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1
Routray, Sudhir Kumar. "Statistical analysis and modeling of optical transport networks." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14272.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Telecomunicações<br>Statistical analysis and modeling of networks is now an integral
part of network science and engineering. In case of optical
transport networks (OTNs), it can be used for the planning and
dimensioning when the complete information is not available or
is difficult to process. The core networks around the world today
are almost optical and they form the backbone of the Internet.
Therefore, the statistical characteristics of these networks must be
studied to understand their nature and to estimate their parameters.
In science and technology, network analysis and modeling
are used for several purposes such as the analysis of their stability,
reliability and long term evolution. Knowledge of the statistical
models helps in the estimation of several critical parameters of
the networks.
The work presented in this thesis is focused on the analysis and
modeling of link lengths and shortest path lengths in OTNs. The
parameters used in the models presented in this thesis can be
estimated from the very basic information of the networks such
as the coverage area and the number of nodes, both of which
can be found from the node locations. These models can be
applied to estimate key parameters of the networks.
In this thesis, we have shown that the link lengths of the OTNs follow
general extreme value distribution. The parameters of the
proposed distribution can be estimated from the average link
lengths of the networks. We develop expressions for the average
link lengths of OTNs which can be estimated with an average error
of just 11%. We apply the developed model to estimate link
length dependent parameters in OTNs. We show that the shortest
path lengths of the OTNs follow Johnson SB distribution. We estimate
the parameters of the developed model from the convex
area and the number of nodes of the network. We also apply this
model to estimate several shortest path-dependent parameters
in OTNs.<br>A análise estatística e modelação de redes é atualmente uma
parte integrante da ciência e engenharia de redes. No caso das
redes óticas de transporte (OTN), a modelação estatistica pode
ser usada para o planeamento e dimensionamento quando a
informação completa não está disponível ou o seu processamento
é muito demorado. As redes óticas constituem atualmente
o núcleo central das redes que suportam a Internet. Portanto,
as características estatísticas dessas redes devem ser estudadas
por forma a compreender sua natureza e estimar os seus
parâmetros. Em ciência e tecnologia, a análise e modelação
de redes é usada para vários fins, tais como análise de estabilidade,
fiabilidade e evolução a longo prazo. O conhecimento
dos modelos estatísticos ajuda na estimativa de vários parâmetros
críticos das redes.
O trabalho apresentado nesta tese está focado na análise e
modelação dos comprimentos das ligaçães e dos caminhos
mais curtos em OTN. Os parâmetros usados nos modelos apresentados
nesta tese podem ser estimados a partir de informação
muito simples das redes, tais como a sua área de cobertura e o
número de nós, sendo que ambas podem ser obtidas a partir da
localização dos nós. Estes modelos podem ser aplicados para
estimar parâmetros-chave das redes.
Nesta tese, demonstramos que o comprimento dos ligações em
OTN segue uma distribuição do tipo general extreme value. Os
parâmetros da distribuição podem ser estimados a partir do
comprimento médio das ligações. Por sua vez mostramos que
o comprimento médio das ligações pode ser estimado com um
erro médio de 11% sendo apenas conhecida a área de cobertura
da rede. Mostramos como é possivel aplicar o modelo desenvolvido
à estimação de parâmetros dependentes do comprimento
das ligações. Mostramos também que o comprimento
dos caminhos mais curtos segue uma distribuição do tipo Johnson
SB. Os parâmetros usados neste modelo podem ser estimados
a partir da área convexa e do número de nós da rede. Aplicamos
ainda este modelo para estimar diversos parâmetros dependentes
do caminho mais curto.
2
Asif, Muddassir. "Investigating Maximum Fiber Link Length with SEDFA." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-119814.
Full textAbstract:
Fiber optic is one of the most rapidly growing technologies used these days for high bandwidth networks. This rapid growth in this area is resulting in production of cheaper and low power equipment. The objective of this study is to investigate the limitations of an optical network while using low cost and low power equipment. This study presents the analysis regarding the use of standard low cost fiber equipment to reach distances above 250 km for 1 Gbps networks and try to achieve more than 100 km for 10 Gbps fiber networks. The transceivers used for this study for 1 Gbps networks are rated to reach 150 km and for 10 Gbps the transceivers are made for 40 km. An EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) is used to overcome the problems of low power. This study also presents an investigation regarding the placement of EDFA along the 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps links. This study is aimed at the rural areas of Somalia where power grids are not available in most of the region. Hence the tests have been performed to consider the use of solar power to run the amplifier. The results show that, by using a SFP transceiver built for 150 km and by the use of only one EDFA it is possible to achieve distances of maximum 310 km for 1 Gbps networks. This is possible due the use of an in-line amplifier placed after 150 km. The distance is limited to 310 km only because of the power limitation. For the 10 Gbps fiber link with XFP transceivers rated for 40 km, without use of amplifier, transmission was possible up to 75 km. After using an EDFA at 75 km, a distance of 125 km was achieved, but beyond that the dispersion was a limiting factor for the system. With the use of a dispersion compensating fiber unit, transmission was possible to a distance of 150 km. As the EDFA consumes very little power, approximately 1 W, the use of a solar panel to power the EDFA is a promising solution. According to the results even only four hours of effective sunshine is more than enough to charge the battery to run the low power amplifier. Even with multiple cloudy days the battery voltage was enough to power the EDFA.
3
Sparrow, Leah M., Emily Pellatt, Sabrina S. Yu, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, and Campbell Rolian. "Gait changes in a line of mice artificially selected for longer limbs." PEERJ INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623229.
Full textAbstract:
In legged terrestrial locomotion, the duration of stance phase, i.e., when limbs are in contact with the substrate, is positively correlated with limb length, and negatively correlated with the metabolic cost of transport. These relationships are well documented at the interspecific level, across a broad range of body sizes and travel speeds. However, such relationships are harder to evaluate within species (i.e., where natural selection operates), largely for practical reasons, including low population variance in limb length, and the presence of confounding factors such as body mass, or training. Here, we compared spatiotemporal kinematics of gait in Longshanks, a long-legged mouse line created through artificial selection, and in random-bred, mass-matched Control mice raised under identical conditions. We used a gait treadmill to test the hypothesis that Longshanks have longer stance phases and stride lengths, and decreased stride frequencies in both fore- and hind limbs, compared with Controls. Our results indicate that gait differs significantly between the two groups. Specifically, and as hypothesized, stance duration and stride length are 8–10% greater in Longshanks, while stride frequency is 8% lower than in Controls. However, there was no difference in the touch-down timing and sequence of the paws between the two lines. Taken together, these data suggest that, for a given speed, Longshanks mice take significantly fewer, longer steps to cover the same distance or running time compared to Controls, with important implications for other measures of variation among individuals in whole-organism performance, such as the metabolic cost of transport.
4
Snedeker, Katherine O. "Evaluation of performance and maximum length of continuous decks in simple-span bridges." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28210.
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Tosetto, Ana Paula. ""Percepção visual e háptica de comprimentos de linha apresentados em diferentes formas"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-03112005-092433/.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo buscou investigar se participantes videntes apresentaram a mesma performance nos julgamentos de comprimentos de linha do que participantes videntes vendados, cujas estimativas foram realizadas através da percepção tato-cinestésica háptica). Além disso, buscou-se conhecer se esta relação é mantida nas três diferentes formas de comprimentos de linha apresentados: reta, em L e curva e na utilização de dois métodos psicofísicos diferentes: estimação de magnitude e estimação de categoria. A amostra foi constituída por 120 participantes com visão normal, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a modalidade sensorial: vidente e não vidente (vidente vendado). Os experimentos consistiram em: 1. estimação de magnitude visual; 2. estimação de magnitude não-visual; 3. estimação de categoria visual e 4. estimação de categoria não-visual. Trinta participantes se submeteram a cada um destes experimentos, divididos em três grupos de 10, de acordo com a forma dos comprimentos. Análises estatísticas permitiram concluir que: 1) comprimentos de linha diferentes foram percebidos como diferentes em todos os grupos; 2) a forma dos comprimentos de linha não interferiu nos julgamentos dos participantes; 3) a modalidade sensorial não interferiu nos julgamentos de comprimentos de linha dos participantes e 4) a relação entre o comprimento físico e a estimativa foi mantida em ambos os métodos utilizados, estimação de magnitude e estimação de categoria.<br>The present study aimed to investigate if sighted participants presented the same performance in the judgements of length of line as blindfolded sighted participants, whose estimates were performed through the touch-cinestesic (haptic) perception. Besides, it aimed to know if this relation is kept in the three different shapes of line length presented: straight; L-shaped and curved and in the use of two different psychophysics methods: magnitude estimation and category estimation. The sample was composed by 120 participants with normal sight, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 35, divided into two groups according to the sensorial mode: sighted participants and blindfolded sighted participants. The experiments consisted in: 1. visual magnitude estimation; 2. non-visual magnitude estimation; 3. visual category estimation and 4. non-visual category estimation. Thirty participants were submitted to each of them, divided into three groups of ten, according to the shape of the lengths. Statistic analysis allowed to conclude that: 1) different line lengths were perceived different in all the groups; 2) the shape of the line lengths did not interfere in the judgements of the participants; 3) the sensorial mode did not interfere in the participants judgements of line lengths; 4) the relation between physical length and estimate was kept in the use of both methods: magnitude estimation and category estimation.
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Keefer, Brenton Jan. "Effect of manual digitizing error on the accuracy and precision of polygon area and line length." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45930.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Manual digitizing has been recognized by investigators as a significant source of map
error in GIS, but the error characteristics have not been well defined. This thesis presents a
methodology for simulating manual digitizing error. Stream mode digitizing error was modeled
using autoregressive moving average (ARMA) procedures, and point mode digitizing was
stochastically simulated using an uniform random model. These models were developed
based on quantification of digitizing error collected from several operators. The resulting
models were used to evaluate the effect digitizing error had upon polygon size and total line length at varying map accuracy standards.</p><p>
Digitizing error produced no bias in polygon area. The standard deviation of polygon
area doubled as the accuracy standard bandwidth doubled, but the standard deviation was
always less than 1.6 percent of total area for stream mode digitizing. Smaller polygons (less
than 10 square map inches) had more bias and more variance relative to their size than larger
polygons. A doubling of the accuracy standard bandwidth caused a quadrupling of line length
bias and a doubling to tripling of the line length standard deviation. For stream mode
digitizing, reasonable digitizing standards produced line length biases of less than 2 percent
of total length and standard deviations of less than 1 percent of total length. Bias and standard
deviation both increased with increasing line length (or number of points), but the bias and
standard deviation as a percent of total line length remained constant as feature size changed.</p><br>Master of Science
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Paudel, Bhim L. "Magnetotransport in GaMnAs Based Microstructures." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1331927548.
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Zhang, Jiaqi. "Finite-element simulations of interfacial flows with moving contact lines." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99058.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we develop an interface-preserving level-set method in the finite-element framework for interfacial flows with moving contact lines. In our method, the contact line is
advected naturally by the flow field. Contact angle hysteresis can be easily implemented
without explicit calculation of the contact angle or the contact line velocity, and meshindependent results can be obtained following a simple computational strategy. We have
implemented the method in three dimensions and provide numerical studies that compare
well with analytical solutions to verify our algorithm.
We first develop a high-order numerical method for interface-preserving level-set reinitialization. Within the interface cells, the gradient of the level set function is determined by a
weighted local projection scheme and the missing additive constant is determined such that
the position of the zero level set is preserved. For the non-interface cells, we compute the
gradient of the level set function by solving a Hamilton-Jacobi equation as a conservation
law system using the discontinuous Galerkin method. This follows the work by Hu and Shu
[SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 21 (1999) 660-690]. The missing constant for these cells is recovered
using the continuity of the level set function while taking into account the characteristics. To
treat highly distorted initial conditions, we develop a hybrid numerical flux that combines
the Lax-Friedrichs flux and a penalty flux. Our method is accurate for non-trivial test cases
and handles singularities away from the interface very well. When derivative singularitiesare present on the interface, a second-derivative limiter is designed to suppress the oscillations. At least (N + 1)th order accuracy in the interface cells and Nth order accuracy in
the whole domain are observed for smooth solutions when Nth degree polynomials are used.
Two dimensional test cases are presented to demonstrate superior properties such as accuracy, long-term stability, interface-preserving capability, and easy treatment of contact lines.
We then develop a level-set method in the finite-element framework. The contact line singularity is removed by the slip boundary condition proposed by Ren and E [Phys. Fluids, vol.
19, p. 022101, 2007], which has two friction coefficients: βN that controls the slip between
the bulk fluids and the solid wall and βCL that controls the deviation of the microscopic
dynamic contact angle from the static one. The predicted contact line dynamics from our
method matches the Cox theory very well. We further find that the same slip length in
the Cox theory can be reproduced by different combinations of (βN; βCL). This combination leads to a computational strategy for mesh-independent results that can match the
experiments. There is no need to impose the contact angle condition geometrically, and the
dynamic contact angle automatically emerges as part of the numerical solution. With a little
modification, our method can also be used to compute contact angle hysteresis, where the
tendency of contact line motion is readily available from the level-set function. Different test
cases, including code validation and mesh-convergence study, are provided to demonstrate
the efficiency and capability of our method.
Lastly, we extend our method to three-dimensional simulations, where an extension equation
is solved on the wall boundary to obtain the boundary condition for level-set reinitializaiton
with contact lines. Reinitialization of ellipsoidal interfaces is presented to show the accuracy and stability of our method. In addition, simulations of a drop on an inclined wall are
presented that are in agreement with theoretical results.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>When a liquid droplet is sliding along a solid surface, a moving contact line is formed at
the intersection of the three phases: liquid, air and solid. This work develops a numerical
method to study problems with moving contact lines. The partial differential equations
describing the problem are solved by finite element methods. Our numerical method is
validated against experiments and theories. Furthermore, we have implemented our method
in three-dimensional problems.
9
McCall, Carali. "A line is a brea(d)thless length : introducing the physical act of running as a form of drawing." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2014. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/6511/.
Full textAbstract:
This practice-based investigation offers an understanding of the role of the body in drawing. The research proposes that drawing is not only connected to movement but can be located in a larger inquiry into the performative nature of human activity. Analysis of artworks produced in the late 1960s and early 1970s provide a context and operative means to explore duration, expenditure of energy, measurement and time, in relation to practices of performance and drawing. The examination of these artists’ works is provided to inform an investigation of physical processes of drawing through performance practice. My inquiry also Ieads to an encounter with Merleau-Ponty’s concept of the body as a primary means of understanding our relationship to the world, in particular the ‘flesh’ as a porous interface that dissolves the boundary between subject and object. This underpins an analysis of performance-based practice that also seeks to investigate the act of drawing and embodiment. The aim of the research is to investigate how the body as an instrument can be explored through malleable qualities of drawing. This includes a process of adopting Euclid’s definition of the line as a model to explore linear properties beyond conventional mark making. Comparative analysis of works by Carolee Schneemann and Matthew Barney provide material that has been a key influence upon the research process. These works have influenced the trajectory of my performance art in the exploration of resistance, tension, measures of energy and endurance. My consequent practice interrogated how the body moves through space; using (myself) the runner to articulate a form of drawing that tested the body’s physical limits. A moment of transformation and change occurred when I began to articulate ‘running as drawing’. Vital to this, was an understanding of using ‘breath’ and the discipline of marathon training to introduce how the physical act of running can be a viable form of drawing.
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Marinho, Dias Torres Neto Antonio. "Blockbuster vs. scattershot : a contingent relationship between product line length strategy and performance in the fast-moving consumer goods industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/blockbuster-vs-scattershot-a-contingent-relationship-between-product-line-length-strategy-and-performance-in-the-fastmoving-consumer-goods-industry(65b6a1c5-2872-4399-955c-e6ee3fa8cfc6).html.
Full textAbstract:
Some firms focus on few products with broad appeal, whereas others leverage variety as an important part of their offering. This study investigates the conditions under which each of these product line length strategies is optimal in the fast-moving consumer goods industry. It does so by focusing on the relationship between product line length strategy and firm top-line performance, in the light of a discrete framework derived from the strategic fit paradigm and the strategic triangle. Results show that customer factors (i.e., variety per household and value per purchase) and competitor factors (i.e., concentration and proliferation) drive the strategic fit of a firm's product line length strategy to the market in which it competes, so that firms deploying market-fitting strategies face higher odds of market share growth than firms deploying contrarian strategies. Firms with certain company factors (i.e., innovativeness and brand equity), however, face higher odds of market share growth by challenging the market fit and deploying contrarian strategies than by deploying market-fitting strategies. This study offers a stepping stone towards addressing product line length strategy as a discrete choice on product line positioning, an innovative approach with potential to generate concrete business impact.
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Winn, Jeremy Paul. "Modeling Large Whale Entanglement Injuries: An Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Tissue Compliance, Line Tension, and Draw-Length on Epidermal Abrasion Resistance." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WinnJP2006.pdf.
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Boåsen, Magnus. "Modeling framework for ageing of low alloy steel." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Inst.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246036.
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Ageing of low alloy steel in nuclear applications commonly takes the form as a hardening and an embrittlement of the material. This is due to the evolution of the microstructure during irradiation and at purely thermal conditions, as a combination or separate. Irradiation introduces evenly distributed solute clusters, while thermal ageing has been shown to yield a more inhomogeneous distribution. These clusters affect the dislocation motion within the material and results in a hardening and in more severe cases of ageing, also a decreased work hardening slope due to plastic strain localization into bands/channels. Embrittlement corresponds to decreased fracture toughness due to microstructural changes resulting from ageing. The thesis presents a possible framework for modeling of ageing effects in low alloy steels.In Paper I, a strain gradient plasticity framework is applied in order to capture length scale effects. The constitutive length scale is assumed to be related to the dislocation mean free path and the changes this undergoes during plastic deformation. Several evolution laws for the length scale were developed and implemented in a FEM-code considering 2D plane strain. This was used to solve a test problem of pure bending in order to investigate the effects of the length scale evolution. As all length scale evolution laws considered in this study results in a decreasing length scale; this leads to a loss of non-locality which causes an overall softening at cases where the strain gradient is dominating the solution. The results are in tentative agreement with phenomena of strain localization that is occurring in highly irradiated materials.In Paper II, the scalar stress measure for cleavage fracture is developed and generalized, here called the effective normal stress measure. This is used in a non-local weakest link model which is applied to two datasets from the literature in order to study the effects of the effective normal stress measure, as well as new experiments considering four-point bending of specimens containing a semi-elliptical surface crack. The model is shown to reproduce the failure probability of all considered datasets, i.e. well capable of transferring toughness information between different geometries.<br>Åldring av låglegerade stål i kärntekniska användningsområden framträder typiskt som ett hårdnande och en försprödning av materialet. Detta på grund av utvecklingen av mikrostrukturen under bestrålning och under rent termiska förhållanden. Bestrålning introducerar jämt fördelade kluster av legeringsämnen. Termisk åldring har däremot visats ge upphov till en mer ojämn fördelning. Klustren hämmar dislokationsrörelsen i materialet och ger därigenom upphov till en ökning av materialets sträckgräns, vid en mer påtaglig åldring det även leda till ett sänkt arbetshårdnande på grund av lokalisering av plastisk töjning i s.k. kanaler/band. Försprödning är en sänkning av materialets brottseghet som en följd av de mikrostrukturella förändringar som sker vid åldring. Arbetet som presenteras i den här avhandlingen har gjorts i syfte till att ta fram ett möjligt ramverk för modellering av låglegerade stål.I Artikel I, används en töjningsgradientbaserad plasticitetsteori för att kunna fånga längdskalebeteenden. Längdskalan i teorin antas vara relaterad till dislokationernas medelfria väg och den förändring den genomgår vid plastisk deformation. Flera utvecklingslagar för längdskalan har analyserats och implementerats i en finita element kod för 2D plan deformation. Denna implementering har använts för att lösa ett testproblem bestående av ren böjning med syfte att undersöka effekterna av utvecklingen hos längdskalan. Alla de utvecklingslagar som presenteras i artikeln ger en minskande längdskala, vilket leder till vad som valt att kallas förlust av icke-lokalitet. Fenomenet leder till ett övergripande mjuknande vid fall där den plastiska töjningsgradienten har stor inverkan på lösningen. Resultaten är i preliminär överenstämmelse med de typer av lokalisering av plastisk töjning som observerats i starkt bestrålade material.I Artikel II utvecklas ett generaliserat spänningsmått i syfte att beskriva klyvbrott, här benämnt effektivt normalspänningsmått. Detta har använts i samband med en icke-lokal svagaste länk modell, som har applicerats på två experimentella studier från den öppna litteraturen i syfte att studera effekterna av det effektiva normalspänningsmåttet. Utöver detta presenteras även nya experiment på ytspruckna provstavar under fyrpunktsböj. I artikeln visas att modellen återskapar sannolikheten för brott för alla undersökta experimentuppställningar, d.v.s. modellen visas vara väl duglig för att överföra brottseghet mellan geometrier.<br><p>QC 20190312</p>
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Degerman, Sofie. "The immortalization process of T cells with focus on the regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-33466.
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Penha, Marcio Rogério. "Percepção de comprimento de linha por mediador tátil em deficientes visuais, videntes vendados e videntes: influências do material do mediador e do plano espacial dos estímulos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-15052015-110702/.
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O presente estudo teve por objetivo obter a constante de Weber da percepção de comprimento de linha através de mediação tátil (bengala) e observar diferenças perceptuais quanto à capacidade visual dos participantes e do material utilizado na confecção dos mediadores táteis. Além disso, comparamos a disposição vertical e horizontal dos estímulos para verificar a ocorrência ou não das ilusões vertical-horizontal e radial-tangencial. Para isso, aplicamos o método dos estímulos constantes e uma escala de categoria em 90 participantes subdivididos em 3 grupos de acordo com a capacidade visual: deficientes visuais, videntes vendados e videntes. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos, o tipo de material e a disposição espacial dos estímulos. Quando comparamos os resultados da constante de Weber para o tato mediado com a constante para o tato ativo, encontramos diferenças estatísticas na maioria das condições experimentais, revelando que o tato mediado é menos sensível que o tato ativo. Os resultados nos levam a concluir que ocorre perda de informação no tato mediado, com importantes implicações para os deficientes visuais que dependem de instrumentos para perceberem o ambiente.<br>The present study aimed to estimate the Weber\'s constant in perception of line length and to verify perceptual differences regarding participants\' visual capacity and the material used in canes. Furthermore, the vertical and horizontal position of stimuli were compared to verify the occurrence of the vertical-horizontal and the radial-tangential illusions. The method of constant stimuli and a category scale were applied to 90 participants divided into 3 groups: visually impaired, blindfolded, and sighted participants. The results showed no significant differences between groups, materials, or stimuli\'s positions. We also found that the Weber\'s constant values for mediated tactual perception were significantly higher than the constant value for active tactual perception for most conditions of the experiment. We concluded that tactual mediation implies in information loss in comparison with direct tactual perception, a fact that has important implications to individuals with visual impairment who depend on tools to better perceive the environment.
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Vakanas, Loizos Petrou 1964. "An integral equation method for the evaluation of the frequency-dependent per unit length inductance and resistance matrices for a uniform multiconductor lossy transmission line system." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277100.
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The problem of electromagnetic field penetration in the finite-resistivity conductors of a uniform, multiple, coupled transmission line system (MTL) is considered. Under the assumption of quasi-transverse electric and magnetic (quasi-TEM) mode of propagation, the problem of determining the per-unit-length resistance and inductance matrices for such MTL systems reduces to solving a quasi-magnetostatic problem. An integral equation for the current density distribution inside the conductors is formulated and solved numerically using the method of moments. From straightforward energy considerations and the current density distribution, the per-unit-length resistance and inductance matrices are calculated. Several microstrip configurations are then analysed and the effects of the geometrical characteristics of the structures on the per-unit-length inductance and resistance matrices, as well as their frequency dependence are investigated.
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Kuo, Chia-Hung. "THE ANALYSIS OF HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS AND SUPPRESSION IN EPILEPTIC SEIZURE DATA." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1396411237.
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McBride, Sean P. "Surface science experiments involving the atomic force microscope." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13459.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Physics<br>Bruce M. Law<br>Three diverse first author surfaces science experiments conducted by Sean P. McBride
1-3 will be discussed in detail and supplemented by secondary co-author projects by Sean P.
McBride, 4-7 all of which rely heavily on the use of an atomic force microscope (AFM).
First, the slip length parameter, b of liquids is investigated using colloidal probe AFM.
The slip length describes how easily a fluid flows over an interface. The slip length, with its exact origin unknown and dependencies not overwhelming decided upon by the scientific
community, remains a controversial topic. Colloidal probe AFM uses a spherical probe attached to a standard AFM imaging tip driven through a liquid. With the force on this colloidal AFM probe known, and using the simplest homologous series of test liquids, many of the suspected causes and dependencies of the slip length demonstrated in the literature can be suppressed or eliminated. This leaves the measurable trends in the slip length attributed only to the systematically varying physical properties of the different liquids.
When conducting these experiments, it was realized that the spring constant, k, of the
system depends upon the cantilever geometry of the experiment and therefore should be
measured in-situ. This means that the k calibration needs to be performed in the same viscous liquid in which the slip experiments are performed. Current in-situ calibrations in viscous fluids are very limited, thus a new in-situ k calibration method was developed for use in viscous fluids. This new method is based upon the residuals, namely, the difference between experimental force-distance data and Vinogradova slip theory.
Next, the AFM’s ability to acquire accurate sub nanometer height profiles of structures
on interfaces was used to develop a novel experimental technique to measure the line tension parameter, τ, of isolated nanoparticles at the three phase interface in a solid-liquid-vapor system. The τ parameter is a result of excess energy caused by the imbalance of the complex intermolecular forces experienced at the three phase contact line. Many differences in the sign and magnitude of the τ parameter exist in the current literature, resulting in τ being a
controversial topic.
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Lager, Hillevi, and Emma Kalin. "Strategisk sortimentsplanering inom hemtextil : En fallstudie av Hemtex babysortiment." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20720.
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Dagens textilbransch karaktäriseras till stor del av snabbt föränderliga trender. Det råder en hård konkurrens på marknaden och kunden besitter i stor utsträckning en god kunskap och en medvetenhet, vilket ställer högre krav på det utbud som företaget erbjuder. Vidare har hemtextilbranschen under de senaste åren präglats av en ökad konkurrensnivå. Flera aktörer så som exempelvis stormarknader, färghandlare och byggvaruhus har utökat sitt sortiment med hemtextil och är därmed med och tävlar om hemtextilkunderna. I denna situation är det viktigt att ha ett välplanerat sortiment eftersom det bland annat speglar företagets affärsidé samt kommunicerar vad affärsidén erbjuder och till vem. Vidare kan en medvetenhet kring sortimentsstrategier användas för att kommunicera rätt image till kunden och dessutom vara ett viktigt konkurrensmedel.Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva hur ett hemtextilföretag bör arbeta med sin sortimentsplanering för att på en strategisk nivå använda sortimentet som ett konkurrensmedel. Vidare ämnar uppsatsen även undersöka hur ett sortiment kan påverka ett hemtextilföretags image.Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ studie av hemtextilföretaget Hemtex med inriktning mot företagets babysortiment. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med en Business area manager på Hemtex, samt potentiella kunder för sortimentet har uppsatsen kartlagt vilka avsikter Hemtex har med babysortimentet samt hur det betraktas ur ett kundperspektiv.Resultatet av studien visar att sortimentets utformning har ett starkt inflytande över hur ett hemtextilföretag betraktas av kunden. Med stöd av den teoretiska referensramen visar studien att de intervjuade kunderna bygger en stor del av sin uppfattning om Hemtex på hur sortimentet är utformat samt hur det presenteras i butik. Slutligen försöker uppsatsen finna konkreta tanke- och tillvägagångssätt som ett hemtextilföretag kan tänkas tillämpa i sin sortimentsstrategi. Bland annat presenteras modeller gällande förhållningssätt för sortimentets utformning, vilka analyseras utefter fallföretagets förutsättningar. Studien visar att Hemtex nuvarande sortimentsstrategi gynnat babysortimentet. Företagets strategi att hålla sortimentet renodlat, med färre produktvarianter, visar sig vara god då de genom detta kan minimera produktionskostnaderna och hålla ett lägre pris. Slutsatsen blir att Hemtex i sin sortimentsstrategi bör eftersträva att bevara och förstärka sin image som ett företag som tillhandahåller prisvärda produkter.The current textile industry is highly characterized by rapidly shifting trends. The market involves a high level of competition as well as consumers who possess a lot of knowledge about the products. These elements increase the demands on what a company is required to offer. Today’s home textile market has also increased its level of competition since many more companies, such as supermarkets, paint dealers and builders’ merchants are expanding their assortments to include textile products. In these circumstances a well-planned assortment is very important since it reflects the company’s business concept. The assortment communicates what is involved in the business concept and the target audience. A company may then use an awareness of different assortment strategies to communicate the right image to the appropriate audience. This may also be used as an important competitive weapon.The purpose of this essay is to describe how a home textile company can use assortment strategies in order to use their product-mix as a competitive device. This paper also intends to investigate how a company´s image will be affected by the assortment. This essay is based upon a qualitative study of the home textiles company Hemtex, with a focus towards the company´s Baby assortment. This study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with a Business Area Manager at Hemtex and a number of potential customers within the category of baby products. With the information gained from the interviews, the essay has mapped out how the Baby assortment is regarded from a customer´s perspective. The result of the study identifies that assortment strategies have a strong affect on a consumer´s perception of a home textile company. With support from the theoretical framework the study shows how the interviewed consumers build a significant part of their opinion about Hemtex upon the design and presentation of the assortment. In the final chapter of the essay, it attempts to find concrete strategies for planning and implementing favorable assortment strategies. Theoretical models relating to assortment design are evaluated according to the conditions of Hemtex. The study shows that the company´s baby assortment has performed better since implementing the present strategy. Keeping the baby assortment refined, with a smaller range of varieties, has proven to be a well-suited strategy. This is particularly important since the customers place a strong emphasis on good value for money. The conclusion is that Hemtex should strive to maintain and further strengthen their image as a company that provides a product worth its price.<br>Program: Textilekonomutbildningen
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Carlos, Francisco. "The Prevalence of Maxillary Altered Passive Eruption in a Dental School Population." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2197.
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AIM: The aim of this investigation is to determine the prevalence of maxillary altered passive eruption in a dental school population. METHODS: 100 subjects were examined clinically and had models fabricated of their maxilla. Demographic, periodontal, cast measurements were recorded for each subject. Demographic variables recorded included age, gender, and ethnicity, history of orthodontic treatment, presence of incisal /occlusal wear, appearance of gingival excess, and presence of gingival asymmetry. Measurements made on cast included clinical crown length, clinical crown width, papillary height, and distance from the lateral gingival zenith to the gingival aesthetic line. Clinical crown width-to-length ratio was calculated. These measurements were compared to previously published standards. RESULTS: 83% of the subjects had central incisors with a clinical W:L ratio greater than .80. Logistical regression analysis determined that subjects with central incisors with an appearance of gingival excess were more likely to have a clinical W:L ratio greater than .80 (P<.0007; OR=79). ANOVA demonstrated that clinical crown length had a statistically significant relationship with gender (P<.0001), tooth type (P<.0001) and biotype (P<0.0026). Clinical crown width and clinical crown W:L ratio had a statistically significant relationship with gender (P<0.0007, P<.0001) and tooth type (P<0.0026, P<.0001). The average clinical crown length was 0.5-1.5 mm shorter than established ideal measurements. CONCLUSION: 83% of the subject population had central incisors that displayed altered passive eruption. Subjects who exceeded the clinical W:L ratio of .80 were more likely to have been classified as having the appearance of gingival excess or “gummy smile”. Esthetic crown lengthening should be considered to achieve desired esthetics in these subjects.
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Beny, Cedric. "Monte Carlo Study of the Magnetic Flux Lattice Fluctuations in High-Tc Superconductors." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1222.
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By allowing to measure the magnetic field distribution inside a material, muon spin rotation experiments have the potential to provide valuable information about microscopic properties of high-temperature superconductors. Nevertheless, information about the intrinsic superconducting properties of the material is masked by random thermal and static fluctuations of the magnetic field which penetrates the material in the form of vortices of quantized magnetic flux. A good understanding of the fluctuations of those vortices is needed for the correct determination of intrinsic properties, notably the coherence length ξ, and the field penetration depth λ. We develop a simulation based on the Metropolis algorithm in order to understand the effect, on the magnetic field distribution, of disorder- and thermally-induced fluctuations of the vortex lattice inside a layered superconductor. <br /><br /> Our model correctly predicts the melting temperatures of the YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6. 95</sub> (YBCO) superconductor but largely underestimates the observed entropy jump. Also we failed to simulate the high field disordered phase, possibly because of a finite size limitation. In addition, we found our model unable to describe the first-order transition observed in the highly anisotropic Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8+<em>y</em></sub>. <br /><br /> Our model predicts that for YBCO, the effect of thermal fluctuations on the field distribution is indistinguishable from a change in ξ. It also confirms the usual assumption that the effect of static fluctuations at low temperature can be efficiently modeled by convolution of the field distribution with a Gaussian function. However the extraction of ξ at low fields requires a very high resolution of the field distribution because of the low vortex density.
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Jansson, Ulrika. "Forest edges in boreal landscapes - factors affecting edge influence." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-21664.
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Christensen, My, and Johanna Pihlgren. "Typografiska riktlinjer och textframställning för smartphones." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-10724.
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Idag använder allt fler människor sina smartphones för att surfa och använda tjänster online. Detta innebär att en stor del text läses på små skärmar. Detta arbete handlar om hur text bäst utformas och struktureras för att enklast kunna läsas och uppfattas på en mobilskärm. Faktorer som berörs är typgrad, ljusrum, textlängd, teckensnittsklass, radlängd, bild i text och kontrastverkan. Arbetet utgår från en normativ, svensk person utan funktionsnedsättningar. Arbetet är grundat på litteratur, egna analyser, intervjuer med branschfolk, enkätundersökning och test med fokusgrupp. Resultatet blev att en text på smartphone bäst utformas med flera styckesindelningar i form av blankrader, med bilder där bilden tillför något i informativt syfte och textlängd baserat på ämneskategori. Bilden bör sättas ovanför brödtexten. Längre texter ska sättas med scrollfunktion. Kontrast har stor betydelse på mobiltelefoner, texter går bra att läsa även när de är satta negativt. Teckensnittsklass är enligt resultatet av denna rapport inte av betydelse. Både seriff och sanserif kan läsas utan problem på smartphones. Typgraden bör förstoras något i förhållande till telefonens default-inställningar. På grund av att text på skärm inte stödjer avstavningar rekommenderas korta ord där det är möjligt för att förhindra en allt för hackig högerkant.<br>This research focuses on the issue of how to best structure text on a Smartphone screen. The factors involved in this research are text size, white space, text and line lengths, serif and sans serif fonts, pictures in text and contrast. The methodology of our research is based on a normative Swedish able-bodied person, as well as on relevant literature, personal analyses, interviews with people in the trade, an online survey, and a test performed with a focus group. The results are that a text written for Smartphones is best structured with: several paragraph divisions made with blank lines, with pictures where the picture has an informational purpose, and text length based on category of subject. The picture should be placed above the body text. Longer texts should be set with a scroll-function. Contrast is of great importance on mobile phones as texts can be read properly even when set in negative. In addition, using serif or sans serif is of no importance. According to the results both serif and sans serif can be read without difficulties on a Smartphone. Text size should be slightly enlarged in relation to the default settings on the mobile device. Since word division is not supported on screen, short words are recommended when possible to prevent a highly uneven right end.
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Peková, Pavla. "MORAVSKÉ VINAŘSKÉ CENTRUM BRNO." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354990.
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This diploma thesis gives a proposal for a new Moravian wine center in the city center of Brno. Wine center is situated on the street Hlinka, where grapevines were planted in the Middle Ages. Demarcated land is narrow and elongated sloping towards to the south and connects the Yellow hills and the Brno Exhibition Centre. The main idea of this thesis is connect these two significant locations and offer the visitor a free passage along the entire length of the complex. Also main building Moravian Wine Centre reflects this fact and it expands the space of the street stalls and forms it into overgrown "arcade". The house is opened into this space - with glazed facade of the first two floors or with transmission into the rear wing. The main building consist of the cellar, where it is located wellness, winehouse, rentable wine boxes and tasting room connected with wine production. The rest of floors are designed for wine gallery, information center, reception, shop, restaurant, conference center and hotel. There is a café with roof terrace in the last floor. It offers a magnificent view into cityscape of Brno, Brno Exhibition Centre and the Yellow slope of the hill. There is designed a pond for relaxation in the courtyard. Nearby is situated Wine Institute building with facilities for making wine. In the second half of the land are located three blocks of luxury apartments in the middle of a vineyard. A leading construction is the most striking feature of the facade that reminds bougainvillea vines with vaulted arches wine cellars and attracts at first sight.
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Hsieh, Tsung-Yu, and 謝宗諭. "Characteristics of Variable Link-Length Suspension System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6nkvtk.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>車輛工程系所<br>101<br>In this paper, variable link-length suspension system is proposed to improve anti-roll performance of vehicle. The independent suspension mechanisms including Double-Wishbone type, Macpherson Strut type, and multi-link type, usually used in general passenger cars and this paper only builds variable link-length suspension system for multi-link suspension (Double-Wishbone type and Macpherson Strut type). The quarter-car and half-car geometry model of variable link-length suspension system are built using suspension derivative method. By using this method this study can find suspension characteristics, such as camber angle, toe angle, steering offset, and roll center location and also the effects of variable link-length on suspension characteristics. Finally, the analysis results are verified with simulation of ADAMS/Car software.
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Chandra, Shailesh. "Enhancing Livability with Feeder Transit Services: Formulation and Solutions to First/Last Mile Connectivity Problem." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11560.
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This dissertation begins with proposing a novel street Connectivity Indicator (C.I.) to predict transit performance by identifying the role that street network connectivity plays in influencing the service quality of demand responsive feeder transit services. This new C.I. definition is dependent upon the expected shortest path between any two nodes in the network, includes spatial features with transit demand distribution information and is easy to calculate for any given service area. Subsequently, a methodology to identify and locate critical links within a grid street system for operating feeder transit services is also developed. A 'critical' street link causes the largest change in transit performance due to the link's removal or addition to an existing network. The most important contribution of this section on link criticality is to present a simple closed-form analytical formula in locating the critical link(s) for a grid street network system of 'any' size. Easily computable formulas have been provided and validated by simulation analyses. Another related model is proposed to compute the optimal grid street spacing that would enhance performance of a demand responsive feeder transit system. The model is tested using simulation. Lastly, an analytical model is also developed for estimating optimal service cycle length or headway of a demand responsive feeder transit service designed to serve passengers, especially during peak periods of demand.
Simulation analyses over a range of networks have been conducted to validate the new C.I. definition. Results show a desirable monotonic relationship between transit performance and the proposed C.I., whose values are directly proportional and therefore good predictors of the transit performance, outperforming other available indicators, typically used by planners. Further, useful insights indicate a monotonic decrease in link criticality as we depart from the centrally located links to those located at boundaries. Using a real case example from Denver of the Call-n-Ride system operating similar to a demand responsive feeder transit, optimal cycle lengths differed very modestly from those computed using the model. Extensive simulations performed for different sets of feeder service areas and demand densities, further validated the optimal cycle length model.
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Chang, Yuan Chih, and 張淵智. "DVB-H Link Layer Receiver with Fixed Length IP Datagrams." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z2xcej.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>電腦與通訊研究所<br>100<br>The purpose of this study is to improve the efficacy of the Link Layer Receiver specified in the Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H) standard. Since no decoding method for Link Layer is regulated in the DVB-H standard, we proposed two solutions: IP Datagram Fixed Transport Stream Erasure Decapsulation (IP-Fixed-TSED) and IP Datagram Fixed Transport Stream Error and Erasure Decapsulation (IP-Fixed-TSEED). To remedy the lack of a proper Section Header in the TS Packet, IP packets with fixed length can significantly increase the proportion of correct information. Uniform Channel and Markov Channel were used to simulate the performance of the two approaches. Which kind of Decapsulation may achieve the best performance is also discussed.
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Chen, Yi-Ting, and 陳奕廷. "Dynamic Analysis and Application of Variable Link-Length Suspension System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57cs7m.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>車輛工程系所<br>102<br>This study analyzes the motions of independent suspension mechanism including Double-Wishbone type, Macpherson Strut type, and multi-link type. Improving the anti-roll performance of vehicle in high-speed skid condition, the variable link-length suspension system is developed in this paper such that the roll angle could be reduced in cornering maneuvers. The half-car geometry model with variable link-length suspension system is built using suspension derivative method. The roll center location of vehicle is then derived with different k values which represent the relationship between the roll angle of vehicle and the elongation of variable link-length suspension system. Finally, the analyzed results are verified by simulation of ADAMS/Car software
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Li, Chien-Hung, and 李健弘. "Studying of Branch-Line Couplers with Unequal Length." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40455521750135019865.
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Ho, Hao-ping, and 何浩平. "Dual-band branch-line coupler with unequal length." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95bzxg.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>通訊工程學系<br>102<br>The designed dual-band branch-line couplers with unequal lengths based on three design equations of conventional branch-line coupler. This thesis analyzed the performance of the second designated frequency by adjusting the electrical lengths and impedances on main lines and branch lines. In order to miniaturize the size of circuit, we proposed the T-shaped and resonator structures on branch lines of the designed couplers. The resonator structure only occupies 45% of the circuit area compared to the conventional dual-band coupler design.
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Cho, Kuo-cheng, and 卓國程. "Studying of Unequal Power Branch-Line Couplers with Unequal Length." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34592142544161567729.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>資訊電機工程碩士在職專班<br>99<br>Abstract
The application of Branch-Line Coupler in communication system field is tremendous as well as it has characteristics of phase variation and power distribution; thus two kinds of unequal power Branch-Line couplers with unequal length are proposed in this article. The first structure is a unequal power Branch-Line couplers with unequal length of 4dB; and the second type is that of a 5dB. Both two types of the unequal power Branch-Line couplers with unequal length as stated above come with characteristics of power distribution. The working band of unequal power Branch-Line couplers with unequal length in design is at 0.9GHz by using FR4 glass fiber double-sided board with designing parameters of (tanδ= 0.022 εr = 4.7 ; metal thickness = 0.02mm ; thickness=0.8mm).
Utilizing Sonnet simulator in simulating the circuit and measured by network analyzer, finally compare the data result of the simulated circuit of its S11 vs. S41≦-15dB；the phase variation of S21-S31conforms to 90°± 1°; and if the output power of S21-S31 turns out to have characteristics of unequal power distribution in proportion.
In this article, the advantages of two unequal power Branch-Line couplers with unequal length of 4dB and 5dB were found not only have the characteristics of power distribution, but also their linewidth are apparently much wider than that of the 3dB''s that it is able to accomplish the circuit without using lumped element and jumper, which is broadly used in the microwave circuit system.
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Hsu, Chih-Chen, and 徐智禎. "Design of Microwave Filter Using Equal-Length Line and Embedded Structure." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48936939176454657798.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>96<br>Microwave band-stop filter is able to filter a given transmitted signal, but its rate of cutoff will affect the degree of signal filtering. In this thesis, we propose a new embedded two-section open-circuited band-stop filter. In this structure, the rate of cutoff is sharper than conventional microstrip line shunted with open stub; moreover, its bandwidth is also narrower. The desired bandwidth of band-stop filter can be obtained by controlling the embedded two-section open stub.
Besides, we propose the chain-scattering parameters of equal-length three-section open stub in Z-domain, and then we design a discrete-time low-pass filter using three-section structure and the well-developed two-section open stub. Its performance is better than the conventional low-pass filter using frequency-domain method. Finally, we apply the embedded two-section open stub to the Chebyshev type II low-pass filter to improve its rate of cutoff. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the validity of this design method.
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ZHANG, WEN-ZHE, and 張文哲. "A study of optimal line extension length of mass rapid transit." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29842351445505020721.
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Yedlapalli, Satya Sudhakar. "The Line Spectral Frequency Model Of A Finite Length Sequence And Its Applications." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1262.
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Anggono, Nikita, and 洪志忠. "Simulation Modeling and Analysis of Line Length and Batch Size in Footwear Factory." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75396328750502053092.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>工業管理系<br>101<br>In footwear manufacturing, factories tend to maintain their production lines at a certain length. Various considerations are put into the design of a factory, but line length is perceived more as a customary setting since it is tightly related to order size, space availability, and machine requirement. However, even when they can opt for different production length (e.g. when they are planning for a facility whose order are smaller than the usual, or vice versa), using different line length is not seen as a necessary or even a viable option.
This study aims to look into the effects of production line length on the overall performance of a production facility. In addition, aspects which may influence the overall performance of footwear production facility at different lengths will also be investigated. These factors include the size of transfer batch among production areas, different shoes styles, and different levels of variation in the processing time. Experimenting with real factories is not possible, mainly due to cost and the fact that different lengths are found in different, competing companies. Gathering data from these companies is also not a viable option since each factory produces different types or styles of shoes. To accommodate fair comparison using equal shoe styles, a simulation model was built based on a length-switch-enabled projection of real facility. The development and validation of the model was done in cooperation with production experts from Asian-based footwear factories. It was learned from the result of the simulation that line length has an impact on production. Through this result, different manners of impact were discovered in a diverse manufacturing condition. These impacts also vary among different areas in the production facility.
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Tsai, Chih-Jen, and 蔡智仁. "Failure Analysis of A Rectangular Plate with Finite Length Subjected by A Line Load." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15231707405378179604.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>87<br>In this these, Finite Element Method is used to analyze the different influence between the line load and the distribution load on cracked specimen. Material properties are assumed isotropic and to obey the linear-elastic Fracture Mechanics. Stress Intensity Factors around the crack tips are determined for various plate lengths as well as various plate widths. The line load and the distributed load are applied to these cases separately. The significant differences between different load types are discussed. The role of plate length in SIF is examined. The SIF around cracks in non-parallel plates is studied also.
The crack interactions are studied for the T shaped cracks and the crossed cracks.
The crack patch effect is simulated in this these as well. The best patch position and the best patch angle are investigated.
The line load is more likely to be seen in industry than the distributed load. While most of the previous literatures discussed the distributed load, the line load didn’t receive the enough notice. This these, emphasizing the influence of the line load, intend to bridge up the gap between the academic study and the industrial application in this area.
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"A novel link buffer size and queue length estimation algorithm and its application on bandwidth-varying mobile data networks." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549031.
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隋著移動數據網絡的迅速發展，世界各地部署著不同制式的3G，HSPA和LTE網絡，這給移動互聯網應用帶來新的機遇和挑戰。不像他們的對手, 有線網絡，移動數據網絡有較長的延遲，較高的包率，以及急劇波動的頻寬。為了應付這些挑戰，移動無線基站往往配備較大的緩衝區（KBs以至數百多MBs），以吸收短期的頻寬波動，並促進鏈路層重傳。然而，由於大部分互聯網協議，並特別是TCP，全都假設路由器只擁有較小緩衝區，所以在移動網絡的大型緩衝區下，往往導致TCP展現出次優的性能。本論文解決兩個根本性的問題來克服這一項挑戰。首先，我們開發了一種新算法 (SoD）專門來估計網絡的鏈路緩衝區的大小和隊列長度。在今天的3G移動數據網絡，本文以大量網絡數據驅動的模擬結果證明 SoD 表現優於現有的算法，如 Max-min 和 Loss-pair。另外，我們採用 SoD算法來創造新的TCP擁塞控制模塊以解決移動網絡的大型緩衝區以及的頻寬波動問題。這個新的TCP變種，稱為 TCP- QA，在模擬情況以及移動數據網絡下均表現出大大優於現有的TCP變種，包括TCP CUBIC ，TCP Vegas，TCP Westwood，和FAST TCP。<br>The rapidly emerging mobile data networks fueled by the world-wide deployment of 3G, HSPA, and LTE networks created new opportunities and challenges for developing mobile Internet applications. Unlike their wired counterpart, mobile data networks are known to exhibit longer delay, higher packet loss rate, and rapidly fluctuating bandwidth. To tackle these challenges mobile radio base stations are often equipped with large buffers (from hundreds of KBs to multi-MBs) to absorb short-term bandwidth fluctuations and to facilitate link-layer retransmissions. However as most Internet protocols in general, and TCP in particular, were designed with the assumption of small router buffer size, the large buffer in mobile networks can and do interact, often negatively, with the Internet protocols, leading to sub-optimal performance. This work tackles two fundamental problems in overcoming this challenge. First, we developed a novel Sum-of-Delays (SoD) algorithm specifically designed to estimate the link buffer size and queue length of bandwidth-varying networks. Extensive trace-driven simulation results showed that SoD outperforms existing algorithms such as max-min and loss-pair by orders of magnitude in today’s 3G mobile data networks. Second, we apply the SoD algorithm to TCP’s congestion control module to incorporate and compensate for the mobile network’s large buffer size. This new TCP variant, called TCP-Queue-length-Adaptive (TCP-QA), substantially outperforms existing TCP variants including TCP CUBIC, TCP Vegas, TCP Westwood, and FAST TCP.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Chan, Chi Fung.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Abstracts also in Chinese.<br>Abstract --- p.ii<br>摘要 --- p.iii<br>Acknowledgements --- p.iv<br>Contents --- p.v<br>Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter Chapter 2 --- Background and Related Work --- p.5<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Link Buffer Size Estimation --- p.6<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Queue Length Estimation --- p.8<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Performance over Fixed Networks --- p.10<br>Chapter 2.4 --- Performance over Bandwidth-Varying Networks --- p.15<br>Chapter Chapter 3 --- Sum-Of-Delay Method --- p.19<br>Chapter Chapter 4 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.22<br>Chapter 4.1 --- Link Buffer Size Estimation in Fixed Bandwidth Networks --- p.23<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Link Buffer Size Estimation in Variable Bandwidth Networks --- p.25<br>Chapter 4.3 --- Queue Length Estimation in Fixed Bandwidth Networks --- p.28<br>Chapter 4.4 --- Queue Length Estimation in Variable Bandwidth Networks --- p.31<br>Chapter 4.5 --- Convergence --- p.34<br>Chapter 4.6 --- Limitations in Passive Estimation --- p.40<br>Chapter Chapter 5 --- Impact of Competing Traffic --- p.42<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Simulation Setup --- p.42<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Link Buffer Size Estimation --- p.44<br>Chapter 5.3 --- Queue Length Estimation --- p.50<br>Chapter 5.4 --- Discussions --- p.54<br>Chapter Chapter 6 --- TCP-Queue-Length-Adaptive (TCP-QA) --- p.56<br>Chapter 6.1 --- Challenges in Mobile Networks --- p.57<br>Chapter 6.2 --- Queue-Length-Adaptive Congestion Control --- p.59<br>Chapter 6.3 --- Performance Comparisons --- p.65<br>Chapter Chapter 7 --- Summary and Future Work --- p.76<br>Bibliography --- p.78
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Schroeder, Kirsten J. "An analysis of transfer effects among the continua of line length, dot density, and proportion." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/24108.
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Lin, Ching-Chieh, and 林慶杰. "Miniaturization of transmission line with arbitrary length and its applications to compact Wilkinson power dividers." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5bcn63.
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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>電子工程系碩士班<br>105<br>A design of miniaturization of transmission line with arbitrary length in this article. And, it apply to Wilkinson power dividers. Wilkinson power dividers are widely used to split the power in many communication systems due to the low insertion loss and greatly high isolation between the two output ports [1].The quarter wave-wavelength transmission lines are necessary parts of traditional Wilkinson power dividers, but they also occupy the large circuit area. This thesis is presented a method by means of replacing quarter-wavelength transmission line by the T-network transmission line. According to reference [2], the spur line’s matrix can be listed. And, let the T-network transmission line equivalent to the spur line. The structure is composed of four sets of spur lines and open-ended stubs. The open-ended stub can modify it into a transmission line with the same feature but with different type. A compact power divider that occupies 95% area of that a traditional power divider is designed. Based on a 15 dB return-loss criterion, the measured FBW is 54.57%. At 1.0 GHz, the insertion losses are -3.38 dB, the input return loss is -27.65 dB and the isolation is lower than -25 dB. The main advantages of this miniaturized technique are its compact size, simple design procedure, low cost and not complex circuit layout.
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"Investigating Transient Overvoltage Produced by Switching Action on Long Transmission Lines and Its Effect on Substations." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.51756.
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abstract: Switching surges are a common type of phenomenon that occur on any sort of power system network. These are more pronounced on long transmission lines and in high voltage substations. The problem with switching surges is encountered when a lot of power is transmitted across a transmission line/network, typically from a concentrated generation node to a concentrated load. The problem becomes significantly worse when the transmission line is long and when the voltage levels are high, typically above 400 kV. These overvoltage transients occur following any type of switching action such as breaker operation, fault occurrence/clearance and energization, and they pose a very real danger to weakly interconnected systems. At EHV levels, the insulation coordination of such lines is mainly dictated by the peak level of switching surges, the most dangerous of which include three phase line energization and single-phase reclosing. Switching surges can depend on a number of independent and inter-dependent factors like voltage level, line length, tower construction, location along the line, and presence of other equipment like shunt/series reactors and capacitors.
This project discusses the approaches taken and methods applied to observe and tackle the problems associated with switching surges on a long transmission line. A detailed discussion pertaining to different aspects of switching surges and their effects is presented with results from various studies published in IEEE journals and conference papers. Then a series of simulations are presented to determine an arrangement of substation equipment with respect to incoming transmission lines; that correspond to the lowest surge levels at that substation.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2018
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Beyer, Benjamin. "Genetic Improvement of Upper Half Mean Length and Short Fiber Content in Upland Cotton, Gosspium hirsutum." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11765.
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Desired base upper half mean length (UHML) of upland cotton (G. hirsutum) in the U.S. has been set a 27.0 mm and is shorter than the standard set by the international community. Upland cotton genotypes from China, South Africa, West Africa, and the U.S. were test crossed to an extra long staple upland (ELSU) and a short staple upland (SSU) and selected genotypes that included both ELSU and MSU phenotypes were crossed in a half-diallel mating scheme to estimate general combing ability (GCA) effects and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was established to determine the narrow sense heritability (h^2) of AFIS short fiber content by weight (SFCw) and lower half mean length (LHML) and to estimate SFCw using HVI fiber properties.
Obsolete cultivars from China are not likely sources for UHML improvement, cultivars from Africa and the U.S. could harbor alleles not being used in current elite short staple cultivars or modern ELSU cultivars. Two ELSU lines used in this study derived through interspecific hybridization with G. barbadense could contain alleles for UHML improvement in modern ELSU cultivars developed without any apparent G. barbadense introgression. A third line D&PL 45-867, might contain alleles for UHML improvement in long staple upland cotton genotypes.
Narrow sense heritability estimates indicated a much higher heritability of LHML than AFIS SFCw. Correlation between AFIS SFCw and LHML did not agree with previous studies when using an ELSU X MSU cross. Further study is needed to understand this complex relationship.
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Askree, Syed Hussain Mehdi. "Identification of >150 novel genes that affect telomere length and discovery of a link between vitamin B6 salvage and telomere metabolism." 2005. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/askree%5Fsyed%5Fh%5F200512%5Fphd.
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Chen, Kuo-Lung, and 陳國龍. "The Applications of Nonuniform Equal-Length Coupled-Serial-Shunt Transmission-Line and Z Transform Techniques to Microwave Signal Processing." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74337112036945914563.
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博士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>92<br>ABSTRACT
In this thesis, we propose an approach to design and implement networks with capability of being microwave filters and differentiators. The basic idea is to form the networks by cascading serial and shunt transmission-line sections of unit electrical length. At first, we developed the formulations of transfer function of transmission-lines configurations that are cast in the Z domain for six fundamental elements. In other words, the characteristic of each element is represented by the chain scattering parameters in the Z domain. A synthesis approach making using of discrete-time process (DSP) techniques and optimization algorithm is proposed to implement circuit in the field of microwave engineers.
The design phase begins with the adoption of a discrete-time filter or differentiator that satisfies the prescribed specifications. Based on the system function of the discrete-time filter or differentiator, we can determine the pattern of the network according to specific rules and begin the implementation phase. The stub-related zeros of the transfer function of the network are then moved to the denominator of the system function of the discrete-time filter or differentiator, and both functions are transformed into auto-regressive (AR) processes. The implementation phase is finally finished by using optimization methods to tune the values of the characteristic impedances of each transmission-line sections so that the coefficients describing both AR processes are as close to each other as possible in the minimum-square-error sense. This final step promises that the character of the transfer function of the network will follow that of the system function of the adopted
discrete-time filter or differentiator.
To provide validation of the proposed approach, two types of filters and two types of differentiators, namely, wide-band band-pass filter, narrow-band band-stop filter, first-order and second-order microwave differentiator, are implemented by using microstrip lines. The scattering parameters of the entire network are measured and compared with the ideal values to corroborate the approach in this thesis.
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Plante-Hebert, Julien. "L’effet de la familiarité sur l’identification des locuteurs : pour un perfectionnement de la parade vocale." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11890.
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La présente étude porte sur les effets de la familiarité dans l’identification d’individus en situation de parade vocale. La parade vocale est une technique inspirée d’une procédure paralégale d’identification visuelle d’individus. Elle consiste en la présentation de plusieurs voix avec des aspects acoustiques similaires définis selon des critères reconnus dans la littérature. L’objectif principal de la présente étude était de déterminer si la familiarité d’une voix dans une parade vocale peut donner un haut taux d’identification correcte (> 99 %) de locuteurs. Cette étude est la première à quantifier le critère de familiarité entre l’identificateur et une personne associée à « une voix-cible » selon quatre paramètres liés aux contacts (communications) entre les individus, soit la récence du contact (à quand remonte la dernière rencontre avec l’individu), la durée et la fréquence moyenne du contact et la période pendant laquelle avaient lieu les contacts.
Trois différentes parades vocales ont été élaborées, chacune contenant 10 voix d’hommes incluant une voix-cible pouvant être très familière; ce degré de familiarité a été établi selon un questionnaire. Les participants (identificateurs, n = 44) ont été sélectionnés selon leur niveau de familiarité avec la voix-cible. Toutes les voix étaient celles de locuteurs natifs du franco-québécois et toutes avaient des fréquences fondamentales moyennes similaires à la voix-cible (à un semi-ton près). Aussi, chaque parade vocale contenait des énoncés variant en longueur selon un nombre donné de syllabes (1, 4, 10, 18 syll.). Les résultats démontrent qu’en contrôlant le degré de familiarité et avec un énoncé de 4 syllabes ou plus, on obtient un taux d’identification avec une probabilité exacte d’erreur de p < 1 x 10-12. Ces taux d’identification dépassent ceux obtenus actuellement avec des systèmes automatisés.<br>The present study deals with the effects of familiarity on speaker identification in the context of voice line-ups. The voice line-up is a paralegal technique, inspired by a visual identification procedure. The voice line-up consists in presenting a number of voices sharing similar acoustic parameters as specified in established procedures. The main objective was to determine if the familiarity of a voice could lead to a high rate of correct identification (> 99 %). Our study is the first to quantify the familiarity criterion linking an identifier and a « target voice ». The quantification was based on four parameters bearing on the degree of contact between individuals: recency, frenquency, duration, and the period during which the contact occurred.
Three different voice line-ups were elaborated, each containing 10 voices, including one target voice which was well known by the identifier according to a questionnaire that served to quantify familiarity. Participants (identifiers, n = 44) were selected on the basis of their familiarity with the target voice. The speakers used in the voice line-ups were native speakers of Quebec French and all presented voices had similar fundamental frequencies (to within one semitone). In each line-up we used utterances of 4 different lengths (1, 4, 10, and 18 syll.). The results show that by controlling the familiarity criterion, a correct identification rate of a 100 % is obtained with an exact error probability of p < 1 x 10-12.These rates are superior to current automatic systems of voice identification.
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Camilo, Rúben Filipe Xavier. "Projeto e modelação de linhas elétricas de média e alta tensão até 60Kv." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/35683.
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A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como principal objetivo, o desenvolvimento de um projeto de uma linha aérea de alta tensão 60 kV, efetuando-se o estudo das metodologias, cálculos e dimensionamentos de acordo com as diretrizes da EDP-Distribuição, do regulamento de segurança de linhas elétricas de alta tensão (RSLEAT) e utilizando critérios de projetista.
Foi ainda desenvolvida uma aplicação implementada em ambiente de simulação Matlab, com o intuito de sistematizar o cálculo e projetos futuros. Esta aplicação permite também efetuar o estudo do comportamento das flechas das catenárias em função da variação da temperatura ambiente e do respetivo comprimento de vão. Estes modelos foram sustentados com base num projeto real, o qual consiste numa linha aérea de transporte de energia elétrica com um comprimento de 16.1 km, uma potência de transporte de 38 MVA e com uma tensão de transporte de 60 kV. Este projeto foi estabelecido tendo por base no regulamento de segurança de linhas elétricas de alta tensão, cumprindo todos os requisitos técnicos relativamente às localizações dos apoios, distâncias mínimas exigidas para as estruturas e para o meio envolvente.<br>The main objective of this master's thesis is the development of a high-voltage 60 kV overhead power line project, carrying out its study of methodologies, calculations and performing dimensioning according to EDP-Distribuição guidelines, high-voltage power line safety regulation (RSLEAT) and using designer criteria.
An application was also developed and implemented in Matlab simulation environment, with the purpose of systematizing the calculation and future projects. This application allows the study of the behaviour of overhead catenaries sags, according to the variation of the ambient temperature and the respective span length.
These models were supported based on a real project, which consists of an overhead power line with a length of 16.1 km, a transport power of 38 MVA and a transport voltage of 60 kV, this project was established based on the safety regulations for high voltage power lines, fulfilling all the technical requirements regarding the locations of the supports, minimum distances required for the structures and the surrounding environment.