Academic literature on the topic 'Link Busget'

<p>Den här rapporten beskriver ett examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i datorteknik vid Växjö universitet. Vid företaget BSR i Växjö pågår utvecklingen av ett diagnosverktyg benämt BSR Diagnostic Tool. Syftet med projektet är att kunna använda en hårdvaruklass som kommunikationsdel istället för diagnosverktyg från de olika biltillverkarna. Inom objektorienterad programmering är en klass ett avsnitt programkod som samlar en mängd relaterade attributer och funktioner för ett objekt. I rapporten beskrivs implementeringen av hårdvaruklassen samt tillhörande teori för kommunikationsbussen som används, nämligen CAN. BSR har redovisat vilka funktioner som bör finnas med i klassen genom att göra ett diagram med dessa. Målet i första hand var att få en fungerande kommunikation med styrenheter i en Saab. Testning har skett genom ett enkelt testprogram som ger möjlighet att skicka en fråga och få tillbaka ett svar från en styrenhet i fordonet genom hårdvaruklassen. Utvecklingen av systemet har skett med hjälp av programspråket C# och utvecklingsmiljön .NET. Företagets representanter var nöjda med resultatet då det utgör en bra grund för vidareutvecklingen av BSR Diagnostic Tool.</p><br><p>This abstract describes the bachelor degree thesis in computer technology at Växjö University. At the company BSR in Växjö, Sweden there is a new project under development called BSR Diagnostic Tool. The main idea is to use a hardware class for communication instead of the diagnostic tools that are provided by the car manufactures. In object-oriented programming, a class is a programming language construct that is used as a blueprint to create objects. The task was to implement this hardware class which will handle the communication between a computer and the control units in the vehicles. The report also includes a big theoretical part about the communication bus that is used, CAN. The objective was to create the class and make it communicate successfully with a Saab. The testing of the class was done with a simple program. The program can send a question to the vehicle and retrieve an answer with help of the hardware class. BSR provided a diagram with functions that should be present. The development of the system was done using C# and .NET Environment. The company was satisfied with the results since they provided a good basis to further development of BSR Diagnostic Tool.</p>

In the last years the steady development of autonomous driving technology has enabled the deployment of more mature autonomous vehicles. These vehicles have been applied in several pilot projects worldwide, most commonly in the form of small buses. At the same time, the amount of people traveling in especially urban areas is continuously growing, resulting in more trips in the transportation system. An efficient transportation system is therefore required to serve the growing passenger demand. Autonomous buses (AB) are assumed to have lower operational costs and with that public transport (PT) systems can potentially be designed more efficiently to facilitate the increased demand better. In this study, an AB specific simulation-based optimization framework is proposed which allows analyzing the impacts AB have on line-based PT systems. The thesis focuses on the transition from existing PT systems towards line-based PT systems operated partially or exclusively by AB. Existing work on PT service design is extended so that realistic AB systems can be investigated. This is achieved by (i) using AB specific operator cost formulations, (ii) integrating infrastructure costs required for AB operations, (iii) utilizing a dynamic, stochastic and schedule-based passenger assignment model for the simulation of PT networks and by (iv) formulating a multi-objective optimization problem allowing to investigate the stakeholder-specific impacts of AB. In Paper I the effects of AB, concerning service frequency and vehicle capacity, on fixed-line PT networks are investigated. Among other metrics, the changes are evaluated based on differences in level of service and passenger flow. Additionally, the sequential introduction of AB in existing PT systems is studied. The framework addresses a case study in Kista, Sweden. The study confirmed the initial hypothesis that the deployment of AB leads to an increase in service frequency and a marginal reduction in vehicle capacity. Furthermore, it could be seen that the deployment of AB increases the passenger load on AB lines and that passengers can shift from other PT modes towards the AB services. Paper II incorporates a multi-objective heuristic optimization algorithm in the simulation framework. The study investigates changes in transport network design based on the deployment of AB. The differences in user-focused and operator-focused network design are analyzed and the impact of AB on these is quantified. This study is applied to a case study in Barkarby, Sweden where a full-sized, line-based PT network is designed to exclusively operate AB. Among other findings, we show that the autonomous technology reduces the number of served bus stops and reduces the total PT network size. Additionally, average passenger waiting time can be reduced when deploying AB on user-focused PT networks, which in turn leads to a further reduction of user cost.<br>De senaste årens framsteg inom autonom körteknik har lett till mer mogna autonoma fordon. Dessa fordon har setts tillämpas i flera pilotprojekt över hela världen, oftast i form av små bussar. Samtidigt växer mängden människor som reser, särskilt i stadsområden, kontinuerligt vilket resulterar i fler resor i transportsystemet. Därför krävs ett effektivt transportsystem för att tillgodose det växande antalet passagerare. Autonoma bussar (AB) antas ha lägre driftskostnader och därmed kan system för kollektivtrafik (public transport, PT) potentiellt utformas mer effektivt för att underlätta den ökade efterfrågan bättre. I denna studie föreslås ett AB-specifikt simuleringsbaserat optimeringsramverk som gör det möjligt att analysera effekterna AB har på linjebaserade PT-system. Avhandlingen fokuserar på övergången från befintliga PT-system till linjebaserade PT-system som delvis eller uteslutande drivs av AB. Befintligt arbete med PT-tjänstdesign utvidgas så att realistiska AB-system kan undersökas. Detta uppnås genom att (i) använda AB-specifika operatörskostnadsformuleringar, (ii) integrera infrastrukturkostnader som krävs för AB-verksamhet, (iii) använda en dynamisk, stokastisk och schemabaserad modell för att tilldela passagerare vid simulering av PT-nät samt genom att (iv) formulera ett multifunktionellt optimeringsproblem som gör det möjligt att undersöka AB: s intressespecifika effekter. I artikel I undersöks effekterna av AB, med avseende på servicefrekvens och fordonskapacitet, på fasta linjer i PT-nät. Förändringar utvärderas bland annat utifrån skillnader i servicenivå och passagerarflöde. Dessutom studeras den sekventiella introduktionen av AB i befintliga PT-system. Det föreslagna ramverket tillämpas på en fallstudie i Kista, Sverige. Studien bekräftade den initiala hypotesen att utplaceringen av AB leder till en ökning av servicefrekvensen och en marginell minskning av fordonens kapacitet. Vidare kunde man se att utplaceringen av AB ökar passagerarbelastningen på AB-linjer och att passagerare kan skifta från andra PT-former mot AB-tjänsterna. Artikel II integrerar en multifunktionell heuristisk optimeringsalgoritm i ramverket för simuleringen. Studien undersöker förändringar i transportnätverkets design baserat på implementeringen av AB. Skillnaderna i användarfokuserad och operatörsfokuserad nätverksdesign analyseras och AB: s inverkan på dessa kvantifieras. Denna studie tillämpas på en fallstudie i Barkarby, Sverige, där ett fullstort linjebaserat PT-nät är utformat för att exklusivt driva AB. Vi visar bland annat att den autonoma tekniken reducerar antalet använda busshållplatser och reducerar den totala PT-nätstorleken. Dessutom kan implementeringen av AB på användarfokuserade PT-nät ytterligare förbättra servicenivån främst genom att minska den genomsnittliga väntetiden per passagerare.

Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de Empresas<br>El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la factibilidad estratégica, técnica y económica del diseño de una estrategia de crecimiento de la empresa PasajeBus, que le permita alcanzar una participación de mercado B2C del 15% y una cobertura del 90% de las líneas de buses interurbanos de Chile en un plazo de 3 años. PasajeBus es un portal on-line de ventas de pasajes de buses interurbanos que, adicionalmente, proporciona otros servicios tecnológicos también asociados al transporte de pasajeros como lo son su sistema de gestión de flota de buses y de gestión de disponibilidad de inventario (asientos) de buses vía web. Los principales portales competidores identificados son: Recorrido.cl , VoyHoy.com , Viajaenbus.cl , Pullmanbus.cl y Turbus.cl . La alternativa de VoyHoy.com resultó ser aquella que oferta los pasajes al menor precio promedio del mercado en todos los segmentos B2C analizados. La primera etapa del trabajo consistió en un diagnóstico del cual se determinó que los segmentos más atractivos son: para el mercado B2C (clientes), aquel cuyo tramo distancia de viaje entre ciudades fuera mayor a 500 kms (mayor potencial de mercado calculado de $268 mil millones al año 2014) y, para el mercado B2B (empresas), aquel cuya flota fuese menor o igual a 1000 buses (por declarar mayor disposición a una eventual asociación con el portal). De la síntesis de hechos y factores clave se logró identificar los siguientes: alta valoración del factor precio y al hecho de contar con una aplicación smartphone para la compra de boletos (por parte de los clientes), escasa estrategia de publicidad y carencia total de promociones en cuanto a precios y /o servicios adicionales (por parte de PasajeBus). Por el lado de las empresas de buses, tan solo 55 de las 97 cumplieron con lo exigido por el segmento objetivo de clientes definido (inventario mayor a 31 asientos y cobertura distancia mayor a 500 kms). La propuesta de valor consistió en la formulación de una estrategia de enfoque en los segmentos B2B y B2C más atractivos ya mencionados y, dentro de ésta, una estrategia de precios bajos con enfoque en diferenciación. Ello permitió establecer un nivel de precios promedio más bajos que VoyHoy.com mediante la venta de pasajes a través de la aplicación smartphone, entre otros servicios adicionales. La evaluación económica arrojó que el proyecto es rentable con un VAN de $4 millones (en un horizonte de 3 años), y una TIR del 5% a una tasa de descuento del proyecto (wacc) del 5,33%. Luego, el objetivo planteado de crecimiento en participación de mercado es factible de realizar en el plazo establecido. No obstante lo anterior, dentro del mercado B2B la estrategia planteada no permite lograr el 90% de asociación de empresas (tan solo fue posible considerar un máximo del 56,7%), por lo cual el proyecto, en conjunto, no es posible de lograr considerando los objetivos inicialmente establecidos.

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) corridors and systems have emerged in the past three decades as affordablesolutions of medium capacity public transport services to highly urbanized areas, especially in LatinAmerica and Asia. In Stockholm, trunk bus lines have gained priority over mixed traffic over the yearsthrough exclusive bus lanes, signal priority, and reliability control, for example, but no complete BRTsolution has been implemented yet. Among the inner-city trunk lines, Line 4 is the most demanded witharound 70,000 passengers boarding the service daily. This thesis proposes, then, to assess theoperational impacts that BRT solutions as segregate median lanes, stations with off-board farecollection and platform level boarding and alighting through all bus doors, full signal priority andheadway control strategy, would have in bus Line 4, using a microscopic simulation approach. Twoscenarios were simulated, and the results compared to the existing conditions (Base Scenario).Scenario 1 considered a 5-minute headway service and Scenario 2, 3-minute headways. Overall, theproposed scenarios reduce travel times by 37.6-49.1%, increase average operational speeds (includingdwell times) by 60.4-96.6%, decrease dwell times by 57.9-65.6%, decrease delays by 18.4-36%,decrease vehicle occupancy rates by 3.5-44.9% and improve the Coefficient of Variation of theheadways from 0.83-0.85 in the Base Scenario to 0.1 in Scenario 1 and 0.2 in Scenario 2. As a resultof the reduction in travel times, a BRT service would need 13 buses to operate a 5-minute headwayand 21 buses for a 3-minute headway, against 27 vehicles that are used currently for a 4 to 6-minuteheadway during peak hour.

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>運輸科技與管理學系<br>90<br>Real-time travel information is becoming increasingly important in many intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. There are many approaches used to collect real-time travel information. One of them relies on instrumented vehicles traveling in the traffic stream, also known as probe vehicles. Consider the situations of Taiwan, using probe vehicles to collect real-time travel information is an effective and efficient approach. 　　This thesis proposes a data processing model to process the real-time travel data collected by the buses instrumented with GPS, and estimate the average speed in a link. However the buses have their main missions to do, such as carrying passengers, we must filter out the unneeded data to provide accurate travel information. The data processing model includes two parts. One is the data filtering model to filter out the un-normal low speeds resulted from stops for collecting passengers or red light. The other is the data-cutting model. This model using the change point analysis of statistic theory to find a cutting point where the data has significant difference. 　　In order to evaluate the model, a case study concerning the Guang-Fu Rd. a major road in Hsin-Chu is performed. The result shows that the data filtering model and the data-cutting model can work well.