Academic literature on the topic 'Linhas temporais'

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Journal articles on the topic "Linhas temporais"

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Gonçalves, Rodrigo Mikosz, Leandro dos Santos Coelho, Claudia Pereira Krueger, and Bernhard Heck. "Modelagem preditiva de linha de costa utilizando redes neurais artificiais." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 16, no. 3 (September 2010): 420–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702010000300004.

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Estudar modelagens através de dados geodésicos temporais com a possibilidade de predizer a posição de linha de costa é uma tarefa importante e pode auxiliar significativamente na gestão costeira. A área de estudo neste trabalho se refere ao município de Matinhos no estado do Paraná, Brasil. As linhas de costa temporais utilizadas para testar a modelagem preditiva são provenientes respectivamente da fotogrametria analógica para anos 1954, 1963, 1980, 1991 e 1997 e de levantamentos geodésicos utilizando GPS (Global Position System) para 2001, 2002, 2005 e 2008 (como controle). Dois testes com as redes neurais artificiais foram organizados mudando alguns parâmetros como: arquitetura, número de neurônios nas camadas ocultas e algoritmos de treinamentos. Quando comparados o valor dos resíduos entre a predição e a linha de costa de controle, os melhores resultados estatísticos indicam que o MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) são 0,28% utilizando a rede neural parcialmente recorrente de Elman com o algoritmo de treinamento quase-Newton e 0,46% para o caso da rede neural perceptron multicamadas com o algoritmo de treinamento utilizando o método Bayesiano com regularização.
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Fernandes, Rogério Taygra de Vasconcelos, Marcos Douglas Lucas Cavalcante, Gabriela Nogueira Cunha, Aruza Rayana Morais Pinto, Carlos Jorge Bezerra França, Jessika Mayara Claudino Idalino da Silva, Louize Nascimento, Nildo Da Silva Dias, and Jônnata Fernandes de Oliveira. "GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO A ANÁLISE DE EROSÃO COSTEIRA NO DELTA DO PIRANHAS-AÇU, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE." Revista Gestão & Sustentabilidade Ambiental 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/rgsa.v9e32020460-479.

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Linhas de costa são áreas extremamente dinâmicas e sensíveis a intervenção humana e mudanças naturais. Na zona costeira do Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil), estudos sobre a erosão, deposição de sedimentos, recuperação são importantes e recentes, com o intuito de prevê esse comportamento e controlar futuras frustações socioeconômicas e sociais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a evolução da linha de costa dos municípios de Porto do Mangue e Macau, RN. Para alcançar esse objetivo foi realizado o processamento digital de imagens, confecção de mapas da variação da linha de costa e quantificação das áreas em retrogradação ou acreção. O método para obtenção de resultados foi baseado em uma análise de séries temporais de 30 anos (1985 a 2015) através de imagens LandSat para uma análise da variação da linha de costa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que há uma tendência generalizada no processo de erosão dos sedimentos pertencentes a linha da costa, indicando uma atualização cientifica sobre a área estudada.
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Bonetto, Pedro Xavier Russo, and Marcos Garcia Neira. "A escrita-currículo da perspectiva cultural da Educação Física: por que os professores fazem o que fazem?" Educação (UFSM) 44 (February 7, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644433532.

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Na esteira do exemplo de Deleuze-professor, o presente artigo problematiza os elementos a partir dos quais 10 docentes constroem o currículo cultural da Educação Física, ou seja, os aspectos didático-metodológicos que mobilizam e as forças que os atravessam quando pensam as atividades de ensino. Como forma de produção de dados, empregamos o Diário de Bordo Digital e o Grupo de Discussão. Nas análises realizadas mediante o confronto com o referencial deleuze-guattariano, observamos que a “escrita-currículo” é produzida no entrecruzar de infinitas linhas, algumas molares (as leis educacionais, as regras e normas do regimento escolar, o Projeto Político Pedagógico), outras moleculares (a cultura dos alunos, seus desejos, atitudes, falas, as disposições espaciais, temporais e os princípios pedagógicos) e, por fim, as linhas de fuga, que, sendo efêmeras, passam pela “escrita-currículo” como acontecimentos e agenciamentos inesperados, disruptivos e criadores. Atentos e desejando tais agenciamentos, os professores e professoras, sensíveis às linhas de força flexíveis, fazem da “escrita-currículo” um acontecimento sempre traduzido, singular, diferente, especial, raro e único.
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Wiedermann, Sebastian. "AZUL PROFUNDO: ESCULPINDO UM DIAMANTE CRISTALINO DO E NO PENSAMENTO." Linha Mestra, no. 41 (September 2, 2020): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34112/1980-9026a2020n41p316-320.

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Esta experimentação por meio do plano das textualidades se dispõe como um gesto de cuidado da vida e do cenário e fabulação especulativa que nas próprias linhas da escrita se desdobram. Um gesto de afirmação da potência do cinema como mineração às avessas, que nada extrai, mas que engravida a terra e a vida. Escrita como proposta de uma mina auto-produtiva de diamantes cinematográficos que mantem o cosmos aberto e onde os corpos reescrevem sua potência genética como trans-evolução, na qual acontecem como cristais temporais, como matéria geológica e embrionária.
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Anjos, Viviane Silveira, Edson Eyji Sano, Heleno da Silva Bezerra, and Roberto Rosa. "Caracterização espectro-temporal de pastagens do triângulo mineiro utilizando dados MODIS EVI2 (2000-2010)." Sociedade & Natureza 25, no. 1 (April 2013): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-45132013000100016.

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Pastagens cultivadas são as classes de cobertura de terras mais representativas de três municípios (Araguari, Uberaba e Uberlândia) que fazem parte da mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro no extremo oeste de Minas Gerais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi conduzir estudos de caracterização espectro-temporal das pastagens cultivadas dos três municípios acima referidos por meio de séries temporais do produto MODIS EVI2 (índice de vegetação realçado do sensor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrorradiometer do período 2000-2010). Para isso, foram selecionadas 25 áreas de pastagens cultivadas da espécie Brachiaria e mais três áreas ocupadas por cultura agrícola, floresta estacional e savana gramíneo-lenhosa. Séries temporais MODIS EVI2 foram obtidas através do portal do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) e analisadas por meio de gráfico de linhas, análise de agrupamento hierárquico e somatório dos índices de vegetação. Resultados indicaram que é possível discriminar pastagens cultivadas de outras classes de cobertura de terras da região e que a somatória de valores EVI2 de toda a série histórica pode aumentar consideravelmente essa capacidade de discriminação. A maioria das pastagens cultivadas apresentou assinaturas espectro-temporais distintas. A substituição da pastagem por outros tipos de cobertura de terras (por exemplo, cultura agrícola e vice-versa) é facilmente identificada na série temporal considerada.
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Kulesza, Wojciech Andrzej. "História da pedagogia no Brasil: a contribuição das pesquisas centradas em manuais de ensino." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos 95, no. 240 (August 2014): 328–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-66812014000200005.

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Analisa três linhas de pesquisa, desenvolvidas neste século, focadas em manuais de pedagogia em circulação no Brasil. Após descrever seus instrumentos de pesquisa, é discutida a consistência de seus resultados, particularmente no que se refere às classificações dos manuais elaboradas pelas pesquisas. A partir dos tipos de manuais definidos por essas pesquisas, procura-se avaliar as possibilidades futuras desses programas de pesquisa, especialmente no que tange à ampliação de seus recortes temporais e espaciais. Do ponto de vista da história da pedagogia, argumenta-se sobre a maior potencialidade das pesquisas nessa área cuja categorização dos manuais contemple os modelos escolares historicamente adotados pela escola brasileira.
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Maués, Josenilda. "Currículos de formação docente do PARFOR/ UFPA: atualizações e virtualidades." Revista @mbienteeducação 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/ae19828632v10n12017p36a47.

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Este escrito assume o raciocínio de que o encontro entre a Universidade Federal do Pará, os currículos das licenciaturas e os docentes em exercício na educação básica do Estado do Pará quando da oferta de 21 licenciaturas por meio do Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica – PARFOR, força-nos a transitar por movimentos contíguos de desterritorialização das imagens curriculares espaço-temporais já delineadas e de encontro com linhas de variação e indagações em horizonte virtual absoluto sobre quais outros regimes espaço-temporais possamos pensar currículos de formação docente. É possível, portanto, que estejamos experimentando do ponto de vista curricular, por meio do PARRFOR-UFPA, um tipo de prática que se afasta, em termos temporais, de sequencialidades lineares na tríade presente/passado/futuro, passando a lidar com a acepção de um tempo múltiplo que assume a coexistência de diferentes planos desordenados que se desdobram em atualidades e virtualidades. Em termos espaciais possibilita, também, o encontro com imagens de pensamento que extrapolam a ideia de um plano interno ou externo à experiência curricular, para além do que se denomina intra ou extracurricular. Considerando as reordenações em termos de projeto pedagógico, espaço e tempo de formação experimentadas pelo PARFOR/UFPA acionamos o par atual-virtual, em seu cariz deleuziano, para buscar os contornos e virtualidades dessa experiência. As conclusões apontam para o fato de que a execução desses projetos atrita centralmente coordenadas centrais na definição curricular, aquelas de ordem espaço-temporal procedendo a um movimento de desterritorialização e produção de territórios outros, participando da criação de uma espécie de entre-lugar que nos possibilita experimentar outras intensidades espaço-temporais para os currículos de formação docente em execução na UFPA.
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Pegoraro Junior, Paulo Roberto, and José Maria Tesheiner. "O Tempo do Processo e o Processo Eletrônico." Conpedi Law Review 1, no. 9 (June 6, 2016): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/2448-3931_conpedilawreview/2015.v1i9.3377.

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O papel cada vez mais destacado que assume o processo eletrônico como meio técnico de prestação jurisdicional deve ser compreendido a partir da dimensão relacionada ao tempo do processo e das suas formas de atuação. A partir da análise das linhas temporais do processo, é possível entender o quanto os postulados da celeridade e da efetividade são ou não atingidos pela virtualização dos atos processuais, em especial levando-se em conta as inovações do projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil. A par disso, não se pode ignorar o viés econômico imposto pela compressão temporal e pelas exigências da instantaneidade da prestação jurisdicional, afetando de modo significativo o tempo qualitativo do processo.
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Rosa, Gessica Carneiro da, and Vilene Moehlecke. "Clínica, Música e Tempo: Agenciamentos Possíveis para uma Experiência Afetiva." Revista Polis e Psique 7, no. 3 (January 15, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2238-152x.76348.

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Esse artigo apresenta um fragmento teórico-conceitual do trabalho de conclusão de curso elaborado a partir de uma experiência de estágio profissional em Psicologia. A forte presença da arte em meio às práticas clínicas suscitou uma série de conexões, produzindo desterritorializações e problematizações de velhas dicotomias, indicando aspectos afetivos, dinâmicos, temporais, de intensidade, nem sempre passíveis de verbalização. Com as contribuições de autores como Regina Benevides, Daniel Stern, Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, as linhas que seguem cartografam os processos de produção subjetiva, evidenciando as ressonâncias entre clínica e música, o modo como a dimensão coletiva se manifesta nos atendimentos ditos individualizados e a possibilidade das experiências afetivas surgirem com a sintonia afetiva entre paciente e estagiária-terapeuta. Ao pesquisarmos com o método cartografia, assumimos a indissociabilidade do fazer e conhecer. Portanto, ainda que seja um recorte conceitual, serão destacadas as vicissitudes da prática do estágio.
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Filippo Gonzalez Neves dos Santos, Alejandra, Bruno De Carvalho Bonfim, and Ana Paula Di Beneditto. "A PESCA EXTRATIVA MARINHA NO PORTO DE ATAFONA, SÃO JOÃO DA BARRA - RJ: PASSADO E PRESENTE." Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/bjast.v21n1.10346.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar as informações atuais sobre a pesca extrativa marinha no porto de Atafona, município de São João da Barra, RJ com a pesca na região a 15 anos atrás. Atualmente, há 133 embarcações em operação distribuídas nas seguintes modalidades de pesca: a) divisão das redes - arrasto, cerco e emalhe; e b) divisão das linhas - de mão e espinhel. Segundo os pescadores, os principais fatores que afetam a condução da atividade na região são: aumento no esforço pesqueiro, redução do volume de pescado, alteração nos campos de pesca preferenciais, aumento nos custos da atividade e concorrência com embarcações de outros locais. As principais mudanças temporais identificadas no estudo são: incremento da tecnologia pesqueira e da capacidade de captura das embarcações, variações nas modalidades de pesca e alteração no tamanho da malha das redes de emalhe. Estudos e medidas de manejo pesqueiro devem ser realizados para garantir a manutenção dos estoques locais em níveis viáveis de exploração, minimizando os impactos da pesca e de outras atividades antrópicas.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Linhas temporais"

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Oliveira, Regis Levino de. "Modelo para geração de linhas temporais contextuais em investigações digitais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23433.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2016.
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Para a elucidação de casos em que o uso de equipamentos digitais está presente, os peritos necessitam realizar a reconstrução dos eventos ocorrida no tempo. Assim, o processo de análise de linhas temporais é uma técnica bastante empregada em exames periciais em ambientes computacionais. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos em linhas temporais concentra-se nos desafios da extração de registros temporais e na normalização desses dados, tratando dos problemas advindos da aquisição de diversas fontes, com menos ênfase em como visualizar e analisar um grande volume desses dados. Este trabalho propõe um modelo para gerar linhas temporais contextualizadas, onde cada rótulo temporal é associado a outras quatro dimensões: local, pessoa, assunto e evento. Um algoritmo de clusterização é então utilizado para gerar linhas temporais com dados similares, que são mais fáceis de visualizar e interpretar. Algoritmos de agrupamento facilitam o descobrimento de novos conhecimentos a partir dos dados analisados. Após obter as linhas temporais contextuais, o perito analisa os dados em conjunto com a linha temporal única, sem contextos, que contém todos os registros temporais extraídos das diversas fontes coletadas, observando os registros que, antes do processo de contextualização, eram mais difíceis de serem observados. Nos resultados obtidos, por meio do estudo de caso, foram obtidas linhas temporais cujos registros apresentam semelhança contextual entre si, reduzindo a interferência de outros registros não relacionados. No experimento proposto, pode-se identificar com mais facilidade os suspeitos com maior interação e os momentos de maior atividade relacionados às condutas investigadas.
For the elucidation of cases where the use of digital equipment is present, the experts need to perform the reconstruction of the events occurred in time. Thus, the process of analysis of timelines is a technique widely used in expert examinations in computational environments. However, most timeline studies focus on the challenges of extracting temporal records and normalizing these data, addressing the problems of acquiring multiple sources, with less emphasis on how to view and analyze a large volume of such data. This work proposes a model to generate contextualized time lines, where each time label is associated with four other dimensions: location, person, subject and event. A clustering algorithm is then used to generate timelines with similar data, which are easier to visualize and interpret. Grouping algorithms facilitate the discovery of new knowledge from the analyzed data. After obtaining the contextual timelines, the expert analyzes the data in conjunction with the single timeline, without contexts, which contains all the temporal records extracted from the various sources collected, observing the records that, prior to the contextualization process, were more difficult to be observed. In the obtained results, through the case study, temporal lines were obtained whose registers present contextual similarity among themselves, reducing the interference of other unrelated records. In the proposed experiment, it is possible to identify more easily the suspects with greater interaction and the moments of greater activity related to the conducts investigated.
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OLIVEIRA, Gabrielle Bezerra. "Análise de padrões temporais da dinâmica do vento associadas ao ambiente de formação das linhas de instabilidade amazônica." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1757.

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CNPq
O enfoque deste trabalho é contribuir para a compreensão dos mecanismos responsáveis pela formação das Linhas de Instabilidade Tropicais da Amazônia. Analisou-se 3 anos de dados de reanálises investigando as características dinâmicas dos perfis verticais do vento zonal e meridional a partir da média do período e das médias trimestrais dos dias com e sem a formação de LI. Mostrou-se que o JBN é uma característica intrínseca do ambiente amazônico, entretanto nos dias com a formação de LI esse jato é mais intenso e profundo. Os trimestres março-abril-maio e junho-julho-agosto não apresentam um JBN bem definido, principalmente em relação à sua profundidade. Destaca-se ainda que o cisalhamento vertical do vento é mais intenso nos dias com a formação de LI. Já o maior cisalhamento direcional da componente meridional do vento é visto nos perfis dos dias sem LI. Para auxiliar o entendimento da variabilidade temporal dos perfis verticais do vento foi aplicada a técnica de Análise Fatorial em Componentes Principais com o intuito de investigar a existência de padrões atmosféricos associados à ocorrência de LI. As três primeiras componentes principais da componente zonal do vento explicaram aproximadamente 89% da variância total dos dados, enquanto que os 93% da variância total da componente meridional foi explicado pelas cinco primeiras componentes principais. A análise dos padrões temporais associados a cada fator sugere que os trimestres DJF e SON são influenciados pela variação sazonal da ZCIT e os trimestres MAM e JJA pela ASAS e DOL.
The aim of this work is to contribute to the understanding the mechanisms responsible for the formation of Amazon Tropical Squall Lines (ASL). 3 years of reanalysis data were analyzed investigating the dynamic characteristics of vertical profiles of the zonal and meridional wind from the a average of period and quarterly of the days with and without the ASL formation. It has been shown that low level jet (LLJ) is an intrinsic characteristic of Amazonian environment, however in the days with the formation of SL this LLJ is more intense and deep. The quarters March-April-May and June-July-August do not present a well defined LLJ, mainly in relation their depth. It was also pointed out that vertical shear of wind is more intense on days with ASL formation. However, the greatest directional shear of meridional component wind is seen in the profiles of days without ASL. To aid the understanding of temporal variability of vertical profiles wind were applied the method Principal Components Fatorial Analysis in order to investigate the existence of atmospheric patterns associated with the occurrence of ASL. The first three Principal Components of the zonal wind component explained approximately 89% of the total variance of the data, while the 89% of the total variance of the meridional wind component were explained by the first five principal components. The analysis of the time patterns associated with each factor suggests that the DJF and SON quarters are influenced by the seasonal variation of the ITCZ and the quarters MAM and JJA by South Atlantic Subtropical High (SASH) and Easterly Wave Disturbances (EWD).
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Dájer, Maria Eugenia. "Padrões visuais de sinais de voz aravés de técnica de análise não linear." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-16052006-095323/.

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A voz tem sido objeto de estudos em diferentes áreas da ciência. Nas últimas duas décadas os pesquisadores demonstraram a presença do caos na produção de voz. O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer padrões visuais de sinais de voz humana através da técnica não linear de reconstrução de espaço de fase e associá-los com suas correspondentes análises auditivo perceptiva e acústica. Foram analisados sinais de voz humana de sujeitos de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 19 a 39 anos. Foram gravadas as vogais sustentadas /a/, /e/ e /i/ do português do Brasil, com uma taxa de amostragem de 22.050 Hz. Os sinais foram analisados a fim de obter medidas acústicas (Jitter, Shimmer e Coeficiente de Excesso). Foi utilizada a técnica de reconstrução de espaço de fase para descrever as características de dinâmica não linear dos sinais de voz, e para análise perceptivo auditiva foi utilizada a escala RASAT. Os resultados demonstram que métodos de dinâmica não linear como a reconstrução do espaço de fase, parece ser uma técnica apropriada para análise de sinais de voz, incorporando os componentes caótico e determinístico da voz humana. É sugerido que análise da dinâmica não linear não substitui as técnicas existentes, embora possa aperfeiçoar e complementar os métodos de análise disponíveis para os profissionais da saúde, como fonoaudiólogos e otorrinolaringólogos
Human voice has been the focus of study for different areas of science. Researches in the last two decades have demonstrated the existence of chaos in human voice production. The purpose of this work is to use nonlinear dynamics techniques in the analysis of normal voices from healthy subjects and correlate them to traditional acoustic parameters as well as perceptual analysis. Human voice signals from healthy subjects, both male and female, ranging in age from 19 to 39 years old were analyzed. Sustained vowel sounds /a/, /e/ and /i/, from brazilian Portuguese were recorded at a sampling rate of 22,050 Hz and analyzed in order to obtain acoustic measures (Jitter, Shimmer and coefficient of excess – EX). The phase space reconstruction technique was used to describe the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of voice signal samples. The results show, that non-linear dynamical method as phase space reconstruction seems to be a suitable technique for voice signals analysis, due to the chaotic component of the human voice. It is suggested, that non-linear dynamic analysis does not replace existing techniques instead, it may improve and complement the recent voice analysis methods available for health professionals, speech therapist and clinician
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Miranda, Carla da Fonseca. "Modelação linear de séries temporais na presença de outliers." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10001.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Estatística apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
Na análise de séries temporais, encontram-se frequentemente outliers e mudanças estruturais, que podem estar associadas a acontecimentos inesperados ou incontroláveis como por exemplo, greves, guerras, mudanças políticas, ou podem dever-se simplesmente a erros de medição ou de registo de observações.Estas observações podem comprometer os procedimentos usuais de modelação linear de uma série temporal, nomeadamente podem induzir a uma identificação incorrecta de um modelo ARIMA e a uma estimação enviezada dos parâmetros do modelo. O objectivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar alguns procedimentos de modelação linear de uma série temporal na presença de outliers e de mudanças estruturais. A abordagem usualmente adoptada neste tipo de procedimentos consiste na identificação da localização e dos tipos de outliers ou mudanças estruturais e na utilização de modelos de intervenção de Box e Tiao (1975) para acomodar os seus efeitos. Esta aproximação requere iterações entre etapas de detecção, utilizando estatísticas de razão de verosimilhanças para localizar e identificar os outliers e as mudanças estruturais de acordo com o seu tipo, e de estimação de um modelo gerador destas perturbações, para acomodar os seus efeitos. Os outliers usualmente considerados são os outliers do tipo aditivo (AO) e os outliers do tipo inovador (IO) e as mudanças estruturais são as alterações de nível permanentes e transitórias (LC) e (TC). Uma abordagem alternativa ao uso de estatísticas de razão de verosimilhanças paradetectar outliers e alterações de nível, consiste na utilização de estatísticas que se baseiam na exclusão de uma ou de um grupo de observações para medir as consequentes alterações nas estimativas dos parâmetros do modelo. Esta aproximação permite detectar observações influentes que podem ser outliers. Neste sentido, também serão apresentados neste trabalho diagnósticos indicadores de observações e de outliers influentes.
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Miranda, Carla da Fonseca. "Modelação linear de séries temporais na presença de outliers." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10001.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Estatística apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
Na análise de séries temporais, encontram-se frequentemente outliers e mudanças estruturais, que podem estar associadas a acontecimentos inesperados ou incontroláveis como por exemplo, greves, guerras, mudanças políticas, ou podem dever-se simplesmente a erros de medição ou de registo de observações.Estas observações podem comprometer os procedimentos usuais de modelação linear de uma série temporal, nomeadamente podem induzir a uma identificação incorrecta de um modelo ARIMA e a uma estimação enviezada dos parâmetros do modelo. O objectivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar alguns procedimentos de modelação linear de uma série temporal na presença de outliers e de mudanças estruturais. A abordagem usualmente adoptada neste tipo de procedimentos consiste na identificação da localização e dos tipos de outliers ou mudanças estruturais e na utilização de modelos de intervenção de Box e Tiao (1975) para acomodar os seus efeitos. Esta aproximação requere iterações entre etapas de detecção, utilizando estatísticas de razão de verosimilhanças para localizar e identificar os outliers e as mudanças estruturais de acordo com o seu tipo, e de estimação de um modelo gerador destas perturbações, para acomodar os seus efeitos. Os outliers usualmente considerados são os outliers do tipo aditivo (AO) e os outliers do tipo inovador (IO) e as mudanças estruturais são as alterações de nível permanentes e transitórias (LC) e (TC). Uma abordagem alternativa ao uso de estatísticas de razão de verosimilhanças paradetectar outliers e alterações de nível, consiste na utilização de estatísticas que se baseiam na exclusão de uma ou de um grupo de observações para medir as consequentes alterações nas estimativas dos parâmetros do modelo. Esta aproximação permite detectar observações influentes que podem ser outliers. Neste sentido, também serão apresentados neste trabalho diagnósticos indicadores de observações e de outliers influentes.
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6

Randell, David. "Bayes linear variance learning for mixed linear temporal models." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3646/.

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Modelling of complex corroding industrial systems is ritical to effective inspection and maintenance for ssurance of system integrity. Wall thickness and corrosion rate are modelled for multiple dependent corroding omponents, given observations of minimum wall thickness per component. At each inspection, partial observations of the system are considered. A Bayes Linear approach is adopted simplifying parameter estimation and avoiding often unrealistic distributional assumptions. Key system variances are modelled, making exchangeability assumptions to facilitate analysis for sparse inspection time-series. A utility based criterion is used to assess quality of inspection design and aid decision making. The model is applied to inspection data from pipework networks on a full-scale offshore platform.
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Lopes, Elsa Rosa Arantes. "Análise não linear de séries temporais e aplicações à Psicologia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20031.

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Nesta dissertação estudámos as séries temporais que representam a complexa dinâmica do comportamento. Demos especial atenção às técnicas de dinâmica não linear. As técnicas fornecem-nos uma quantidade de índices quantitativos que servem para descrever as propriedades dinâmicas do sistema. Estes índices têm sido intensivamente usados nos últimos anos em aplicações práticas em Psicologia. Estudámos alguns conceitos básicos de dinâmica não linear, as características dos sistemas caóticos e algumas grandezas que caracterizam os sistemas dinâmicos, que incluem a dimensão fractal, que indica a complexidade de informação contida na série temporal, os expoentes de Lyapunov, que indicam a taxa com que pontos arbitrariamente próximos no espaço de fases da representação do espaço dinâmico, divergem ao longo do tempo, ou a entropia aproximada, que mede o grau de imprevisibilidade de uma série temporal. Esta informação pode então ser usada para compreender, e possivelmente prever, o comportamento. ABSTRACT: ln this thesis we studied the time series that represent the complex dynamic behavior. We focused on techniques of nonlinear dynamics. The techniques provide us a number of quantitative indices used to describe the dynamic properties of the system. These indices have been extensively used in recent years in practical applications in psychology. We studied some basic concepts of nonlinear dynamics, the characteristics of chaotic systems and some quantities that characterize the dynamic systems, including fractal dimension, indicating the complexity of information in the series, the Lyapunov exponents, which indicate the rate at that arbitrarily dose points in phase space representation of a dynamic, vary over time, or the approximate entropy, which measures the degree of unpredictability of a series. This information can then be used to understand and possibly predict the behavior.
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Machado, Telmo Nuno. "Modelação de séries temporais – métodos lineares e não lineares." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e de Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/2102.

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O principal objectivo do presente trabalho assenta no estudo comparativo entre o modelo baseado na regressão linear e o modelo baseado na tecnologia de redes neuronais artificiais (RNA). A metodologia de regressão linear consiste na aplicação de um modelo univariado sobre a evolução de cada mês individualmente, ao longo do intervalo de tempo definido pela série estudada. Para o modelo de RNA foi estudada a inclusão de variáveis auxiliares. Neste trabalho foi ainda desenvolvido uma interface gráfica para utilização destes modelos de previsão para utilizadores não especialistas. A inclusão destas duas metodologias de natureza diferente, tem como finalidade, perceber a respectiva potencialidade aplicada às características peculiares que as séries de turismo evidenciam, tais como, a sazonalidade e a tendência. Recorreu-se para o efeito a séries mensais da procura turística: “Dormidas Mensais Registadas nos Estabelecimentos Hoteleiros - NDH” para Portugal, Região Norte e Região Centro, definidas no período compreendido entre Janeiro de 1990 e Dezembro de 2008. Foi também incluída neste estudo a série turística homóloga, referente ao Reino Unido. Esta série apresenta características ligeiramente diferentes das séries turísticas nacionais. Os modelos desenvolvidos apresentaram qualidades estatísticas e de ajustamento de precisão elevada, pelo que se procedeu à sua utilização para efeitos previsionais. Neste contexto, efectuou-se uma comparação dos resultados previstos com os reais, para os anos de 2007 e 2008, em relação à série NDH – Portugal, apresentando, para o período em análise, um Erro Percentual Absoluto Médio (EPAM) de 4,8% e 4,2%, respectivamente para o método de regressão linear (RL) e Redes Neuronais Artificiais. Em séries cujo comportamento se verificou mais irregular, como a NDH – Região Centro, as RNA superaram a regressão linear apresentando um EPAM de 8,2%, duas vezes inferior ao conseguido com os métodos lineares. A inclusão de variáveis auxiliares, nomeadamente indicadores macroeconómicos e do estado do tempo, à entrada da rede neuronal, também foi estudada, apresentando alguns resultados positivos. A título de exemplo, o Índice de Preços no Consumidor (IPC), reduziu o EPAM relativo à série, NDHP-RC, em cerca de 15%. The main purpose of this paper is the comparative study of the linear regression model to the neural network model. The linear regression method is the appliance of an univaried model on every month for the studied time-period. Using such different nature methodologies helps assessing each one's potential on the specificities of the tourism demand series, such as theirs seasonality and tendency. So, monthly data series for the tourism demand were used: “Monthly Guest Nights in the Hotels of Portugal (NDH) - North and Center Regions” for the time-period from January 1990 to December 2008 and also the United Kingdom data for the very same time-period. The latter presents a different pattern of data. Since the developed models presented high statistical accuracy and fitting capabilities they were used for forecasting. We compared forecasted NDH data to the real data for the years 2007 and 2008 so as to measure its prediction capability. The linear regression model got a Mean Absolute Percent Error of 4,8% and the neural network model got a Mean Absolute Percent Error of 4,2%. In series, such as that of the NDH- Center Region, in which data shows more variability, the neural network model scored a Mean Absolute Percent Error of 8,2%, outperforming the linear regression model by two. Extra auxiliary input variables to the neural network, such as macroeconomic and weather condition data were also used showing some good results. Just to give an example, using the NDH data series for the Center Region, the Consumer Price Index was able to reduce 15% the Mean Absolute Percent Error.
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Milhorança, Igor André. "Modelos paramétricos para séries temporais de contagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-07072014-195809/.

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Diversas situações práticas exigem a análise de series temporais de contagem, que podem apresentar tendência, sazonalidade e efeitos de variáveis explicativas. A motivação do nosso trabalho é a análise de internações diárias por doenças respiratórias para pessoas com mais que 65 anos residentes no município de São Paulo. O efeito de variáveis climáticas e concentrações de poluentes foram incluídos nos modelos e foram usadas as funções seno e cosseno com periodicidade de um ano para explicar o padrão sazonal e obter os efeitos das variáveis climáticas e poluentes controlando essa sazonalidade. Outro aspecto a ser considerado é a inclusão da população nas análises de modo que a interpretação dos efeitos seja para as taxas diárias de internações. Diferentes modelos paramétricos foram propostos para as internações. O mais simples é o modelo de regressão linear para o logaritmo das taxas. Foram ajustados os modelos lineares generalizados (MLG) para as internações com função de ligação logaritmo e com a população como offset, por este modelo permitir o uso das distribuições Poisson e Binomial Negativa, usadas para dados de contagem. Devido à heteroscedasticidade extra, foram propostos modelos GAMLSS incluindo variáveis para explicar o desvio padrão. Foram ajustados modelos ARMA e GARMA, por incluírem uma estrutura de correlação serial. O objetivo desse trabalho é comparar as estimativas, os erros padrões, a cobertura dos intervalos de confiança e o erro quadrático médio para o valor predito segundo os vários modelos e a escolha do modelo mais apropriado, que depende da completa análise de resíduos, geralmente omitida na literatura. O modelo GARMA com distribuição Binomial Negativa apresentou melhor ajuste, pois os erros parecem seguir a distribuição proposta e tem baixa autocorrelação, além de ter tido uma boa cobertura pelo intervalo de confiança e um baixo erro quadrático médio. Também foi analisado o efeito da autocorrelação dos dados nas estimativas nos vários modelos baseado em dados simulados.
Many practical situations require the analysis of time series of counts, which may present trend, seasonality and effects of covariates. The motivation of this work is the analysis of daily hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in people over 65 living in the city of São Paulo. The effect of climatic variables and concentrations of pollutants were included in the models and the sine and cosine functions with annual period were included to explain the seasonal pattern and obtain the effects of pollutants and climatic variables partially controlled by this seasonality. Another aspect to be considered is the inclusion of the population in the analys es in order to interpret the effects based on daily hospitalization rates . Different parametric models have been proposed for hospitalizations. The simplest is the linear regression model for the logarithm of the hospitalization rate. The generalized linear models (GLM) were adjusted for daily admissions with logarithmic link function and the population as offset to consider the Poisson and Negative Binomial distributions for counting data. Due to the extra heteroscedasticity, GAMLSS models were proposed including variables to explain the standard error. Moreover, the ARMA and GARMA models were fitted to include the serial correlation structure. The aim of this work is to compare estimates, standard errors, coverage of confidence intervals and mean squared error of predicted value for the various models and choose the most appropriate model, which depends on a complete analysis of residuals, usually omitted in the literature. The GARMA model with Negative Binomial distribution was the best fit since the errors seem to follow the proposed distribution and they have small values of autocorrelation. Besides, this model had low mean squared error and a good coverage of confidence interval. The effect of autocorrelation of data in the estimates was also analyzed in the setting of several models based on simulated data.
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Mazzarotto, Marco André. "Análise não-linear de séries temporais univariadas: modelagem, previsão e caos." Florianópolis, SC, 1996. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76946.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção
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Books on the topic "Linhas temporais"

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Padgett, Fred. Wood amongst the wires: The temporary solution. Livermore, CA: S. Padgett, 2000.

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Heath, Christopher, and Robert Houghton, eds. Conflict and Violence in Medieval Italy 568-1154. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462985179.

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This collection of essays from both established and emerging scholars analyses the dynamic connections between conflict and violence in medieval Italy. Together, the contributors present a new critique of power that sustained both kingship and locally based elite networks throughout the Italian peninsula. A broad temporal range, covering the sixth to the twelfth century, allows this book to cross a number of ‘traditional’ fault-lines in Italian historiography – 774, 888, 962 and 1025. The essays provide wide-ranging analysis of the role of conflict in the period, the operation of power and the development of communal consciousness and collective action by protagonists and groups. It is thus essential reading for scholars, students and general readers who wish to understand the situation on the ground in the medieval Italian environment.
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Germana, Michael. Ralph Ellison, Temporal Technologist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682088.001.0001.

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Ralph Ellison, Temporal Technologist examines Ralph Ellison’s body of work as an extended and ever-evolving expression of the author’s philosophy of temporality—a philosophy synthesized from the writings of Henri Bergson and Friedrich Nietzsche that anticipates the work of Gilles Deleuze. Taking the view that time is a multiplicity of dynamic processes, rather than a static container for the events of our lives, and an integral force of becoming, rather than a linear groove in which events take place, Ellison articulates a theory of temporality and social change throughout his corpus that flies in the face of all forms of linear causality and historical determinism. Integral to this theory is Ellison’s observation that the social, cultural, and legal processes constitutive of racial formation are embedded in static temporalities reiterated by historians and sociologists. In other words, Ellison’s critique of US racial history is, at bottom, a matter of time. This book reveals how, in his fiction, criticism, and photography, Ellison reclaims technologies through which static time and linear history are formalized in order to reveal intensities implicit in the present that, if actualized, could help us achieve Nietzsche’s goal of acting un-historically. The result is a wholesale reinterpretation of Ellison’s oeuvre, as well as an extension of Ellison’s ideas about the dynamism of becoming and the open-endedness of the future. It, like Ellison’s texts, affirms the chaos of possibility lurking beneath the patterns of living we mistake for enduring certainties.
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Hoerl, Christoph, and Teresa McCormack. Time in Cognitive Development. Edited by Craig Callender. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298204.003.0015.

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This chapter deals with the development of temporal understanding, and in particular the question of when children can be said to be able to grasp temporal concepts such as “before” and “after”. It looks at the idea that the development of temporal understanding, and the emergence of a grasp of temporal concepts, is closely linked to developments in children's understanding of causal relationships. The chapter pays particular attention to the acquisition of a concept of a linear time series and also defends the idea that children first conceive of events without genuinely employing tenses.
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Moulin, Bernard, Jianhong Wu, and Dongmei Chen. Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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Moulin, Bernard, Jianhong Wu, and Dongmei Chen. Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2015.

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Schmidt, Alexandra, Jennifer Hoeting, João Batista M. Pereira, and Pedro Paulo Vieira. Mapping malaria in the Amazon rain forest: A spatio-temporal mixture model. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.5.

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This article focuses on the use of a spatio-temporal mixture model for mapping malaria in the Amazon rain forest. The spatio-temporal model was developed to study malaria outbreaks over a four year period in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The goal is to predict malaria counts for unobserved municipalities and future time periods with the aid of a free-form spatial covariance structure and a methodology that allows temporal prediction and spatial interpolation for outbreaks of malaria over time. The proposed structure is unique in that it is not a distance- or neighbourhood-based covariance model. Instead, spatial correlation is allowed among all locations to be estimated freely. To model the temporal correlation between observations, a Bayesian dynamic linear model is incorporated into one level of the spatio-temporal mixture model. The model also provides sensible ways of malaria mapping for municipalities which were not observed.
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Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), and Gustavo Rohenkohl. Time for the Fourth Dimension in Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.036.

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This chapter takes attention into the fourth dimension by considering research that explores how predictive information in the temporal structure of events can contribute to optimizing perception. The authors review behavioural and neural findings from three lines of investigation in which the temporal regularity and predictability of events are manipulated through rhythms, hazard functions, and cues. The findings highlight the fundamental role temporal expectations play in shaping several aspects of performance, from early perceptual analysis to motor preparation. They also reveal modulation of neural activity by temporal expectations all across the brain. General principles of how temporal expectations are generated and bias information processing are still emerging. The picture so far suggests that there may be multiple sources of temporal expectation, which can bias multiple stages of stimulus analysis depending on the stages of information processing that are critical for task performance. Neural oscillations are likely to provide an important medium through which the anticipated timing of events can regulate neuronal excitability.
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Sizemore, Michelle. Future Passing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627539.003.0007.

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The conclusion proposes an alternative to historicism informed by the growing body of work in nineteenth-century American time studies. New approaches need to explore temporalities and temporal frameworks different from the standard linear chronology employed in historicist criticism. Drawing on Catharine Sedgwick’s The Linwoods, the conclusion advances one such temporal framework (future-passing) and a complementary mode of reading (anticipatory reading) as directions for historicist revisionism. Both future-passing and anticipatory reading emerge from the genre of historical romance, offering possibilities for genre study, and more ambitiously, for literary history.
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Book chapters on the topic "Linhas temporais"

1

Kerutt, R., K. Rinast, W. Martin, and K. Brinkmann. "Comparison of the Linear and Non-Linear Temperature Properties and Model Simulations of the In Vivo Glycolytic System." In Temporal Order, 201–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70332-4_28.

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Stirling, Colin. "Comparing linear and branching time temporal logics." In Temporal Logic in Specification, 1–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-51803-7_19.

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Bozzelli, Laura, and César Sánchez. "Visibly Linear Temporal Logic." In Automated Reasoning, 418–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08587-6_33.

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Leucker, Martin, and César Sánchez. "Regular Linear Temporal Logic." In Theoretical Aspects of Computing – ICTAC 2007, 291–305. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75292-9_20.

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Kuiper, Ruurd. "Enforcing nondeterminism via linear time temporal logic specifications using hiding." In Temporal Logic in Specification, 295–303. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-51803-7_31.

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Lindeberg, Tony. "Linear spatio-temporal scale-space." In Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision, 113–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63167-4_44.

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Wildi, Otto. "Linear trend in multi-species time series." In Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Vegetation Dynamics, 51–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2275-4_5.

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Serre, Olivier. "Vectorial Languages and Linear Temporal Logic." In Foundations of Information Technology in the Era of Network and Mobile Computing, 576–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35608-2_47.

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Navidpour, Sara, and Mohammad Izadi. "Linear Temporal Logic of Constraint Automata." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 972–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89985-3_146.

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Enciso, Manuel, Inma P. Guzmán, and Carlos Rossi. "Temporal reasoning over linear discrete time." In Logics in Artificial Intelligence, 303–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61630-6_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Linhas temporais"

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Emmett, J. "Temporary television outside broadcast links." In IEE Colloquium on Optical Free Space Communication Links. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960200.

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Chen, Zhaohua, Bill Jefferies, Paul Adlakha, Bahram Salehi, and Des Power. "Automatic Linear Disturbance Footprint Extraction Based on Dense Time-Series Landsat Imagery." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33172.

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Linear disturbances from the construction of pipelines, roads and seismic lines for oil and gas extraction and mining have caused landscape changes in Western Canada; however these linear features are not well recorded. Inventory maps of pipelines, seismic lines and temporary access routes created by resource exploration are essential to understanding the processes causing ecological changes in order to coordinate resource development, emergency response and wildlife management. Mapping these linear disturbances traditionally relies on manual digitizing from very high resolution remote sensing data, which usually limits results to small operational area. Extending mapping to large areas is challenging due to complexity of image processing and high logistical costs. With increased availability of low cost satellite data, more frequent and regular observations are available and offer potential solutions for extracting information on linear disturbances. This paper proposes a novel approach to incorporate spectral, geometric and temporal information for detecting linear features based on time series data analysis of regularly acquired, and low cost satellite data. This approach involves two steps: multi-scale directional line detection and line updating based on time series analysis. This automatic method can effectively extract very narrow linear features, including seismic lines, roads and pipelines. The proposed method has been tested over three sites in Alberta, Canada by detecting linear disturbances occurring over the period of 1984–2013 using Landsat imagery. It is expected that extracted linear features would be used to facilitate preparation of baseline maps and up-to-date information needed for environmental assessment, especially in extended remote areas.
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Leucker, Martin, and Cesar Sanchez. "Regular Linear-Time Temporal Logic." In 2010 17th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/time.2010.29.

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Neider, Daniel, and Ivan Gavran. "Learning Linear Temporal Properties." In 2018 Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design (FMCAD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fmcad.2018.8603016.

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McCabe-Dansted, John, Mark Reynolds, and Tim French. "Modelling Systems over General Linear Time." In 2016 23rd International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/time.2016.21.

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Mousa, Mahmoud A. A., Sven Schewe, and Dominik Wojtczak. "Optimal Control for Simple Linear Hybrid Systems." In 2016 23rd International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/time.2016.9.

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Furia, Carlo A., and Paola Spoletini. "On Relaxing Metric Information in Linear Temporal Logic." In 2011 Eighteenth International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/time.2011.9.

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French, Tim, John McCabe-Dansted, and Mark Reynolds. "Complexity of Model Checking over General Linear Time." In 2013 20th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/time.2013.21.

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Diba, Ali, Vivek Sharma, and Luc Van Gool. "Deep Temporal Linear Encoding Networks." In 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2017.168.

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Bollig, Benedikt, Normann Decker, and Martin Leucker. "Frequency Linear-time Temporal Logic." In 2012 Sixth International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2012.43.

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Reports on the topic "Linhas temporais"

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Sherman, Rivi, and Amir Pnueli. Model Checking for Linear Temporal Logic: An Efficient Implementation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225189.

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Schanze, Kirk S. Chromophores and Materials for Temporal and Frequency Agile Non-Linear Absorption. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603136.

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Basu, Saikat, Malcolm Stagg, Robert DiBiano, Manohar Karki, and Supratik Mukhopadhyay. Human Action Recognition in Surveillance Videos using Abductive Reasoning on Linear Temporal Logic. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada586486.

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Sadigh, Dorsa, Eric Kim, Samuel Coogan, S. S. Sastry, and Sanjt A. Seshia. A Learning Based Approach to Control Synthesis of Markov Decision Processes for Linear Temporal Logic Specifications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada623517.

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Diprose, Rachael, Amalinda Savirani, Annisa Sabrina Hartoto, and Ken M. P. Setiawan. Jalan Perubahan melalui Aksi Kolektif Perempuan Perdesaan: Upaya Perempuan dalam Menantang Arus untuk Memengaruhi Pembangunan Perdesaan di Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124330.

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Ikhtisar dari volume ini disusun untuk mengeksplorasi secara ringkas poin-poin utama yang dipaparkan di dalam studi kasus yakni bagaimana aksi kolektif perempuan telah membawa perubahan baik bagi kesejahteraan diri perempuan, maupun dampaknya bagi pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Desa di Indonesia, serta bagaimana perubahan-perubahan tersebut terwujud dengan dukungan berbagai organisasi masyarakat sipil dalam lintas konteks dan sektor. Pertama, kami mengidentifikasi perbedaan dan keberagaman prioritas dan inisiatif pembangunan desa sebagai hasil pengaruh keterlibatan perempuan dalam pelaksanaan UndangUndang Desa. Inisiatif pembangunan tersebut tidak hanya terkait isu infrastruktur dan ekonomi (walaupun perempuan juga telah mengupayakan beberapa inisiatif di isu ini), namun juga meliputi berbagai permasalahan pembangunan desa dan tantangan sektoral lain yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat desa, khususnya perempuan. Kedua, kami menjabarkan berbagai bentuk perubahan yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan sehari-hari perempuan, dan juga pengaruhnya pada struktur kuasa, pembuatan keputusan dan prioritas pembangunan, baik di tingkat desa, masyarakat, institusi, maupun konteks yang lebih luas. Ketiga, kami membahas proses yang mendasari perubahan, dan faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadapnya, sebagaimana yang digambarkan melalui studi kasus yang ada. Ini termasuk pembahasan bagaimana dinamika konteks menghambat atau mendorong pengaruh perempuan, perbedaan dari isu dan tantangan sektoral yang dihadapi oleh perempuan, dan bagaimana aksi kolektif perempuan berkontribusi terhadap perubahan yang ada. Keempat, kami mengeksplorasi dimensi temporal dari perubahan tersebut. Terakhir, kami mengeksplorasi beberapa jalur atau jalan perubahan yang terjadi di lokasi penelitian, yang bervariasi sesuai dengan konteks lokal.
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Diprose, Rachael, Amalinda Savirani, Annisa Sabrina Hartoto, and Ken M. P. Setiawan. Jalan Perubahan melalui Aksi Kolektif Perempuan Perdesaan: Upaya Perempuan dalam Menantang Arus untuk Memengaruhi Pembangunan Perdesaan di Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124330.

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Ikhtisar dari volume ini disusun untuk mengeksplorasi secara ringkas poin-poin utama yang dipaparkan di dalam studi kasus yakni bagaimana aksi kolektif perempuan telah membawa perubahan baik bagi kesejahteraan diri perempuan, maupun dampaknya bagi pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Desa di Indonesia, serta bagaimana perubahan-perubahan tersebut terwujud dengan dukungan berbagai organisasi masyarakat sipil dalam lintas konteks dan sektor. Pertama, kami mengidentifikasi perbedaan dan keberagaman prioritas dan inisiatif pembangunan desa sebagai hasil pengaruh keterlibatan perempuan dalam pelaksanaan UndangUndang Desa. Inisiatif pembangunan tersebut tidak hanya terkait isu infrastruktur dan ekonomi (walaupun perempuan juga telah mengupayakan beberapa inisiatif di isu ini), namun juga meliputi berbagai permasalahan pembangunan desa dan tantangan sektoral lain yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat desa, khususnya perempuan. Kedua, kami menjabarkan berbagai bentuk perubahan yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan sehari-hari perempuan, dan juga pengaruhnya pada struktur kuasa, pembuatan keputusan dan prioritas pembangunan, baik di tingkat desa, masyarakat, institusi, maupun konteks yang lebih luas. Ketiga, kami membahas proses yang mendasari perubahan, dan faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadapnya, sebagaimana yang digambarkan melalui studi kasus yang ada. Ini termasuk pembahasan bagaimana dinamika konteks menghambat atau mendorong pengaruh perempuan, perbedaan dari isu dan tantangan sektoral yang dihadapi oleh perempuan, dan bagaimana aksi kolektif perempuan berkontribusi terhadap perubahan yang ada. Keempat, kami mengeksplorasi dimensi temporal dari perubahan tersebut. Terakhir, kami mengeksplorasi beberapa jalur atau jalan perubahan yang terjadi di lokasi penelitian, yang bervariasi sesuai dengan konteks lokal.
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Ukkusuri, Satish, Lu Ling, Tho V. Le, and Wenbo Zhang. Performance of Right-Turn Lane Designs at Intersections. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317277.

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Right-turn lane (RTL) crashes are among the most key contributors to intersection crashes in the US. Different right turn lanes based on their design, traffic volume, and location have varying levels of crash risk. Therefore, engineers and researchers have been looking for alternative ways to improve the safety and operations for right-turn traffic. This study investigates the traffic safety performance of the RTL in Indiana state based on multi-sources, including official crash reports, official database, and field study. To understand the RTL crashes' influencing factors, we introduce a random effect negative binomial model and log-linear model to estimate the impact of influencing factors on the crash frequency and severity and adopt the robustness test to verify the reliability of estimations. In addition to the environmental factors, spatial and temporal factors, intersection, and RTL geometric factors, we propose build environment factors such as the RTL geometrics and intersection characteristics to address the endogeneity issues, which is rarely addressed in the accident-related research literature. Last, we develop a case study with the help of the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). The empirical analyses indicate that RTL crash frequency and severity is mainly influenced by turn radius, traffic control, and other intersection related factors such as right-turn type and speed limit, channelized type, and AADT, acceleration lane and AADT. In particular, the effects of these factors are different among counties and right turn lane roadway types.
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Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Juan Jose Ospina-Tejeiro, Carlos Alfonso Huertas-Campos, Adolfo León Cobo-Serna, Edgar Caicedo-García, Juan Pablo Cote-Barón, Nicolás Martínez-Cortés, et al. Monetary Policy Report - April de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2021.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary Economic recovery has consistently outperformed the technical staff’s expectations following a steep decline in activity in the second quarter of 2020. At the same time, total and core inflation rates have fallen and remain at low levels, suggesting that a significant element of the reactivation of Colombia’s economy has been related to recovery in potential GDP. This would support the technical staff’s diagnosis of weak aggregate demand and ample excess capacity. The most recently available data on 2020 growth suggests a contraction in economic activity of 6.8%, lower than estimates from January’s Monetary Policy Report (-7.2%). High-frequency indicators suggest that economic performance was significantly more dynamic than expected in January, despite mobility restrictions and quarantine measures. This has also come amid declines in total and core inflation, the latter of which was below January projections if controlling for certain relative price changes. This suggests that the unexpected strength of recent growth contains elements of demand, and that excess capacity, while significant, could be lower than previously estimated. Nevertheless, uncertainty over the measurement of excess capacity continues to be unusually high and marked both by variations in the way different economic sectors and spending components have been affected by the pandemic, and by uneven price behavior. The size of excess capacity, and in particular the evolution of the pandemic in forthcoming quarters, constitute substantial risks to the macroeconomic forecast presented in this report. Despite the unexpected strength of the recovery, the technical staff continues to project ample excess capacity that is expected to remain on the forecast horizon, alongside core inflation that will likely remain below the target. Domestic demand remains below 2019 levels amid unusually significant uncertainty over the size of excess capacity in the economy. High national unemployment (14.6% for February 2021) reflects a loose labor market, while observed total and core inflation continue to be below 2%. Inflationary pressures from the exchange rate are expected to continue to be low, with relatively little pass-through on inflation. This would be compatible with a negative output gap. Excess productive capacity and the expectation of core inflation below the 3% target on the forecast horizon provide a basis for an expansive monetary policy posture. The technical staff’s assessment of certain shocks and their expected effects on the economy, as well as the presence of several sources of uncertainty and related assumptions about their potential macroeconomic impacts, remain a feature of this report. The coronavirus pandemic, in particular, continues to affect the public health environment, and the reopening of Colombia’s economy remains incomplete. The technical staff’s assessment is that the COVID-19 shock has affected both aggregate demand and supply, but that the impact on demand has been deeper and more persistent. Given this persistence, the central forecast accounts for a gradual tightening of the output gap in the absence of new waves of contagion, and as vaccination campaigns progress. The central forecast continues to include an expected increase of total and core inflation rates in the second quarter of 2021, alongside the lapse of the temporary price relief measures put in place in 2020. Additional COVID-19 outbreaks (of uncertain duration and intensity) represent a significant risk factor that could affect these projections. Additionally, the forecast continues to include an upward trend in sovereign risk premiums, reflected by higher levels of public debt that in the wake of the pandemic are likely to persist on the forecast horizon, even in the context of a fiscal adjustment. At the same time, the projection accounts for the shortterm effects on private domestic demand from a fiscal adjustment along the lines of the one currently being proposed by the national government. This would be compatible with a gradual recovery of private domestic demand in 2022. The size and characteristics of the fiscal adjustment that is ultimately implemented, as well as the corresponding market response, represent another source of forecast uncertainty. Newly available information offers evidence of the potential for significant changes to the macroeconomic scenario, though without altering the general diagnosis described above. The most recent data on inflation, growth, fiscal policy, and international financial conditions suggests a more dynamic economy than previously expected. However, a third wave of the pandemic has delayed the re-opening of Colombia’s economy and brought with it a deceleration in economic activity. Detailed descriptions of these considerations and subsequent changes to the macroeconomic forecast are presented below. The expected annual decline in GDP (-0.3%) in the first quarter of 2021 appears to have been less pronounced than projected in January (-4.8%). Partial closures in January to address a second wave of COVID-19 appear to have had a less significant negative impact on the economy than previously estimated. This is reflected in figures related to mobility, energy demand, industry and retail sales, foreign trade, commercial transactions from selected banks, and the national statistics agency’s (DANE) economic tracking indicator (ISE). Output is now expected to have declined annually in the first quarter by 0.3%. Private consumption likely continued to recover, registering levels somewhat above those from the previous year, while public consumption likely increased significantly. While a recovery in investment in both housing and in other buildings and structures is expected, overall investment levels in this case likely continued to be low, and gross fixed capital formation is expected to continue to show significant annual declines. Imports likely recovered to again outpace exports, though both are expected to register significant annual declines. Economic activity that outpaced projections, an increase in oil prices and other export products, and an expected increase in public spending this year account for the upward revision to the 2021 growth forecast (from 4.6% with a range between 2% and 6% in January, to 6.0% with a range between 3% and 7% in April). As a result, the output gap is expected to be smaller and to tighten more rapidly than projected in the previous report, though it is still expected to remain in negative territory on the forecast horizon. Wide forecast intervals reflect the fact that the future evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant source of uncertainty on these projections. The delay in the recovery of economic activity as a result of the resurgence of COVID-19 in the first quarter appears to have been less significant than projected in the January report. The central forecast scenario expects this improved performance to continue in 2021 alongside increased consumer and business confidence. Low real interest rates and an active credit supply would also support this dynamic, and the overall conditions would be expected to spur a recovery in consumption and investment. Increased growth in public spending and public works based on the national government’s spending plan (Plan Financiero del Gobierno) are other factors to consider. Additionally, an expected recovery in global demand and higher projected prices for oil and coffee would further contribute to improved external revenues and would favor investment, in particular in the oil sector. Given the above, the technical staff’s 2021 growth forecast has been revised upward from 4.6% in January (range from 2% to 6%) to 6.0% in April (range from 3% to 7%). These projections account for the potential for the third wave of COVID-19 to have a larger and more persistent effect on the economy than the previous wave, while also supposing that there will not be any additional significant waves of the pandemic and that mobility restrictions will be relaxed as a result. Economic growth in 2022 is expected to be 3%, with a range between 1% and 5%. This figure would be lower than projected in the January report (3.6% with a range between 2% and 6%), due to a higher base of comparison given the upward revision to expected GDP in 2021. This forecast also takes into account the likely effects on private demand of a fiscal adjustment of the size currently being proposed by the national government, and which would come into effect in 2022. Excess in productive capacity is now expected to be lower than estimated in January but continues to be significant and affected by high levels of uncertainty, as reflected in the wide forecast intervals. The possibility of new waves of the virus (of uncertain intensity and duration) represents a significant downward risk to projected GDP growth, and is signaled by the lower limits of the ranges provided in this report. Inflation (1.51%) and inflation excluding food and regulated items (0.94%) declined in March compared to December, continuing below the 3% target. The decline in inflation in this period was below projections, explained in large part by unanticipated increases in the costs of certain foods (3.92%) and regulated items (1.52%). An increase in international food and shipping prices, increased foreign demand for beef, and specific upward pressures on perishable food supplies appear to explain a lower-than-expected deceleration in the consumer price index (CPI) for foods. An unexpected increase in regulated items prices came amid unanticipated increases in international fuel prices, on some utilities rates, and for regulated education prices. The decline in annual inflation excluding food and regulated items between December and March was in line with projections from January, though this included downward pressure from a significant reduction in telecommunications rates due to the imminent entry of a new operator. When controlling for the effects of this relative price change, inflation excluding food and regulated items exceeds levels forecast in the previous report. Within this indicator of core inflation, the CPI for goods (1.05%) accelerated due to a reversion of the effects of the VAT-free day in November, which was largely accounted for in February, and possibly by the transmission of a recent depreciation of the peso on domestic prices for certain items (electric and household appliances). For their part, services prices decelerated and showed the lowest rate of annual growth (0.89%) among the large consumer baskets in the CPI. Within the services basket, the annual change in rental prices continued to decline, while those services that continue to experience the most significant restrictions on returning to normal operations (tourism, cinemas, nightlife, etc.) continued to register significant price declines. As previously mentioned, telephone rates also fell significantly due to increased competition in the market. Total inflation is expected to continue to be affected by ample excesses in productive capacity for the remainder of 2021 and 2022, though less so than projected in January. As a result, convergence to the inflation target is now expected to be somewhat faster than estimated in the previous report, assuming the absence of significant additional outbreaks of COVID-19. The technical staff’s year-end inflation projections for 2021 and 2022 have increased, suggesting figures around 3% due largely to variation in food and regulated items prices. The projection for inflation excluding food and regulated items also increased, but remains below 3%. Price relief measures on indirect taxes implemented in 2020 are expected to lapse in the second quarter of 2021, generating a one-off effect on prices and temporarily affecting inflation excluding food and regulated items. However, indexation to low levels of past inflation, weak demand, and ample excess productive capacity are expected to keep core inflation below the target, near 2.3% at the end of 2021 (previously 2.1%). The reversion in 2021 of the effects of some price relief measures on utility rates from 2020 should lead to an increase in the CPI for regulated items in the second half of this year. Annual price changes are now expected to be higher than estimated in the January report due to an increased expected path for fuel prices and unanticipated increases in regulated education prices. The projection for the CPI for foods has increased compared to the previous report, taking into account certain factors that were not anticipated in January (a less favorable agricultural cycle, increased pressure from international prices, and transport costs). Given the above, year-end annual inflation for 2021 and 2022 is now expected to be 3% and 2.8%, respectively, which would be above projections from January (2.3% and 2,7%). For its part, expected inflation based on analyst surveys suggests year-end inflation in 2021 and 2022 of 2.8% and 3.1%, respectively. There remains significant uncertainty surrounding the inflation forecasts included in this report due to several factors: 1) the evolution of the pandemic; 2) the difficulty in evaluating the size and persistence of excess productive capacity; 3) the timing and manner in which price relief measures will lapse; and 4) the future behavior of food prices. Projected 2021 growth in foreign demand (4.4% to 5.2%) and the supposed average oil price (USD 53 to USD 61 per Brent benchmark barrel) were both revised upward. An increase in long-term international interest rates has been reflected in a depreciation of the peso and could result in relatively tighter external financial conditions for emerging market economies, including Colombia. Average growth among Colombia’s trade partners was greater than expected in the fourth quarter of 2020. This, together with a sizable fiscal stimulus approved in the United States and the onset of a massive global vaccination campaign, largely explains the projected increase in foreign demand growth in 2021. The resilience of the goods market in the face of global crisis and an expected normalization in international trade are additional factors. These considerations and the expected continuation of a gradual reduction of mobility restrictions abroad suggest that Colombia’s trade partners could grow on average by 5.2% in 2021 and around 3.4% in 2022. The improved prospects for global economic growth have led to an increase in current and expected oil prices. Production interruptions due to a heavy winter, reduced inventories, and increased supply restrictions instituted by producing countries have also contributed to the increase. Meanwhile, market forecasts and recent Federal Reserve pronouncements suggest that the benchmark interest rate in the U.S. will remain stable for the next two years. Nevertheless, a significant increase in public spending in the country has fostered expectations for greater growth and inflation, as well as increased uncertainty over the moment in which a normalization of monetary policy might begin. This has been reflected in an increase in long-term interest rates. In this context, emerging market economies in the region, including Colombia, have registered increases in sovereign risk premiums and long-term domestic interest rates, and a depreciation of local currencies against the dollar. Recent outbreaks of COVID-19 in several of these economies; limits on vaccine supply and the slow pace of immunization campaigns in some countries; a significant increase in public debt; and tensions between the United States and China, among other factors, all add to a high level of uncertainty surrounding interest rate spreads, external financing conditions, and the future performance of risk premiums. The impact that this environment could have on the exchange rate and on domestic financing conditions represent risks to the macroeconomic and monetary policy forecasts. Domestic financial conditions continue to favor recovery in economic activity. The transmission of reductions to the policy interest rate on credit rates has been significant. The banking portfolio continues to recover amid circumstances that have affected both the supply and demand for loans, and in which some credit risks have materialized. Preferential and ordinary commercial interest rates have fallen to a similar degree as the benchmark interest rate. As is generally the case, this transmission has come at a slower pace for consumer credit rates, and has been further delayed in the case of mortgage rates. Commercial credit levels stabilized above pre-pandemic levels in March, following an increase resulting from significant liquidity requirements for businesses in the second quarter of 2020. The consumer credit portfolio continued to recover and has now surpassed February 2020 levels, though overall growth in the portfolio remains low. At the same time, portfolio projections and default indicators have increased, and credit establishment earnings have come down. Despite this, credit disbursements continue to recover and solvency indicators remain well above regulatory minimums. 1.2 Monetary policy decision In its meetings in March and April the BDBR left the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 1.75%.
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Capturing the Digital Economy—A Proposed Measurement Framework and Its Applications: A Special Supplement to Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2021. Asian Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/fls210307-3.

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This publication sets out a framework for measuring the importance of the digital economy in national and global production processes. Amid the growing interest in the digitalization of socioeconomic activities, there is a lack of consensus on an established framework to estimate the digital economy. This report proposes a definition of the core digital economy and an input-output analytical framework to measure it. Applying this framework to selected economies and years, it finds that the digital economy and digitally dependent industries contribute a significant portion of gross domestic product. It examines key digital economy phenomena and trends in relation to sectoral links, temporal price changes, jobs, global value chains, the COVID-19 pandemic, and Industry 4.0.
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