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Journal articles on the topic 'Lipase catalyzed esterification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Rajendran, Aravindan, Anbumathi Palanisamy, and Viruthagiri Thangavelu. "Lipase catalyzed ester synthesis for food processing industries." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 1 (2009): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000100026.

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Lipases are one of the most important industrial biocatalyst which catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids. It can also reverse the reaction at minimum water activity. Because of this pliable nature, it is widely exploited to catalyze the diverse bioconversion reactions, such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis and aminolysis. The property to synthesize the esters from the fatty acids and glycerol promotes its use in various ester synthesis. The esters synthesized by lipase finds applications in numerous fields such as biodiesel production, resolution of the

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2

GANDHI, NEENA N., NITIN S. PATIL, SUDHIRPRAKASH B. SAWANT, JYESHTHARAJ B. JOSHI, PRAMOD P. WANGIKAR, and D. MUKESH. "Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification." Catalysis Reviews 42, no. 4 (2000): 439–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/cr-100101953.

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3

Zhang, Yuyang, Yan Yan, Zhiyuan Lin, et al. "Advancements in the Esterification of Phytosterols Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipase." Catalysts 15, no. 3 (2025): 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15030225.

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Phytosterol exhibits cholesterol-lowering, cardiovascular-protecting, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer efficacies but has low bioavailability due to its high melting point and poor solubility. Esterification with fatty acids enhances liposolubility, improving absorption and utilization fivefold. Industrial production of phytosterol esters mainly relies on chemical synthesis, which faces challenges in separation, purification, and quality assurance due to side reactions. Enzymatic synthesis, featuring mild conditions, environmental friendliness, and high selectivity, has gained attention from

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4

Pang, Na, Fang Qin Wang, Hong Sheng Cui, et al. "Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Propyl Ester in Ionic Liquid." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.555.

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Lipase-catalyzed esterification of caffeic acid with 1-propanol, to form caffeic acid propyl ester (CAPE), was investigated in ionic liquid using immobilized lipase. Ten ILs were used as the reaction medium; three types of lipases were selected as biocatalysts, and the lipase-catalyzed synthesis properties of CAPE were measured systematically in order to enhance the yield of CAPE. The results indicated that when [Bmim][Tf2N] was selected as reaction media, Novozym 435 was used as catalyst, the molar ratio of 1-propanol to CA was 10:1, the reaction temperature was 80 °C, and the mass ratio of c

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5

Ponnarasy, G., Md Maksudur Rahman Khan, Md Abul Kalam, and Mohd Sabri Mahmud. "Light Induced Esterification of Oleic Acid Catalyzed by Pseudomonas Cepacia Lipase." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 5, no. 4 (2014): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.506.

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6

Hari Krishna, S., and N. G. Karanth. "LIPASES AND LIPASE-CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS IN NONAQUEOUS MEDIA." Catalysis Reviews 44, no. 4 (2002): 499–591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/cr-120015481.

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7

Zhong, Hui, Zheng Fang, Bao Hua Zou, Xin Li, and Kai Guo. "Studies on the Esterification Synthesis of Alkyl Oleates in Solvent-Free System by Candida Sp. Lipase." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.599.

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The alkyl oleates were prepared by esterification of oleic acid with alkyl alcohols catalyzed by the lipase from Candida sp. 99-125 in solvent-free system. The influence of several factors, including enzyme concentration, temperature, molar ratio between oleic acid and alkyl alcohols and the structures of alcohols, was also investigated. The results indicated that the reactions catalyzed by lipase at 20 oC, in the presence of 5% (w/w) lipase, on the molar ratio of 1:1 between oleic acid and alcohols, afforded products in high yield and showed high selectivity to the alcohols with less hindranc

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8

Zhong, Hui, Zheng Fang, Bao Hua Zou, Xin Li, and Kai Guo. "Studies on the Immobilized-Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Alkyl Oleates in Solvent-Free Systems." Advanced Materials Research 645 (January 2013): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.645.19.

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The esterification of oleic acid with alkyl alcohols in solv ent-free systems was catalyzed by an immobilized lipase from Candida sp . 99-125. The influence of several factors, including enzyme concentration, temperature, molar ratio between oleic acid and alkyl alcohols, and structure of alcohol was also investigated. The results indicated that the reactions catalyzed by lipase at 20 o C, in the presence of 3% (w/w) lipase, on the molar ratio of 1:1 between oleic acid and alcohols, afforded products in high yield. It showed high selectivity to primary and low selectivity to secondary alcohols

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9

Zhou, Juntong, Qingqing Tian, Yuezhu Ma, Yue Wang, and Qing Huo. "Lipase-catalyzed selective esterification of catechin." Materials Express 11, no. 6 (2021): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1971.

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Catechins show strong antioxidant, antitumoral, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. The uses of catechins in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations seem very attractive. Unfortunately, solubility and stability of catechins are poor in apolar media, which limits their efficient uses. In order to improve the solubility of catechins in the oil phase and maintain their oxidation resistance, a regioselective enzymatic acylation was investigated. The effects of reaction medium, water content, carbon chain length of acyl donor and other factors on the acylation reaction were studied

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10

DUCRET, A., P. PEPIN, M. TRANI, and R. LORTIE. "Lipase-catalyzed Selective Esterification of Ibuprofen." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 799, no. 1 Enzyme Engine (1996): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33285.x.

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11

Stergiou, Panagiota-Yiolanda, Athanasios Foukis, Michalis Filippou, et al. "Advances in lipase-catalyzed esterification reactions." Biotechnology Advances 31, no. 8 (2013): 1846–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.08.006.

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12

Daniel, David K., Soni Malik, and Krastanov Albert. "Lipase-catalyzed esterification of palmarosa oil." Engineering in Life Sciences 11, no. 2 (2011): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201000099.

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13

Uribe, Jorge, María Elena Lienqueo, and Nadia Guajardo. "Optimization and Determination of Kinetic Parameters of the Synthesis of 5-Lauryl-hydroxymethylfurfural Catalyzed by Lipases." Catalysts 13, no. 1 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010019.

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Hydroxymethylfurfural esters (HMF-esters) have great potential for additive development; for this reason, the goal of this work was to study the optimization of the esterification conversion of HFM and lauric acid using two lipases: the Novozym 435® biocatalyst and immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL). For the optimization of conversion, a three-level three-factorial Box–Behnken experimental design was used. The models achieved a good fit (R2 over 90%) for reactions catalyzed with Novozym 435® and immobilized TL lipase. The best conversion, 78.4%, was achieved with immobilized

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14

Nyari, Nádia Ligianara, Alessandro Rogerio Paulazzi, Raquel Vera Zamadei, Jamile Zeni, and Rogério Marcos Dallago. "Esterification of acetic acid with alcohol isoamyl in the presence of enzymatic catalyst." Evidência 19, no. 2 (2019): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18593/eba.v19i2.20116.

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The Candida antarctica Lipase B immobilized on polyurethane catalysed esterification of acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol in mechanical and ultrasonic system in a system solvent-free, was studied. The maximum esterification of isoamyl acetate used immobilized catalyst was the highest esterification, 666.05 U/g with 19 cycles of reuse after 360 minutes of reaction time in mechanical system and 1319.48 U/g was observed and 14 cycles de reuse after 60 minutes of reaction time in ultrasound system. Thus, the process was considered efficient with significant reduction of the reaction time, low instr

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15

Singhania, Vani, Margery Cortes-Clerget, Jade Dussart-Gautheret, et al. "Lipase-catalyzed esterification in water enabled by nanomicelles. Applications to 1-pot multi-step sequences." Chemical Science 13, no. 5 (2022): 1440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc05660c.

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16

Lin, Rihui, He Li, Han Long, Jiating Su, and Wenqin Huang. "Synthesis of Rosin Acid Starch Catalyzed by Lipase." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/647068.

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Rosin, an abundant raw material from pine trees, was used as a starting material directly for the synthesis of rosin acid starch. The esterification reaction was catalyzed by lipase (Novozym 435) under mild conditions. Based on single factor experimentation, the optimal esterification conditions were obtained as follows: rosin acid/anhydrous glucose unit in the molar ratio 2 : 1, reaction time 4 h at 45°C, and 15% of lipase dosage. The degree of substitution (DS) reaches 0.098. Product from esterification of cassava starch with rosin acid was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and iodine coloratio

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17

Khairudin, Nurshafira, Mahiran Basri, Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi, Wan Sarah Samiun, and Shazwani Samson. "Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of dilauryl azelate ester: process optimization by artificial neural networks and reusability study." RSC Advances 5, no. 115 (2015): 94909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16623c.

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18

Weißbach, Ulla, Saumya Dabral, Laure Konnert, Carsten Bolm, and José G. Hernández. "Selective enzymatic esterification of lignin model compounds in the ball mill." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (August 25, 2017): 1788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.173.

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A lipase-catalyzed esterification of lignin model compounds in the ball mill was developed combining the advantages of enzyme catalysis and mechanochemistry. Under the described conditions, the primary aliphatic hydroxy groups present in the substrates were selectively modified by the biocatalyst to afford monoesterified products. Amongst the tested lipases, CALB proved to be the most effective biocatalyst for these transformations. Noteworthy, various acyl donors of different chain lengths were tolerated under the mechanochemical conditions.

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19

Silva, Jane E. S., and Paulo C. Jesus. "Evaluation of the catalytic activity of lipases immobilized on chrysotile for esterification." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 75, no. 2 (2003): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652003000200003.

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In the present work, the ester synthesis in organic media catalyzed by lipases immobilized on chrysotile was studied. Lipases of different sources (Mucor javanicus, Pseudomonas cepacia, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus niger and Candida rugosa) were immobilized on chrysotile, an inexpensive magnesium silicate, and used for esterification of hexanoic, octanoic and lauric acid with methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol and 1-octanol at 25ºC in hexane as solvent. The best results were obtained with Mucor javanicus lipase and lauric acid giving yields of 62-97% of ester.

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20

De Goede, A. T. J. W., M. Van Oosterom, M. P. J. Van Deurzen, R. A. Sheldon, H. Van Bekkum, and F. Van Rantwijk. "Selective Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Alkyl Glycosides." Biocatalysis 9, no. 1-4 (1994): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10242429408992116.

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21

Kula, Ceyda, and Nihat Alpagu Sayar. "Lipase Catalyzed Esterification Reactions–A Kinetic Model." New Biotechnology 31 (July 2014): S91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.1825.

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22

Singh, C. P., and D. O. Shah. "Lipase-catalyzed esterification in monolayers and microemulsions." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 77, no. 3 (1993): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(93)80119-y.

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23

Suresh Babu, C. V., N. G. Karanth, and S. Divakar. "ChemInform Abstract: Lipase Catalyzed Esterification of Cresols." ChemInform 33, no. 34 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200234102.

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24

Cavalcanti-Oliveira, Elisa d'Avila, Priscila Rufino da Silva, Alessandra Peçanha Ramos, Donato Alexandre Gomes Aranda, and Denise Maria Guimarães Freire. "Study of Soybean Oil Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase and Its Application to Biodiesel Production via Hydroesterification." Enzyme Research 2011 (October 31, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/618692.

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The process of biodiesel production by the hydroesterification route that is proposed here involves a first step consisting of triacylglyceride hydrolysis catalyzed by lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL 100L) to generate free fatty acids (FFAs). This step is followed by esterification of the FFAs with alcohol, catalyzed by niobic acid in pellets or without a catalyst. The best result for the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis was obtained under reaction conditions of 50% (v/v) soybean oil and 2.3% (v/v) lipase (25 U/mL of reaction medium) in distilled water and at 60∘C; an 89% conversion rate to

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25

Corrêa, Igor Nascentes dos Santos, Susana Lorena de Souza, Marly Catran, Otávio Luiz Bernardes, Márcio Figueiredo Portilho, and Marta Antunes Pereira Langone. "Enzymatic Biodiesel Synthesis Using a Byproduct Obtained from Palm Oil Refining." Enzyme Research 2011 (May 26, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/814507.

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An alternative route to produce biodiesel is based on esterification of free fatty acids present in byproducts obtained from vegetable oil refining, such as palm oil fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a byproduct of the production of edible palm oil, which contains 96 wt.% of free fatty acids. The purpose of this work was to study biodiesel synthesis via esterification of PFAD with methanol and ethanol, catalyzed by commercial immobilized lipases (Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM-IM, and Lipozyme TL-IM), in a solvent-free system. The effects of reaction parameters such as type of lipase, enzyme amo

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26

Zappaterra, Federico, Daniela Summa, Bruno Semeraro, et al. "Enzymatic Esterification as Potential Strategy to Enhance the Sorbic Acid Behavior as Food and Beverage Preservative." Fermentation 6, no. 4 (2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6040096.

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Sorbic acid is the most commonly used preservative in the food industry. The antimicrobial inhibition of sorbic acid could be influenced by its lipophilic nature, which reduces its use in hydrophilic food formulations. Reactions between sorbic acid and glycerol catalyzed by lipases were studied in order to develop a novel sorbic acid derivate with a promising hydrophilic profile. The esterification reaction between sorbic acid and glycerol in a solvent-free system were performed with an immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The glycerol sorbate product has been tested against S.

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27

Cheng, Wenjun, and Binbin Nian. "Computer-Aided Lipase Engineering for Improving Their Stability and Activity in the Food Industry: State of the Art." Molecules 28, no. 15 (2023): 5848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155848.

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As some of the most widely used biocatalysts, lipases have exhibited extreme advantages in many processes, such as esterification, amidation, and transesterification reactions, which causes them to be widely used in food industrial production. However, natural lipases have drawbacks in terms of organic solvent resistance, thermostability, selectivity, etc., which limits some of their applications in the field of foods. In this systematic review, the application of lipases in various food processes was summarized. Moreover, the general structure of lipases is discussed in-depth, and the enginee

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28

Papamichael, Emmanuel M., and Panagiota-Yiolanda Stergiou. "Reformulated Kinetics of Immobilized Enzymes in Non-Conventional Media: A Case of Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification." Catalysts 14, no. 11 (2024): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14110830.

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Several approaches have been reported that aim to achieve simplified standardizations of the kinetic behavior of immobilized enzymes under specific experimental conditions. We have previously published simplified rate equations based on the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. Recently, new experimental results have become available on the kinetics and mechanisms of esterifications catalyzed by immobilized lipase in unconventional media, and consequently, a reformulation of their kinetics is necessary. In this work, we report the development of simplified rate equations relating the aforementioned

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29

Sholeha, Rofiqotus, and Rudiana Agustini. "LIPASE BIJI-BIJIAN DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA." Unesa Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 2 (2021): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ujc.v10n2.p168-183.

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Abstrak. Kebutuhan enzim sebagai biokatalis dalam bidang industri saat ini sangat tinggi. Jenis enzim yang bermacam-macam dan dari berbagai sumber telah banyak diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satu jenis enzim yang terus diteliti dan dikembangkan adalah lipase. Lipase adalah enzim golongan hidrolase yang mengkatalisis proses hidrolisis trigliserida menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak bebas.Lipase dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai sumber seperti pada mikroorganisme, hewan dan tumbuhan. Lipase banyak digunakan pada industri makanan, detergen, minyak, biodiesel dan farmasi. Artikel ini memaparkan bebera

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30

Engel, Karl-Heinz. "Lipase-catalyzed enantioselective esterification of 2-methylalkanoic acids." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2, no. 3 (1991): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4166(00)82349-6.

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31

Yesiloglu, Yesim, and Ismail Kilic. "Lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol and oleic acid." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 81, no. 3 (2004): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-0896-5.

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32

Fuganti, Claudio, Giuseppe Pedrocchi-Fantoni, and Stefano Servi. "Lipase Catalyzed Regioselective Esterification of a Terminal Diol." Chemistry Letters 19, no. 7 (1990): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1990.1137.

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33

Marty, A., W. Chulalaksananukul, R. M. Willemot, and J. S. Condoret. "Kinetics of lipase-catalyzed esterification in supercritical CO2." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39, no. 3 (1992): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390304.

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34

Martins, Jo�o F., Manuel Nunes Da Ponte, and Susana Barreiros. "Lipase catalyzed esterification of glycidol in organic solvents." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42, no. 4 (1993): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420409.

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35

XiaoYan, Long, Pan JiuXiang, and Yao LinQiu. "Lipase-catalyzed esterification of konjac glucomannan in isooctane." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 35, no. 4 (2016): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.12330.

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36

Pan, Hu, Hu Li, Heng Zhang, Anping Wang, and Song Yang. "Functional Nanomaterials-Catalyzed Production of Biodiesel." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 3 (2020): 376–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190411142820.

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Background: Biodiesel, as a green and renewable biofuel, has great potential to replace fossil diesel. The development of efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts is vital to produce biodiesel in an efficient and green way. Nanocatalysts provide a high surface-to-volume ratio as well as high active site loading and can improve mass transfer, which is beneficial to enhance their catalytic activity. Objective: The review focuses on the latest advances in the production of biodiesel using nanostructured catalysts. Methods: Biodiesel is mainly produced through esterification and transesterific

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37

Tonova, K., Z. Lazarova, N. Nemestothy, L. Gubicza, and K. Belafi-Bako. "Lipase-catalyzed esterification in a reversed micellar reaction system." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 12, no. 3 (2006): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0603175t.

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In this work, the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of i-amyl oleate was performed in a reversed micellar system of a cationic surfactant, CPC. The influence of the RM-system constituents on the biocatalysis characteristics (initial esterification rate and conversion extent) was studied and discussed in terms of the RM-structure. The initial water content in the RM-system (the water to surfactant mole ratio, Wo), affected both reaction parameters in a bell-shaped manner, with the maximum depending on the alcohol amount. In general the optimal Wo-values remained between 34 ?40 for a wide range of the

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38

Ramos, Paulo Rodolfo, Alessandra Lopes de Oliveira, Giselle Vallim Correa Ramos, and Eliana Setsuko Kamimura. "Esterification Process in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Geotrichum candidum Lipase Produced with Mozzarella Cheese Whey and Corn Steep Liquor." Processes 12, no. 10 (2024): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12102086.

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The valorization of industrial waste in the production of new products is a growing trend, with food waste showing significant promise as a raw material for various industries. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the production of Geotrichum candidum lipase using industrial waste, such as mozzarella cheese whey (MCW) and corn steep liquor (CSL), and to analyze how effectively it catalyzes the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Lipase production was carried out in medium containing MCW and CSL, with fermentation conditions optimized using a fractional factorial experimental design

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39

Lv, Songtai, Xiaoqiang Zou, Haifeng Qian, Jie Qin, Qingzhe Jin, and Xingguo Wang. "Impact of ionic liquid properties on selective enrichment of glycerides in direct lipase-catalyzed esterification." RSC Advances 6, no. 110 (2016): 108697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24089e.

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The direct lipase-catalyzed esterification of oleic acid and glycerol was studied in ionic liquids in order to deduce the effects of solvent properties such as viscosity, E<sub>N</sub><sup>T</sup>, log P and Kamlet–Taft parameters on selective enrichment of glycerides.

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40

Carullo, Gabriele, and Francesca Aiello. "Quercetin-3-oleate." Molbank 2018, no. 3 (2018): M1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1006.

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Polyphenols are well-known health promoting agents, but they have some limitations due to their spontaneous oxidation. This evidence has limited their use as drugs in recent years. In this field, several chemical modifications have been proposed to overcome these restrictions; among these, esterification seems to be the preferred modification. Ester derivatives may be able to reduce the bioavailability problems connected to polyphenols. On the other hand, the presence of esterase enzymes in the body guarantees ester hydrolysis, which in turn frees the two molecules that make it up. Lipase-cata

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41

Zieniuk, Bartłomiej, Chimaobi James Ononamadu, Karina Jasińska, Katarzyna Wierzchowska, and Agata Fabiszewska. "Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity, Antimicrobial Properties and Molecular Docking Studies of Butyl Dihydrocaffeate." Molecules 27, no. 15 (2022): 5024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27155024.

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Green chemistry approaches, such as lipase-catalyzed esterification, are promising methods for obtaining valuable chemical compounds. In the case of the use of lipases, unlike in aqueous environments, the processes of the ester bond formations are encountered in organic solvents. The aim of the current research was to carry out the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of an ester of dihydrocaffeic acid. The synthesized compound was then evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, the vast majority of its antioxidant activity was retained, which was demonstrated by means of DPPH· (2,

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42

KOLISIS, F. N., T. P. VALIS, and A. XENAKIS. "Lipase-catalyzed Esterification of Fatty Acids in Nonionic Microemulsions." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 613, no. 1 Enzyme Engine (1990): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb18244.x.

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43

Kamal, Ahmed, and Maddamsetty V. Rao. "Lipase-catalyzed resolution: Enantioselective esterification of 2-propanol amines." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2, no. 8 (1991): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4166(00)80451-6.

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44

Kim, In-Hwan, and Sun-Mi Lee. "Synthesis of Diacylglycerols Containing CLA by Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification." Journal of Food Science 71, no. 7 (2006): C378—C382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00114.x.

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45

Berger, Matthias, Kurt Laumen, and Manfred P. Schneider. "Lipase-catalyzed esterification of hydrophilic diols in organic solvents." Biotechnology Letters 14, no. 7 (1992): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01023939.

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46

Satyawali, Y., V. Akemeier, W. Dejonghe, H. De Wever, and W. Van Hecke. "Lipase-Catalyzed Solvent-Free Esterification of Furan Containing Components." Waste and Biomass Valorization 10, no. 2 (2017): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-0060-5.

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Abdul Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin, Naz Chaibakhsh, and Mahiran Basri. "Effect of Alcohol Structure on the Optimum Condition for Novozym 435-Catalyzed Synthesis of Adipate Esters." Biotechnology Research International 2011 (December 27, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/162987.

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Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B, Novozym 435, was used as the biocatalyst in the esterification of adipic acid with four different isomers of butanol (n-butanol, sec-butanol, iso-butanol, and tert-butanol). Optimum conditions for the synthesis of adipate esters were obtained using response surface methodology approach with a four-factor-five-level central composite design concerning important reaction parameters which include time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and amount of enzyme. Reactions under optimized conditions has yielded a high percentage of esterification (>96%) for

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Xin, Jia-ying, Li-rui Sun, Shu-ming Chen, Yan Wang, and Chun-gu Xia. "Synthesis of L-Ascorbyl Flurbiprofenate by Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5751262.

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The synthesis of L-ascorbyl flurbiprofenate was achieved by esterification and transesterification in nonaqueous organic medium with Novozym 435 lipase as biocatalyst. The conversion was greatly influenced by the kinds of organic solvents, speed of agitation, catalyst loading amount, reaction time, and molar ratio of acyl donor to L-ascorbic acid. A series of solvents were investigated, and tert-butanol was found to be the most suitable from the standpoint of the substrate solubility and the conversion for both the esterification and transesterification. When flurbiprofen was used as acyl dono

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Bassanini, Ivan, Lucia Roncaglia, Bruno Danieli, and Sergio Riva. "Regioselective Esterification of Cardiac Glycosides Catalyzed by Novozym 435 and Lipase PS in Organic Solvents." Catalysts 13, no. 5 (2023): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13050819.

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The enzymatic acetylation in the organic solvents of a number of the important bioactive cardiac glycosides was investigated. With the bufanolide proscillaridin A and the cardenolide lanatoside C, acylation, as expected, occurred at the secondary 4′-OH of the rhamnopyranosyl unit of the former (by the action of Novozym 435 lipase) and the primary 6′′′′-OH of the terminal glucopyranosyl unit of the latter (best results obtained by the action of the lipase PS). Only lipase PS was found to be able to acylate the cardenolides digitoxin and digoxin at the 4‴-OH of their terminal digitoxose unit. Th

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Travalia, Beatriz Medeiros, Mercia Galvão, Alvaro Silva Lima, Cleide Mara Faria Soares, Narendra Narain, and Luciana Cristina Lins de Aquino Santana. "Effect of parameters on butyl butyrate synthesis using novel Aspergillus niger lipase as biocatalyst." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 40, no. 1 (2018): 35999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v40i1.35999.

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A novel “green” Aspergillus niger lipase, obtained from the fermentation of pumpkin seeds, was used in a free form and encapsulated in sol-gel matri x in butyl butyrate (pineapple flavor) synthesis. Esterification reactions were performed with varying substrate molar ratio (butanol: butyric acid) ranging between 1:1 and 5:1; temperature between 30 and 60°C and biocatalyst mass between 0 and 1g, respectively, according to experimental design 23 with 6 axial and 3 central points. Maximum butyl butyrate production was obtained when substrate molar ratio (butanol:butyric acid) 3:1, temperature at

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