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2
Knoff, Howard M. Project ACHIEVE and the need to create effective building-based social skills, discipline/behavior management, and school safety systems. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center, 1999.
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3
Molholt, Pat. Library networking: The interface of ideas and actions. [S.l: s.n., 1988.
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4
Jigyōdan, Kokusai Kyōryoku. Project for improving fare system of mass-transportation in Dhaka city area through ICT: Project activity completion report. Dhaka: Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2012.
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5
Dorsett, William S. Supplemental underground construction drawings and specifications for cable-in-conduit systems: Project 96-25. Arlington, VA: National Rural Electric Cooperative Assoc./Cooperative Research Network, 1999.
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6
Meade, Douglas S., ed. In Quest of the Craft. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-820-0.
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INFORUM is a research project started more than forty five years ago by Clopper Almon. The focus is on the development of dynamic, interindustry, macroeconometric models to forecast the economy in the long run. Over the last 30 years, the Inforum approach to model building has been shared by economists in many different countries. Researchers have focused much of their efforts to developing a linked system of international interindustry models with a consistent methodology. A world-wide network of research associates use similar methods and a common software obtaining comparable results to produce studies of common interest to the group. Inforum partners have shared their research in an annual conference since 1993. The XXII Inforum World Conference was held in Alexandria, Virginia in September 2014 and this book contains a selection of papers presented during the sessions. All these contributions share an empirical and pragmatic orientation that is very useful for policymakers, business, and applied economists. Some papers are devoted to specific topics (productivity, energy, international trade, demographic changes) and some others are oriented to model building and simulations.
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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Palm Springs/South Coast Field Office. Draft supplemental EIS for the Palen Solar Electric Generating System (formerly Palen Solar Power Project): For the Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office. Palm Springs, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Palm Springs-South Coast Field Office, 2011.
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8
Maugeri, Giuseppe, and Graziano Serragiotto. L’insegnamento della lingua italiana in Giappone Uno studio di caso sul Kansai. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-525-4.
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This research stems from the need of the Italian Cultural Institute to map the institutions involved in teaching Italian in the area considered and to analyse the quality of the teaching and learning process of the Italian language. The objectives are multiple and linked to the importance of finding the causes that slow the growth of the study of Italian in Japanese Kansai. Therefore, the first part of this action research will outline the cultural and linguistic education coordinates that characterize the Japanese context; in the second part, the research data will be interpreted in order to trace new methodological development trajectories to increase the quality of the Italian teaching process in Kansai.Part 1 This part focuses on the situation of foreign language teaching in Japan. It also describes the strategies to promote the teaching of the Italian language in Japan from 1980 to now. 1 Modern Language Policy in Japan Between Past and Present This first chapter describes linguistic policy for the promotion of foreign languages in Japan by the Ministry of Education (MEXT). 2 Japanese Educational System Focus of this chapter are the cultural, pedagogical and linguistic education characteristics of the context under investigation. 3 Teaching Italian Language in Japan The purpose of this chapter is to outline the general frame of the spreading of the Italian cultural model in a traditional Japanese context. Part 2In the second part the action research and the training project design are described. 4 The Action-Research Project This chapter describes the overall design of the research and the research questions that inspired an investigation in the context under study. The aim is to understand whether there is a link between the methodological choices of the teachers and the difficulties in learning Italian for Japanese students. Part 3 In this third part, the situation of teaching Italian in relation to different learning contexts in Japanese Kansai will be examined. 5 A Case Study at Italian Culture Institute in Osaka The goals of this chapter are to analyse the problems of teaching Italian at the IIC and suggest methodological improvement paths for teachers of Italian language at IIC. 6 A Case Study at Osaka University The data obtained by the informants will be used to analyse the situation of the teaching of Italian at Department of Italian language of this university and suggest curricular and methodological improvements to increase the quality of teaching and learning Italian. 7 A Case Study at Kyoto Sangyo University The chapter outlines the methodological and technical characteristics used to teach Italian at Kyoto Sangyo University and suggests strategies aimed at enhancing students’ language learning.
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Office, General Accounting. Transportation infrastructure: Progress on and challenges to Central Artery/Tunnel Project's costs and financing : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Transportation and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Office, General Accounting. Transportation infrastructure: A comparison of federal and state highway laws : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1990.
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Schwartz, Steven A. The Big Book of Nintendo Games. Greensboro, USA: Compute Books, 1991.
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G, Fenly Judith, and Wiggins Beacher, eds. The Linked Systems Project: A networking tool for libraries. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC Online Computer Library Center, 1988.
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Linking Researchers and Resources: The Emerging Information Infrastructure and the Nren Proposal. Association of Research Libraries, 1988.
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Libraries, Association of Research, ed. Linking researchers and resources: The emerging information infrastructure and the NREN proposal. Washington, D.C: Association of Research Libraries, 1990.
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Linked systems: A program sponsored by the Association of Research Libraries, May 6, 1988, Oakland, California. Washington, D.C: Association of Research Libraries, 1988.
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Association of Research Libraries. Meeting, ed. Linked systems: A program sponsored by the Association of Research Libraries, May 6, 1988, Oakland, California. Washington, D.C: Association of Research Libraries, 1988.
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Fenly, Judith G., and Beacher Wiggins. The Linked Systems Project: A Networking Tool for Libraries (Oclc Library, Information, and Computer Science Series). Oclc, 1988.
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18
Langa, Patrício Vitorino. Higher Education in Portuguese Speaking African Countries. African Minds, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781920677039.
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This publication is the result of a baseline study of the state of the higher education systems in the five Portuguese speaking countries in Africa (PALOP): Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and Sao Tome and Principe. The project was undertaken by an African international expert in the field of higher education studies and was fully sponsored and supported by the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA). The report offers a historical overview of the development of higher education in PALOP from colonial times to the present. The main objective of this baseline study is to map the landscape and dynamics of change in the higher education systems of PALOP countries. It focuses on describing the latest developments of trends of expansion, financing, governance and policy reforms closely linked to the development of higher education systems in these countries. Furthermore, the study will facilitate an informed debate and the dissemination of knowledge on the role of higher education for development in Africa.
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Bennett, Shawn P. A case study of the May 28, 1985 mesoscale convective system observed during the O.K. PRE-STORM Project. 1987.
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20
Dutton, George E. Introduction. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520293434.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the book’s main figure and situates him within the historical moment from which he emerges. It shows the degree to which global geographies shaped the European Catholic mission project. It describes the impact of the Padroado system that divided the world for evangelism between the Spanish and Portuguese crowns in the 15th century. It also argues that European clerics were drawing lines on Asian lands even before colonial regimes were established in the nineteenth century, suggesting that these earlier mapping projects were also extremely significant in shaping the lives of people in Asia. I argue for the value of telling this story from the vantage point of a Vietnamese Catholic, and thus restoring agency to a population often obscured by the lives of European missionaries.
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Kadelbach, Stefan, Thomas Kleinlein, and David Roth-Isigkeit, eds. System, Order, and International Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198768586.001.0001.
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The multi-authored volume reviews the early history of international legal thought and considers it to be a project that highlights the intimate relationship of philosophy and law in understanding the present models of global order. The interplay of system and order serves as a leitmotiv throughout the book and helps to link historical models to today’s discourse. It also explains the particular relevance of the period from Machiavelli to Hegel for this framework. In the first part of the book, individual chapters cover thinkers from Machiavelli to Hegel—including Vitoria, Suárez, Bodin, Gentili, Althusius, Grotius, and Spinoza, amongst others. The second part of the book is devoted to horizontal themes that open the opportunity to test old authorities against present-day approaches. Their analyses deepen the understanding of international legal thinking by pointing to often neglected elements, scrutinizing the knowledge-creation of the subject as we know it.
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Smith, Jennifer J. Writing Time in Metaphors. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423939.003.0004.
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Coherence of place often exists alongside irregularities in time in cycles, and chapter three turns to cycles linked by temporal markers. Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles (1950) follows a linear chronology and describes the exploration, conquest, and repopulation of Mars by humans. Conversely, Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine (1984) jumps back and forth across time to narrate the lives of interconnected families in the western United States. Bradbury’s cycle invokes a confluence of historical forces—time as value-laden, work as a calling, and travel as necessitating standardized time—and contextualizes them in relation to anxieties about the space race. Erdrich’s cycle invokes broader, oppositional conceptions of time—as recursive and arbitrary and as causal and meaningful—to depict time as implicated in an entire system of measurement that made possible the destruction and exploitation of the Chippewa people. Both volumes understand the United States to be preoccupied with imperialist impulses. Even as they critique such projects, they also point to the tenacity with which individuals encounter these systems, and they do so by creating “interstitial temporalities,” which allow them to navigate time at the crossroads of language and culture.
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Scheid, Volker. Holism, Chinese Medicine and Systems Ideologies: Rewriting the Past to Imagine the Future. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the articulations that have emerged over the last half century between various types of holism, Chinese medicine and systems biology. Given the discipline’s historical attachments to a definition of ‘medicine’ that rather narrowly refers to biomedicine as developed in Europe and the US from the eighteenth century onwards, the medical humanities are not the most obvious starting point for such an inquiry. At the same time, they do offer one advantage over neighbouring disciplines like medical history, anthropology or science and technology studies for someone like myself, a clinician as well as a historian and anthropologist: their strong commitment to the objective of facilitating better medical practice. This promise furthermore links to the wider project of critique, which, in Max Horkheimer’s definition of the term, aims at change and emancipation in order ‘to liberate human beings from the circumstances that enslave them’. If we take the critical medical humanities as explicitly affirming this shared objective and responsibility, extending the discipline’s traditional gaze is not a burden but becomes, in fact, an obligation.
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Hitlin, Steven, and Sarah K. Harkness. A Primer on Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465407.003.0002.
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One of sociology’s biggest contributions is an interrogation of broad social structures, including the consequences and continuation of social inequalities. We begin by setting the stage for the overall project by outlining issues of economic inequality across societies. We discuss some of the ramifications inequality has within a society, including how inequality becomes internalized and shapes beliefs about right, wrong, and possible futures for people in these systems. We will conclude with some prominent ideas that link structure, culture, and the individual often captured in the notion of “structuration.”
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Delaney, Douglas E. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198704461.003.0008.
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This work concludes that the War Office had a consistent vision of what they wanted from the armies of the empire, a vision embodied in an imperial army project. The aim of the project was to create a system that would allow combinations of military forces from across the empire in time of war. It endured four-plus decades and two global wars because the conditions that compelled it endured. The population of Great Britain was always small relative to most other great powers and there were always more actual or potential military commitments than the British Army could meet. Neither the dominions nor India could be told what to do, but, because their armies were organized and equipped on British lines, they were useful and effective when their governments decided to join in imperial war efforts, as they did so massively during the two world wars.
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Perspectives and Contributions of Nursing to the Promotion of Universal Health. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275122181.
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Perspectives and Contributions of Nursing to the Promotion of Universal Health highlights more than 40 projects, activities, stories, and case studies received from the countries of the Region, illustrating the role of nurses and midwives in advancing toward universal health. It also details these essential health workers' rich contribution to health systems, universities, prisons, communities, governments, and schools in all the countries of the Americas. An epilogue includes a powerful story of two American nurses on the front lines of the COVID-19 epidemic. It is further proof of the vital role these health workers have in advancing health for all.
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Davidson, Judith. Research Design in Team-Based Qualitative Research. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648138.003.0003.
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In the introduction to this chapter and interwoven throughout the text is the message that qualitative research begins and ends in writing, which in this case means that research design is a beginning point for that writing. This chapter is composed of three major sections that illustrate how team start-up is critical to how the writing will proceed down the line. The first section—Team Formation—provides detailed information on issues to consider in establishing the team in a manner that will be most beneficial to the conduct of qualitative research. The second section—Research Design and Project Organization—discusses early writing tasks, establishing a project management system, and the importance of linking all of this to a data archiving plan. Digital tools are discussed in some depth. The third section—Caring: Internalized and Externalized—suggests a novel approach to the issue of ethics and team management.
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Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo. Building the Pipelines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782810.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 (‘Building the Pipelines’) recounts the development of online cash machines in Japan, Sweden, the UK, and the USA. Particular attention is given to the industrial organization of the early years of the industry as well as the collaboration between Lloyds Bank and IBM to develop a special project than then grew to become a whole line of business for IBM. In the early 1980s, when the adoption of ATM was about to take off, ‘Big Blue’ was positioned to take over this segment of retail finance. Instead it left the market. With hindsight, it was perhaps an error to try to sell ATMs as terminals of specific computer systems rather add-ons to banks’ established capacity.
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Sedighi, Anousha, and Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Introduction. Edited by Anousha Sedighi and Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736745.013.1.
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This chapter offers an introduction to the volume by providing a brief description of its thematic sections (Classification and History, The Sound System, Syntax, Language and Words, Language and People, and Language, Mind, and Technology) and their related chapters. These thematic sections cover both the theoretical and the applied aspects of the Persian language and provide a comprehensive overview of the field of Persian linguistics by discussing its development, capturing critical accounts of cutting edge research, as well as outlining current debates and suggesting productive lines of future research. The chapter also discusses the goals and ambitions of the editors in putting such volume together. It also points out the logic behind the selection of the contributors and addresses the challenges the editors endured throughout the project.
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Toth, Stephen A. Mettray. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740183.001.0001.
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The Mettray Penal Colony was a private reformatory without walls, established in France in 1840 for the rehabilitation of young male delinquents. Foucault linked its opening to the most significant change in the modern status of prisons and now this book takes us behind the gates to show how the institution legitimized France's repression of criminal youth and added a unique layer to the nation's carceral system. The book dissects Mettray's social anatomy, exploring inmates' experiences. More than 17,000 young men passed through the reformatory before its closure, and the book situates their struggles within changing conceptions of childhood and adolescence in modern France. It demonstrates that the colony was an ill-conceived project marked by internal contradictions. Its social order was one of subjection and subversion, as officials struggled for order and inmates struggled for autonomy. The book exposes the nature of the relationships between, and among, prisoners and administrators. It explores the daily grind of existence: living conditions, discipline, labor, sex, and violence. Thus, the book gives voice to the incarcerated, not simply to the incarcerators, whose ideas and agendas tend to dominate the historical record. The book is, above all else, a deeply personal illumination of life inside France's most venerated carceral institution.
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Pouillaude, Frédéric. Writing That Says Nothing. Translated by Anna Pakes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199314645.003.0009.
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This chapter looks at non-verbal and ideogrammatic inscriptions of movement, examining different choreographic notation systems and their relative failure to withstand the passage of time. It contends that the failure of dance notation is no mere historical accident, but the result of a fundamental conceptual tension. And rather than claiming that the supposed link between dance and presence nullifies every attempt at graphic inscription, this chapter argues that the difficulty consists in a more profound tension internal to the notational project. What remains to be shown is how the imperative of presence is reflected at the level of notational discourse itself, and articulated therein as a contradiction. Thus the chapter diagnoses this contradiction in the way that the linguistic paradigm becomes a constant point of reference, such that choreographic notation is said to stand to dance in the same relation as alphabetic writing stands to language.
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Nurse, Angus, and Tanya Wyatt. Wildlife Criminology. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529204346.001.0001.
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The harm and crime committed by humans does not only affect humans. Victimisation is not isolated to people, but instead encompasses the planet and other beings. Yet apart from fairly recent green criminological scholarship employing an expanded criminological gaze beyond the human, the discipline of criminology has largely confined itself to human victims, ignoring the human-caused suffering and plight of the billions of other individuals with whom we share the Earth. In order to take another step in rectifying criminology’s blindness to the non-human world, we propose a ‘Wildlife Criminology’. Wildlife Criminology is a complimentary project that expands the existing green and critical criminological scholarship even further beyond the human. As the book’s chapters will demonstrate, criminology’s current and future engagement with wildlife issues needs to develop by considering wider notions of crime and harm involving non-human animals and plants. We focus on non-human animals: as property, as food, for sport, reflectors of violence, the link to interpersonal human violence, and rights through exploration of four interconnected themes - commodification and exploitation, violence, rights, and speciesism and othering. We offer directions for the future of criminal justice system, humans’ relationship to the non-human, and for the project of Wildlife Criminology.
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Benite, Zvi Ben-Dor. Religions and World History. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0013.
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This article examines the link between religions and world history. Samuel Purchas's initial approach to world history was simply ‘observing’ all the world's religions. The project grew to encompass much more, but the idea of ‘pilgrimage’ remained prominent. Religions are often presented as a universal human experience, yet there is in fact no universal definition of religion. In some cultures a religion is more a system of faith or of thought or philosophy. The discussion argues that without the concept of religion, world history is impossible. One of the most enduring outcomes of encounters or clashes between polities, civilizations, and cultures, is religion. as long as human encounters continue, new religions will keep emerging, and old religions will keep changing. The discussion closes by describing the holy site of Mt Moriah, or the Temple Mount, in Jerusalem.
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Kadelbach, Stefan, Thomas Kleinlein, and David Roth-Isigkeit. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198768586.003.0001.
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This introduction explains the goals and the framework of the present volume. The volume considers the history of international legal thought to be a project that highlights the intimate relationship of philosophy and law in understanding the present models of global order. The interplay of system and order serves as a leitmotiv throughout the book and helps to link historical models to today’s discourse. It also explains the particular relevance of the period from Machiavelli to Hegel for this framework. The introduction then expounds the plan of the book: In the first part, individual chapters cover thinkers from Machiavelli to Hegel. The second part of the book is devoted to horizontal themes that open the opportunity to test old authorities against present-day approaches. Their analyses deepen the understanding of international legal thinking by pointing to often neglected elements, scrutinizing the knowledge–creation of the subject as we know it.
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Llewellyn, Matthew P., and John Gleaves. Selling Out the Amateur Ideal. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040351.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the continued decline of amateurism during the late 1960s and 1970s. Soaked in the countercultural spirit of the era, movements around the world challenged social norms and social order, often through radical and subversive efforts. The sustained push for civil rights along racial, gender, and social lines powerfully exposed the system of inequality in capitalist societies. Amateur sport was not immune to emerging cultural movements that challenged exploitation and threatened the status quo. Hair gradually lengthened as athletes questioned the authority of coaches and administrators. The sociologist Harry Edwards founded the Olympic Project for Human Rights in 1967, which also protested racial discrimination in both sport and society at large. Even sportswomen mobilized in their push for greater inclusion and pay equity, particularly as television and commercial marketing transformed elite sport into lucrative commodities. The International Olympic Committee suddenly found itself caught between the pillars of tradition and modernity. Under the leadership of its aging president, Avery Brundage, it struggled to keep pace with the shifting sporting landscape.
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Feinsod, Harris. The Poetry of the Americas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682002.001.0001.
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The Poetry of the Americas offers an expansive, detailed history of relations among poets in the United States and Latin America, spanning three decades from the Good Neighbor diplomacy of World War II through the Cold War cultural policies of the late 1960s. Connecting works by Martín Adán, Elizabeth Bishop, Paul Blackburn, Jorge Luis Borges, Julia de Burgos, Ernesto Cardenal, Jorge Carrera Andrade, Allen Ginsberg, Langston Hughes, José Lezama Lima, Pablo Neruda, Charles Olson, Octavio Paz, Heberto Padilla, Wallace Stevens, Derek Walcott, William Carlos Williams, and many others, Feinsod reveals how poets of many nations imagined a “poetry of the Americas” that linked multiple cultures, even as it reflected the inequities of the inter-American political system. This account encompasses a rich contextual study of the state-sponsored institutions and the countercultural networks that sustained this poetry, from Nelson Rockefeller’s Office of the Coordinator for Inter-American Affairs to the mid-1960s avant-garde scene in Mexico City. This innovative literary-historical project enables new readings of such canonical poems as Stevens’s “Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction” and Neruda’s “The Heights of Macchu Picchu,” but it positions these alongside lesser-known poetry, translations, anthologies, literary journals, and private correspondences culled from library archives across the Americas. The Poetry of the Americas thus broadens the horizons of reception and mutual influence—and of formal, historical, and political possibility—through which we encounter midcentury American poetry, recasting traditional categories of “US” or “Latin American” literature within a truly hemispheric vision.
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Trepulė, Elena, Airina Volungevičienė, Margarita Teresevičienė, Estela Daukšienė, Rasa Greenspon, Giedrė Tamoliūnė, Marius Šadauskas, and Gintarė Vaitonytė. Guidelines for open and online learning assessment and recognition with reference to the National and European qualification framework: micro-credentials as a proposal for tuning and transparency. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/9786094674792.
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These Guidelines are one of the results of the four-year research project “Open Online Learning for Digital and Networked Society” (2017-2021). The project objective was to enable university teachers to design open and online learning through open and online learning curriculum and environment applying learning analytics as a metacognitive tool and creating open and online learning assessment and recognition practices, responding to the needs of digital and networked society. The research of the project resulted in 10 scientific publications and 2 studies prepared by Vytautas Magnus university Institute of Innovative Studies research team in collaboration with their international research partners from Germany, Spain and Portugal. The final stage of the research attempted creating open and online learning assessment and recognition practices, responding to the learner needs in contemporary digital and networked society. The need for open learning recognition has been increasing during the recent decade while the developments of open learning related to the Covid 19 pandemics have dramatically increased the need for systematic and high-quality assessment and recognition of learning acquired online. The given time also relates to the increased need to offer micro-credentials to learners, as well as a rising need for universities to prepare for micro-credentialization and issue new digital credentials to learners who are regular students, as well as adult learners joining for single courses. The increased need of all labour - market participants for frequent and fast renewal of competences requires a well working and easy to use system of open learning assessment and recognition. For learners, it is critical that the micro-credentials are well linked to national and European qualification frameworks, as well as European digital credential infrastructures (e.g., Europass and similar). For employers, it is important to receive requested quality information that is encrypted in the metadata of the credential. While for universities, there is the need to properly prepare institutional digital infrastructure, organizational procedures, descriptions of open learning opportunities and virtual learning environments to share, import and export the meta-data easily and seamlessly through European Digital Hub service infrastructures, as well as ensure that academic and administrative staff has digital competencies to design, issue and recognise open learning through digital and micro-credentials. The first chapter of the Guidelines provides a background view of the European Qualification Framework and National Qualification frameworks for the further system of gaining, stacking and modelling further qualifications through open online learning. The second chapter suggests the review of current European policy papers and consultations on the establishment of micro-credentials in European higher education. The findings of the report of micro-credentials higher education consultation group “European Approach to Micro-credentials” is shortly introduced, as well as important policy discussions taking place. Responding to the Rome Bologna Comunique 2020, where the ministers responsible for higher education agreed to support lifelong learning through issuing micro-credentials, a joint endeavour of DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion and DG Research and Innovation resulted in one of the most important political documents highlighting the potential of micro-credentials towards economic, social and education innovations. The consultation group of experts from the Member States defined the approach to micro-credentials to facilitate their validation, recognition and portability, as well as to foster a larger uptake to support individual learning in any subject area and at any stage of life or career. The Consultation Group also suggested further urgent topics to be discussed, including the storage, data exchange, portability, and data standards of micro-credentials and proposed EU Standard of constitutive elements of micro-credentials. The third chapter is devoted to the institutional readiness to issue and to recognize digital and micro-credentials. Universities need strategic decisions and procedures ready to be enacted for assessment of open learning and issuing micro-credentials. The administrative and academic staff needs to be aware and confident to follow these procedures while keeping the quality assurance procedures in place, as well. The process needs to include increasing teacher awareness in the processes of open learning assessment and the role of micro-credentials for the competitiveness of lifelong learners in general. When the strategic documents and procedures to assess open learning are in place and the staff is ready and well aware of the processes, the description of the courses and the virtual learning environment needs to be prepared to provide the necessary metadata for the assessment of open learning and issuing of micro-credentials. Different innovation-driven projects offer solutions: OEPass developed a pilot Learning Passport, based on European Diploma Supplement, MicroHE developed a portal Credentify for displaying, verifying and sharing micro-credential data. Credentify platform is using Blockchain technology and is developed to comply with European Qualifications Framework. Institutions, willing to join Credentify platform, should make strategic discussions to apply micro-credential metadata standards. The ECCOE project building on outcomes of OEPass and MicroHE offers an all-encompassing set of quality descriptors for credentials and the descriptions of learning opportunities in higher education. The third chapter also describes the requirements for university structures to interact with the Europass digital credentials infrastructure. In 2020, European Commission launched a new Europass platform with Digital Credential Infrastructure in place. Higher education institutions issuing micro-credentials linked to Europass digital credentials infrastructure may offer added value for the learners and can increase reliability and fraud-resistant information for the employers. However, before using Europass Digital Credentials, universities should fulfil the necessary preconditions that include obtaining a qualified electronic seal, installing additional software and preparing the necessary data templates. Moreover, the virtual learning environment needs to be prepared to export learning outcomes to a digital credential, maintaining and securing learner authentication. Open learning opportunity descriptions also need to be adjusted to transfer and match information for the credential meta-data. The Fourth chapter illustrates how digital badges as a type of micro-credentials in open online learning assessment may be used in higher education to create added value for the learners and employers. An adequately provided metadata allows using digital badges as a valuable tool for recognition in all learning settings, including formal, non-formal and informal.
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Transportation infrastructure: States' implementation of transportation management systems : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Plotch, Philip Mark. Last Subway. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801453663.001.0001.
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This book is the fascinating and dramatic story behind New York City's struggle to build a new subway line under Second Avenue and improve transit services all across the city. The book reveals why the city's subway system, once the best in the world, is now too often unreliable, overcrowded, and uncomfortable. It explains how a series of uninformed and self-serving elected officials have fostered false expectations about the city's ability to adequately maintain and significantly expand its transit system. Since the 1920s, New Yorkers have been promised a Second Avenue subway. When the first of four planned phases opened on Manhattan's Upper East Side in 2017, subway service improved for tens of thousands of people. Riders have been delighted with the clean, quiet, and spacious new stations. Yet these types of accomplishments will not be repeated unless New Yorkers learn from their century-long struggle. The book offers valuable lessons in how governments can overcome political gridlock and enormous obstacles to build grand projects. However, it is also a cautionary tale for cities. It reveals how false promises, redirected funds, and political ambitions have derailed subway improvements. Given the ridiculously high cost of building new subways in New York and their lengthy construction period, the Second Avenue subway (if it is ever completed) will be the last subway built in New York for generations to come.
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Pomfret, Richard. The Central Asian Economies in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182216.001.0001.
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This book analyzes the Central Asian economies of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, from their buffeting by the commodity boom of the early 2000s to its collapse in 2014. The book examines the countries' relations with external powers and the possibilities for development offered by infrastructure projects as well as rail links between China and Europe. The transition of these nations from centrally planned to market-based economic systems was essentially complete by the early 2000s, when the region experienced a massive increase in world prices for energy and mineral exports. This raised incomes in the main oil and gas exporters, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan; brought more benefits to the most populous country, Uzbekistan; and left the poorest countries, the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan, dependent on remittances from migrant workers in oil-rich Russia and Kazakhstan. The book considers the enhanced role of the Central Asian nations in the global economy and their varied ties to China, the European Union, Russia, and the United States. With improved infrastructure and connectivity between China and Europe (reflected in regular rail freight services since 2011 and China's announcement of its Belt and Road Initiative in 2013), relaxation of UN sanctions against Iran in 2016, and the change in Uzbekistan's presidency in late 2016, a window of opportunity appears to have opened for Central Asian countries to achieve more sustainable economic futures.
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Crespo Miguel, Mario. Automatic corpus-based translation of a spanish framenet medical glossary. 2020th ed. Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/9788447230051.
Full textAbstract:
Computational linguistics is the scientific study of language from a computational perspective. It aims is to provide computational models of natural language processing (NLP) and incorporate them into practical applications such as speech synthesis, speech recognition, automatic translation and many others where automatic processing of language is required. The use of good linguistic resources is crucial for the development of computational linguistics systems. Real world applications need resources which systematize the way linguistic information is structured in a certain language. There is a continuous effort to increase the number of linguistic resources available for the linguistic and NLP Community. Most of the existing linguistic resources have been created for English, mainly because most modern approaches to computational lexical semantics emerged in the United States. This situation is changing over time and some of these projects have been subsequently extended to other languages; however, in all cases, much time and effort need to be invested in creating such resources. Because of this, one of the main purposes of this work is to investigate the possibility of extending these resources to other languages such as Spanish. In this work, we introduce some of the most important resources devoted to lexical semantics, such as WordNet or FrameNet, and those focusing on Spanish such as 3LB-LEX or Adesse. Of these, this project focuses on FrameNet. The project aims to document the range of semantic and syntactic combinatory possibilities of words in English. Words are grouped according to the different frames or situations evoked by their meaning. If we focus on a particular topic domain like medicine and we try to describe it in terms of FrameNet, we probably would obtain frames representing it like CURE, formed by words like cure.v, heal.v or palliative.a or MEDICAL CONDITIONS with lexical units such as arthritis.n, asphyxia.n or asthma.n. The purpose of this work is to develop an automatic means of selecting frames from a particular domain and to translate them into Spanish. As we have stated, we will focus on medicine. The selection of the medical frames will be corpus-based, that is, we will extract all the frames that are statistically significant from a representative corpus. We will discuss why using a corpus-based approach is a reliable and unbiased way of dealing with this task. We will present an automatic method for the selection of FrameNet frames and, in order to make sure that the results obtained are coherent, we will contrast them with a previous manual selection or benchmark. Outcomes will be analysed by using the F-score, a measure widely used in this type of applications. We obtained a 0.87 F-score according to our benchmark, which demonstrates the applicability of this type of automatic approaches. The second part of the book is devoted to the translation of this selection into Spanish. The translation will be made using EuroWordNet, a extension of the Princeton WordNet for some European languages. We will explore different ways to link the different units of our medical FrameNet selection to a certain WordNet synset or set of words that have similar meanings. Matching the frame units to a specific synset in EuroWordNet allows us both to translate them into Spanish and to add new terms provided by WordNet into FrameNet. The results show how translation can be done quite accurately (95.6%). We hope this work can add new insight into the field of natural language processing.
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Transportation infrastructure: Impacts of utility relocations on highway and bridge projects : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.
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Transportation infrastructure: Benefits of traffic control signal systems are not being fully realized : report to the Chairman, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.
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Transportation infrastructure: Central artery/tunnel project faces continued financial uncertainties : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Transportation and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
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Transportation infrastructure: Preserving the nation's investment in the Interstate Highway System : report to the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1991.
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Transportation infrastructure: Advantages and disadvantages of wrap-up insurance for large construction projects : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Transportation, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1999.
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Transportation infrastructure: FHWA should assess and compare the benefits of projects when awarding discretionary grants : report to the Chairman, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.
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Transportation infrastructure: Managing the costs of large-dollar highway projects : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring and the District of Columbia, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Benestad, Rasmus. Climate in the Barents Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.655.
Full textAbstract:
The Barents Sea is a region of the Arctic Ocean named after one of its first known explorers (1594–1597), Willem Barentsz from the Netherlands, although there are accounts of earlier explorations: the Norwegian seafarer Ottar rounded the northern tip of Europe and explored the Barents and White Seas between 870 and 890 ce, a journey followed by a number of Norsemen; Pomors hunted seals and walruses in the region; and Novgorodian merchants engaged in the fur trade. These seafarers were probably the first to accumulate knowledge about the nature of sea ice in the Barents region; however, scientific expeditions and the exploration of the climate of the region had to wait until the invention and employment of scientific instruments such as the thermometer and barometer. Most of the early exploration involved mapping the land and the sea ice and making geographical observations. There were also many unsuccessful attempts to use the Northeast Passage to reach the Bering Strait. The first scientific expeditions involved F. P. Litke (1821±1824), P. K. Pakhtusov (1834±1835), A. K. Tsivol’ka (1837±1839), and Henrik Mohn (1876–1878), who recorded oceanographic, ice, and meteorological conditions.The scientific study of the Barents region and its climate has been spearheaded by a number of campaigns. There were four generations of the International Polar Year (IPY): 1882–1883, 1932–1933, 1957–1958, and 2007–2008. A British polar campaign was launched in July 1945 with Antarctic operations administered by the Colonial Office, renamed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS); it included a scientific bureau by 1950. It was rebranded as the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in 1962 (British Antarctic Survey History leaflet). While BAS had its initial emphasis on the Antarctic, it has also been involved in science projects in the Barents region. The most dedicated mission to the Arctic and the Barents region has been the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), which has commissioned a series of reports on the Arctic climate: the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) report, the Snow Water Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) report, and the Adaptive Actions in a Changing Arctic (AACA) report.The climate of the Barents Sea is strongly influenced by the warm waters from the Norwegian current bringing heat from the subtropical North Atlantic. The region is 10°C–15°C warmer than the average temperature on the same latitude, and a large part of the Barents Sea is open water even in winter. It is roughly bounded by the Svalbard archipelago, northern Fennoscandia, the Kanin Peninsula, Kolguyev Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land, and is a shallow ocean basin which constrains physical processes such as currents and convection. To the west, the Greenland Sea forms a buffer region with some of the strongest temperature gradients on earth between Iceland and Greenland. The combination of a strong temperature gradient and westerlies influences air pressure, wind patterns, and storm tracks. The strong temperature contrast between sea ice and open water in the northern part sets the stage for polar lows, as well as heat and moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere. Glaciers on the Arctic islands generate icebergs, which may drift in the Barents Sea subject to wind and ocean currents.The land encircling the Barents Sea includes regions with permafrost and tundra. Precipitation comes mainly from synoptic storms and weather fronts; it falls as snow in the winter and rain in the summer. The land area is snow-covered in winter, and rivers in the region drain the rainwater and meltwater into the Barents Sea. Pronounced natural variations in the seasonal weather statistics can be linked to variations in the polar jet stream and Rossby waves, which result in a clustering of storm activity, blocking high-pressure systems. The Barents region is subject to rapid climate change due to a “polar amplification,” and observations from Svalbard suggest that the past warming trend ranks among the strongest recorded on earth. The regional change is reinforced by a number of feedback effects, such as receding sea-ice cover and influx of mild moist air from the south.
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Transportation infrastructure: Better tools needed for making decisions on using ISTEA funds flexibly : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.
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