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1
Padgett, Fred. Wood amongst the wires: The temporary solution. Livermore, CA: S. Padgett, 2000.
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2
Heath, Christopher, and Robert Houghton, eds. Conflict and Violence in Medieval Italy 568-1154. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462985179.
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This collection of essays from both established and emerging scholars analyses the dynamic connections between conflict and violence in medieval Italy. Together, the contributors present a new critique of power that sustained both kingship and locally based elite networks throughout the Italian peninsula. A broad temporal range, covering the sixth to the twelfth century, allows this book to cross a number of ‘traditional’ fault-lines in Italian historiography – 774, 888, 962 and 1025. The essays provide wide-ranging analysis of the role of conflict in the period, the operation of power and the development of communal consciousness and collective action by protagonists and groups. It is thus essential reading for scholars, students and general readers who wish to understand the situation on the ground in the medieval Italian environment.
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Germana, Michael. Ralph Ellison, Temporal Technologist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682088.001.0001.
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Ralph Ellison, Temporal Technologist examines Ralph Ellison’s body of work as an extended and ever-evolving expression of the author’s philosophy of temporality—a philosophy synthesized from the writings of Henri Bergson and Friedrich Nietzsche that anticipates the work of Gilles Deleuze. Taking the view that time is a multiplicity of dynamic processes, rather than a static container for the events of our lives, and an integral force of becoming, rather than a linear groove in which events take place, Ellison articulates a theory of temporality and social change throughout his corpus that flies in the face of all forms of linear causality and historical determinism. Integral to this theory is Ellison’s observation that the social, cultural, and legal processes constitutive of racial formation are embedded in static temporalities reiterated by historians and sociologists. In other words, Ellison’s critique of US racial history is, at bottom, a matter of time. This book reveals how, in his fiction, criticism, and photography, Ellison reclaims technologies through which static time and linear history are formalized in order to reveal intensities implicit in the present that, if actualized, could help us achieve Nietzsche’s goal of acting un-historically. The result is a wholesale reinterpretation of Ellison’s oeuvre, as well as an extension of Ellison’s ideas about the dynamism of becoming and the open-endedness of the future. It, like Ellison’s texts, affirms the chaos of possibility lurking beneath the patterns of living we mistake for enduring certainties.
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Hoerl, Christoph, and Teresa McCormack. Time in Cognitive Development. Edited by Craig Callender. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298204.003.0015.
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This chapter deals with the development of temporal understanding, and in particular the question of when children can be said to be able to grasp temporal concepts such as “before” and “after”. It looks at the idea that the development of temporal understanding, and the emergence of a grasp of temporal concepts, is closely linked to developments in children's understanding of causal relationships. The chapter pays particular attention to the acquisition of a concept of a linear time series and also defends the idea that children first conceive of events without genuinely employing tenses.
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Moulin, Bernard, Jianhong Wu, and Dongmei Chen. Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Moulin, Bernard, Jianhong Wu, and Dongmei Chen. Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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7
Analyzing and Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2015.
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8
Schmidt, Alexandra, Jennifer Hoeting, João Batista M. Pereira, and Pedro Paulo Vieira. Mapping malaria in the Amazon rain forest: A spatio-temporal mixture model. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.5.
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This article focuses on the use of a spatio-temporal mixture model for mapping malaria in the Amazon rain forest. The spatio-temporal model was developed to study malaria outbreaks over a four year period in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The goal is to predict malaria counts for unobserved municipalities and future time periods with the aid of a free-form spatial covariance structure and a methodology that allows temporal prediction and spatial interpolation for outbreaks of malaria over time. The proposed structure is unique in that it is not a distance- or neighbourhood-based covariance model. Instead, spatial correlation is allowed among all locations to be estimated freely. To model the temporal correlation between observations, a Bayesian dynamic linear model is incorporated into one level of the spatio-temporal mixture model. The model also provides sensible ways of malaria mapping for municipalities which were not observed.
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Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), and Gustavo Rohenkohl. Time for the Fourth Dimension in Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.036.
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This chapter takes attention into the fourth dimension by considering research that explores how predictive information in the temporal structure of events can contribute to optimizing perception. The authors review behavioural and neural findings from three lines of investigation in which the temporal regularity and predictability of events are manipulated through rhythms, hazard functions, and cues. The findings highlight the fundamental role temporal expectations play in shaping several aspects of performance, from early perceptual analysis to motor preparation. They also reveal modulation of neural activity by temporal expectations all across the brain. General principles of how temporal expectations are generated and bias information processing are still emerging. The picture so far suggests that there may be multiple sources of temporal expectation, which can bias multiple stages of stimulus analysis depending on the stages of information processing that are critical for task performance. Neural oscillations are likely to provide an important medium through which the anticipated timing of events can regulate neuronal excitability.
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Sizemore, Michelle. Future Passing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627539.003.0007.
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The conclusion proposes an alternative to historicism informed by the growing body of work in nineteenth-century American time studies. New approaches need to explore temporalities and temporal frameworks different from the standard linear chronology employed in historicist criticism. Drawing on Catharine Sedgwick’s The Linwoods, the conclusion advances one such temporal framework (future-passing) and a complementary mode of reading (anticipatory reading) as directions for historicist revisionism. Both future-passing and anticipatory reading emerge from the genre of historical romance, offering possibilities for genre study, and more ambitiously, for literary history.
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Quint, David. The Politics of Envy. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161914.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on Satan's envy, a condition associated with vision. Satan's envy links vision to time, and to the finite goods of the world. His refusal to bow down before what he takes to be a temporal image of God corresponds to the later historical rejection of the incarnate Son by the incredulous and envious Jews—while his adversary, the zealous Abdiel, plays the role of a fearless Nicodemus before the Sanhedrin. Satan further argues backward, from the apparently secondary, temporal status of the Son, to assert that the Father, whom the Son visibly expresses, is equally secondary and a purely temporal power to be opposed by temporal force. In his envy, the devil invents worldly monarchy by misattributing it to God and wanting it for himself, inventing war in the process.
12
Fomin, V. N., and Vladimir Fomin. Optimal Filtering: Volume II: Spatio-Temporal Fields (Mathematics and Its Applications). Springer, 1999.
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13
CEZARINHO, Filipe Arnaldo, and Tábata Figueiredo DOURADO. No Ritmo Do Fogo: Contos e Memórias da Guerra de Espadas na Bahia. Gradus Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46848/978111.
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A finalidade deste trabalho é demonstrar o valor histórico, cultural e patrimonial da Guerra de Espadas na Bahia. Os meios para tal foram diversos. Em primeiro lugar, incumbimo-nos de uma pesquisa histórica através da hemeroteca do Centro Nacional de Folclore e Cultura Popular – CNFCP, onde encontramos recortes de jornais que traziam as festas de São João relacionadas às Guerras de Espadas em vários municípios baianos. O critério fundamental era que os verbetes “espadas” e “guerra de espadas” compusessem o conteúdo de cada recorte documental. Os acervos admitem uma linha temporal que vai de 1950 a 1970, podendo encontrar material com datações posteriores.
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Rao, Prasada. Welfare Comparisons with Heterogeneous Prices, Consumption, and Preferences. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.25.
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The chapter provides an overview of the methods and techniques employed by economic statisticians in compiling measures of real expenditure for use in making temporal and spatial comparisons of economic welfare. The role of money-metric utility in making price and welfare comparisons is explored. Temporal measures of price change based on the Konus cost-of-living index and the associated measures of welfare change for individuals and groups of individuals are discussed. Links between the commonly used Laspeyres, Paasche, Fisher, and Tornqvist index numbers and the Konus index-based measures of price and real expenditure change are established. A section of the chapter is devoted to spatial price comparisons where heterogeneity in prices, consumption, and preferences poses challenges for statisticians. Multilateral index number methods based on the money-metric utility used in spatial and cross-country price and welfare comparisons including the Geary, Gini-Éltetö-Köves-Szulc, and spatial chaining methods are canvassed.
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Barham, Jeremy. Mahler and the Game of History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199316090.003.0017.
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For obvious reasons, the understanding and writing of music history have favoured a linear model founded in causality and chronology. Like many disciplines, however, historiographical studies have been subjected to critiques of various theoretical and imaginative types, particularly, but not exclusively, in recent times. These critiques are outlined here, and three historiographical models critically applied to the understanding of Mahler’s music: historicism, historical materialism (after Walter Benjamin), and a more radical rhizomatic model (after Deleuze). Posited, put into operation and questioned, these models cast multi-perspectival and multi-temporal light on how Mahler’s music continues to participate in contexts of contemporary mass-media and public consciousness.
16
Phillips, Tom. Untimely Epic. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848561.001.0001.
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Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica is a voyage across time as well as space. The Argonauts encounter monsters, nymphs, shepherds, and kings who represent earlier stages of the cosmos or human society; they are given glimpses into the future, and themselves effect changes in the world through which they travel. Readers undergo a still more complex form of temporal transport, enabled not just to imagine themselves into the deep past, but to examine the layers of poetic and intellectual history from which Apollonius crafts his poem. Taking its lead from ancient critical preoccupations with poetry’s ethical significance, this book argues that the Argonautica produces an understanding of time and temporal experience which ramifies variously in readers’ lives. When describing the people and creatures who occupied the past, Apollonius extends readers’ capacity for empathetic response to the worlds inhabited by others. In the ecphrasis of Jason’s cloak and the account of Jason’s conversations with Medea, readers are invited to scrutinize the relationship between exempla and temporal change, while climactic episodes such as Jason’s battle with the Earthborn and the taking of the Golden Fleece explore links between perceptions and their temporal situation. Running through the poem, and through the readings that comprise this book, is an attention to the intellectual potential of the ‘untimely’, objects, experience, and language which do not belong straightforwardly to a particular time. Treatment of such phenomena is crucial to the poem’s aspiration to inform and expand readers’ understanding of themselves as subjects in and of history.
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Andresen, Martin. GIS and Spatial Analysis. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.33.
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The importance of spatial-temporal dimension(s) within environmental criminology has made the use and applications of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis rather widespread. This chapter covers some of the principles and advancements in the use of crime mapping and spatial analysis to study the spatial distribution of crime, primarily through the lens of environmental criminology. Crime mapping is defined as the spatial representation of crime (in the context of criminal events) on a map. Consequently, in order to do so, one must have geographic coordinates for each criminal event to place it on a map. There are three primary ways in which spatially referenced data can be presented: points, lines, and areas. Most often, criminal event data are represented as points (dot maps) or areas (census tracts or neighborhoods, for example), but maps considering lines (street segments) are becoming more commonplace.
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Yust, Jason. Tonal Structure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.003.0003.
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The concept of tonal structure is intimately associated with the person of Heinrich Schenker, but ultimately in order to enter dialogue with Schenker the theory of tonal structure must take the place of “Schenkerian analysis” in our discourse. A number of useful principles of tonal structure may be derived from Schenker’s theory: Schenkerian notation agrees with the network representation for temporal structure, and linear progressions are a good starting point for a tonal structure discovery procedure. The theory of the Ursatz, however, cannot be understood as an empirical claim but rather as a collection of grammatical norms. Also, Schenker’s dismissal of the concept of key is disputed, and a theory of tonal structure to which keys and modulation are integral is presented.
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Slawinski, Natalie, and Pratima Bansal. The Paradoxes of Time in Organizations. Edited by Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.013.19.
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This chapter examines the paradoxes related to time in organizational research. It uncovers two main assumptions in organizational time research. The first is that temporal dimensions are often viewed as trade-offs, including objective versus subjective, short versus long term, and fast versus slow, such that organizations must choose among them. The second assumption is that clock time, which views time as absolute, mechanical, and linear, is a dominant frame. Such approaches to time in organizational research have limited theorizing about organizations and their relationship with society and the natural environment. A paradox lens, which approaches contradictory elements as interrelated and persistent, offers opportunities to develop a richer understanding of temporality, and to unearth insights unavailable through a polarized view of time.
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Brönmark, Christer, and Lars-Anders Hansson. Food Web Interactions in Freshwater Ecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713593.003.0005.
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This chapter on food web interactions connects the organisms and their interactions with the abiotic frame and provides a helicopter perspective on the function of freshwater ecosystems. Initially, the theoretical basis for an ecosystem approach is outlined, including food web theory, the bottom-up and top-down concepts and how these have evolved in concert with empirical advances. Specifically, the concepts of cascading trophic interactions and alternative stable states are discussed both from a theoretical and empirical viewpoint, as well as in both benthic and pelagic habitats. This chapter links all components, from microbes to vertebrates, to temporal and spatial changes in abiotic features leading to successional patterns in populations and communities.
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Papanikolaou, Eftychia. On the British Reception of Ken Russell’s Mahler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199316090.003.0009.
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Ken Russell’s Mahler (1974) constitutes aesthetically and historically one of the most idiosyncratic and rewarding composer biopics. With a train as locus of the diegesis, the narrative provides overlapping flashbacks interspersed with fantasy and dream sequences. The viewer must put together Mahler’s life as if in a temporal puzzle, in a non-teleological fashion that contrasts with the linear progression of time implied by the train’s journey. Despite historical inconsistencies and extravagant presentation, the film offers commentary on a composer still being discovered. Its visual and aural synchronisations between Mahler’s memories and his music re-construct and manipulate Mahler’s—and also the audiences’—memories, and comment on the reception of Mahler’s life and music at that particular point in time, thus perpetuating existing images and ideologies. Rather than a study in myth-making, making encapsulates and appropriates the reception of the Mahler myth.
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Expansão dos cursos superiores de tecnologia no Brasil: Uma análise das tendências e controvérsias no período pós-LDB nº 9.394/96 (1997-2012). Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/9786558460176.
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Os textos que compõem este livro apresentam e analisam os resultados de estudo sobre a expansão dos Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia no Brasil (CSTs), buscando investigar as principais características dessa expansão pós-Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB) nº 9.394/96, no período compreendido entre 1997 e 2012. A investigação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Grupo de Estudos de Políticas de Avaliação da Educação Superior (Gepaes), vinculado à linha de pesquisa Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação (Poge) do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), que tem como principal foco de debate as políticas de avaliação da educação superior brasileira. O recorte temporal eleito traduz a preocupação da pesquisa em examinar a dinâmica assumida pela oferta dos CSTs na fase posterior à publicação da LDB nº 9.394/96, considerando a flexibilização apontada por essa lei para a diversificação de instituições e cursos superiores no país. Sob esse ângulo, a investigação busca compreender as tendências, controvérsias e motivações que explicam o processo expansionista desses cursos, à luz da política educacional definida para a educação superior brasileira, no período estudado.
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Myler, Neil. Exceptions to the Mirror Principle and morphophonological ‘action at a distance’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778264.003.0005.
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Hyman (2000, 2002) and Kiparsky (2011) have noted that Mirror-Principle-violating morpheme orders often give rise to non-local morphophonological effects. Kiparsky (2011) explicitly argues that this generalization cannot be captured in syntactic approaches to morphology, such as Distributed Morphology. This chapter shows that the generalization can be explained via the combination of two pre-existing tenets of such theories. One is the idea that Vocabulary Insertion proceeds from the most deeply embedded constituent outwards (Bobaljik 2000; Halle and Marantz 1993). The other is the proposal that violations of the Mirror Principle are to be accounted for via phrasal movement of a category containing the lexical root ‘stranding’ one or more affixes (Koopman 2005; Buell 2005; i.a.). The possibility of non-local phonological effects arises because the movements involved in deriving Mirror-Principle-violating orders lead to a disconnect between linear distance from the root and temporal order of Vocabulary Insertion.
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Laski, Gregory. On the Possibility of Democracy in the Present-Past. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642792.003.0002.
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This chapter constructs a conceptual grammar for untimely democracy by pairing Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia and W. E. B. Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk. Jefferson’s vision of an ever-progressing polity rests on his principle of generational autonomy: the notion that each cohort of citizens is free from the burdens of its ancestors. Slavery stands as the limit for such a model. For Jefferson, blackness signifies a future haunted by bondage; thus Africans can have no place in American democracy. Jefferson’s future is what Du Bois terms the “present-past.” With this phrase, Du Bois reorders linear time—positioning the past after, not before, the present—and posits intergenerational responsibility as a democratic value alongside equality and liberty. And yet, even as he advocates a temporal double consciousness that blurs past and present, Du Bois worries that emphasizing slavery’s seemingly eternal return might paralyze political action.
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Connolly, Joy. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818489.003.0012.
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Throughout her life, Hannah Arendt was deeply and energetically engaged with Greek and Roman ideas, which she saw as sparking new, vital thinking about modern problems. The contemporary artist Tino Sehgal creates artworks out of dialogue that encourage participants to develop new lines of thought and conversation, in keen awareness of their evolving spatial and temporal relationship with one another. This chapter argues that Arendt and Sehgal build a new model for what we now typically call ‘classical reception’—a method of creative, purposive conservation that remembers Greek and Roman texts in their historical specificity even as it focuses on generating novel thought in and for the present time. In their view, to think is to think with—another person, another text, another culture—a treatment of thought as dialogue and, as I argue, an ethics of reading.
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Darrigol, Olivier. Models, structure, and generality in Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism. Edited by Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay, and David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.12.
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This article examines the gradual development of James Clerk Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, arguing that he aimed at general structures through his models, illustrations, formal analogies, and scientific metaphors. It also considers a few texts in which Maxwell expounds his conception of physical theories and their relation to mathematics. Following a discussion of Maxwell’s extension of an analogy invented by William Thomson in 1842, the article analyzes Maxwell’s geometrical expression of Michael Faraday’s notion of lines of force. It then revisits Maxwell’s honeycomb model that he used to obtain his system of equations and the concomitant unification of electricity, magnetism, and optics. It also explores Maxwell’s view about the Lagrangian form of the fundamental equations of a physical theory. It shows that Maxwell was guided by general structural requirements that were inspired by partial and temporary models; these requirements were systematically detailed in Maxwell’s 1873 Treatise on electricity and magnetism.
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Reinecke, Juliane, Roy Suddaby, Ann Langley, and Haridimos Tsoukas, eds. Time, Temporality, and History in Process Organization Studies. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870715.001.0001.
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Process studies of organizations focus attention on how and why organizational actions and structures emerge, develop, grow or terminate over time. Time, timing, and temporality, are inherent to organizational process studies, yet time remains an under-theorized construct that has struggled to move beyond chronological conceptions of “clock” time. Missing from this linear view are ongoing debates about objectivity versus subjectivity in the experience of time, linear versus alternative structures of time, or an appreciation of collective or culturally determined inferences of temporality. This is critical because our understanding of time and temporality can shape how we view and relate to organizational phenomena—as unfolding processes or stable objects. History is an equally important but under-theorized concept in organization studies. Organizational theorists have struggled to move beyond two limited conceptualizations of historical processes: history as a constraint on organizations’ capacity for change, or history as a unique source of competitive advantage. Both approaches suffer from the restrictive view of history as an objective set of “brute facts” that are exterior to the individuals, organizations, and collectives that experience them. The historical turn in management has triggered an effort to re-theorize history in organizations in a more nuanced manner, and management theory is acquiring a “historical consciousness”—an awareness of time, history, and memory as critical elements in processes of organizing. This volume draws together emerging strands of interest in adopting a more nuanced orientation toward time and history to better understand the temporal aspects of organizational processes.
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Smith, Jennifer J. Writing Time in Metaphors. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423939.003.0004.
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Coherence of place often exists alongside irregularities in time in cycles, and chapter three turns to cycles linked by temporal markers. Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles (1950) follows a linear chronology and describes the exploration, conquest, and repopulation of Mars by humans. Conversely, Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine (1984) jumps back and forth across time to narrate the lives of interconnected families in the western United States. Bradbury’s cycle invokes a confluence of historical forces—time as value-laden, work as a calling, and travel as necessitating standardized time—and contextualizes them in relation to anxieties about the space race. Erdrich’s cycle invokes broader, oppositional conceptions of time—as recursive and arbitrary and as causal and meaningful—to depict time as implicated in an entire system of measurement that made possible the destruction and exploitation of the Chippewa people. Both volumes understand the United States to be preoccupied with imperialist impulses. Even as they critique such projects, they also point to the tenacity with which individuals encounter these systems, and they do so by creating “interstitial temporalities,” which allow them to navigate time at the crossroads of language and culture.
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Leman, Peter. Singing the Law. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621136.001.0001.
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“Singing the Law” is about the legal lives and afterlives of oral cultures in East Africa, particularly as they appear within the pages of written literatures during the colonial and postcolonial periods. In examining these cultures, I begin with an analysis of the cultural narratives of time and modernity that formed the foundations of British colonial law. Recognizing the contradictory nature of these narratives (i.e., they both promote and retreat from the Euro-centric ideal of temporal progress) enables us to make sense of the many representations of and experiments with non-linear, open-ended, and otherwise experimental temporalities that we find in works of East African literature that take colonial law as a subject or point of critique. Many of these works, furthermore, consciously appropriate orature as an expressive form with legal authority. This affords them the capacity to challenge the narrative foundations of colonial law and its postcolonial residues and offer alternative models of temporality and modernity that give rise, in turn, to alternative forms of legality. East Africa’s “oral jurisprudence” ultimately has implications not only for our understanding of law and literature in colonial and postcolonial contexts, but more broadly for our understanding of how the global south has shaped modern law as we know and experience it today.
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Campbell, Edward. Music-Becoming-Animal in Works by Grisey, Aperghis and Levinas. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0007.
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The concept of ‘becoming-animal’ has rich potential for a discussion of a number of recent musical artworks. It links Deleuze and Guattari not only with Olivier Messiaen, the bird-lover par excellence, but also with composers Gérard Grisey, Michaël Levinas and Georges Aperghis. With Levinas's sonic hybridisations in the Ouverture pour une fête étrange (1979) sound is amplified to the point that it becomes ‘an almost animal living mob’. In the experimental music theatre piece Avis de tempête (2004) Georges Aperghis produces a ‘fetish reading' of Moby Dick in which 'Melville's universe impregnates the entire spectacle'. While the great whale does not appear anywhere in the libretto, the theme of fragmented subjectivity is prominent throughout. Finally, the temporalities at play in late works by Gérard Grisey embody aspects of animality. In Le Temps et l'écume (1989), three times – 'normal', extremely compressed and extremely slow, indicate the temporal frames of humans, birds and whales, and follow one another successively in the formal unfolding of the work. Beyond the representational or imitative qualities of earlier musics, the chapter argues that in each of these works, a Deleuze-Guattarian diagram is drawn in which music no longer evokes animality but rather itself becomes animal.
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Ross, John, Igor Schreiber, and Marcel O. Vlad. Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195178685.001.0001.
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In a chemical system with many chemical species several questions can be asked: what species react with other species: in what temporal order: and with what results? These questions have been asked for over one hundred years about simple and complex chemical systems, and the answers constitute the macroscopic reaction mechanism. In Determination of Complex Reaction Mechanisms authors John Ross, Igor Schreiber, and Marcel Vlad present several systematic approaches for obtaining information on the causal connectivity of chemical species, on correlations of chemical species, on the reaction pathway, and on the reaction mechanism. Basic pulse theory is demonstrated and tested in an experiment on glycolysis. In a second approach, measurements on time series of concentrations are used to construct correlation functions and a theory is developed which shows that from these functions information may be inferred on the reaction pathway, the reaction mechanism, and the centers of control in that mechanism. A third approach is based on application of genetic algorithm methods to the study of the evolutionary development of a reaction mechanism, to the attainment given goals in a mechanism, and to the determination of a reaction mechanism and rate coefficients by comparison with experiment. Responses of non-linear systems to pulses or other perturbations are analyzed, and mechanisms of oscillatory reactions are presented in detail. The concluding chapters give an introduction to bioinformatics and statistical methods for determining reaction mechanisms.
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Singha, Radhika. The Coolie's Great War. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197525586.001.0001.
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Though largely invisible in histories of World War one, over 550,000 men in the ranks of the Indian Army were followers or non-combatants. From porters and construction workers in the ‘Coolie Corps’, to ‘menial’ servants and those who maintained supply lines and removed the wounded from the battlefield, Radhika Singha draws upon their story to give the sub-continent an integral rather than ‘external’ place in this world –wide conflict. The labor regimes built on the backs of these 'coolies' had long sustained imperial militarism. This was particularly visible in the border infrastructures put in place by combinations of waged work, corvee, and, tributary labor.These work regimes, and the political arrangements which sustained them, would be bent to the demands of global war. This amplified trans-border ambitions and anxieties and pulled war zones closer home. Manpower hunger unsettled the institutional divide between Indian combatants and non-combatants. The ‘higher’ followers benefitted, less so the ‘menial’ followers, whose position recalled the dependency of domestic service and who included in their ranks the ‘untouchables’ consigned to stigmatised work. The book explores the experiences of the Indian Labor Corps in Mesopotamia and France and concludes with an exploration of the prolonged, complicated nature of the ‘end of the war’ for the sub-continent. The Coolie's Great War views the conflict unfolding over the world through the lens of Indian labor, bringing new social, spatial, temporal and sensory dimensions to the narrative.
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Backhouse, Roger E., Bradley W. Bateman, Tamotsu Nishizawa, and Dieter Plehwe, eds. Liberalism and the Welfare State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190676681.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The welfare state has, over the past 40 years, come under increasing attack from liberals who consider comprehensive welfare provision inimical to liberalism. Yet many of the architects of the post–World War II welfare states were liberals. Taking as examples three cases not often considered together—Britain, Germany, and Japan—this volume investigates the thinking of liberal economists about welfare. The first part explores the early history of welfare thinking, from the British New Liberals of the early twentieth century, to German ordoliberals and postwar Japanese liberal economists. This is followed by four chapters on neoliberalism under British Conservative and New Labour governments, after German reunification, and under Koizumi in Japan. The final two chapters explore neoliberal ideas on federalism and the response of neoliberal think tanks to the global financial crisis. These are some of the most important findings: Across the different countries, support emerged very early on for social minimum standards, but strong disagreements quickly developed, dividing economists into pro and contra camps, shaping the different regimes. In the age of retrenchment, means-tested programs, private insurance, and temporary relief in times of crisis appear to have become the norm. The strong impact of efficiency-related critiques of welfare regimes has crowded out more nuanced and complex discussions of the past. Yet neither liberalism nor economic ideas in general can be considered inimical to well-designed welfare provision. The debate on economics and welfare can be improved by considering different lineages of both liberal and neoliberal lines of economic thought.