Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Linguistique – Documentation'
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Amar, Muriel. "Les fondements théoriques de l'indexation : une approche linguistique." Lyon 2, 1997. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1997/amar_m.
Full textThis research deals with theoretical foundations of indexing seen from a linguistic point of view. The object and the method of study are described in the first chapter. The first part, entitled "Theoretical problems of indexing", contains two chapters, one about lexicon, the other about reference. The second part, "Contribution to theoretical foundations of indexing" sets out to define indexing in a linguistic theory : indexing and descriptor are analysed on a discursive level
Bowers, Jack. "Language Documentation and Standards in Digital Humanities : TEI and the documentation of Mixtepec-Mixtec." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP040.
Full textThis project concerns a language documentation project covering the Mixtepec-Mixtec variety of Mixtec (ISO 639-3: mix). Mixtepec-Mixtec is an Oto-Manguean spoken by roughly 9000- 10000 people in San Juan Mixtepec Municipality in the Juxtlahuaca district of Oaxaca, Mexico and by several thousand speakers living in Baja California, Tlaxiaco, Santiago Juxtlahuaca. There are also significant populations in the United States, most notably in California, around Santa Maria and Oxnard, as well as in Oregon, Florida, and Arkansas. The core facets of the work are: the creation a body of linguistic resources for the MIX language and community; the evaluation the current tools, standards and practices used in language documentation; an account of how the TEI and related XML technologies can be used as the primary encoding, metadata, and annotation format for multi-dimensional linguistic projects, including under-resourced languages. The concrete resources produced are: a multilingual TEI dictionary; a collection of audio recordings published and archived on Harvard Dataverse; a corpus of texts derived from a combination of spoken language transcriptions and texts encoded and annotated in TEI, as well as linguistic and lexicographic descriptions and analyses of the Mixtepec-Mixtec language. Due to the array of different data and resources produced, this project has components that equally fall within the fields of: digital humanities, language documentation, language description and corpus linguistics. Because of this overlapping relevance, over the processes of attempting to carry out this work in line with best practices in each sub-field, this work addresses the need to further bring together the intersecting interests, technologies, practices and standards relevant to, and used in each of these related fields
Van, Hooland Michelle. "Le discours en acte de repenser le travail. L'indexation en mouvement." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL286.
Full textOur research language and work observes the discoursis of the professionnals of information on their indexation. These professionals propose new indexation's and mediation's methods
Voglozin, W. Amenel Abraham. "Le résumé linguistique de données structurées comme support pour l'interrogation." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2040.
Full textSchiattarella, Valentina. "Le berbère de Siwa : documentation, syntaxe et sémantique." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE4006.
Full textThis work aims to present the results of a documentation project on the Siwi language (a Berber language spoken in the Siwa oasis, Egypt by 25,000 speakers) through the analysis of selected aspects of the language, concerning mainly syntax and semantics, that come from the exploitation of a corpus composed of oral data, recorded by both male and female speakers. The thesis is divided into ten chapters (1. Aspect and Mood in the Verbal System of Siwi; 2. Verbal Grammaticalisation; 3. Negation; 4. The -a Suffix and the Resultative Perfect; 5. Preposition n; 6. Demonstratives; 7. Relative Clauses; 8. Other Subordinated Clauses; 9. Accent on Nouns; 10. Word Order and the Information Structure). In each chapter, the linguistic issue is introduced in a typological perspective, then within Berber, before it is analyzed in details in Siwi. Several phenomena that had hitherto remained undescribed, or had not been analyzed, are studied in this research thesis. The appendices at the end are composed of five texts (transcribed and translated during fieldwork) and their metadata. They provide a varied sample (two folktales and three narrations by male and female speakers of different ages) of the language under examination
McCabe, Gragnic Julie. "Documentation et description du maya tenek." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030166.
Full textThe principal objective of this thesis is to document and describe an endangered indigenous language of Mexico and, in parallel, to provide tools to its speakers for the teaching and transmission of said language, thereby contributing to efforts for its revitalisation.As documented within the thesis, Tének (sometimes written Teenek; also known by thename Huastec/Wastek) is a Mayan language spoken in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, and although it is not officially recognised as being in any particular danger of extinction, its destiny is quite uncertain in the mid-term. This is duly demonstrated within the first part of the thesis, thereby questioning the classification of endangered languages, and revealing the extent to which manymore languages are at risk than apparent.The Maya Tének are separated from the other Mayan language speakers by more than 700km, but are in close contact with indigenous language speakers of other origins (namely Uto-Aztec and Otomanguean). This configuration of isolation/contact creates, typologically speaking, aparticularly interesting object of study. Its isolation from the other Mayan languages means thatTének is and has remained a conservative language displaying close links with the proto-language,yet this same situation of isolation, coupled with its contact with languages of other origins, hasforced Tének to innovate and to evolve in other ways. One such example is the classification of nouns which differs from other Mayan languages. Another Tének development is its morphological inverse system based on a hierarchy of person markers which is unique within the Mayan family.The complex verb structure of Tének also presents some interesting features : it has both primary aspect markers (completive, incompletive, etc.) and secondary aspect markers (exhaustive,intensive, résultative, etc.), several antipassive markers (one of which is used to express reciprocity,which is in itself unusual for a Mayan language), more than one way to express the passive as well as the middle voice. All of these features are examined in detail within the second part of this thesis based on original materials collected in the field within the framework of this project both via elicitation and the collection and transcription of stories.The third and final part of the thesis is dedicated to the presentation of some of the original and creative documentation methods and tools used both for fieldwork and in organised workshop sessions in order to collect data for this project as well as to provide means by which the speakersand/or teachers of Tének can fight against the loss of the language. Some of the results of the work accomplished via these methods are presented here too. This part of the thesis also takes a look at how bilingual and intercultural education in Mexico is shaped and the actions taken toward protecting Mexican native languages.This thesis was developed as an experimental project in documentary linguistics; this particular paradigm of linguistics is revealing itself to be more and more important as languages continually disappear but remains as yet a little explored domain within the field of linguistics inFrance
Suleymanov, Murad. "A Grammar of the Tat Dialect of Şirvan." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP058.
Full text“A Grammar of the Tat Dialect of Şirvan” is a grammatical description of a dialect of Tat, a non-written Iranian language spoken in the north of Azerbaijan, in Dagestan and in Georgia. The project draws on a corpus of Tat spontaneous speech, as well as tales, legends, anecdotes and other folkloric texts collected during interviews with native speakers. It contains a detailed typology-based analysis of different aspects of the grammar, as well as comparisons of the most characteristic features with those of closely related dialects and languages, such as Persian, or languages spoken in the same region, such as Azeri. In addition to highlighting phenomena that are novel for Iranian languages, the work contributes to Caucasian studies as a description of a linguistic variety spoken in the heart of an area of intense contact of several language families
Oueslati, Sami. "Modélisation pour l'hypertextualisation automatique de documents techniques : utilisation des organisateurs paralinguistiques et linguistiques." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENL003.
Full textThe objective of the current study is the modeling of the hyper-textualization of technical documents. Such a modeling is based on three elements, mainly knowing the information needs of experts in a work situation, both paralinguistic and linguistic organizers, included in this kind of documents, and the types of objects that compose it. The stages of the suggested modeling are the following: - The segmentation of the content of the technical document into semantically coherent and autonomous knots. - The classification or categorization of these knots in terms of descriptive knowledge and operative knowledge. - The indexation of each knot, - The generation of inter-pertinent hypertext links. To improve the modelling of the automatic generation of knots, the categorization of knowledge carried by each knot as well as its indexation, we introduced linguistic processing. The model used is a semantic and linguistic model that was developed by Maria-Caterina MANES GALLO and Jacques ROUAULT. The elaborated modeling was tested by technician experts and was applied to several technical documents to demonstrate if it could be generalized
Mammadova, Nayiba. "Eléments de description et documentation du tat de l'Apshéron, langue iranienne d'Azerbaïdjan." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF016/document.
Full textThis thesis is a descriptive grammar of Tat (an Iranian language of the South-Western branch) as spoken on the Absheron Peninsula, east of Baku in the Republic of Azerbaijan. It is the first description of a Muslim variety of Tat in a Western European language.After a detailed introduction outlining the sociolinguistic context and the phonology, the present study discusses the parts of speech, the marking of grammatical relations and verbal morphology of Absheron Tat (verbal derivation, verb classes, complex predicates, formation and use of inflected verb forms). This is followed by a survey of complex sentences, viz. relative clauses, complement clauses, adverbial subordinates as well as coordination.The present work adopts a typological point of view and is based on the analysis of texts originating from the author’s fieldwork and tales translated from Azeri into Tat, in addition to the author’s competence as a native speaker. The appendix presents samples of the text corpus (some of them also translated) and a glossary listing items that feature in the grammatical description and the texts
Karsenty, Laurent. "L'explication d'une solution dans les dialogues de conception." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080916.
Full textRecent studies of design projects lead us to think that any design assistance provided must consist of systems that help the designers understand the problem at hand and aid communication between the design team. Given this orientation, the design of good computer assisted design aids depend upon the successful interaction between an individual and a computer. Therefore, we must facilitate this man-machine communication. Our approach to this problem relies on the examination of explanations of design solution. The first chapter examines the concept of explanation and proposes a psychological definition : explanation is the adjustment process of contextual representations. Chapter twxo describes several models of communicatioin, and in particular sperber & wilson's (1989) theory showing how subjects construct the context of their dialogues. Two empirical studies are presented to illustrate the issues raised by our investigation. The first study considers the design of a data base. The goal of this study is to facilitate the communication between a design aid, for data bases, and a user during the validation phase. The second study considers the design of mechanical devices in the areo-space industry. Its purpose is to specify documentation procedures which will facilitate the reuse of old design solutions. These two studies are based on the analysis of natural language dialogues. Three objectives were followed : (i) development of a taxonomy of explanation needs about solutions, (ii) interpretatioin of variations in explanation requirements, (iii) identify interactive properties of the explanation process. In the conclusion we examine the implications of the results for documenting design solutions and to
Godard, Pierre. "Unsupervised word discovery for computational language documentation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS062/document.
Full textLanguage diversity is under considerable pressure: half of the world’s languages could disappear by the end of this century. This realization has sparked many initiatives in documentary linguistics in the past two decades, and 2019 has been proclaimed the International Year of Indigenous Languages by the United Nations, to raise public awareness of the issue and foster initiatives for language documentation and preservation. Yet documentation and preservation are time-consuming processes, and the supply of field linguists is limited. Consequently, the emerging field of computational language documentation (CLD) seeks to assist linguists in providing them with automatic processing tools. The Breaking the Unwritten Language Barrier (BULB) project, for instance, constitutes one of the efforts defining this new field, bringing together linguists and computer scientists. This thesis examines the particular problem of discovering words in an unsegmented stream of characters, or phonemes, transcribed from speech in a very-low-resource setting. This primarily involves a segmentation procedure, which can also be paired with an alignment procedure when a translation is available. Using two realistic Bantu corpora for language documentation, one in Mboshi (Republic of the Congo) and the other in Myene (Gabon), we benchmark various monolingual and bilingual unsupervised word discovery methods. We then show that using expert knowledge in the Adaptor Grammar framework can vastly improve segmentation results, and we indicate ways to use this framework as a decision tool for the linguist. We also propose a tonal variant for a strong nonparametric Bayesian segmentation algorithm, making use of a modified backoff scheme designed to capture tonal structure. To leverage the weak supervision given by a translation, we finally propose and extend an attention-based neural segmentation method, improving significantly the segmentation performance of an existing bilingual method
Courbières, Caroline. "De la mode et des discours au regard de l'indexation documentaire." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20012.
Full textKondic, Snjezana. "A Grammar of South Eastern Huastec, a Maya Language from Mexico." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20052.
Full textThe documentation and description of South Eastern Huastec (Ethnologue code HSF), a Mayan language from Mexico, is a PhD project carried out in cotutelle between the University of Sydney, Australia and the Université Lyon 2 Lumière, France. The first part (the Volume 1) of this thesis is a grammatical description of this Mayan language: its Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax, as well as its Space encoding. The second volume (the Volume 2) of this thesis comprises HSF stories, a detailed description of the documentation project, a detailed summary in French, and the HSF revitalization materials
Baraby, Anne-Marie. "GRAMMATICOGRAPHIE DES LANGUES MINORITAIRES: LE CAS DE L'INNU." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27689/27689.pdf.
Full textPapy, Fabrice. "Hypertextualisation automatique de documents techniques." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081014.
Full textAutomatic hypertextualization, an empirical process leading to hypertext, uses sequential technical documents typed from word processing software, to create dynamically the nodes and links of hypertext networks. The phase of nodes extraction uses the physical structure to delect the logical entities within documents. Referential links (especially cross-references), whose the syntax is defined by author, are extracted by means of a parser which uses a generic definition of cross-references grammar. Automatic hypertextualization produces a hypertext meta-network, where documents updating may corrupt nodes and links coherence. As relational database management systems have proved their efficiency to preserve data integrity, we propose a relational normalization of hypertextualized documents in order to manage referential links updating. Increasing of the mass of information is another outcome of the automatic creation of hypertext networks because it accentuates more disorientation problems and cognitive overhead. A solution consists of joining the hypertextualization process with an automatic indexing system, which would allow to associate each node with a set of relevant terms representing node content. So, readers will have not only structural navigation mecanisms but semantic browsing capabilities
Tavares, Moreira Ana Karina. "Documentation et description grammaticale et lexicale du créole afro-portugais de l'île de Fogo (République du Cap-Vert, Afrique de l'Ouest)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0028.
Full textThis thesis is the first book-length description of the Portuguese Creole spoken on the island of Fogo (Cape Verde, West-Africa), spoken by most of the 40,000 island’s inhabitants as well as by its diaspora. This work provides an insight on the linguistic structure of this variety, based on data collected during fieldwork occurred between 2016 and 2019. This study comprises with nine chapters, namely (1) introduction, (2) phonology, (3) syllabic structure, (4), stress, (5) nominal morphology, (6) verbal morphology, (7) syntax, (8) lexical peculiarities and (9) conclusion.This thesis brings new elements both to the synchronic and diachronic analysis of Cape Verdean Creole. At the same time, it contributes with comparative data for the reconstruction of the Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole (UGPC) language family. These data show in particular that Fogo Cape Verdean emerged quite early as a distinct variety among UGPCs and illustrate the main characteristics of this variety.This thesis also provides historical data on the discovery, settlement, trade connections, maritime interactions, social structure and sociolinguistics of the island of Fogo, and shows the role played by these elements in the development and shaping of Fogo’s unique linguistic makeup
Mbengue, Daouda. "Modernisation du wolof : traitement de l'information dans les domaines de la santé, pêche et décentralisation." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1545.
Full textDo, Bui Bien. "Grammaire de l’amuzgo de Xochistlahuaca, langue otomangue orientale. Documentation d’une variété amuzgoane de « langue en danger »." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL044.
Full textThis grammar of Amuzgo (ISO 639-3), endonymically n͂omndaa, literally ‘the word of water’) seeks to fill a lack in theoretical work on this Otomanguean language from the Eastern branch (shared with Mixtec). Rated as developing by the reference Ethnologue, this language is nevertheless in a constant position of socio-political vulnerability as an indigenous language of Mexico, spoken in the village of Xochistlahuaca (Guerrero State), also the 16th poorest municipality in the country. Using non-concatenative approaches in phonology and morphology such as autosegmental phonology, templatic morphology and non-lexical morphological formalisms such as Paradigm Function Morphology, this grammar seeks to model complex systems represented in this language. Non-linear approaches account for elaborate inventories of tone, and, in a gradient scale, non-modal phonation and autosegments like nasalization and ballisticity, a syllable level contrast of phonetic and articulatory saliency. These complex systems display gradient lexical-grammatical functions across structures in the grammar, from lexicality to internal phonology, to derivation and inflection
Rosés, Labrada Jorge Emilio. "The Mako language : vitality, Grammar and Classification." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20026.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the documentation and description of Mako, an indigenous language spoken in the Venezuelan Amazon by about 1000 people and for which the only available published material at the start of the project were 38 words. The main goals of the project were to create a collection of annotated ethnographic texts and a grammar that could serve as a starting point for both language maintenance in the community and for further linguistic research. Additionally, the project sought to assess the language’s vitality in the communities where it is spoken and to understand the relationship of Mako to the two other extant Sáliban languages, namely Piaroa and Sáliba.This research has thus led to an assessment of language vitality in the Mako communities of the Ventuari River, a comprehensive description of the Mako language—heretofore undescribed—, and an evaluation of the genetic relationship between the three Sáliban languages. The description of the language covers a wide range of topics in areas such as phonetics and phonology, nominal and verbal morphology, and syntax of both simple and complex sentences. Discourse-level morphology and discourse-organization strategies are also covered. Aside from facilitating the study of other members of the Sáliban family and reconstruction of the common ancestral language, the description of Mako also contributes to the typology of Amazonian languages and to our understanding of the pre-history of this area of the Orinoco basin. The products of this project also have the potential to be mobilized in language literacy efforts in the Mako communities
Gauthier, Elodie. "Collecter, Transcrire, Analyser : quand la machine assiste le linguiste dans son travail de terrain." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM011/document.
Full textIn the last few decades, many scientists were concerned with the fast extinction of languages. Faced with this alarming decline of the world's linguistic heritage, action is urgently needed to enable fieldwork linguists, at least, to document languages by providing them innovative collection tools and to enable them to describe these languages. Machine assistance might be interesting to help them in such a task.This is what we propose in this work, focusing on three pillars of the linguistic fieldwork: collection, transcription and analysis.Recordings are essential, since they are the source material, the starting point of the descriptive work. Speech recording is also a valuable object for the documentation of the language.The growing proliferation of smartphones and other interactive voice mobile devices offer new opportunities for fieldwork linguists and researchers in language documentation. Field recordings should also include ethnolinguistic material which is particularly valuable to document traditions and way of living. However, large data collections require well organized repositories to access the content, with efficient file naming and metadata conventions.Thus, we have developed LIG-AIKUMA, a free Android app running on various mobile phones and tablets. The app aims to record speech for language documentation, over an innovative way.It includes a smart generation and handling of speaker metadata as well as respeaking and parallel audio data mapping.LIG-AIKUMA proposes a range of different speech collection modes (recording, respeaking, translation and elicitation) and offers the possibility to share recordings between users. Through these modes, parallel corpora are built such as "under-resourced speech - well-resourced speech", "speech - image", "speech - video", which are also of a great interest for speech technologies, especially for unsupervised learning.After the data collection step, the fieldwork linguist transcribes these data. Nonetheless, it can not be done -currently- on the whole collection, since the task is tedious and time-consuming.We propose to use automatic techniques to help the fieldwork linguist to take advantage of all his speech collection. Along these lines, automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a way to produce transcripts of the recordings, with a decent quality.Once the transcripts are obtained (and corrected), the linguist can analyze his data. In order to analyze the whole collection collected, we consider the use of forced alignment methods. We demonstrate that such techniques can lead to fine evaluation of linguistic features. In return, we show that modeling specific features may lead to improvements of the ASR systems
Moneimne, Walid. "TAO vers l'arabe : spécification d'une génération standard de l'arabe ; réalisation d'un prototype anglais-arabe à partir d'un analyseur existant." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10061.
Full textCervantes-Villagomez, Ofélia. "Bases de données et d'objets complexes multimédia pour la recherche sur la parole." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0003.
Full textDivoux, Pascal. "Mimule : un système de reconnaissance de mots isolés multilocuteurs utilisant les techniques de classification." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10352.
Full textLopez, Cédric. "Titrage automatique de documents textuels." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20071/document.
Full textDuring the first millennium BC, the already existing libraries needed to organize texts preservation, and were thus immediately confronted with the difficulties of indexation. The use of a title occurred then as a first solution, enabling a quick indentification of every work, and in most of the cases, helping to discern works thematically close to a given one. While in Ancient Greece, titles have had a little informative function, although still performing an indentification function, the invention of the printing office with mobile characters (Gutenberg, XVth century AD) dramatically increased the number of documents, which are today spread on a large-scale. The title acquired little by little new functions, leaning very often to sociocultural or political influence (in particular in journalistic articles).Today, for both electronic and paper documents, the presence of one or several titles is very often noticed. It helps creating a first link between the reader and the subject of the document. But how some words can have a so big influence? What functions do the titles have to perform at this beginning of the XXIth century? How can one automatically generate titles respecting these functions? The automatic titling of textual documents is one of the key domains of Web pages accessibility (W3C standards) such as defined in a standard given by associations about the disabled. For a given reader, the goal is to increase the readability of pages obtained from a search, since usual searches are often disheartening readers who must supply big cognitive efforts. For a Website designer, the aim is to improve the indexation of pages for a more relevant search. Other interests motivate this study (titling of commercial Web pages, titling in order to automatically generate contents, titling to bring elements to enhance automatic summarization).In this study, we use NLP (Natural Language Processing) methods and systems. While numerous works were published about indexation and automatic summarization, automatic titling remained discreet and knew some difficulties as for its positioning in NLP. We support in this study that the automatic titling must be nevertheless considered as a full task.Having defined problems connected to automatic titling, and having positioned this task among the already existing tasks, we provide a series of methods enabling syntactically correct titles production, according to several objectives. In particular, we are interested in the generation of informative titles, and, for the first time in the history of automatic titling, we introduce the concept of catchiness.Our TIT' system consists of three methods (POSTIT, NOMIT, and CATIT), that enables to produce sets of informative titles in 81% of the cases and catchy titles in 78% of the cases
Holden, Joshua. "A lexical semantic study of Dene Suliné, an Athabaskan language." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4616.
Full textThis work constitutes a systematic lexical semantic study of Dene Sųłiné, an Athabaskan language from northwestern Canada. As such, it presents the lexicographic definitions, syntactic and lexical combinatorial patterns of over 200 lexical units (lexemes and idioms) representing part of the core Dene Sųłiné vocabulary for seven semantic fields: terms to describe emotions, human character, physical description, position of an object, atmospheric conditions and topographical features. The theoretical approach used is Meaning-Text Theory (MTT), a formal linguistic approach with a strong empirical focus on semantics and lexicography. This work finds significant differences between Dene Sųłiné and English at all levels: in the relationship between of (quasi-)extralinguistic concepts and linguistic meanings, in the lexicalization or conflation patterns one finds in meanings of lexical units, and finally in the syntactic and lexical combinatorial patterns, which also show interesting language-specific tendencies.