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1
Nasta, Andrei. "Varieties of linguistic economy : essays on scope and binding." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53452/.
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The main body of the thesis is divided in three parts, each comprising two chapters. In the first part, I address the notion of scope from the perspective of linguistic economy, by discussing the drawbacks of an economy-based account of scope, and then I put forward an alternative account. In the second part, I apply a similar strategy, this time, with respect to binding. In the third part, I explore the theoretical consequences of the standard economy principles for two theses concerning, respectively, the nature of complex demonstratives and the purported logicality of natural language.
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Palfreyman, Nicholas Barrie. "Sign language varieties of Indonesia : a linguistic and sociolinguistic investigation." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/12132/.
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Until now there has been no robust (socio)linguistic documentation of urban sign language varieties in Indonesia, and given the size of the Indonesian archipelago, it might be expected that these varieties are very different from each other. In this kind of situation, sign linguists have often applied lexicostatistical methods, but two such studies in Indonesia have recently produced contradictory results. Instead, this investigation uses conceptual and methodological approaches from linguistic typology and Variationist Sociolinguistics, contextualised by a sociohistorical account of the Indonesian sign community. The grammatical domains of completion and negation are analysed using a corpus of spontaneous data from two urban centres, Solo and Makassar. Four completive particles occur in both varieties, alongside clitics and the expression of completion through mouthings alone. The realisations of two variables, one lexical and one grammatical, are predicted by factors including the syntactic and functional properties of the variant, and younger Solonese signers are found to favour completive clitics. The reasons for intra-individual persistence and variation are also discussed. Negation is expressed through particles, clitics, suppletives, and the simultaneous mouthing of predicates with negative particles. These paradigmatic variants occur in both varieties, with small differences in the sets of particles and suppletives for each variety. The realisations of four variables are found to be conditioned by factors including predicate type, sub-function, and the use of constructed dialogue. The gender of the signer is found to correlate with the syntactic order of negative and predicate; younger Solonese signers are also found to favour negative clitics and suppletives. The similarities revealed between the Solo and Makassar varieties are discussed with reference to the history of contact between sign sub-communities across the archipelago. The investigation concludes with a discussion of factors that favour and disfavour the convergence of urban sign language varieties.
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GARCIA, SIERRA JOHANA IVETTE 483458, and SIERRA JOHANA IVETTE GARCIA. "Actitudes lingüísticas ante el uso de anglicismos léxicos como marcadores de prestigio lingüístico y social." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/63913.
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A través de los años se han realizado numerosos estudios con la intención de comprender y explicar las diferentes variables de una lengua. Sin embargo, su estudio parece imperecedero, ya que mientras la lengua sea instrumento de comunicación del ser humano en sociedad, las variables en su producción no cesarán. Los anglicismos en México han sido introducidos por diversos factores y son considerados variaciones lingüísticas de frecuencia. Por dicha frecuencia de uso en el habla española, este trabajo de investigación considera a los “anglicismos léxicos” su objeto de estudio. La sociolingüística permite estudiar los anglicismos como parte de la variación lingüística de una comunidad y la percepción que se tiene de los mismos. Además permite delimitar la comunidad que los usa con mayor frecuencia y el estrato social que es más aceptado usándolos, sin perder de vista las diferentes formas y características de su uso. El uso de anglicismos puede provocar diferentes reacciones en cada oyente dependiendo de las características personales intrínsecas y extrínsecas de quien lo produce y de quien lo recibe.
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Mitsch, Jane F. "Bordering on National Language Varieties: Political and linguistic borders in the Wolof of Senegal and The Gambia." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1451114927.
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Strand, Thea Randina. "Varieties in dialogue: Dialect use and change in rural Valdres, Norway." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194862.
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This dissertation is an investigation of the use, change, and status of the distinctive local dialect in rural Valdres, Norway. The Norwegian sociolinguistic situation has long been recognized as complicated by a protracted history of language planning and standardization, in which two competing written norms of Norwegian, called Bokmål and Nynorsk, are symbolically and ideologically associated with urban and rural identities, respectively. In addition, while Norwegians can choose from two written norms, no recognized standard exists for spoken Norwegian, and citizens are officially encouraged to use their native, local dialects. The present study approaches this situation through a case study of language use in Valdres today.In the summer of 2005, the distinctive dialect of the rural Valdres valley was voted "Norway's most popular dialect" on one of the country's most listened-to national radio programs, an event that both reflects and has contributed to a recent revaluation of the local dialect. Yet the results of previous dialectological research in Valdres have clearly pointed to long-term convergence toward what locals call "city language" -- the speech of nearby urban Oslo. While evidence of this decades-long trend is not contradicted by the findings of this dissertation research, the present study suggests that there may be more than one direction of dialect change in Valdres today. Despite ongoing changes in dialect morpho-lexis and phonology in the direction of urban regional speech, there is also a large number of relatively resistant dialect features in contemporary Valdresmål, and, even more importantly, evidence of a re-expansion of the dialect among younger speakers, which appears to align with forms found in written Nynorsk, the alternative "rural" norm. The simultaneous sociolinguistic trends of dialect convergence, non-convergence, and divergence in the contemporary Valdres dialect vis-a-vis urban regional norms thus provide an interesting and complicated case of language variation and change.This dissertation combines methods from linguistic and cultural anthropology, ethnographic sociolinguistics, and acoustic phonetics to provide an illuminating analysis of the local relationships between standard and non-standard varieties, between written and spoken forms, and between contemporary language use and historically-rooted language ideologies.
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Brito, Roseanny Melo de. "Atlas dos falares do baixo Amazonas - AFBAM." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2013. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2355.
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The studies linguistic directed to the characterization of Portuguese in Brazil are still little expressive. Some regions have elaborated atlas linguistic and derived characterize the talk about some localities. In the Amazon, much to do, in view of the lack of tradition in research dialetoctologics in the region. For the purpose of supply part of this gap, drafted-if the Atlas of the Lower Amazon Speaker AFBAM by means of a search dialectológica that has as kernel study and the analysis phonetic-phonological five of the municipalities that form the micro-region of Lower Amazon: Barreirinha, Boa Vista do Ramos, Nhamundá, San Sebastian of Uatumã and Urucará. This work was carried out through bibliographic research and field and with the support of the methodology of Sociolinguistic, since it sought to check whether the linguistic manifestations are due to factors or social origins. The research was performed with 06 informants, in each of the five points, being a man and woman between 18 and 35 years, 36 and 55 years and 56 years. This work shall use the questionnaire phonetic-phonological was applied in the development of linguistic Atlas of Amazon ALAM, elaborated by Cruz (2004), as well as the computational program of ALAM, which allows the inclusion of all the data collected and generate automatically letters phonetic. Through the drawing up this atlas, objectively-offers a scenery insightful of speaker characteristic of Lower Amazon and foster um knowledge social and cultural without reason deepen of that micro-region. This atlas seeks still contribute with the registers phonetic made in the ALAM, having in mind or deepening two inquiry of points in the Region of the Lower Amazon, or that broad or knowledge of mode of region amazonic Speakest and, consequently, of the portuguese of Brazil
Os estudos lingüísticos voltados para a caracterização do português do Brasil são ainda pouco expressivos. Algumas regiões têm elaborado atlas lingüísticos e conseguido caracterizar o falar de algumas localidades. No Amazonas, muito há para se fazer, tendo em vista a ausência de tradição em pesquisas diletoctológicas nessa região. Com a finalidade de suprir parte dessa lacuna, elaborou-se o Atlas dos Falares do Baixo Amazonas AFBAM por meio de uma pesquisa dialetológica que tem como cerne o estudo e a análise fonético-fonológica de cinco dos municípios que formam a micro-região do Baixo Amazonas: Barreirinha, Boa Vista do Ramos, Nhamundá, São Sebastião do Uatumã e Urucará. Este trabalho foi realizado através de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo e conta com o apoio da metodologia da Sociolingüística, uma vez que se pretendeu verificar se as manifestações lingüísticas são em decorrência de fatores lingüísticos ou sociais. A pesquisa foi realizada com 06 informantes, em cada um dos cinco pontos de inquérito, sendo um homem e uma mulher entre 18 e 35 anos, 36 e 55 anos e 56 anos em diante. Este trabalho utilizou o questionário fonético-fonológico que foi aplicado no desenvolvimento do Atlas Lingüístico do Amazonas ALAM, elaborado por Cruz (2004), bem como o programa computacional do ALAM, que permite a inserção de todos os dados coletados e gerar automaticamente cartas fonéticas. Através da elaboração deste atlas, objetiva-se oferecer um panorama criterioso dos falares característicos do Baixo Amazonas e propiciar um conhecimento sócio-cultural mais aprofundado dessa micro-região. Este atlas pretende ainda contribuir com os registros fonéticos realizados no ALAM, tendo em vista o adensamento dos pontos de inquérito na região do Baixo Amazonas, o que amplia o conhecimento do modo de falar da região amazônica e, conseqüentemente, do português do Brasil
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Andersson, Niklas. "Stereotypes of English in Hollywood Movies : A Case Study of the Use of Different Varieties of English in Star Wars, The Lord of the Rings and Transformers." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-35040.
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This essay deals with the use of linguistic stereotypes in Hollywood movies. It investigates whether attitudes towards English dialects found in studies on perceptual dialectology are reflected in the selected movies and discusses the notion of linguistic identity and how standard and nonstandard speech, respectively, are used symbolically to emphasize features of characters in eleven movies from three different movie series, namely The Lord of the Rings, Star Wars and Transformers, with a main focus on syntactic and phonological dimensions. The essay finds a correlation between standard speech and features of competence and wisdom, and nonstandard speech and features of solidarity, sociability and traits of stupidity and humor. Moreover, very specific perceptions of certain varieties of English are probably utilized as amplifiers of equally specific characteristics of some characters. The use of dialects and accents in these movies is probably intentional and not coincidental.
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Dolores, Salmerón Pérez Maria. "Estudio comparativo de las actitudes hacia elmurciano." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Spanska, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-18374.
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The aim of this study is to measure and analyse the attitudes towards a linguisticvariety called murciano. This variety is a regional standard of Spanish, namely, theSpanish talked in Murcia, a city located in the South of Spain.There are two groups of informants in this study. The first group is composed of12 people from Murcia and the second group consists of 12 people who know thevariety of murciano but are not natives from the city of Murcia. The methodapplied is the indirect method matched guise. The informants listened to fourdifferent recordings of voices acting as either a Spanish speaking person or amurciano speaking person. Ten short questions related with the voices were askedto the informants, who gave their answers on a Likert attitude scale.The results show that the attitudes towards murciano and the standard Spanishdiffer in both groups of informants. The group of natives from Murcia show morepositive attitudes toward the variety murciano than the group of non-natives fromMurcia. However, when the results towards the variety murciano and the standardSpanish are compared with each other, it is the standard Spanish the one thatreceives more positive valuations. In addition, the observations show that thegroup of non-natives from Murcia are more critical and negative in their attitudestoward the different linguistic varieties than the group of natives from Murcia.
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Gallego, Hernández Antonio. "Actitudes hacia el murciano : Un estudio comparativo de actitudes que presentan nativosmurcianos e hispanohablantes no peninsulares." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Spanska, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-17981.
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Murciano is a non-standard variety that is spoken in Murcia, a region in the southeast of Spain.This study aims to investigate which are the attitudes toward the variety from the dimensions ofsolidarity and status.We will use two groups of informants. One integrated by 20 natives from Murcia who use thevariety, and the other by 16 non-spanish-natives that have never been in contact with murciano.The intention with the study is to investigate which attitudes both groups show towardmurciano and analyse the differences and similarities between them. We expect the natives toshow positive attitudes in the dimension of solidarity, and negatives in the dimension of status.We expect the non-natives to show the same kind of attidudes toward both varieties (thestandard-spanish and murciano) while they have never been in contact with the non-standardand therefore should not have the sociocultural background that help people to create negativeattitudes toward non-standard varieties.The chosen method is an indirect one, and the used technique is the matched-guise. Theinformants listen to two different voices talking two times each: one in standard-spanish andone in murciano. After they have listened to one voice in one variety they answer 10 differentquestions to measure their attitudes in the both dimensions we aim to investigate. The resultsare analysed from the gender and the education variables.The results show that the natives attitudes toward murciano are positives from the solidaritydimension but negatives from the status one, results that confirm the first hypothesis. However,the study shows that the non-natives also have negative attitudes toward the variety in the statusdimension but positive toward the standard-spanish, which means that the second hypothesiswas wrong, something that could have been caused by the fact that all non-natives had a higheducational-level. Other studies show that education is a factor that can have a bearing onhaving negative attitudes toward non-standard varieties.
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Hartman, Jeremy. "Varieties of clausal complementation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77800.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-141).
This thesis argues that clausal arguments of mental-state predicates divide into two main types: those that express the content, or "subject matter" of the mental state, and those that express the cause of the mental state. My central theoretical claim is that this dichotomy corresponds to a difference in syntactic structure. I propose that these different structures derive from an operation of promotion to subject position that is constrained by two factors. First, it is constrained by syntactic category: DPs, but crucially not CPs, are eligible for promotion, and I argue that clauses in subject position are in fact DPs. Second, it constrained by locality: even among DPs, only the highest DP is eligible for promotion. I explore a range of cases where this locality constraint is not met-i.e., cases of "argument intervention" in a variety of constructions. Finally, I discuss how these constraints interact to derive the realization of clausal arguments and the syntactic properties of the predicates that select them.
by Jeremy Fine Hartman.
Ph.D.
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Hoare, Rachel. "Attitudes towards language varieties in Brittany." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297908.
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This thesis investigates the attitudes of young people in Brittany (aged 8-18) towards varieties of language (especially Breton) and the link between language and identity. The sociolinguistic situation in Brittany (past and present) is outlined, and previous research on language attitudes is reviewed. In phase 1 of the project, different informants completed a written questionnaire (470 respondents) and a Matched Guise Test (258 listener-judges), the latter involving Breton, Breton-accented French and Standard-accented French. The questionnaire responses revealed a strong correlation, verified by chi-square tests, between levels of use of Breton and perceptions of identity. Although those respondents from the traditionally Bretonspeaking western part of Brittany (Basse Bretagne) were keen for the language to be preserved, very few were willing to contribute to this process. The respondents from traditionally non Breton-speaking eastern Brittany (Haute Bretagne) were less positive in their views on the future of Breton. The least favourable ratings for the future of Breton were expressed by 15 to 16 year old males, and this was attributed to differences between male and female peer group norms. Breton emerged very favourably from the Matched Guise Test with positive ratings for both status and solidarity traits (a distinction identified by factor analysis of the data). Further breakdown and analysis of the results for the two regions revealed major differences in the evaluation of Breton in Basse and Haute Bretagne, which were attributed to the perceptions of Breton as either Li or L2 by different informant groups. These differing perceptions of Breton further complicated the relationship between the varieties, which may have contributed to the unexpected downgrading of Standardaccented French in terms of status in several cases. The 13-14 year olds perceivedBreton-accented French as the most statusful of the three varieties, a reaction which was attributed to the typical use and positive reinforcement of non-standard speech forms by this age group. In phase 2, 62 informants from western Brittany participated in interviews (based on the questionnaire, administered previously to other respondents), and pair-discussions of the MGT recordings. The overall picture provided by the interviews indicated that although informants expressed a keen interest in improving their competence in Breton, they did not support initiatives designed to encourage this such as the compulsory teaching of Breton in schools. This finding, which supported that of the questionnaire, gave rise to the distinction between the passive and active expression of attitudes. The interviews also revealed the complexity of the relationship between language and identity, with the informants' assertions that Breton identity was more strongly related to origin and residence than competence in Breton. This apparent contradiction between perceptions of the role played by language in determining identity, and the reality of the informants' responses concerning use, appeared to be operating at the subconscious level. The pair-discussions revealed that age was a central aspect of identity which had not yet been investigated in the current project, and which provided an explanation for the different attitudes towards Breton speakers in the MGT: there was an equal division between those who considered them to be young L2 speakers and those who assumed them to be old native speakers of Breton. This aspect of identity also played a key role in the construction of profiles for each guise which gave typical reactions to each guise in order to highlight patterns running through the discourse data. The combination of different methods in the current study was designed to elicit different insights into attitudes and perceptions of identity in the data.
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Padgett, Erin. "Tools for Assessing Relatedness in Understudied Language Varieties| A Survey of Mixtec Varieties in Western Oaxaca, Mexico." Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10607121.
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This thesis presents findings of research conducted on the relatedness of seven Mixtec varieties spoken in indigenous language communities in western Oaxaca, Mexico. Mixtec varieties vary widely from one community to the next, and it is necessary to determine the relatedness of Mixtec varieties in order to best serve the language development needs of communities. Understanding the relatedness of these varieties is also an important step in measuring their intelligibility.
I used three research tools to gather data: a General Wordlist, a Tone Wordlist, and a Sociolinguistic Questionnaire. I present five analyses: percentage of phonologically similar forms, displaying phonological correspondences using isoglosses, two analyses of tone patterns, and reported intelligibility. Taken together, the first four analyses provide a clear picture of the linguistic relations of the Mixtec varieties studied. The analyses of tone and use of isoglosses are of particular note, as they present new strategies for analyzing unstudied tonal languages and language families. Findings on linguistic relatedness are then compared to the reported intelligibility of native speakers from the Questionnaire. With minor exceptions, the proposed relatedness matches up closely with intelligibility reported by survey participants.
I then clarify how preexisting linguistic designations for this region could be improved, based on my findings. The Ethnologue currently includes all seven of the language varieties surveyed under a single designation, but my findings show that it is necessary to list YUC in a separate designation from the other six communities. The Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas (INALI, National Institute of Indigenous Languages) needs to revise its current designations so that YUC is left under its current designation, the mixteco del oeste alto (High Western Mixtec), while all of the six varieties surveyed should be under the mixteco del oeste (Western Mixtec) designation.
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Wilk, Emilie. "Native Speakers' Attitudes toward Regional Varieties of Arabic." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1048.
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This thesis investigates attitudes toward different regional varieties of Arabic and how native speakers perceive their own dialect vis-à-vis others. Building from previous research in the field, this study specifically seeks to learn which dialects are preferred, which are seen as being nearest to Standard Arabic (fuṣḥā), and whether there is a correlation between masculinity and fuṣḥā. The results of a two-part sociolinguistic questionnaire, distributed to 44 participants, suggest that many native Arabic speakers have overall positive attitudes about their own dialects, though this is often complicated by factors of prestige and gender. When asked directly which dialect they believed to be most similar to fuṣḥā, many participants list Arabian Peninsula varieties, yet when asked more indirectly the majority of participants indicate their own dialect is nearest to fuṣḥā. Finally, the proposed relationship between masculinity and fuṣḥā, suggested but never substantiated by earlier studies, proves to be epiphenomenal here.
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Ebarb, Kristopher J. "Tone and variation in Idakho and other Luhya varieties." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640905.
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Bantu languages commonly signal tense, aspect, mood, polarity, and clause-type distinctions with tonal as well as segmental cues. The inflectional tonal melodies on verbs may be viewed as underlyingly floating H tones (henceforth `melodic Hs') contributed by the morpho-syntax that are assigned by rule to different positions within the verb. Along with a small set of construction specific tonal adjustment rules, the number and position of melodic Hs distinguish one tonal melody from another.
The present dissertation makes two contributions to the study of the special role that tone plays in Bantu verbal morpho-syntax. First, it contributes extensive novel documentation of the verbal tone system of Idakho: a variety of the Luhya cluster of Bantu languages spoken near Lake Victoria in western Kenya and eastern Uganda. Second, I show how aspects of the Idakho system and that of other Luhya varieties like it have contributed to the development of rich diversity within the verbal tone systems of Luhya.
Part I comprises the descriptive component of the dissertation and emphasizes the impact of several factors known to influence verb tone in Bantu. Because many language consultants contributed to the project, the dissertation makes note of variation within and across speakers of Idakho. In Part II, I demonstrate the role that a preference for prosodically well-cued morphological boundaries has played in two striking tonal developments within the Luhya macrolanguage: the loss of a lexical tonal contrast reconstructed to Proto-Bantu and the introduction of tonal melodies in constructions for which there is no historical precedence for tonal inflection.
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Alvarez, López Laura. "A língua de Camões com Iemanjá : Forma e funções da linguagem do candomblé." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för spanska, portugisiska och latinamerikastudier, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54.
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The present thesis addresses the relationship between the structure and social functions of language through the study of an Afro-Brazilian Portuguese speech community. The adopted methodological, analytical, and theoretical standpoints have their origin in linguistic anthropology, social psychology of language and discourse analysis. A set of data was collected during extensive fieldwork in Salvador (Brazil), and consists of recordings of informal conversations with and between followers of Candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian religion. Focusing on the communicative process in a specific communicative setting, the linguistic analyses illustrate the relationship between language and identity by examining theway in which expressions of African origin function as identity markers. In order to connect such Africanisms used by Candomblé followers in their everyday speech with the linguistic attitudes and ideologies found in Brazilian society throughout history, an interdisciplinary approach was called for and factors that affect the speech community’s ethnolinguistic vitality were explored. Linguistic attitudes and ideologies that have influenced group vitality were analyzed in the socio-political context (or macro-context). At the same time, the purpose was to understand communication within the sacred space of Candomblé by examining issues such as changes in linguistic forms and functions in the communicative situation (or microcontext). Apart from revealing patterns of communication in Candomblé communities, the results of the analyses show how linguistic changes such as re-Africanization are triggered by changes of attitudes in society. These changes affect speakers’ identities and language use within speech communities.
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Álvarez, López Laura. "A língua de Camões com Iemanjá : Forma e funções da linguagem do candomblé." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54.
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The present thesis addresses the relationship between the structure and social functions of language through the study of an Afro-Brazilian Portuguese speech community. The adopted methodological, analytical, and theoretical standpoints have their origin in linguistic anthropology, social psychology of language and discourse analysis. A set of data was collected during extensive fieldwork in Salvador (Brazil), and consists of recordings of informal conversations with and between followers of Candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian religion.
Focusing on the communicative process in a specific communicative setting, the linguistic analyses illustrate the relationship between language and identity by examining theway in which expressions of African origin function as identity markers. In order to connect such Africanisms used by Candomblé followers in their everyday speech with the linguistic attitudes and ideologies found in Brazilian society throughout history, an interdisciplinary approach was called for and factors that affect the speech community’s ethnolinguistic vitality were explored. Linguistic attitudes and ideologies that have influenced group vitality were analyzed in the socio-political context (or macro-context). At the same time, the purpose was to understand communication within the sacred space of Candomblé by examining issues such as changes in linguistic forms and functions in the communicative situation (or microcontext).
Apart from revealing patterns of communication in Candomblé communities, the results of the analyses show how linguistic changes such as re-Africanization are triggered by changes of attitudes in society. These changes affect speakers’ identities and language use within speech communities.
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Elward, Shontael Marie. "Production and perception of vowel duration in regional varieties of Mexican Spanish." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1607074554847787.
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Teixeira, Josina Augusta Tavares. "Eles fala, nois cala: como a escola tem enfrentado o desafio de ensinara oralidade a seus alunos." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/659.
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A Lei de Diretrizes e Bases de 1996 democratizou o ensino Fundamental e Médio, instituindo sua gratuidade e obrigatoriedade, trazendo, para a escola, representantes das classes sociais desprestigiadas, com sua multiplicidade de variações linguísticas estigmatizadas. Porém a Escola, detentora do patrimônio cultural e da quase exclusividade de seu repasse, seguiu privilegiando a escrita e negligenciando um trabalho didático pautado pelos princípios sociolinguísticos. Como consequência, a oralidade, a despeito de sua centralidade nos eventos intercomunicacionais, viu-se relegada a espaços exíguos no ensino de Língua Portuguesa e nos compêndios didáticos. Entretanto, imposições contemporâneas têm mobilizado agências educacionais e teóricos de diversas áreas para o redimensionamento da questão. Coerentemente com esse novo olhar, o presente trabalho visou demonstrar a viabilidade da implementação de uma pedagogia da variação linguística. Para comprovar essa assertiva, efetivei uma pesquisa-ação através de uma práxis didática composta de ações pontuais, regulares, denominadas “Oficinas de oralidade”, desenvolvidas durante o ano letivo de 2012, em uma escola municipal de classe média baixa, e em um colégio federal, campo de aplicação da UFJF, de classe média, no primeiro semestre do ano letivo de 2013, com alunos de quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental. As atividades oportunizaram, aos discentes, o uso dos recursos próprios das variedades linguísticas cultas na modalidade oral, sendo esse desenvolvimento de competências compreendido como uma ação de empoderamento (FOUCAULT, 2007). A proposta pautou-se pelos pressupostos sociolinguísticos de respeito e legitimação da heterogeneidade linguística, entendendo-se a língua como entidade sócio-político-cultural. Compôs-se de trabalhos didáticos que contemplaram gêneros orais de maior penetração social. Os distanciamentos das normas cultas praticados pelos aprendizes, evidenciados nessas atividades didáticas, foram registrados, analisados, categorizados, constituindo material para posteriores atividades didáticas. Na realização da pesquisa, contei com a parceria preciosa das professoras de Língua Portuguesa das duas turmas pesquisadas, apoiando-me mais pontualmente nas teorias defendidas por Bagno (2010), Faraco (2008), Gadotti (1979), Koch e Elias (2011), Marcuschi (2005), Mollica (2007), Bortoni-Ricardo (2011). Como proposta desta última autora, utilizamos os três continua que sugerem uma análise a partir dos eixos: rural/urbano, oralidade/letramento, monitoração estilística. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram uma avaliação positiva no trato didático com a oralidade: envolvimento dos alunos, com significativo interesse, nas atividades propostas; ampliação da capacidade de reflexões sobre as variações linguísticas e seu condicionamento sócio-histórico-cultural; apropriação dos conceitos orientadores dos três continua; aquisição e utilização de recursos próprios da oralidade culta.
The 1996 Law of Guidelines and Bases democratized the teaching in Elementary and High school grades, instituting gratuitousness and compulsion, bringing to the School representatives of the unprivileged social classes with its multiplicity of linguistic variations that distinguish them in a stigmatizing way. However, the School, holder of the cultural heritage and of its almost exclusive transfer, followed giving privilege to writing, and neglecting a didatic work based by sociolinguistic principles. As a consequence, orality, in spite of its centrality in intercommunicacional events, has found itself relegated to exiguous spaces in Portuguese Language teaching and in didactical compendiums. However, impositions on contemporaneity have mobilized educational agencies and theorists from several areas to give a new dimension to the question. Consistently to this new look, this paper demonstrated the possibility to implement a linguistic variation pedagogy. To confirmthis assertion, I carried outan action-research with a didactic praxis composed of specific, regular actions, called “Orality workshops”, developed during the year of 2012, in a municipal of low middle class and in a federal school in the first semester of the year of 2013, both in the brazilian city of Juiz de Fora (MG), with students from the fifth grade. The activities had given the opportunity to students to use the resources from the cultured varieties of the language in oral form, being this development of competences understood as an action of empowerment (Foucault, 2007).The proposal had guided by the Sociolinguistic presuppositions related and legitimated by linguistic heterogeneity, understanding language as a social, political and cultural entity. It was composed of didactic works that contemplate several oral genres of a greater social penetration. The distance on the cultured norms, practiced by the students, as evidenced in these activities, was detailed recorded, analyzed, categorized, providing material for further didacticexercises. The research had been realized with the partnershipwith the teachers of Portuguese Language of the two researched classes, based most punctually on the theories supported by Bagno (2010), Faraco (2008), Gadotti (1979), Koch and Elias (2011), Marcuschi (2005), Mollica (2007), Bortoni-Ricardo (2011). As a proposal of the last author, we had used the three continua that propose an analysis from the three axes: rural / urban; orality / literacy; stylistic monitoring. The results from the research had pointed to a positive evaluation on the learning of the cult linguistic norm: the involvement, with significant interest, in the proposed activities; enlargement of the capacity of students' reflections about linguistic variations and their social, historical and cultural conditioning; the appropriation of the guiding concepts of the three continua; the acquisition and the use of the cultured orality resources.
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Fristedt, Emma. "Irish loanwords in English varieties." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27603.
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This essay will discuss and research the width and frequency of Irish loanwords in contemporary English varieties. The meanings, uses, differences, similarities and collocations of selected words will be discussed and analyzed in order to find answers to the research questions asked. The methods used are quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative method will measure the frequency of the selected words in each of the selected varieties and the qualitative method will discuss the meanings and uses of the words in the different varieties. Each word has its own section which discuss meanings, developments and instances in which the words can be found in the different varieties. These sections are summarized at the end of the essay and the conclusion states that Irish loanwords in contemporary English varieties are not greatly widespread compared to the frequency of the same words in Irish English. A few of the words have been able to develop their meaning and use through time, but most instances of the words show the original meaning and use.
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Casaregola, Laura. "How Our Music Tastes Relate to Language Attitudes with Standard and Non-standard Varieties of English." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1044.
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Sociolinguistics studies on language perception have shown that listeners form different attitudes toward speakers based on the speakers’ language varieties (Lukes and Wiley 1996, Lippi-Green 2012, Thompson, Craig, and Washington 2004). Just from hearing a voice, listeners form opinions, and these opinions are often informed by societal archetypes, as well as societal stereotypes. For example, Standard American English is generally perceived with more prestige and respect than non-standard varieties. Unfavorable perceptions of non-standard varieties can, and in many documented cases does, lead to inequitable and/or discriminatory situations (Baugh 2003). Non-standard and standard varieties are found in language use in music. The emergence of the Internet and music playing platforms, as well as more diverse musicians getting mainstream radio play and pay, leads to non-standard varieties reaching new listeners in a new format. In this thesis, I survey the types of music to which people listen, and their perceptions to speakers of Standard American English, Southern American English, and African American English to investigate how the music people listen to connects to their language attitudes. The results show that overall, listeners of any genre have more favorable attitudes toward Standard American English; and, that listeners of rap and/or hip-hop have more favorable attitudes than other groups of listeners toward the non-standard varieties.
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Haller, Hermann W. "Varieties, use, and attitudes of Italian in the U.S.: The dynamics of an immigrant language through time." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5365/.
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Schweinberger, Martin [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Siemund. "The discourse marker LIKE : a corpus-based analysis of selected varieties of English / Martin Schweinberger. Betreuer: Peter Siemund." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058681893/34.
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Jansson, Denny. "Det dialektala hindret : En fallstudie om dialektalt språkbruk i gymnasieskolan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78242.
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Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur elever och svensklärare på en gymnasieskola i Värmland reflekterar över skriftbruk av dialektalt betingade former och drag. I detta arbete undersöks vidare vilken attityd som eleverna har gentemot sin egen dialekt och i vilken utsträckning som dialekten realiseras i elevernas skriftbruk. Undersökningen utgår från frågeställningarna om vilka attityder som eleverna har till den egna dialekten, hur gymnasielärare i svenska reflekterar över dialektalt skriftbruk samt i vilken utsträckning som dialektala former och drag förekommer i elevernas skriftbruk. Denna undersökning är konstruerad som en kvalitativt inriktad fallstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer och ett förestavningstest, även kallat diktamen, som metoder för datainsamlingen. Antalet deltagare har avgränsats till fyra elever och en gymnasielärare, där detta urval gjorts genom ett målinriktat bekvämlighetsurval med intersubjektivitet. Undersökningen visar att de fyra eleverna har en positiv attityd till den egna dialekten samtidigt som förekomst av dialekt menas ge upphov till språkliga svårigheter i mötet med skolspråket i olika skolämnen. Vidare visar undersökningen att gymnasielärare menar att det är viktigt att rätta språket i elevtexter, men att det samtidigt är viktigt att eleverna får en bred språklig repertoar. I likhet med flera tidigare studier visar denna undersökning att det i elevernas skriftbruk förekommer flertalet dialektalt betingade former och drag som pekas ut som vanligt förekommande i det geografiska område som eleverna härrör från. Undersökningen visar även att gymnasieelever tenderar att vara dialektalt flerspråkiga, men att detta inte alltid stöttar eleverna i skolarbetet, utan där förekomst av dialekt stundvis även uppträder som en språklig barriär, i termer av ett dialektalt hinder.The aim of this study is to investigate how students and Swedish teachers at an upper secondary school in Värmland reflects on the use of dialectally conditioned forms and traits in writing. Furthermore, this study examines what attitudes the students have to their own dialect and to what extent the dialect is realized in the students writing. The study is based on the questions what attitudes the students have to their own dialect, how upper secondary school teachers in Swedish reflects on dialectal writing and to what extent dialectal forms and traits occur in the students writing. The study employs a qualitative approach and is constructed as a case study with semi-structured interviews and a pre-spelling test, also called dictation, as methods for the collection of data. The number of participants are limited to four students and one upper secondary school teacher, whom has been selected through a targeted and convince method for selection with intersubjectivity. The study shows that the four students tend to have a positive attitude towards their own dialect, while the presence of dialect is said to give rise to linguistic difficulties in the meeting with the language in the different subjects in school. Furthermore, the study shows that Swedish teachers believes that it is important to correct the language in the students texts, and that it is important that the students also receives knowledge in order to establish a wide linguistic repertoire. The results of this study are consistent with the conclusions drawn in several previous studies, that there is to be found several dialectal contingent forms and traits that are identified as common in the geographical area in which the students originate. The study also shows that students in upper secondary school tend to be dialectally multilingual, but that this does not always supports the students in their school work, and that the occurrence of dialect sometimes also acts as language barrier, in terms of an dialectal obstacle.
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Fairhurst, Melanie. "The pragmatic markers anyway, okay and shame : a comparative study of two African varieties of English." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85844.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to determine and compare the functions of the pragmatic markers (PMs) okay, anyway and shame as they occur in two spoken components of the International Corpus of English (ICE), namely ICE-SA (South African English) and ICE-EA (East African English). Using the commercially available Concordance program WordSmith Tools 4.0, all instances of okay, anyway and shame were identified in each corpus and all non-PM instances were then excluded. The remaining instances of okay, anyway and shame were subsequently hand coded to determine the primary functions that these elements exhibit. The classification of the various functions was done according to Fraser’s (1996, 1999, 2006) framework for identification of PMs. Despite the different size and state of completion of the two corpora, it was found that the functions of the two PMs okay and anyway were similar in South African English and East African English. The findings of the corpus investigation included identifying the functions of okay as both a conversational management marker and a basic marker, as well as its role in turn taking. Anyway was found to function as an interjection, a mitigation marker, a conversational management marker and a discourse marker. Shame was found to be a uniquely South African English PM, and to function both as an interjection and as a solidarity marker.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel watter funksies verrig word deur die pragmatiese merkers (PM's) okay, anyway en shame, soos wat hulle gebruik word in twee gesproke komponente van die Internasionale Korpus van Engels (IKE), naamlik IKE-SA (Suid-Afrikaanse Engels) en IKE-OA (Oos-Afrika Engels). Met behulp van die kommersieel-beskikbare Concordance-program Wordsmith Tools 4.0, is alle gevalle van okay, anyway en shame binne die onderskeie korpusse geïdentifiseer, waarna alle nie-PM gevalle uitgesluit is. Die oorblywende gevalle van okay, anyway en shame is daarna met die hand gekodeer ten einde die primêre funksies van hierdie elemente vas te stel. Die funksies is geklassifiseer volgens Fraser (1996, 1999, 2006) se raamwerk vir die identifikasie van PM's. Ten spyte van verskille in die grootte en vlak van voltooidheid van die twee korpora, is vasgestel dat die PM's okay en anyway soortgelyke funksies verrig in beide Suid-Afrikaanse Engels en Oos-Afrika Engels. Uit die korpus-analise het dit verder geblyk dat okay nie net 'n rol speel in beurtneming nie, maar ook funksioneer as 'n gespreksbestuur-merker en basiese merker. Anyway blyk op sy beurt te funksioneeer as 'n tussenwerpsel, versagting-merker, gespreksbestuurmerker en diskoersmerker. Laastens is gevind dat shame as PM uniek is aan Suid- Afrikaanse Engels en dat dit funksioneer as beide 'n tussenwerpsel en solidariteitsmerker.
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Park, Linda Seojung. "Language varieties and variation in English usage among native Korean speakers in Seoul." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6830.
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In the last few decades, a rise in Korean speakers’ borrowing from English has led to a rich pool of contemporary Anglo-Korean vocabulary, also known as English loanwords. Despite the English roots of these borrowed words, their usage in a Korean context is often non-uniform and non-traditional; this process of borrowing, reshaping, and dispersing borrowed vocabulary provides insights on the dynamics of Korean society and its relationship to global English-speaking communities.
In order to investigate the variations on Korean speakers’ use of Anglo-Korean words and their potential correlations with various factors, I conducted interviews with 24 native Korean speakers in Seoul, Korea in the summer of 2018. Subjects were diverse in their age, gender, and occupation. I analyzed the r speakers with a preference of Sino-Korean words, speakers with a preference of Anglo-Korean words, and speakers with a speech mixed of Korean, Korean English, and American English.
I identified two variables as the most significant causes of diversity of speech: 1) age and 2) exposure to English. I established that 80% of my subjects over the age of 60 fell into the Sino-Korean-dominant category, and the best indicator of a subject being a translingual speaker was an increased exposure to English. In order to expand on evidence from my interviews, I historically contextualize Korean language in society alongside current ideologies related to language in Korea. In so doing, I explore the relationship between these variables and the language varieties of individual speakers. I argue that because a speaker’s age and exposure to English shapes the language variety they use and the language ideology in Korea touches individual speakers in different ways, native speakers in today’s Korea use several language varieties. These findings challenge the notion of a linguistically and ethnically homogeneous Korea and shed light on the current status of Korean English and American English in Korea.
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Chien, Shou-Chun. "Attitudes towards varieties of English by non-native and native speakers : a comparative view from Taiwan and the UK." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8932/.
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Attitudes towards varieties of English have long been at the forefront of sociolinguistic research. Whilst most of these studies have concentrated on native varieties of English, in recent years, research has turned to non-native varieties that arose as English became the lingua franca across the globe. Research has demonstrated that whilst native varieties are generally viewed as being of a higher status, non-native varieties are sometimes considered more positively in terms of social attractiveness, or ‘solidarity’. However, in recent years, non-native speakers have begun to outnumber native English speakers, thus attitudes towards these speakers may be changing. This study contributes to research on attitudes towards native and non-native varieties of English by conducting a comparative investigation of the attitudes of 317 Taiwanese nationals living in Taiwan and 147 British nationals living in the UK towards different English accents. Online questionnaires utilising both direct (e.g., Likert scales and multiple-choice questions) and indirect (e.g., verbal guise test) methods were employed to examine Taiwanese and British attitudes towards varieties of English. The study examined seven varieties as categorised according to Kachru’s (1992a) three concentric circles: the Inner Circle: Australian English, General American English and Standard Southern British English; the Outer Circle: Indian English; and the Expanding Circle: Japanese English, Spanish English and Taiwanese English. Four key findings emerge from the study. First, both direct and indirect techniques of evaluation demonstrate that both Taiwanese and British respondents largely favour English varieties of the Inner Circle and the Outer Circle over those of the Expanding Circle. Second, the indirect attitude measurements of the verbal guise test demonstrate that both groups prefer the variety of General American English in terms of both status and solidarity. Third, the research found that a number of social variables (e.g., gender, occupation) had a significant effect on speaker evaluations. Fourth, although Taiwanese and British participants were very capable of distinguishing whether a speaker was native or non-native, there were generally no significant correlations between a speaker’s ability to identify different English varieties and their having a favourable attitude towards these. Overall, the findings demonstrated that Taiwanese and British people predominantly share similar attitudes towards varieties of English. Nevertheless, when the effects of the social variables and speaker identifications are considered, native and non-native speakers’ perceptions of different varieties of English might differ. These findings contribute to the understanding of the similarities and differences between native and non-native speakers’ attitudes towards varieties of English in the context of an increasingly globalised world and the rise of the non-native speakers of English therein.
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Hack, Franziska Maria. "The syntax and prosody of interrogatives : evidence from varieties spoken in northern Italy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fae95d56-9fa0-48d5-af0d-7c629eed9c3e.
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The vast majority of work on question formation examines interrogatives from the perspective of just one single component of grammar, usually the syntax or the prosody. The present dissertation offers a comprehensive account of question formation addressing both the syntax and the prosody of interrogatives and the interaction between these two components of grammar in signalling the question meaning of an utterance. The present work examines question formation on the basis of four genealogically related and geographically closely located Romance varieties spoken in northern Italy: Gherdëina, Badiot, Fascian and Nònes. Given that these varieties differ only with respect to certain microparametric values whereas others remain constant, they constitute an ideal research area to study the interaction between the syntax and the prosody in question formation. The syntactic and prosodic analyses proposed are based on new empirical data. The syntactic analysis is couched within the cartographic approach and the prosodic analysis is based on Autosegmental-Metrical Phonology. This dissertation is motivated by five main research goals: - to provide a detailed description of the syntactic variation found in interrogatives in the four varieties Gherdëina, Badiot, Fascian and Nònes based on data collected by the author;
- to propose a unified syntactic analysis of the interrogatives;
- to offer a prosodic analysis of statements and questions providing new data from varieties not studied up to now in the literature;
- to establish the relation between the syntax and the prosody in question formation;
- to determine how the syntax and the prosody interact in providing clues to interrogative force for the listener as well as the speaker.
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Jantjies, Wesley. "The discourse marker mos in rural varieties of Afrikaans in the Western Cape: A descriptive study of syntactic patterns and pragmatic function." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1927.
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Thesis (MA (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis considers the linguistic item mos as it occurs in the speech of non-standard Cape Afrikaans speakers from the rural areas of the Western Cape, namely Montague, Worcester, Robertson, Touwsrivier, De Doorns, and Beaufort West. The syntactic and pragmatic properties of mos are described, as well as its prevalence in discourse in relation to particular social factors. Properties and functions of adverbs and discourse markers, as discussed by Ponelis (1985), Schiffrin (1987, 2001), and Fraser (1993, 1999, 2001), are applied to mos in terms of its syntactic characterisation as an adverb and as a discourse marker. The pragmatic analysis of mos is based on the analysis of discourse markers, such as you know in English, by Schiffrin (1987, 2001). With regard to the grammatical properties of mos, it was found that mos behaves much like an adverb in terms of syntactic distribution, yet it does not fulfil all the grammatical functions of an adverb, which is why it is being analysed as a discourse marker. The functions of mos as an adverb are restricted; mos does not perform the adverbial function of modifying verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and prepositional phrases; rather, the entire proposition expressed by the utterance is modified or qualified by the use of mos. Its discourse marker functions follow from this property; discourse markers tend to retain the distributional properties of the syntactic category from which they are derived – in this case, the discourse marker mos is derived from the syntactic category of adverb. The position of mos within the sentence, both medial and final, is grammatically determined and has a grammatical relationship with other constituents in the sentence. This is similar for its function as adverb and as discourse marker. Mos is bound to the sentence structure, yet it may still be removed from the sentence without affecting grammaticality; however, in such an event the intended interpretation may not be as explicit. In analysing the discourse functions of mos, a number of pragmatic functions were identified: (i) mos indicates information as general knowledge and knowledge that should be known; (ii) it presents information as necessary in order for a narrative to be understood; (iii) it functions in the development of meta-knowledge in order to discover knowledge which the hearer has about a particular topic; (iv) it presents information which is to be interpreted as a causal or reason for a particular event or situation; (v) it presents a position or opinion in an argument which is to be regarded as fact; and (vi) it reveals logical relationships between two utterances.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis handel oor die linguistiese item mos soos dit in die spraak van nie-standaard Kaapse Afrikaanse sprekers in die landelike gebiede van die Wes-Kaap, naamlik Montague, Worcester, Robertson, Touwsrivier, De Doorns, en Beaufort-Wes voorkom. Die tesis beskryf die sintaktiese en pragmatiese eienskappe van mos, sowel as die effek van spesifieke sosiale faktore op die voorkoms daarvan in diskoers. Die eienskappe en funksies van bywoorde en diskoersmerkers, soos deur Ponelis (1985), Schiffrin (1987, 2001), en Fraser (1993, 1999, 2001) bespreek, word op mos toegepas in terme van sy sintaktiese karakterisering as bywoord. Die pragmatiese analise van mos is gebasseer op Schiffrin (1987, 2001) se analise van diskoersmerkers, byvoorbeeld you know ("jy weet") in Engels. Wat betref die grammatikale eienskappe van mos is daar gevind dat mos soos ‘n bywoord optree in terme van sintakties verspreiding. Dit vervul egter nie al die grammatikale funksies van ‘n bywoord nie; om daardie rede word dit as ‘n diskoersmerker ontleed. Die funksies van mos as ‘n bywoord is beperk; mos modifiseer nie werkwoorde, byvoeglikenaamwoorde, ander bywoorde, of preposisionele frases nie, maar dit modifiseer wel die algehele proposisie wat uitgedruk word deur die uiting. Die diskoersmerker-funksies volg vanuit hierdie eienskap. Diskoersmerkers is geneig om die sintaktiese gedrag van die sintaktiesie kategorie waarvan hulle afgelei is, te behou; in hierdie geval is die diskoersmerker mos afgelei vanaf die sintaktiese kategorie bywoord. Mos kan in die middel of aan die einde van die sin voorkom en sy posisie word grammatikaal bepaal. Dit is die geval vir beide sy funksie as bywoord en as diskoersmerker. Mos is verbind met die sinstruktuur (anders as ander diskoersmerkers), maar dit kan steeds uit die sin verwyder word sonder om grammatikaliteit te beïnvloed; die bedoelde interpretasie mag in so 'n geval egter minder eksplisiet wees. Met die analise van die diskoersfunksies van mos is ‘n aantal pragmatiese funksies geïdentifiseer: (i) mos dui inligting as algemene kennis aan of as inligting wat reeds bekend behoort te wees aan die gespreks genote; (ii) dit stel inligting as noodsaaklik tot die begrip van narratiewe voor; (iii) dit funksioneer in die ontwikkeling van meta-kennis; (iv) dit merk inligting weer wat as rede vir ‘n spesifieke gebeurtenis of situasie geïnterpreteer kan word; (v) dit dui ‘n posisie of ‘n opinie aan wat as feit aanvaar word in ‘n argument; en (vi) dit lê logiese verhoudings tussen uitings bloot.
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Chabo, Maria. "“It is important to understand that there are not just 3 varieties of English” : Swedish upper secondary school students’ awareness of and attitudes towards varieties of English." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55437.
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The main aim of this study is to investigate Swedish upper secondary school students’ awareness of and attitudes to varieties of English, especially with a focus on accents. Based on a survey with both open-ended and closed questions, this study is both qualitative and quantitative. The questionnaire was distributed digitally to several teachers at three upper secondary schools in Sweden, one school in Eskilstuna and the other two in Stockholm. The number of participants in total was 88. The results revealed that the students were aware of several varieties of English, but the most known varieties were American, British, Irish and Indian English. Furthermore, the students were enthusiastic about both American and British English, but American English was the most common. In addition, the majority of the students believed that it was essential to learn about varieties of English in school and that American, British and Canadian were the most important varieties to learn about. In conclusion, the students have a general awareness of and an openness to linguistic variation, as well as being positive towards learning about different varieties of English in school.
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Ylitalo, R. (Riikka). "The Realisation of Prominence in Three Varieties of Standard Spoken Finnish." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514291142.
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Abstract The central goal of this study was to study how contrastive accent is realised phonetically in three regional varieties of Standard Spoken Finnish. Speakers from the Oulu, Turku and Tampere regions produced unaccented and contrastively accented versions of the target words. Fundamental frequencies and segment durations were measured in all the target words, and in the contrastively accented versions also the temporal distance of the F0 peak from word onset. In the unaccented words, F0 fluctuations were very small, indicating once more that in Finnish, too, mere word stress is not realised tonally. In the words with CV.CV(X) structure, the lengthening of segment durations due to stress was restricted to the initial syllable in Tampere, whereas in Oulu and Turku the lengthening extended to the second syllable. The width of the fall-rise F0 pattern realising contrastive accent was in all word structures widest in the Oulu variety, and the narrowest in the Tampere variety. In the Turku variety CV.CV(X) words, the F0 peak occurred further away from word onset than in any other words investigated. The differences in segment durations among the varieties were similar in the unaccented words and in the contrastively accented ones, with one exception: the duration of V1 in the unaccented CV.CV(X) words was the same across the varieties, but in the contrastively accented CV.CV(X) words the duration of V1 was shorter in the Turku variety than in the other varieties. The durational ratio of V1 and V2 in the Turku variety – as in the Oulu variety – was different from the durational ratio in the Tampere variety: in Turku and Oulu V2 had a longer duration than V1, whereas in Tampere V1 had a longer duration than V2. This confirms earlier observations that Turku and Oulu belong to regions in which the V2 of CV.CV(X) words is half-long (longer than V1), but Tampere does not. However, the present study shows that the relative half-long duration of the V2 of CV.CV(X) words is achieved differently in Turku and Oulu: in Turku through the short duration of V1, but in Oulu through the long duration of V2Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen keskeisin tavoite oli selvittää, miten kontrastiivinen aksentti toteutuu foneettisesti kolmelta eri suomen murrealueelta kotoisin olevien yleiskielisessä puheessa. Oulun, Turun ja Tampereen seuduilta kotoisin olevat koehenkilöt tuottivat tutkimuksen jokaisesta kohdesanasta sekä aksentoimattoman että kontrastiivisesti aksentoidun esiintymän. Tuotetuista kohdesanoista mitattiin perustaajuuksia, äännesegmenttien kestot sekä kontrastiivisesti aksentoituiduista sanoista F0:n huipun etäisyys sanan alusta. Aksentoimattomissa sanoissa F0:n muutokset olivat kaikissa tutkituissa suomen varieteeteissa erittäin vähäisiä, mikä taas kerran todisti, ettei suomessakaan pelkkä sanapaino toteudu tonaalisesti. Sanapainon toteutumisessa kestojen avulla oli varieteettien välisiä eroja CV.CV(X)-rakenteisissa sanoissa: Tampereen varieteetissa sanapainon toteutumisala rajoittui ensimmäiseen tavuun, mutta Turun ja Oulun varieteeteissa se ulottui myös toiseen tavuun. Kontrastiivista aksenttia toteuttavan F0:n nousu–lasku-kuvion laajuus oli kaiken rakenteisissa kohdesanoissa suurin Oulun varieteetissa, pienempi Turun varieteetissa ja kaikkein pienin Tampereen varieteetissa. Muutoin kontrastiivisen aksentin toteutumisessa F0:n avulla oli huomattavia varieteettien välisiä eroja vain CV.CV(X)-rakenteisissa sanoissa: Turun varieteetin CV.CV(X)-sanoissa F0:n huippukohta sijaitsi kauempana sanan alusta kuin kaikissa muissa tutkituissa sanoissa, eli kauempana kuin muun rakenteisissa Turun varieteetin sanoissa ja kaiken rakenteisissa Oulun ja Tampereen varieteettien sanoissa. Varieteettien väliset segmenttien kestoerot olivat samat aksentoimattomissa ja kontrastiivisesti aksentoiduissa sanoissa, lukuun ottamatta sitä, että CV.CV(X)-rakenteisten sanojen V1:n kestossa ei aksentoimattomissa sanoissa ollut varieteettien välisiä eroja, mutta kontrastiivisesti aksentoiduissa sanoissa kyseisen segmentin kesto oli lyhempi Turun varieteetissa kuin muissa varieteeteissa. Tällä tavoin Turun varieteetin kontrastiivisesti aksentoiduissa CV.CV(X)-sanoissa toteutui V1:n ja V2:n kestosuhde, joka – samoin kuin Oulun varieteetin vastaava kestosuhde – poikkeaa Tampereen varieteetin vastaavasta kestosuhteesta: Turussa ja Oulussa V2 on V1:tä pitempikestoinen, Tampereella päinvastoin V1:n kesto on V2:n kestoa suurempi. Tämä vahvistaa ne aiempien tutkimusten tulokset, että Turku ja Oulu ovat ns. puolipidennysmurteiden aluetta, mutta Tampere ei. Kuitenkin tämä tutkimus osoitti, että kontrastiivisesti aksentoitujen sanojen puolipidennys saadaan Turun varieteetissa aikaan pikemminkin lyhytkestoisen V1:n kuin pitkäkestoisen V2:n avulla, kun taas Oulun varieteetissa puolipidennys syntyy nimenomaan pitkäkestoisen V2:n avulla. Kaiken kaikkiaan suurin osa tutkimuksessa todetuista varieteettien välisistä selvistä perustaajuus- ja kestoeroista koski CV.CV(X)-rakenteisia sanoja, jotka ovatkin erikoinen suomen sanatyyppi yksimoraisen ensi tavunsa vuoksi
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Ortu, Laura. "World Englishes: Attitude in the Expanding Circle Towards East and Southeast Asian Varieties of English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-191503.
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English has become an essential part in our lives. It is inevitable to formulate an opinion when we meet a new person, and in particular we tend to focus our attention on the way this person speaks. The present research aims to answer the questions on how a European audience (Italian audience) perceives different varieties of English to which it is exposed. Four different speakers from four different Southeast and East Asian countries were selected and recorded while reading a short text. These recordings were submitted to the audience, which was asked to answer a set of questions about comprehensibility and likability. Results show that the audience elected as their favourite speaker the clearest accent to hear, thus suggesting that the members of the audience might have been influenced by comprehensibility and accentedness in the first place. Other variables, such as expressiveness, were not significantly considered by the participants.
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Alfredsson, Antonia. ""What Variety Do You Think I Should Use?" : Seven Swedish EFL Teachers' views on language varieties in the classroom." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53681.
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The aim of this essay is to gain knowledge about attitudes towards the use of different varieties of English in the classroom from the perspective of seven English teachers in Swedish upper secondary school. The study was carried out through interviews with teachers from different upper secondary schools in Sweden. Qualitative interviews were used to gain information from the teachers. The results showed that the language varieties most of the teachers used were American English and British English, which had to do with what variety they were more exposed to. When asked about their students’ choices of language variety in the classroom, the teachers said that they used American English because of the frequent presence of the variety in films and television. The teachers worked with language varieties in the classroom by incorporating different varieties into the teaching using films, clips or listening comprehensions with speakers of, for example, Indian English or Australian English. Regarding the significance of working with language varieties in the classroom, the teachers said that it could develop knowledge and understanding of other people and that it could expand knowledge about the English-speaking world. In conclusion, the results showed that, even though American English and British English are the most commonly used English varieties in Swedish upper secondary schools, there are many ways teachers try to incorporate other language varieties to help students develop their English.
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Helleberg, Fia. "English with an accent : A study of attitudes among Swedish adolescents regarding British and Middle Eastern varieties of English." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40161.
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This study examines the attitudes of adolescent Swedes towards speakers of British and Middle Eastern varieties of English. Due to the ongoing wars in the Middle East and elsewhere, and thus the stream of refugees seeking sanctuary in Sweden and other European countries, many children from diverse backgrounds have been and will be enrolled in Swedish schools. Considering their right to democratic, humane and inclusive education, it is of importance to identify and oppose possible prejudice and preconceptions towards foreign languages, cultures and religions at an early state. This study aims towards this goal. The study, carried out among Swedish teenagers, is based on a matched-guise test in combination with an Osgood scale. The pre-recorded speakers were from Iran, Syria, and Britain. The results of the study prove that there were preconceptions regarding Middle Eastern varieties of English, yet they can be both positive and negative. It is evident that the majority of the informants perceived the Middle Eastern speakers of English negatively with regard to traits that may be related to education, economy and intelligence, yet they rated the same speakers positively with regard to traits that may be correlated to emotional and social capacity. Interestingly enough, the study also provides evidence to suggest that British speakers of English are perceived favourably with regard to traits that may be related to education, economy and intelligence, yet negatively with regard to traits that may be correlated to emotional and social capacity. Overall, the study mainly provided results that confirm findings of previous research within the field.
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Lingemyr, Jesper. "English Varieties in Swedish Upper Secondary School : An analysis of Listening Exercises in Swedish National Tests." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23579.
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The purpose of this project was to find out what varieties of English that Swedish upper secondary school students are exposed to in the classroom and to what extent they are exposed to different varieties. This was conducted by looking at preparation exercises for the listening part of the Swedish National Tests. These exercises are created by Göteborgs Universitet and are available online for everyone and show how the real national test will be done. By listening and analyzing every speaker’s variety they were sorted into British, American, Mid-Atlantic, Australian or New Zealand varieties. A total of 91 speakers were analyzed and the results showed that Students are exposed to mostly British English with half of the speakers using a British variety. One fourth of the speakers used American English while the rest were divided into Mid-Atlantic, Australian or New Zealand varieties.
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Källstad, Elin. "Is teaching GA and RP enough? : A study of Swedish upper secondary students’ attitudes towards varieties of English and their English education." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42417.
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This study focuses on the teaching and learning of English as a second language and how different varieties of English are currently being used in education around the world and in Sweden. The purpose is to examine Swedish upper secondary students’ comprehension of different spoken varieties of English and their attitudes towards these varieties. Additionally, it will be investigated how important the students think exposure to different varieties is, which varieties they feel are important to have encountered, and what they think more generally regarding English language teaching and learning. 92 students in an upper secondary school in Sweden took part in the study. A listening exercise was carried out with follow up questions to test comprehension and examine how easy the students found the speakers to understand and how much they liked the sound of the pronunciation. This was followed by a questionnaire where the students were asked to indicate their level of agreement with statements about the importance of exposure to different varieties of English in their education. The results showed that the participants understood the speakers well in general, but that English English and American English were considered the easiest to understand and most pleasant to listen to, while Indian English ended up at the other side of the spectrum. Most of the students answered that it is very important for them to be exposed to various varieties of English in their education, and suggestions regarding which varieties to use in class were given. In conclusion, English teaching in Sweden should include more exposure to different Englishes to meet students’ requests.
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Lidblad, Sara. "Attitudes and Use of English in Swedish Society - a survey of preferences and actual use." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6227.
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Abstract
Many would agree that English has become a global language that has spread all over the world. English has been the primary foreign language in the Swedish school curriculum since the Second World War and most Swedes have some English language proficiency. Today, Swedes are not only subjected to English in school, but also come across English every day in media, in the streets or at work.
A number of studies have been done on how Swedish students use English and of their attitudes towards it, but not much on how Swedes that are no longer under school influence view the matter. This study has examined the attitudes and preferences towards English among 60 adults. Most of them have a positive attitude towards English and believe that the use of English in Sweden will increase in the future. Even so, they show little concern that English might be a future threat towards Swedish.
Both men and women find media as their primary source of English influence and there was only one minor difference to be noted when comparing attitudes between different age groups. The older female informants reported to use less English and have lower skills than the rest. No such trend was seen among the men belonging to the same age group. Besides this, some interesting gender differences were seen. The female informants reported to have a stronger preference for British English and the male informants showed preference for American English. These gender differences would be interesting to study further.
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Larsson, Magdalena. "Beliefs regarding accommodation of dialects." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16867.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate non-linguists' ideas about dialect accommodation. That is to say, the research questions concern people's beliefs about whether they accommodate their dialects to their interlocutors. In addition, one research question concerns people's suggestions as to why they adjust their speech and if differences between native and foreign languages can be found. The investigation was carried out as an informant survey and a total of 26 participants, between the ages 20 and 30, answered the questions. The data were analysed and discussed from a sociolinguistic and a sociopsychological perspective, with the theory CAT as a foundation for the interpretations. The results show that people believed they change their speech depending on conversation partner. This was thought of as subconscious behaviour and was mainly reflected upon afterwards. Furthermore, comments from the questionnaire concern changes in speech when talking to friends, when the interlocutor's dialect is distinct and when the informants visit a different geographical area. In addition, the informants have ideas about efficient communication when it comes to comprehensibility between the conversation partners' vocabularies as well as being on the same communicative level. The results from a native language accommodation situation and a foreign language accommodation situation showed similar ideas. That is to say, people's perceptions about accommodation did not differ much depending on what language they used.
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Trociuk, Agata Helena. "Pour une approche linguistique des recherches identitaires dans le roman québécois contemporain." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0024/document.
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Ce travail de doctorat a été rédigé dans le cadre d’une cotutelle internationale de thèse, établie entre l’Université de Limoges et l’Université de Montréal. Nous examinons quatre romans québécois contemporains : Hadassa de Myriam Beaudoin, La Logeuse d’Éric Dupont, Le Fou d’Omar d’Abla Farhoud et Côte-des-Nègres de Mauricio Segura. Les romans ont été publiés entre les années 1998 et 2006. Le plus important objectif est l’étude du lien entre l’hétérolinguisme du roman québécois des années 1995-2010 et la pratique langagière des protagonistes. Nous plaçons les héros littéraires au cœur de notre recherche. Nous procédons par induction, parce que nous décryptons la conception du monde des personnages principaux à partir de leur pratique langagière. Cela nous permet de déterminer les facteurs qui motiveraient le changement de registre et de variété de langue dans des situations spécifiques. Nous nous servons des théories littéraires, linguistiques et sociolinguistiques. L’analyse de la diégèse s’inspire de la théorie de Gérard Genette. Nous nous servons de cinq procédés de différenciation de Philippe Hamon et de deux procédés d’individualisation de Boris Tomachevski pour établir la hiérarchie des personnages. Les résultats de l’analyse diégétique sont reproduits sur le schéma graphique de l’énonciation, qui est notre création. Rainier Grutman décrit l’hétérolinguisme comme « la présence dans un texte d’idiomes étrangers, sous quelque forme que ce soit, aussi bien que de variétés (sociales, régionales ou chronologiques) de la langue principale ». Nous recourons aux travaux de Rainier Grutman (1997) et de Chantal Richard (2004) pour analyser les formes et fonctions de l’hétérolinguisme dans notre corpus. L’approche sociolinguistique s’inspire du modèle variationniste de l’alternance et de l’emprunt de Shana Poplack (1988)This doctoral degree dissertation has been written for a joint PhD, established between the Université de Limoges and the Université de Montréal. We examine four contemporary Quebecois novels: Myriam Beaudoin’s Hadassa, Éric Dupont’s La Logeuse, Abla Farhoud’s Le Fou d’Omar and Mauricio Segura’s Côte-des-Nègres. The novels were published in Montreal between 1998 and 2006. The most important objective is the study of the link between the heterolingualism of the Quebecois novel during the years 1995-2010 and the linguistic practice of the protagonists. We place literary heroes at the heart of our research. We make an interpretation by induction, as we decrypt the worldview of this literary heroes from the linguistic practice. This will allow us to determine the factors that could motivate the change of register and variety of language in specific situations. We use literary, linguistic and sociolinguistic methods. The analysis of the diegesis is based on Gérard Genette’s narratology theory. We use Philippe Hamon’s five differentiation processes and Boris Tomashevsky’s two individualization processes to establish the hierarchy of the literary characters. The results of the analysis of the diegesis are reproduced on a diagram. This type of diagram is our creation. Rainier Grutman define the heterolingualism like “the use of foreign languages or social, regional and historical varieties in literary texts” (translated by Nicole Nolette). We refer to the works of Rainier Grutman (1997) and Chantal Richard (2004) to analyse the form and function of hetorolingualism in our corpus. A sociolinguistic approach is based on Shana Poplack’s works and her variationist model of code switching and of borrowing (1988)
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Toscan, Mirian Peccati. "O comportamento lingüistico na comunidade bilíngüe ítalo-brasileira de Nova Pádua/RS : identidade, prestígio e estigma lingüísticos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2005. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/148.
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Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na comunidade lingüística ítalo-brasileira de Nova Pádua, situada Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, fundada em 1885 por imigrantes italianos. Esse grupo etnolingüístico convive com uma situação de línguas em contato e bilingüismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar atitudes lingüísticas dos bilíngües em relação aos sistemas de fala utilizados pelo grupo étnico-social: a língua portuguesa standard, o dialeto italiano (Coiné) e a variedade de fala de língua portuguesa local. A investigação partiu do pressuposto de que os bilíngües adotam atitudes positivas ou negativas, de prestígio ou estigma, em relação às variedades lingüísticas. Além disso, pressupõe-se que o comportamento dos bilíngües é regulado por valores atribuídos às línguas. Os resultados mostraram uma gama de valores positivos e negativos atribuídos e percebidos nas variedades lingüísticas, e esses valores orientam o uso dessas variedades. Não só a avaliação positiva ou negativa orienta o comportamento lingüístico dos bilíngües, mas também fatores extralingüísticos como situações de interação formal ou informal e a solidariedade ao interlocutor. Inesperadamente, a pesquisa mostrou um conflito de valores e de identidade lingüísticos entre os participantes da amostra. Esse conflito revelou-se na contradição existente nos juízos de valor atribuídos às variedades lingüísticas, nas duas situações de avaliação propostas pela pesquisa. Na primeira, em que o falante seria uma terceira pessoa e não o sujeito da pesquisa, o dialeto italiano é o sistema de fala de maior prestígio, e a língua portuguesa standard, a língua de menor prestígio. As atitudes positivas em relação ao dialeto italiano ou dialeto vêneto (Coiné) apontam para uma ligação afetiva entre o sentimento étnico italiano e a identidade lingüística da amostra. Contraditoriamente, para uma situação interpessoal, em domínios usuais como: casa, Capela, escola, em que o próprio bilíngüe deveria falar, os valores divergiram. Isto é, os sistemas de fala de língua portuguesa, local e standard, receberam maior prestígio do que o dialeto italiano. Essas atitudes foram justificadas, entre outros motivos, pela necessidade de domínio da língua portuguesa, pela solidariedade ao interlocutor e pelo reconhecimento de uma forma lingüística de língua portuguesa local, língua portuguesa com marcas italianas. Dessa forma, os dados mostraram que a identidade lingüística italiana é mais idealizada e/ou nostálgica do que real. Em contrapartida, parece surgir um latente reconhecimento de uma prática lingüística ítalo-brasileira local.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-12T16:34:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mirian Peccatti Toscan.pdf: 3947798 bytes, checksum: a5d257f3d33157c295cb83d4aebe92a3 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-12T16:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mirian Peccatti Toscan.pdf: 3947798 bytes, checksum: a5d257f3d33157c295cb83d4aebe92a3 (MD5)
This reasearch was developed in an Italo-Brazilian linguistics community of Nova Pádua, located in the northeast of Rio grande do Sul, which was founded in 1885 by Italian imigrants. This etnolinguisitcs group lives with a situation of bilinguism and languages in contact with each other. The aim of our work was to investigate the linguistics attitudes of the bilingual speakers in relation to the used speaking systems by the ethnic-social: the standard Portuguese language, the Italian dialect (Coiné) and the variety of the local speaking Portuguese language. The investigation began with the presupposition that bilingual speakers have positive or negative attitudes, prestige or stigma, in relation to the linguistics varieties. Besides this, we presupposed that bilingual speakers behaviour is measured by the values given to the languages. The results showed a series of positive and negative values related and perceived in the linguistics varieties. Not just the positive and negative evaluation guides the linguistics behaviour of bilingual speakers, but also extra-linguistics factors as a formal interation situation or the speaker s solidarity. Surprisingly, the research showed a conflict of values and linguistics identity in the sample. This conflict was revealed in the contradiction of the values judgement given to the linguistics varieties in the two evaluation proposals suggested by the research. In the first proposal, where the speaker is a third person, not the one belong to the research, the Italian dialect is the speaking system of the greatest prestige and the standard Portuguese language, the language of minor prestige. The positive attitudes in relation to the Italian dialect direct to an afective link between the Italian ethnic feeling and the sample s linguistic identity. Contradictorily, for an interpersonal situation, in usual dominions as house, school, chapel where the own bilingual should speak, the values differ. It means that the regional and standard Portuguese language speaking systems receive more prestige than the Italian dialect. Among other aspects, these attitudes were justified by the necessity of the Portuguese language dominium, by the speakers solidarity and by the recognition of a linguistics form of a local Portuguese language, Portuguese with Italian marks. By all these, the dates showed that the Italian linguistics identity is more idealized and/or nostalgic than real.On the other side, it seems appearing a latent recognition of a local Italo-Brazilian linguistcs practice.
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Anteryd, Linn. "African-American English i direkt anföring : Etta James självbiografi översatt till svenska – att anpassa översättningen efter en varietet som inte har någon motsvarighet på svenska." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260105.
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Detta examensarbete är indelat i tre delar. Examensarbetet består av en översättning av tre kapitel ur Etta James självbiografi Rage to survive: the Etta James story skriven av James och spökförfattaren David Ritz, samt ett kapitel om vilka textspecifika översättningsproblem som uppstod vid översättningen. Den tredje delen består av en djupanalys av hur varieteten African-American English (AAE) översatts i två andra verk, nämligen I know why the caged bird sings av Maya Angelou och The bluest eye av Toni Morrison där översättningarna av dessa verk jämförs med min översättning av Rage to survive: the Etta James story. Djupanalysens syfte är att undersöka hur många talspråksmarkörer som finns i de ovannämnda verken, samt hur många av dessa markörer är specifika för AAE. Dessutom används Englund Dimitrovas varietetsskala (2001). Detta för att undersöka huruvida måltexterna ligger på skalan i relation till källtexterna genom mängden talspråksmarkörer. Översättningen genomfördes med målet att ligga så nära källtextens stil som var möjligt med hänsyn till målspråkets grammatiska regler och förutsättningar. Detta för att kunna erbjuda den målspråklige läsaren en likvärdig effekt som läsaren av källtexten. För att uppfylla detta mål fick en del kompromisser göras.This thesis is divided into three main parts. It consists of a translation of three chapters from Etta James’ autobiography named Rage to survive: the Etta James story, written by James herself and ghost writer David Ritz. The thesis also features a part involving the issues that arose when I translated Rage to survive: the Etta James story and how I solved these issues. The third and final part consists of an analysis of how African-American English (AAE) has been translated in two other novels in the past, namely I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Toni Morrison’s The bluest eye. I compare the translations of these two novels with my own translation of Rage to survive: the Etta James story in the analysis where I strive to gain insight into the norms for translating spoken varieties. The translation was carried out with the purpose of maintaining the stylistic and informal markers as intact as possible while at the same time adhering to the grammatical prerequisites of the target language (Swedish).
Översättningen är borttagen ur den publicerade versionen i fulltext i DiVA (denna version) på grund av upphovsrätten.
The translation has been removed from the published version of the essay in DiVA due to copyright.
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Eggert, Björn. "Global English and Listening Materials : A Textbook Analysis." Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4040.
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This paper focuses on listening materials used in English language teaching in Sweden, especially in respect to the concept of global English. Global English could briefly be described as the linguistic, cultural, politic, and economic influence of English in the world. This influence concerns two aspects of English, namely the usage of English as a lingua franca in international communications, as well as the great range of English varieties that are used today. The purpose of this research is to study how varied listening materials are and how, when and why they are used in the classrooms. I conducted a two-part investigation to study these matters. The first part of the investigation focuses on teachers’ usage of listening materials and is based on a questionnaire handed out to five teachers. I found that the teachers varied much in their usage of listening materials. In the second part of the investigation I compare the listening materials provided by two Swedish textbooks on English, one from 1994 and one from 2003. Here I focus on the speakers’ varieties, rate of delivery, and instructions given for listening exercises. I found that both books featured a majority of speakers from the British Isles and America, and very few non-native speakers. The more recent book featured a larger degree of varieties outside the areas of Britain and the USA, as well as a larger degree of American English when dividing the varieties by the time these were spoken. RP (Received Pronunciation) and GA (General American) were also less dominating in the textbook from 2003. The rate of delivery was generally slower in the older textbook. The results from this investigation suggest that some changes seem to have occurred between the publishing of the two books. However, a focus on English as a lingua franca, where the aim is proficiency in efficient cross cultural communication rather than in the English spoken by native speakers, does not seem to have influenced the textbooks studied here. It is difficult to appreciate whether or not changes like these have taken hold in Swedish classrooms, as teachers use many different listening materials and in many different ways.
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Christiansen, Martha Sidury Juarez Lopez. "Facebook as Transnational Space: Language and Identity among 1.5 and Second Generation Mexicans in Chicago." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366196872.
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Mulaudzi, Phalandwa Abraham. "A linguistic description of language varieties in Venda." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27623.
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This thesis investigates the various language varieties of
Venda. In traditional descriptions, researchers were mainly
concerned with linguistic differences which characterised the socalled
Venda 'dialects'. These are spoken forms which are
mutually intelligible to one another and which occur within
identifiable regional boundaries. Each of these forms in turn,
is mutually intelligible to the so-called standard form, commonly
known as Tshiphani. Various factors contributed to the evolvement
of · the Venda dialects and, as this study shows, in some cases
these factors are historical in nature and in others, they are
determined by adjacent ethnic groups of people. The linguistic
differences which characterise each of these dialects are
identified and discussed.
It is then argued that the term 'dialect' is far too restricted
to account for the various spoken forms which characterise the
Venda language, and the term 'language variety' is introduced to
deal with the shortcomings of the traditional approach to
language differences. The nature of different spoken forms is
then discussed within the ambit of the definition of 'language
varieties'. This is a term used in general linguistic studies and
accounts for the many different forms that may characterise a
language.+ To this end, a detailed discussion is presented of the
social rural and urban varieties which are found in Venda. Some
of these varieties are secretive in nature, and are not generally
known to the general public. They include language varieties
which characterise various institutions such as murundu, vhutuka,
musevhetho, vhusha, thondo and domba . Then there are those
varieties which are referred to as 'open' rural varieties which
are not, generally speaking secretive in nature, for example
those which characterise traditional religious beliefs, taboo
forms, and those referred to as musanda and malombo. Finally,
reference is made to the language varieties which permeate urban
as well as rural areas, including those of divination, the
church, tsotsitaal, gender, a variety which is referred to as the
the linguistic restriction variety and finally the varieties used
in the courtroom as well as that used by politicians.African Languages
44
"Attitudes Towards English Word Usage in American English Speakers of Different Varieties." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38748.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: The English language is taught all over the world and changes immensely from place to place. As such, both L1 and L2 English Language Users all utilize English as a tool for creating meaning in their existence and to also form perspectives on how the language ought to be. What is interesting about this is that the language being used to do that is one birthed from a culture that many English speakers across the globe are separated from; that is, Anglo-Saxon culture. Since learning and using language is also learning and participating in culture the question is, then how separated are American English speakers from that of the culture that created the language they speak? Does Anglo-Saxon culture impact how worldviews are formed in contemporary English speakers? I propose that the first step to finding some answers is by investigating the language ideologies that American English speakers have through the inquiry of meanings that they prescribe to English words that derive from Old English and subsequently have Germanic origins. The following work details a study examining the language attitudes of American English speakers in hopes of shedding new light on these questions.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Applied Linguistics 2016
45
Laurent, Eveline. "Les représentations des variétés régionales de l'allemand chez les assistants d'allemand au Québec." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22485.
Full text
46
""Good Writing" in Increasingly Internationalized U.S. Universities: How Instructors Evaluate Different Written Varieties of English." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.24909.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: This study investigates how university instructors from various disciplines at a large, comprehensive university in the United States evaluate different varieties of English from countries considered "outer circle" (OC) countries, formerly colonized countries where English has been transplanted and is now used unofficially and officially to varying degrees. The study was designed to address two gaps in the research: (1) how instructors in increasingly internationalized U.S. universities evaluate different written varieties of English, since many international students may be writing in an L1 other than American English, and (2) how instructors' first language and/or disciplinary backgrounds appear to affect their evaluations. Through a comparison of rankings and qualitative analysis of interview data, the study examines whether the participating instructors value the same features and characteristics in writing, such as text and organization features, found in American English and varieties of OC written English. In addition, it examines whether one's first or native language or one's disciplinary training affects the perception and evaluation of these particular varieties of English. This study showed that what is currently valued and expected by instructors from various disciplines in U.S. universities is what may be identified as an "American" style of writing; participants expected an organization providing a clear purpose up front, including paragraphs of a certain length, and containing sentences perceived as more direct and succinct. In addition, given the overall agreement on the element of good writing demonstrated in how composition and content area professors ranked the writing samples, my study suggests that what is being taught in composition is preparing student for the writing expected in content area classes. Last, my findings add to World Englishes (WE) research by adding a writing component to WE attitudinal research studies, which have previously focused on oral production. Almost equal numbers of Native and Non-Native English Speakers (NESs and NNESs) participated, and the NNESs appeared more tolerant of different varieties, unlike the preference for inner circle norms noted in previous studies. This study, therefore, has implications for writing research and instruction at U.S. colleges and universities, as well as informing the field of World Englishes.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. English 2014
47
Nkosi, Dolphina Mmatsela. "Language variation and change in a Soshanguve high school." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2344.
Full textAbstract:
This study takes place within a school situated on the north eastern side of Soshanguve, a township to the north of the capital city, Pretoria, also called Tshwane. The school draws most of its learners from an area that started as an informal settlement. Certain parts of this settlement are now well structured and it is gradually becoming a formal settlement. The children who form part of this study are those whose parents have migrated from neighbouring provinces such as Limpopo, North West and Mpumalanga, as well as from neighbouring countries such as Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Owing to this migration, the community around this school is multilingual. Multilingualism has led to phonic, grammatical, semantic and stylistic language interference. This interference has caused language change, which in turn has led to variations that affect the standard form of Sesotho sa Lebowa, the first language of the school.
The school selected for this study has achieved very average matriculation results since its establishment in 1994. Although the school generally achieves a 100% pass rate in the subject Sesotho sa Lebowa, marks are generally low despite the fact that the learners are supposedly first language speakers of Sesotho sa Lebowa. The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons for the poor quality of these results. Matriculation results over the past four years attest to the fact that something needs to be done in order to reverse the negative trend of these results.Linguistics
M.A. (Sociolinguistics)
48
Obwoge, Beatrice Kemunto Charity. "A lexico-semantic analysis of EkeGusii circumcision social varieties." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14485.
Full textAbstract:
The study is based on the lexical choices in the social context of EkeGusii circumcision and the meaning of the various lexical items used in the social context of circumcision and gender differentiation in the choice of the lexicon of EkeGusii circumcision. This special variety is also used within EkeGusii standard variety but when used in the context of circumcision, the meaning of the lexical items is understood based on context. It is believed that language embodies traditional values and that these values are socially conditioned. This study considers the social conditioning of the circumcision social varieties. Linguistic traditional values of EkeGusii language are reflected in, among others, gender differentiation in the choice of the lexicon in the social context of circumcision. The study was based on two theories; the social theory and contrastive lexico-semantic theory. Social theory was useful in analyzing language in society and what language means to its users while contrastive lexico-semantic theory was useful in analyzing EkeGusii culture-specific meaning which does not translate readily to English. Participatory observation, interview schedules, informers, questionnaires and introspection were used to collect data. Data was analyzed qualitatively in view of the choice of the lexicon within language variation. Findings showed that the sound plays an important role in postulating meaning of EkeGusii Circumcision Social Varieties (ECSV) through vowel lengthening. The lexicon of ECSV comprises nouns and verbs and that this lexicon is a style as well as register of EkeGusii. Gender differentiation in the language is a case of socialization rather than biological. Finally, meaning relations established by the lexicon of ECSV include synonymy, hyponymy, polysemy as well as antonymy. It is recommended in this study that teachers should be trained on Sociolinguistics, carry out classroom research to identify the learners’ sociolinguistic culture and integrate an individual learner with others in the same level especially since the school has taken the role of socialization of an individual.African Languages
M.A. (African languages)
49
"Learning with an Attitude?!: Heritage and L2 Students’ Language Attitudes Toward Spanish Language Varieties in the Advanced Mixed Class." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57188.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: The present study aims to gain deeper insights into language attitudes in the educational context while contributing to the emerging field of advanced mixed, second language and heritage language (HL) courses. Considering that the majority of heritage language learners (HLLs) and second language learners (L2s) in the United States (US) are enrolled in mixed classrooms (Beaudrie, 2012; Carreira, 2016a, 2016b), the study of language attitudes regarding monolingual varieties, bilingual varieties, and L2 varieties is crucial to inform pedagogical best practices that serve both types of learners. Additionally, by analyzing the language attitudes of both types of students toward these three Spanish language varieties, this study demonstrates the importance of incorporating linguistic variation into the classroom to address the linguistic hierarchies that exist in such a context. Thus, the results are relevant to the fields of sociolinguistics, L2 and HL pedagogy.
The study employs matched-guise tasks at two points during the semester, as well as end-term semi-structured interviews. As different linguistic components of a language trigger different attitudes, the findings show that native-like phonetic and phonological features of Spanish speakers afford positive attitudes, as do a formal lexicon and academic register. However, morphosyntactic features do not have any effect on forming an individual’s language attitudes.
To illustrate, the results of the matched-guise tasks show that native and HL varieties were generally evaluated positively, while L2 varieties were evaluated negatively. Interviews revealed native-like accent and pronunciation as the detrimental cause of negative attitudes toward the L2 variety. In contrast to the phonetic/phonological evaluations made by participants, both HLLs and L2s did agree that L2s speak a “proper” and “professional” Spanish. Furthermore, heritage Spanish was described as the “least formal” and “incorrect” Spanish variety in comparison to the L2 variety due to dominant stereotypes and ideologies and the incorporation of lexical characteristics of US Spanish.
Based on these findings, this study has the potential to make an invaluable contribution to understanding how language attitudes and instructional practices in the classroom context intersect with a social justice movement to improve mixed courses in a social, critical, and conscious way.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Spanish 2020
50
Saohatse, Mokgadi C. 1957. "African language varieties at Baragwanath hospital : a sociolinguistic analysis." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17665.
Full textAbstract:
The initial purpose of this study was to describe and analyse the language situation at Baragwanath Hospital. This was seen as a microcosm of the language situation in urban South Africa. As such, this study set out to
identify problems and offer suggestions in resolving the difficulties experienced in communication in this hospital as well as in other medical institutions in the rest of the country. Before attempting such an investigation, a sound theoretical framework had to be established. In order to gain familiarity with the research field, concepts on sociolinguistics had to be researched and described. In order to apply particular concepts to the situation under investigation, the concepts had to be defined and interpreted first. This study has made a contribution to the theoretical debate regarding various sociolinguistic concepts, in that it has shown how these concepts apply to the South African situation. The next step in the research process involved making a decision about which method would be most appropriate for collecting data. Therefore,
various approaches were investigated in order to find the appropriate one. The techniques of data collection and the recruitment of respondents had to be refined before the main data collection process could begin.
Then began the journey of discovery. The detailed description of the language situation at Baragwanath Hospital presented in chapter 3 forms the crux of this study. This is the first time that such a comprehensive,
qualitative description of the entire language situation in this hospital has been done. An appropriate method for data analysis had to be devised. This entailed various levels of analysis and interpretation. A description of the language situation at Baragwanath Hospital would have been incomplete without presenting a few of the various scenarios that took place in this hospital. Many important conclusions were reached during the course of the research. The most important of these were: 1. A huge communication problem exists at Baragwanath Hospital. 2. Either interpreters will have to be hired to overcome this problem; or nurses will have to be paid more for their interpreting services.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil.