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1

Ellis, T. H., L. Turner, R. P. Hellens, D. Lee, C. L. Harker, C. Enard, C. Domoney, and D. R. Davies. "Linkage maps in pea." Genetics 130, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 649–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/130.3.649.

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Abstract We have analyzed segregation patterns of markers among the late generation progeny of several crosses of pea. From the patterns of association of these markers we have deduced linkage orders. Salient features of these linkages are discussed, as is the relationship between the data presented here and previously published genetic and cytogenetic data.
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2

Neil, Martin, and Richard Bache. "Data linkage maps." Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice 5, no. 3 (1993): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smr.4360050304.

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3

Gibson, Jane, William Tapper, Weihua Zhang, Newton Morton, and Andrew Collins. "Cosmopolitan linkage disequilibrium maps." Human Genomics 2, no. 1 (2005): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-7364-2-1-20.

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4

White, R., M. Leppert, P. O'Connell, Y. Nakamura, T. Holm, G. M. Lathrop, and J. M. Lalouel. "Linkage Maps of Human Genes." Pediatrics International 29, no. 4 (August 1987): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1987.tb02224.x.

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5

White, Ray, Jean-Marc Lalouel, Mark Leppert, Mark Lathrop, Yusuke Nakamura, and Peter O'Connell. "Linkage maps of human chromosomes." Genome 31, no. 2 (January 15, 1989): 1066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-183.

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Finding the chromosomal location of human genes that heretofore have been defined solely by phenotypes, in particular clinical phenotypes that are transmitted in Mendelian fashion in families, is an early and often crucial step in the process of identifying the molecular basis of a disease. Recent progress in construction of chromosomal maps of genetically linked DNA markers has made almost the entire human genome accessible to linkage studies in families that are segregating genetic defects. Construction of linkage maps requires a panel of three-generation families for genotyping, a large number of polymorphic markers, and sophisticated computer programs for analysis of genotypic data. After a locus harboring a deleterious mutation has been identified by linkage to a mapped marker, a high-resolution map of the region can be constructed with new markers derived from cosmid libraries, to narrow the search for the gene in question. For example, this strategy has been pursued in the effort to characterize the gene responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis. When a target region has been narrowed to about 1 centiMorgan, corresponding to roughly a million base pairs in physical distance, other techniques of molecular biology can be brought to bear to isolate and clone the actual gene.Key words: genetic linkage, chromosome maps, DNA markers, chromosome 17, chromosome 10, genetic disease, familial adenomatous polyposis.
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6

Jansen, J., A. G. de Jong, and J. W. van Ooijen. "Constructing dense genetic linkage maps." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 102, no. 6-7 (May 2001): 1113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220000489.

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7

Keats, Bronya J. B., Stephanie L. Sherman, Newton E. Morton, Elizabeth B. Robson, Kenneth H. Buetow, Peter E. Cartwright, Aravinda Chakravarti, Uta Francke, Philip P. Green, and Jurg Ott. "Guidelines for human linkage maps An International System for Human Linkage Maps (ISLM, 1990)." Annals of Human Genetics 55, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1991.tb00392.x.

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8

Keats, Bronya J. B., Stephanie L. Sherman, Newton E. Morton, Elizabeth B. Robson, Kenneth H. Buetow, Peter E. Cartwright, Aravinda Chakravarti, Uta Francke, Philip P. Green, and Jurg Ott. "Guidelines for human linkage maps: An international system for human linkage maps (ISLM, 1990)." Genomics 9, no. 3 (March 1991): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(91)90426-f.

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9

Klinga Levan, K., and F. Ståhl. "Integrated linkage maps in the rat." Transplantation Proceedings 31, no. 3 (May 1999): 1544–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00031-7.

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10

Jorgenson, Eric, Hua Tang, Maya Gadde, Mike Province, Mark Leppert, Sharon Kardia, Nicholas Schork, et al. "Ethnicity and Human Genetic Linkage Maps." American Journal of Human Genetics 76, no. 2 (February 2005): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/427926.

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11

Zhang, W., A. Collins, N. Maniatis, W. Tapper, and N. E. Morton. "Properties of linkage disequilibrium (LD) maps." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, no. 26 (December 16, 2002): 17004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.012672899.

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12

Morton, N. E. "Linkage disequilibrium maps and association mapping." Journal of Clinical Investigation 115, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci25032.

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13

Eppig, J. T., and M. Kosowsky. "Drawing genetic linkage maps via email." Mammalian Genome 5, no. 12 (December 1994): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00292006.

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14

Chen, Li-Jing, Fu-Xing Cheng, Shao-Kun Sun, Jun Sun, Muhammad Irfan, and Zhang Li. "An overview of molecular genetic linkage maps in Lilium spp." Genetika 49, no. 2 (2017): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1702755c.

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Molecular genetic linkage maps are powerful tools used to identify quantitative trait loci and facilitate molecular marker-assisted breeding. A review of the molecular markers applied and genetic linkage maps constructed for Lilium was conducted. High-density linkage maps constructed for other plant species were also analyzed. Problems related to the construction of molecular genetic linkage maps for Lilium were explored. High-density linkage maps for Lilium may be developed on the basis of the construction strategies of several detailed linkage maps.
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15

Lathrop, G. M., J. M. Lalouel, R. L. White, and D. C. Rao. "Construction of human linkage maps: Likelihood calculations for multilocus linkage analysis." Genetic Epidemiology 3, no. 1 (1986): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gepi.1370030105.

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16

Welker, Dennis L. "LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF NYSTATIN RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM." Genetics 113, no. 1 (May 1, 1986): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/113.1.53.

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ABSTRACT Earlier linkage analyses of nystatin resistance loci in Dictyostelium discoideum tentatively mapped the nysB and nysC loci to the previously unmarked linkage group V. The data presented here establishes that nysB maps to linkage group VI and that nysC maps to linkage group IV. The third nystatin resistance locus, nysA, maps to linkage group II.
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17

Tan, Yuan-De, and Yun-Xin Fu. "A Novel Method for Estimating Linkage Maps." Genetics 173, no. 4 (June 18, 2006): 2383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.106.057638.

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18

Yin, Tongming, Xinye Zhang, Minren Huang, Minxiu Wang, Qiang Zhuge, Shengming Tu, Li-Huang Zhu, and Rongling Wu. "Molecular linkage maps of the Populus genome." Genome 45, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-013.

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We report molecular genetic linkage maps for an interspecific hybrid population of Populus, a model system in forest-tree biology. The hybrids were produced by crosses between P. deltoides (mother) and P. euramericana (father), which is a natural hybrid of P. deltoides (grandmother) and P. nigra (grandfather). Linkage analysis from 93 of the 450 backcross progeny grown in the field for 15 years was performed using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Of a total of 839 polymorphic markers identified, 560 (67%) were testcross markers heterozygous in one parent but null in the other (segregating 1:1), 206 (25%) were intercross dominant markers heterozygous in both parents (segregating 3:1), and the remaining 73 (9%) were 19 non-parental RAPD markers (segregating 1:1) and 54 codominant AFLP markers (segregating 1:1:1:1). A mixed set of the testcross markers, non-parental RAPD markers, and codominant AFLP markers was used to construct two linkage maps, one based on the P. deltoides (D) genome and the other based on P. euramericana (E). The two maps showed nearly complete coverage of the genome, spanning 3801 and 3452 cM, respectively. The availability of non-parental RAPD and codominant AFLP markers as orthologous genes allowed for a direct comparison of the rate of meiotic recombination between the two different parental species. Generally, the rate of meiotic recombination was greater for males than females in our interspecific poplar hybrids. The confounded effect of sexes and species causes the mean recombination distance of orthologous markers to be 11% longer for the father (P. euramericana; interspecific hybrid) than for the mother (P. deltoides; pure species). The linkage maps constructed and the interspecific poplar hybrid population in which clonal replicates for individual genotypes are available present a comprehensive foundation for future genomic studies and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification.Key words: AFLP, Genetic map, poplar, RAPD, SSR.
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19

Shepherd, M., S. Kasem, D. Lee, and R. Henry. "Construction of Microsatellite Linkage Maps for Corymbia." Silvae Genetica 55, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2006): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2006-0030.

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Abstract The genus Corymbia is closely related to the genus Eucalyptus, and like Eucalyptus contains tree species that are important for sub-tropical forestry. Corymbia’s close relationship with Eucalyptus suggests genetic studies in Corymbia should benefit from transfer of genetic information from its more intensively studied relatives. Here we report a genetic map for Corymbia spp. based on microsatellite markers identified de novo in Corymbia sp or transferred from Eucalyptus. A framework consensus map was generated from an outbred F2 population (n = 90) created by crossing two unrelated Corymbia torelliana × C. citriodora subsp. variegata F1 trees. The map had a total length of 367 cM (Kosambi) and was composed of 46 microsatellite markers distributed across 13 linkage groups (LOD 3). A high proportion of Eucalyptus microsatellites (90%) transferred to Corymbia. Comparative analysis between the Corymbia map and a published Eucalyptus map identified eight homeologous linkage groups in Corymbia with 13 markers mapping on one or both maps. Further comparative analysis was limited by low power to detect linkage due to low genome coverage in Corymbia, however, there was no convincing evidence for chromosomal structural differences because instances of non-synteny were associated with large distances on the Eucalyptus map. Segregation distortion was primarily restricted to a single linkage group and due to a deficit of hybrid genotypes, suggesting that hybrid inviability was one factor shaping the genetic composition of the F2 population in this inter-subgeneric hybrid. The conservation of microsatellite loci and synteny between Corymbia and Eucalyptus suggests there will be substantial value in exchanging information between the two groups.
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20

Anderson, J. A., G. A. Churchill, J. E. Autrique, S. D. Tanksley, and M. E. Sorrells. "Optimizing parental selection for genetic linkage maps." Genome 36, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-024.

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Genetic linkage maps based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms are useful for many purposes; however, different populations are required to fulfill different objectives. Clones from the linkage map(s) are subsequently probed onto populations developed for special purposes such as gene tagging. Therefore, clones contained on the initial map(s) must be polymorphic on a wide range of genotypes to have maximum utility. The objectives of this research were to (i) calculate polymorphism information content values of 51 low-copy DNA clones and (ii) use the resulting values to choose potential mapping parents. Polymorphism information content was calculated using gene diversity by classifying restriction fragment patterns on a diverse set of 18 wheat genotypes. Combinations of potential parents were then compared by examining both the proportion of polymorphic clones and the likelihood that those mapped clones would give a polymorphism when used on other populations. Genotype pairs were identified that would map more highly informative DNA clones compared with a population derived from the most polymorphic potential parents. The methodologies used to characterize clones and rank potential parents should be applicable to other species and types of markers as well.Key words: restriction fragment length polymorphism, mapping, Triticum aestivum.
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21

Broman, Karl W., and James L. Weber. "Method for constructing confidently ordered linkage maps." Genetic Epidemiology 16, no. 4 (1999): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2272(1999)16:4<337::aid-gepi1>3.0.co;2-t.

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22

Belmont, John W., and Richard A. Gibbs. "Genome-Wide Linkage Disequilibrium and Haplotype Maps." American Journal of PharmacoGenomics 4, no. 4 (2004): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00129785-200404040-00005.

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23

McKay, Stephanie D., Robert D. Schnabel, Brenda M. Murdoch, Lakshmi K. Matukumalli, Jan Aerts, Wouter Coppieters, Denny Crews, et al. "Whole genome linkage disequilibrium maps in cattle." BMC Genetics 8, no. 1 (2007): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-8-74.

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24

Rajapakse, S., D. H. Byrne, L. Zhang, N. Anderson, K. Arumuganathan, and R. E. Ballard. "Two genetic linkage maps of tetraploid roses." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 103, no. 4 (September 2001): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00002912.

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25

Gilks, W. R., S. J. Welham, J. Wang, S. J. Clark, and G. J. King. "Three-point appraisal of genetic linkage maps." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 125, no. 7 (June 29, 2012): 1393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1920-9.

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26

Hu, J., J. Sadowski, T. C. Osborn, B. S. Landry, and C. F. Quiros. "Linkage group alignment from four independent Brassica oleracea RFLP maps." Genome 41, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-007.

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A Brassica oleracea linkage map was constructed from an F2 population of 69 individuals with sequences previously mapped independently in three linkage maps of this species. These were the maps published by Kianian and Quiros (1992), Landry et al. (1992), and Camargo et al. (1997). The base map developed in this study consisted of 167 RFLP loci in nine linkage groups, plus eight markers in four linkage pairs, covering 1738 cM. Linkage group alignment was also possible with a fourth map published by Ramsay et al. (1996), that contained loci in common with the map of Camargo et al. (1997). Common sequences across the mapping populations served to align most of the linkage groups of the independently developed maps. In general, consistent linear order among markers was maintained, although often the distances between markers varied from map to map. A linkage group in the map of Landry et al. carrying a clubroot resistance QTL and consisting of markers from two other linkage groups, was found to be rearranged. This was not surprising, considering that the resistance gene was introgressed from Brassica napus. The extensively duplicated nature of the C genome was revealed by 19 sequences detecting duplicated loci within chromosomes and 17 sequences detecting duplicated loci between chromosomes. The variation in mapping distances between linked loci pairs on different chromosomes demonstrated that sequence rearrangement is a distinct feature of this genome. Although the consolidation of all linkage groups in the four B. oleracea maps compared was not possible, the present work served to add a considerable number of markers to corresponding linkage groups. Some of the chromosome segments in particular, were enriched with many markers that may be useful for future gene tagging or cloning. It will be possible in the future to complete the consolidation of all four maps as new loci are added to each map.Key words: cole crops, Cruciferae, molecular markers, linkage maps.
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27

Hall, K. J., J. S. Parker, T. H. N. Ellis, L. Turner, M. R. Knox, J. M. I. Hofer, J. Lu, et al. "The relationship between genetic and cytogenetic maps of pea. II. Physical maps of linkage mapping populations." Genome 40, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-798.

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A cytogenetic analysis of inbred lines that have been used to generate genetic maps of pea is presented. Mitotic karyotyping of the inbred lines and meiotic studies of their F1 hybrids have been used to test the prediction that structural differences exist between the parental lines. The results are not compatible with the previously published molecular data. A reordered and updated linkage map of pea is presented that is consistent with the cytogenetic data.Key words: Pisum, linkage map, recombination, synaptonemal complex, chiasmata.
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28

Hemmat, Minou, Norman F. Weeden, and Susan K. Brown. "Mapping and Evaluation of Malus ×domestica Microsatellites in Apple and Pear." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 4 (July 2003): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.4.0515.

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We mapped DNA polymorphisms generated by 41 sets of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers, developed independently in four laboratories. All primer sets gave polymorphisms that could be located on our `White Angel' x `Rome Beauty' map for apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. Var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. The SSR primers were used to identify homologous linkage groups in `Wijcik McIntosh', NY 75441-58, `Golden Delicious', and `Liberty' cultivars for which relatively complete linkage maps have been constructed from isozyme and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. In several instances, two or more SSRs were syntenic, and except for an apparent translocation involving linkage group (LG) 6, these linkages were conserved throughout the six maps. Twenty-four SSR primers were consistently polymorphic, and these are recommended as standard anchor markers for apple maps. Experiments on a pear (Pyrus communis L.) population indicated that many of the apple SSRs would be useful for mapping in pear. However some of the primers produced fragments in pear significantly different in size than those in apple.
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29

Brown, S. E., D. W. Severson, L. A. Smith, and D. L. Knudson. "Integration of the Aedes aegypti Mosquito Genetic Linkage and Physical Maps." Genetics 157, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.3.1299.

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Abstract Two approaches were used to correlate the Aedes aegypti genetic linkage map to the physical map. STS markers were developed for previously mapped RFLP-based genetic markers so that large genomic clones from cosmid libraries could be found and placed to the metaphase chromosome physical maps using standard FISH methods. Eight cosmids were identified that contained eight RFLP marker sequences, and these cosmids were located on the metaphase chromosomes. Twenty-one cDNAs were mapped directly to metaphase chromosomes using a FISH amplification procedure. The chromosome numbering schemes of the genetic linkage and physical maps corresponded directly and the orientations of the genetic linkage maps for chromosomes 2 and 3 were inverted relative to the physical maps. While the chromosome 2 linkage map represented essentially 100% of chromosome 2, ∼65% of the chromosome 1 linkage map mapped to only 36% of the short p-arm and 83% of the chromosome 3 physical map contained the complete genetic linkage map. Since the genetic linkage map is a RFLP cDNA-based map, these data also provide a minimal estimate for the size of the euchromatic regions. The implications of these findings on positional cloning in A. aegypti are discussed.
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30

Howell, Elaine C., Guy C. Barker, Gareth H. Jones, Michael J. Kearsey, Graham J. King, Erik P. Kop, Carol D. Ryder, Graham R. Teakle, Joana G. Vicente, and Susan J. Armstrong. "Integration of the Cytogenetic and Genetic Linkage Maps of Brassica oleracea." Genetics 161, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 1225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/161.3.1225.

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Abstract We have assigned all nine linkage groups of a Brassica oleracea genetic map to each of the nine chromosomes of the karyotype derived from mitotic metaphase spreads of the B. oleracea var. alboglabra line A12DHd using FISH. The majority of probes were BACs, with A12DHd DNA inserts, which give clear, reliable FISH signals. We have added nine markers to the existing integrated linkage map, distributed over six linkage groups. BACs were definitively assigned to linkage map positions through development of locus-specific PCR assays. Integration of the cytogenetic and genetic linkage maps was achieved with 22 probes representing 19 loci. Four chromosomes (2, 4, 7, and 9) are in the same orientation as their respective linkage groups (O4, O7, O8, and O6) whereas four chromosomes (1, 3, 5, and 8) and linkage groups (O3, O9, O2, and O1) are in the opposite orientation. The remaining chromosome (6) is probably in the opposite orientation. The cytogenetic map is an important resource for locating probes with unknown genetic map positions and is also being used to analyze the relationships between genetic and cytogenetic maps.
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31

Conner, Patrick J., Susan K. Brown, and Norman F. Weeden. "Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-based Genetic Linkage Maps of Three Apple Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 3 (May 1997): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.3.350.

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Genetic linkage maps were created for three apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars using data from two progenies (`Wijcik McIntosh' xNY 75441-67 and `Wijcik McIntosh' xNY 75441-58). The maps consist primarily of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, but also contain six isozyme loci and four morphological markers (Rf, fruit skin color; Vf, scab resistance; Co, columnar growth habit; Ma, malic acid). Maps were constructed using a double pseudotestcross mapping format and JoinMap mapping software. An integrated `Wijcik McIntosh' map was produced by combining marker data from both progenies into a single linkage map. Homologous linkage groups from paternal maps were paired with their counterparts in the `Wijcik McIntosh' map using locus bridges composed of markers heterozygous in both parents of a progeny. The `Wijcik McIntosh' map consists of 238 markers arranged in 19 linkage groups spanning 1206 cM. The NY 75441-67 map contains 110 markers in 16 linkage groups and the NY 75441-58 map consists of 183 markers in 18 linkage groups. The average distance between markers in the maps was ≈5.0 cM.
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32

Kreike, C. M., and W. J. Stiekema. "Reduced recombination and distorted segregation in a Solanum tuberosum (2x) × S. spegazzinii (2x) hybrid." Genome 40, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-026.

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In this paper we describe the reduced recombination and distorted segregation in an interspecific hybrid between Solanum tuberosum and Solanum spegazzinii. To study these phenomena, a cross was made between a (di)haploid S. tuberosum, used as a female parent, and a diploid wild potato species, S. spegazzinii, used as a male parent. Next, a backcross (BC) population was made with F1 genotype 38 that was backcrossed to S. tuberosum. In the backcross, S. tuberosum was used as the male parent. RFLP linkage maps were made using the F1 and the BC populations, yielding linkage maps of the interspecific hybrid, S. spegazzinii, and S. tuberosum from which male and female linkage maps could be constructed. The computer program JOINMAP was used to construct and combine the separate linkage maps. Subsequently, the separate linkage maps were compared with each other, and reduced recombination was observed in the linkage maps of the male S. tuberosum and the interspecific hybrid. The reason for this reduced recombination is discussed. Another common feature in linkage maps is the observation of distorted segregation. The distorted segregation of alleles from the interspecific hybrid was studied in more detail in the BC population. Most of the distortion was probably caused by gamete selection, but for 3 loci, on chromosomes 2, 3, and 4, we found evidence for the presence of a strong selection force acting at the zygote level against homozygous genotypes.Key words: RFLP linkage map, potato, interspecific hybrid, zygote selection.
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33

Zheng, Chaozhi, Martin P. Boer, and Fred A. van Eeuwijk. "Construction of Genetic Linkage Maps in Multiparental Populations." Genetics 212, no. 4 (June 10, 2019): 1031–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302229.

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34

Luo, Z. W., Ze Zhang, Lindsey Leach, R. M. Zhang, John E. Bradshaw, and M. J. Kearsey. "Constructing Genetic Linkage Maps Under a Tetrasomic Model." Genetics 172, no. 4 (January 16, 2006): 2635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.052449.

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35

Ruiz, C., and M. Asins. "Comparison between Poncirus and Citrus genetic linkage maps." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 106, no. 5 (March 2003): 826–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1095-x.

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36

Sumida, Masayuki, and Midori Nishioka. "Sex-linked genes and linkage maps in amphibians." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 126, no. 2 (June 2000): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00204-2.

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37

Skolnick, M., B. Keats, and R. Williamson. "Attributes of markers on linkage and physical maps." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 58, no. 3-4 (1991): 1839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000133729.

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38

Ouellette, Lisa A., Robert W. Reid, Steven G. Blanchard, and Cory R. Brouwer. "LinkageMapView—rendering high-resolution linkage and QTL maps." Bioinformatics 34, no. 2 (September 13, 2017): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx576.

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39

Oliveira, Roberto Pedroso de, Carlos Ivan Aguilar-Vildoso, Mariângela Cristofani, and Marcos Antônio Machado. "Skewed RAPD markers in linkage maps of Citrus." Genetics and Molecular Biology 27, no. 3 (2004): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572004000300021.

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40

Lander, E. S., and P. Green. "Construction of multilocus genetic linkage maps in humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 84, no. 8 (April 1, 1987): 2363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.8.2363.

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41

Nikaido, A. M., T. Ujino, H. Iwata, K. Yoshimura, H. Yoshimura, Y. Suyama, M. Murai, K. Nagasaka, and Y. Tsumura. "AFLP and CAPS linkage maps of Cryptomeria japonica." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100, no. 6 (April 2000): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051358.

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42

Beeman, Richard W., and Susan J. Brown. "RAPD-Based Genetic Linkage Maps of Tribolium castaneum." Genetics 153, no. 1 (September 1, 1999): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.1.333.

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Abstract A genetic map of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) integrating molecular with morphological markers was constructed using a backcross population of 147 siblings. The map defines 10 linkage groups (LGs), presumably corresponding to the 10 chromosomes, and consists of 122 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, six molecular markers representing identified genes, and five morphological markers. The total map length is 570 cM, giving an average marker resolution of 4.3 cM. The average physical distance per genetic distance was estimated at 350 kb/cM. A cluster of loci showing distorted segregation was detected on LG9. The process of converting RAPD markers to sequence-tagged site markers was initiated: 18 RAPD markers were cloned and sequenced, and single-strand conformational polymorphisms were identified for 4 of the 18. The map positions of all 4 coincided with those of the parent RAPD markers.
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43

Weller, G. L., and G. G. Foster. "Genetic maps of the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina: linkage-group correlations with other dipteran genera." Genome 36, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-068.

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Linkage data and revised genetic maps for 72 autosomal loci in Lucilia cuprina are presented. Comparison of the linkage relationships of biochemically and morphologically similar mutations in Ceratitis capitata, Drosophila melanogaster, and Musca domestica supports the hypothesis that the major linkage elements have survived relatively intact during evolution of the higher Diptera. The relationship of the linkage groups of the mosquito Aedes aegypti to these species is less clear.Key words: Lucilia, Drosophila, Musca, Ceratitis, linkage maps.
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44

Tong, Chunfa, Dan Yao, Hainan Wu, Yuhua Chen, Wenguo Yang, and Wei Zhao. "High-Quality SNP Linkage Maps Improved QTL Mapping and Genome Assembly in Populus." Journal of Heredity 111, no. 6 (September 1, 2020): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa039.

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Abstract With the advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and the development of new software for extracting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across a mapping population, it is possible to construct high-quality genetic maps with thousands of SNPs in outbred forest trees. Two parent-specific linkage maps were constructed with restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data from an F1 hybrid population derived from Populus deltoides and Populus simonii, and applied in QTL mapping and genome assembly. The female P. deltoides map contained 4018 SNPs, which were divided into 19 linkage groups under a wide range of LOD thresholds from 7 to 55. The male P. simonii map showed similar characteristics, consisting of 2097 SNPs, which also belonged to 19 linkage groups under LOD thresholds of 7 to 29. The SNP order of each linkage group was optimal among different ordering results from several available software. Moreover, the linkage maps allowed the detection of 39 QTLs underlying tree height and 47 for diameter at breast height. In addition, the linkage maps improved the anchoring of 689 contigs of P. simonii to chromosomes. The 2 parental genetic maps of Populus are of high quality, especially in terms of SNP data quality, the SNP order within linkage groups, and the perfect match between the number of linkage groups and the karyotype of Populus, as well as the excellent performances in QTL mapping and genome assembly. Both approaches for extracting and ordering SNPs could be applied to other species for constructing high-quality genetic maps.
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45

Boutin, S. R., N. D. Young, T. C. Olson, Z. H. Yu, C. E. Vallejos, and R. C. Shoemaker. "Genome conservation among three legume genera detected with DNA markers." Genome 38, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 928–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-122.

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A set of 219 DNA clones derived from mungbean (Vigna radiata), cowpea (V. unguiculata), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and soybean (Glycine max) were used to generate comparative linkage maps among mungbean, common bean, and soybean. The maps allowed an assessment of linkage conservation and collinearity among the three genomes. Mungbean and common bean, both of the subtribe Phaseolinae, exhibited a high degree of linkage conservation and preservation of marker order. Most linkage groups of mungbean consisted of only one or two linkage blocks from common bean (and vice versa). The situation was significantly different with soybean, a member of the subtribe Glycininae. Mungbean and common bean linkage groups were generally mosaics of short soybean linkage blocks, each only a few centimorgans in length. These results suggest that it would be fruitful to join maps of mungbean and common bean, while knowledge of conserved genomic blocks would be useful in increasing marker density in specific genomic regions for all three genera. These comparative maps may also contribute to enhanced understanding of legume evolution.Key words: RFLP, gene mapping, Phaseolus, Glycine, Vigna.
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46

Ukoskit, Kittipat, and Paul G. Thompson. "Autopolyploidy versus Allopolyploidy and Low-density Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Linkage Maps of Sweetpotato." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 6 (November 1997): 822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.6.822.

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Low-density randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatus (L.) Lam.; 2n = 6x = 90] were constructed from 76 pseudotestcross progenies obtained from `Vardaman' × `Regal'. Of 460 primers, 84 generating 196 well-resolved repeatable markers were selected for genetic analysis. `Vardaman' and `Regal' testcross progenies were analyzed for segregation and linkages of RAPD markers. Type of polyploidy, autopolyploidy, or allopolyploidy is uncertain in sweetpotato and was examined in this study using the ratio of nonsimplex to simplex RAPD markers and the ratio of simplex RAPD marker pairs linked in repulsion to coupling. Both measures indicated autopolyploidy. Low-density RAPD linkage maps of `Vardaman' and `Regal' were constructed from simplex RAPD marker linkage analysis. Duplex and triplex markers were then mapped manually into the simplex marker map. Homologous linkage groups were identified using nonsimplex RAPD markers and three homologous groups were found in each of the parent maps. Use of nonsimplex markers increased mapping efficiency. The `Vardaman' map had a predicted coverage of 10.5% at a 25-cM interval of the genome size of 5024 cM. In `Regal', genome coverage was estimated to be 5.6% at a 25-cM interval of the genome size of 6560 cM. Therefore, average chromosome length was ≈56 to 73 cM.
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47

Hohmann, U., A. Graner, T. R. Endo, B. S. Gill, and R. G. Herrmann. "Comparison of wheat physical maps with barley linkage maps for group 7 chromosomes." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 91, no. 4 (September 1995): 618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00223288.

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48

Oliveira, Roberto Pedroso de, Mariângela Cristofani, and Marcos Antônio Machado. "Genetic linkage maps of 'Pêra' sweet orange and 'Cravo' mandarin with RAPD markers." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 39, no. 2 (February 2004): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2004000200009.

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The objective of this work was to construct linkage maps of 'Pêra' sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and 'Cravo' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) using RAPD markers and the pseudo-testcross strategy. The parents were chosen according to the resistance/susceptibility to citrus variegate chlorosis (CVC). The segregation of 176 markers was analyzed in 94 progeny of F1 hybrids, which were obtained from controlled crossings. The linkage map of 'Pêra' sweet orange had 117 markers defined by 12 linkage groups, which spanned 612.1 cM. Only six markers could not be linked to the linkage group and 48.7% of the markers showed segregation distortion. The linkage map of 'Cravo' mandarin had 51 markers defined by 12 linkage groups, which spanned 353.3 cM. Only two markers did not link to the groups and 15.7% showed segregation distortion. The construction of linkage maps is relevant to future mapping studies of the inheritance of CVC, citrus canker and leprosis.
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49

Hayden, M. J., S. Khatkar, and P. J. Sharp. "Targetting microsatellites (SSRs) in genetic linkage maps of bread wheat." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 12 (2001): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01026.

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The construction of genetic linkage maps from intraspecific crosses of bread wheat is slow and difficult due to very limited levels of polymorphism, which hinder the assignment of linkage groups to chromosomes and leave large genomic regions without markers. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) reveal a higher incidence of polymorphism and are more informative than any other DNA marker, and are therefore considered a marker of choice for self-pollinating crops with little intraspecific polymorphism. However, the availability of SSRs in bread wheat is still limited. In this study, selectively amplified microsatellite (SAM) analysis was used to develop informative SSR markers to assist in the construction of an intraspecific wheat map. Three markers were developed for under-represented regions in the genetic map, and 7 for unassigned linkage groups. The latter SSRs permitted the chromosomal origin of 4 unassigned linkage groups to be determined. These results demonstrate the utility of SAM analysis for the targetted development of informative SSR markers to genomic regions of interest, and assignment of linkage groups to chromosomes. Furthermore, SAM analysis facilitates the development of markers for relatively short (<11) dinucleotide repeat sequences, a class of SSRs generally inaccessible to traditional hybridisation-based methods used to develop these markers.
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50

Santos, Carlos A. F., and Philipp W. Simon. "Merging Carrot Linkage Groups based on Conserved Dominant AFLP Markers in F2 Populations." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 2 (March 2004): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.2.0211.

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Markers were placed on linkage groups, ordered, and merged for two unrelated F2 populations of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Included were 277 and 242 dominant Amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and 10 and eight codominant markers assigned to the nine linkage groups of Brasilia × HCM and B493 × QAL F2 populations, respectively. The merged linkage groups were based on two codominant markers and 28 conserved dominant AFLP markers (based upon sequence and size) shared by both populations. The average marker spacing was 4.8 to 5.5 cM in the four parental coupling phase maps. The average marker spacing in the six merged linkage groups was 3.75 cM with maximum gaps among linkage groups ranging from 8.0 to 19.8 cM. Gaps of a similar size were observed with the linkage coupling phase maps of the parents, indicating that linkage group integration did not double the bias which comes with repulsion phase mapping. Three out of nine linkage groups of carrot were not merged due to the absence of common markers. The six merged linkage groups incorporated similar numbers of AFLP fragments from the four parents, further indicating no significant increase in bias expected with repulsion phase linkage. While other studies have merged linkage maps with shared AFLPs of similar size, this is the first report to use shared AFLPs with highly conserved sequence to merge linkage maps in carrot. The genome coverage in this study is suitable to apply quantitative trait locus analysis and to construct a cross-validated consensus map of carrot, which is an important step toward an integrated map of carrot.
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