothing-related idioms was produced which intends to fill some gaps in Italian and Portuguese languages in regard to bilingual material on idioms. On this basis, initial theoretical hypothesis was confirmed<br>Mestre
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Annand, Colin T. "Scaling Relations as Cognitive Dipsticks: Distribution Analysis of Contextually Driven Performance Shifts in Three Linguistic Tasks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504796379537155.
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Guardia, Gutiérrez Paula Andrea. "The effect of linguistic, phonetic and lexical factors on phonological skills and reading acquisition in Spanish : a longitudinal study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608697.
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Guimond-Villeneuve, Joannie. "Les représentations de la norme lexicale dans l'enseignement du français langue maternelle au secondaire : le point de vue d'enseignants québécois." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7722.
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Résumé : En raison de la concurrence qu’il y a au Québec entre une norme québécoise et une norme internationale, les questionnements normatifs sont nombreux chez les professionnels de la langue, et tout particulièrement chez les enseignants de français. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à voir comment les représentations de la norme lexicale chez les professeurs de français langue d’enseignement au secondaire se manifestent dans leur discours à partir d’usages dont la valeur normative n’est pas clairement définie. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené des entrevues auprès de 20 enseignants et enseignantes de français au deuxième cycle du secondaire au Québec au cours desquelles nous leur avons demandé de corriger de courts textes et de justifier leurs corrections. Puis, nous les avons interrogés sur leur conception de la norme lexicale écrite et sur leurs positions normatives à l’endroit de diverses catégories d’emplois lexicaux.
Il en ressort que cette norme est le français québécois standard tel qu’on peut le dégager des dictionnaires les plus usuels ou encore perçu selon l’intuition linguistique des participants. Ce français se distingue du français oral et il exclut les anglicismes critiqués, les mots vulgaires, les impropriétés et les barbarismes. Si certains types d’emplois sont clairement jugés non compatibles avec la norme, d’autres donnent lieu à des prises de position normatives moins tranchées, plus instables. Ainsi, les néologismes, les archaïsmes, les mots familiers et les emprunts peuvent être acceptés, selon la situation de communication et selon des critères comme l’usage et l’absence de synonyme.
Le modèle de l’Imaginaire linguistique d’Houdebine nous a servi de grille pour catégoriser et analyser les représentations linguistiques observées dans le discours des participants. Cette analyse révèle que les enseignants s’appuient principalement sur des critères d’ordre prescriptif et constatif, soit le dictionnaire et l’usage, et parfois aussi sur d’autres critères comme la précision, l’intercompréhension, la fréquence ou la valeur identitaire de certains usages lexicaux pour décider de les corriger ou de les accepter lors de la correction de productions écrites.<br>Abstract : Due to a competition between two linguistic norms in Quebec, a Quebec norm and an international norm, language professionals – especially French teachers – often deal with prescriptive questions. Our study aims at studying how high school French language teachers’ attitudes towards the lexical norm are reflected in their discourse based on examples of uses without a clearly defined prescriptive value. To do so, we conducted individual interviews with 20 Secondary French teachers (Cycle Two) in Quebec. During these interviews, they were asked to correct short texts and to justify their corrections. Then, they were questioned on their conception of the written lexical norm and on their normative positions towards various categories of lexical uses.
This research reveals that their norm is the Quebec French standard as it is described in dictionaries or, in many cases, perceived according to the informant’s linguistic intuition. This French variety is distinguished from spoken French and excludes criticized anglicisms, coarse language, language errors and barbarisms. Although some categories of uses are clearly deemed incompatible with the norm, not all categories are given a clear-cut, stable stand. Thus, neologisms, archaisms, colloquial words and loanwords may be accepted, depending on the context and based on certain criteria such as usage and non-existence of synonyms.
Houdebine’s model of linguistic imaginary served as a grid to classify and analyze the linguistic representations observed in the participants’ discourse. This analysis shows that teachers rely heavily on prescriptive and constative criteria, that is to say dictionaries and usage, and sometimes also on other criteria such as accuracy, mutual understanding, frequency or identity value of some lexical uses in order to decide whether to correct them or not while assessing written productions.
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Batluk, Liilia. "Rhythm and Rhetoric: A Linguistic Analysis of Barack Obama's Inaugural Address." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15601.
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In this essay I shall analyze Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address, January, 2009 from the perspective of various linguistic techniques. More specifically, I shall propose and focus on the idea that the composition of the speech has an aim to create a unity of the speaker and the audience in order to deliver the message. Moreover, the speaker maintains the atmosphere of unity throughout the speech, so that the speech produces an effect when the audience becomes a co-author of it. My thesis will also discuss some aspects of persuasive strategies employed in the speech from those dating back as long as Ancient Greece to temporal discourses. The aim is to analyze how the use of a number of linguistic approaches creates a speech which senses an agreement and co-operation between the orator and the audience.
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Lindgren, Anna. "Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks (CLTs) : En kvalitativ analys av ordproduktion hos enspråkiga svenska och flerspråkiga svensk-turkiska 4;0-6;11-åringar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-275050.
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The purpose of this study is to conduct a qualitative analysis of monolingual (Swedish) and bilingual (Swedish and Turkish) children’s production of nouns and verbs in a newly developed vocabulary test (CLTs) and to discuss the results using previous research as a starting point. The different categories and the material which form the basis of this qualitative analysis are taken from an ongoing Swedish research study on vocabulary testing: Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks (CLTs). This research is an extension of the international project COST Action IS0408. In all, there are responses from 115 children, 72 monolingual and 43 bilingual, of which only the Swedish results are analysed. On the whole, test scores show an age-related improvement of expressive vocabulary for both groups, even though the bilinguals lag behind their monolingual age peers. The bilingual children’s improvement is not as evident, with the five-year-olds’ production of nouns standing out. There is a higher number of wrong answers or no answers (don’t know), as well as a preponderance of gestures and innovations/neologisms in the bilinguals. Gestures make it possible to ascertain whether a child knows the meaning and use of a target word even though he or she is not capable of producing it verbally. Answers in the category of innovation/neologism show that the children know more about a word than an assessment of lexical ability using only right and wrong answers could demonstrate. In the monolingual group there are more instances of perceptual confusion, semantic confusion and hypernyms. The other categories do not show corresponding differences between the two groups. As the bilingual children’s responses are analysed only in terms of Swedish vocabulary, it is not possible to assess their total lexical knowledge. Keywords: CLTs (Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks), expressive vocabulary, bilingualism, mental lexicon, vocabulary depth, vocabulary test, language exposure, Swedish, Turkish. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att med hjälp av ett nyutvecklat ordförrådstest (CLTs), göra en kvalitativ analys av substantiv- och verbproduktionen hos enspråkiga svenska och flerspråkiga svensk-turkiska 4;0-6;11-åringar och med utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning diskutera resultaten. Analysen görs utifrån ett antal uppställda kategorier som i likhet med det analyserade empiriska materialet hämtats från det pågående svenska forskningsarbetet med ordförrådstestet Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks (CLTs). Detta arbete är en fortsättning på det internationella projektet COST Action IS0408. Sammanlagt ingår testsvar från 115 barn, 72 enspråkigt svenska och 43 flerspråkigt svensk-turkiska, varav endast resultat från deltesten på svenska analyserats. En förbättring av det expressiva ordförrådet ses med stigande ålder hos både de enspråkiga och flerspråkiga med en påtaglig eftersläpning hos de svensk-turkiska barnen. Hos de sistnämnda är förbättringen med stigande ålder inte heller lika tydlig då 5-åringarna utmärker sig i substantivproduktion. Ett större antal felsvar och inget svar/vet ej ses i den flerspråkiga gruppen liksom en övervikt av antal gester/pekningar och innovationer/nyordbildningar. Gester ger information om att barnet besitter kunskap om målordets innebörd och funktion trots att det inte kan presentera det avsedda målordet verbalt. Svaren i kategorin innovation/nyordbildning visar att barnen vet mer om målordet än vad en bedömning av lexikal förmåga enbart med rätt- och felsvar kan klargöra. I den enspråkiga gruppen förekommer jämförelsevis fler perceptuella förvirringar, semantiska förvirringar och hyperonymer/överordningar. Övriga kategorier uppvisar inte motsvarande lika stora skillnader mellan grupperna. Då endast det svenska ordförrådet hos de flerspråkiga barnen analyserats kan ingen säker tolkning göras av deras fullständiga lexikala kunskap. Nyckelord: CLTs (Cross Linguistic Lexical Tasks), expressivt ordförråd, flerspråkighet, mentalt lexikon, orddjup, ordförrådstest, språkexponering, svenska, turkiska.<br>Bohnacker, U. (2014-2019). Språkstörning eller typisk språkutveckling? Utveckling av metoder för språklig bedömning av flerspråkiga barn i Sverige. Vetenskapsrådet VR2013-1309.
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Lei, Sio-lin, and 李少蓮. "The application of the linguistic relativity thesis to the situation in Macao: the reflection of Chinese religiousculture in Macanese lexical items." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953128.
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Sender, Camilla, and Malin Svensson. "Felsvarsanalys vid bedömning av flerspråkiga barns ordförråd : En kvantitativ och kvalitativ studie kring ordförrådsutvecklingen hos svensk-turkiska 4- och 7-åringar via ordförrådstestet Cross-linguistic Lexical Task (CLT)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-338827.
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The knowledge about typical vocabulary development in bilingual children is limited, which is why bilingual children incorrectly might be diagnosed with language impairment. The aim of this study is to investigate the Swedish vocabulary of 4- and 7-year-old bilingual Swedish-Turkish children via the vocabulary test Cross-linguistic Lexical Task (CLT). The assessment has been carried out earlier within the project BiLI-TAS and included 52 children, equally distributed over the two age groups, who both understood and spoke Swedish and Turkish. The test included both production and comprehension of nouns and verbs. The authors of this thesis have analysed the incorrect answers given by the children in the production part of the vocabulary test. The responses were categorised through an elaborated category system to map out the word knowledge of the children in detail. The emphasis of the study was on the qualitative analysis, although a quantitative analysis was also made of all parts of the test. The results of the quantitative analyses showed that the 7-year-old children had a higher result (96,6 points) than the 4-year-old children (67,5 points) on all parts of the test (120 points in total). The difference between the age groups was significant. Both age groups achieved higher results when nouns were tested than when verbs were. This difference was small but significant. One third of the participants got equal or higher results in the verb part than in the noun part of the test. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that the younger children more often than the older children used alternative ways to express themselves than through the Swedish language (they used Turkish or gestures). The older children more often chose to not give any response or to make a circumlocution or invent a new word. Both age groups made more taxonomic errors (e.g. bird instead of the target word owl) than thematic associations (e.g. paint instead of the target word paintbrush), which suggests that the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift begins earlier than other studies have shown (Holmström, Salameh, Nettelbladt, & Dahlgren Sandberg, 2016; Namei, 2004). However, the 7-year-old children made more taxonomic errors than the 4-year-old children. The conclusion of this study was that a qualitative analysis of the incorrect answers in a vocabulary test may complement a quantitative analysis by giving information about the children’s word knowledge. This may hopefully give important clues when diagnosing language impairment in the future. Kunskapen kring flerspråkiga barns typiska ordförrådsutveckling är begränsad. Detta gör att flerspråkiga barn riskerar att felaktigt diagnosticeras med språkstörning. Syftet med denna studie är att via ordförrådstestet Cross-linguistic Lexical Task (CLT) undersöka det svenska ordförrådet hos flerspråkiga svensk-turkiska 4- och 7-åringar. Testningen har genomförts tidigare inom projektet BiLI-TAS och omfattade 52 barn, jämnt fördelade över de två åldersgrupperna, som både talade och förstod svenska och turkiska. Testet omfattade såväl förståelse som produktion av både substantiv och verb. Författarna till denna uppsats har analyserat de inkorrekta svar som barnen gett i produktionsdelen av ordförrådstestet genom att kategorisera dessa efter ett utarbetat kategorisystem för att mer ingående kartlägga barnens ordkunskap. Fokus i studien låg på denna kvalitativa undersökning av barnens felsvar, men även en kvantitativ analys av testets samtliga delar har genomförts. Resultaten av den kvantitativa analysen visade att 7-åringarna fick högre resultat (96,6 poäng) än 4-åringarna (67,5 poäng) på samtliga deltester (totalt 120 poäng). Skillnaden mellan grupperna var signifikant. Båda ålders-grupperna fick också ett litet men signifikant högre resultat på substantivdelarna än på verbdelarna av testet. En tredjedel av alla deltagare fick dock lika höga eller högre resultat på verbdelen av testet. Resultaten av den kvalitativa analysen visade att de yngre barnen oftare än de äldre använde andra sätt att uttrycka sig på än med svenska ord (de använde turkiska eller gester). De äldre barnen valde oftare att inte ge någon respons eller att göra en omskrivning eller nyordbildning. Båda åldersgrupperna gjorde fler taxonomiskt relaterade fel (t.ex. fågel istället för målordet uggla) än tematiska associationer (t.ex. måla istället för målordet pensel), vilket tyder på att det syntagmatisk-paradigmatiska skiftet inleds tidigare än vad andra studier visat (Holmström, Salameh, Nettelbladt, & Dahlgren Sandberg, 2016; Namei, 2004). Det förekom dock fler taxonomiskt relaterade felsvar hos 7-åringarna jämfört med hos 4-åringarna. Slutsatsen i denna studie var att en kvalitativ analys av felsvaren i ett ordförrådstest kan komplettera en kvantitativ analys genom att ge information kring barnens ordkunskap. Detta kan förhoppningsvis ge ledtrådar vid diagnosticering av språkstörning i framtiden.
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VERONELLI, LAURA. "Spatial and linguistic encoding of orthographic material. Evidence from neglect patients in line bisection tasks." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/43292.
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In line bisection tasks, right-brain damaged patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN) exhibit a rightward deviation with respect to the objective midpoint of the stimulus, while in neurologically unimpaired participants a reversed bias (“pseudoneglect”) has been consistently reported. In a study with healthy subjects, Arduino et al. (2010) suggested the existence of partially independent mechanisms involved in word and line bisection, not only linguistic but also visuo-perceptual. Furthermore, both lexical and syntactic factors are shown to modulate the reading performance in patients with neglect dyslexia (Rusconi et al., 2004; Cubelli & Beschin, 2005; Friedmann et al., 2011).
A series of studies involving USN patients were conducted in order to investigate the spatial and linguistic encoding of orthographic material through a bisection task. In Study I, right-brain damaged patients with USN, right-brain damaged patients without USN, and matched controls were asked to manually bisect words (5-10-13 letters) and lines of comparable length (Exp. 1), and words with final sequences differing on the prediction made concerning how the word should have been read (stressed on the penultimate or antepenultimate syllable; Exp. 2). Study II required the bisection of words and lines of different lengths, radially oriented. In Study III, patients were asked to bisect affirmative and interrogative sentences varying on the syntactic structure, compared to letter strings and lines (Exp. 1), and sentences in which lexical and syntactic alterations were introduced (Exp.2).
Data from Study I demonstrated that most USN patients show a rightward deviation similar for words and lines, with the bias increasing with stimulus length. However, in individual patients USN can affect the bisection of lines and orthographic material with various degrees of severity, demonstrating that at least partially independent mechanisms interact during bisection (Arduino et al., 2010). Furthermore, the ortho-phonological information contained in the final part of a word could act as a cue, modulating the bisection error in patients and healthy subjects. In Study II, radial words are re-oriented during bisection, reaching their canonical orientation. Finally, the linguistic nature of the stimulus induces facilitation in USN patients, who show a reduced error deviation in case of sentences with respect to letter strings and lines (Study III), even when lexical and syntactic alterations were introduced.
In conclusion, visuo-perceptual and linguistic information (both lexical and possibly syntactic) modulates the allocation of attention in word and sentence bisection.
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Radwan, M. A. "A linguistic analysis of the grammatical and lexical errors in the nominal group fund in the written English of Syrian university students." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380973.
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Musleh, B. "Lexical selection and archaisms in three English translations of the Sūrat Yūsuf (the Chapter of Joseph) : a comparative linguistic and empirical investigation." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2019. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/37403/.
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The overarching aim of this thesis is to investigate readers' perceptions of the understandability of three translations of the Qur'an. Despite a long debate among translation theorists as to whether translations should be word-for-word or sense-for-sense, it is generally recommended that translators stick closely to the letter of the original texts when translating sacred or canonical texts. However, the translated texts need to be understandable to the reader. Functional approaches (Reiss and Vermeer's (1984) skopos theory) highlight this aspect of translation. The present research study focuses on the extent to which translations of the Qur'an are perceived as understandable by different groups of readers (people from the UK, people from India and Jordan, Muslim, and non-Muslim). No previous study has identified exactly what makes the translated text understandable in an explicitly linguistic way. The thesis is original in focusing particularly on lexical selection and archaisms, and was conducted in two phases. In the first phase of this study, the three translations were compared and analysed. The comparison was based on the lexical stylistic choices made in the three translations of the Chapter of Joseph. In the second phase of this study, an essentially quantitative method was used. The study breaks new ground by taking a questionnaire approach, eliciting reactions from readers of the Qur'an and identifying the effects of different English lexical choices and archaisms on their understanding of the translations. The following key research questions articulate the main purpose of this study: RQ1. To what extent does the stylistic variation in different English translations of a word in an Arabic verse affect the perceived understandability of the word and/or the translated text of the Qur'an? RQ2. To what extent are archaic expressions, such as verily or behold preferred by different readers of English (people from the UK, people from India and Jordan, Muslim, and non-Muslim) in the translations of the Qur'an? RQ3. Which of the different lexical styles - e.g. archaic, formal, literary, old-fashioned - associated with particular words contributes to a more positive perception of the understandability of the translated texts of the Qur'an? RQ4. Are there differences in the perception of understandability across the four groups; people from the UK, India and Jordan, Muslims, and non-Muslims? The main contributions to knowledge of this study are firstly, by adopting a reader-response questionnaire approach as a main method in translation studies to investigate the understandability of translated texts from a linguistic perspective; secondly this study contributes to knowledge by highlighting the skopos, i.e. the purpose of religious translations from the perspective of skopos theory. That is to say that religious translated texts need to be perceived as understandable by the target readers. The findings of this study revealed that different stylistic choices of words have different effects on the way translated texts are perceived as understandable, and low-frequency words were perceived as less understandable than high-frequency words by the participants. It was also found out that the perceived understandability of low frequency words, words from different lexical styles, and archaic terms differs among different readers (people from the UK, people from India and Jordan, Muslim) and also that these different groups have different stylistic preferences. Based on the study, reader-response theory and skopos theory can put forward a new perspective for religious translation, and provide a modern account around the language of religious translations. They can also inform the choice of words which contribute to a positive perception of understandability. These choices can be used as a reference for future religious translations (see section 5.3 and chapter 6).
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Lei, Sio-lin. "The application of the linguistic relativity thesis to the situation in Macao : the reflection of Chinese religious culture in Macanese lexical items /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23472959.
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