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Chaudhary, Nanda Kishwor, Ram Hari Chapagain, Sani Sipai, Suryakant Chaudhary, and Krishan Prasad Paudel. "Familial Chylomicronaemia: A Neonate with Milky White Blood." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 38, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v38i2.20473.
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Familial Chylomicronaemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by deficiency or absence of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or its co-factor apoC-II which causes severe elevation of triglyceride and chylomicron resulting in lipaemic plasma, recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis, eruptive xanthomas, hepato-splenomegaly and lipaemiaretinalis. We report a case of term female neonate with lipaemic plasma, lipemia retinalis, markedly elevated triglyceride level which is consistent with diagnosis of Familial Chylomicronaemia.
Keywords: Familial Chylomicronemia, lipemic plasma, triglyceride level, Lipemia retinalis
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Soleimani, Neda, Sahand Mohammadzadeh, and Fateme Asadian. "Lipemia Interferences in Biochemical Tests, Investigating the Efficacy of Different Removal Methods in comparison with Ultracentrifugation as the Gold Standard." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2020 (February 12, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9857636.
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Introduction. As a common interferer in clinical chemistry, lipemic specimens could be a source of significant analytical errors. Ultracentrifugation has been by far the only reliable, but an unavailable and expensive, method to eliminate the lipemic effect. Materials and Methods. Among the daily samples, those with triglyceride >400 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L) and also turbid were selected, divided into three groups, based on triglyceride concentration, and three pooled serums were made for each group. Then all pooled serums were investigated by using a DIRUI biochemistry analyzer CS-800 for routine chemistry tests in different methods including direct measurement, serum blank, serum dilution, and measurement after ultracentrifugation. Results. According to our study, there were significant differences before and after ultracentrifugation in all lipemic levels and for all parameters except for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and uric acid. Based on allowable inaccuracy for each parameter, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, total protein, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), urea, and chloride are being influenced by all lipemic degree and neither serum dilution nor using serum blank is as effective as ultracentrifuge for elimination. Serum blank was a proper method of lipid removal for the measurement of glucose. Conclusion. Lipemia is a well-known interferer in clinical chemistry. One cannot avoid lipemia, but fortunately, severe lipemia is a rare phenomenon in the laboratory, and for assessment of some analytes in a lower degree of lipemia, use of serum blank eliminates the need for ultracentrifuge.
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Van Elslande, Jan, Michel Langlois, Pieter Vermeersch, Glynis Frans, Bart Van der Schueren, Ann Mertens, Björn Meijers, Katrien De Vusser, and Samira Hijjit. "Delayed diagnosis and treatment of extreme hypertriglyceridemia due to rejection of a lipemic sample." Biochemia medica 31, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2021.021002.
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Most laboratories routinely determine haemolysis, icterus and lipemia indices to identify lipemic samples and reject potentially affected results. Hypertriglyceridemia is the most common cause of lipemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 11.3 mmol/L) is a major risk factor of acute pancreatitis. A 56-year-old woman attended the outpatient clinic for a follow-up visit 1 month after a kidney transplantation. Her immunosuppressive therapy consisted of corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and mycophenolic acid. The routine clinical chemistry sample was rejected due to extreme lipemia. The comment “extreme lipemic sample” was added on the report, but the requesting physician could not be reached. The Cobas 8000 gave a technical error (absorption > 3.3) for the HIL-indices (L-index: 38.6 mmol/L) which persisted after high-speed centrifugation. The patient was given a new appointment 2 days later. The new sample was also grossly lipemic and gave the same technical error (L-index: 35.9 mmol/L). The second sample was manually diluted 20-fold after centrifugation to obtain a result for triglycerides within the measuring range (0.10–50.0 mmol/L). Triglycerides were 169.1 mmol/L, corresponding to very severe hypertriglyceridemia. This result was communicated to the nephrologist and the patient immediately recalled to the hospital. She received therapeutic plasma exchange the next day and did not develop acute pancreatitis. This case illustrates the delicate balance between avoiding the release of unreliable results due to lipemia and the risk of delayed diagnosis when results are rejected. Providing an estimate of the degree of hypertriglyceridemia might be preferable to rejecting the result.
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Krenzer, Joseph, Alyson Nelson, Trisha Robakowski, Kevin Grant, Kornelia Galior, and Sarah A. Hackenmueller. "Lipemic Interference in Basic Metabolic Panels: Increasing the Lipemia Index Threshold in Order to Decrease the Frequency of Ultracentrifugation." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, Supplement_1 (October 2020): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa137.027.
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Abstract Introduction Lipemia in clinical chemistry samples is a problematic form of interference. Clearing these samples for routine testing can be time consuming and increases the turn-around time for these specimens. In our laboratory, samples with a lipemia index >50 (L-index) are manually inspected and visibly lipemic specimens are cleared by ultracentrifugation. Objective The objective of this study was to determine at what L-index ultracentrifugation of lipemic BMP specimens is necessary prior to sample testing to ensure accurate results. Methods Specimens consisted of routinely ordered basic metabolic panels (BMP) that met current criteria for ultracentrifugation, which included an L-index >50 as measured on the Abbott Architect c8000 and visual lipemia. Specimens meeting these criteria were ultracentrifuged and retested. The difference of the pre-ultracentrifuged and post-ultracentrifuged result was evaluated and put into a percent to find the ‘percent difference’ and evaluated against the total allowable error (TEa) for each analyte. If the difference observed following ultracentrifugation was less than or equal to 50% of the TEa, clearance of lipemia by ultracentrifugation was considered unnecessary. Values from all BMP component tests were analyzed in order to find an L-index threshold at which samples need to be ultracentrifuged which could be applied to the entire panel. The report of lipemic indices for BMPs for the month of January 2020 were extracted from the laboratory information system to evaluate the potential impact of altering the L-index threshold for ultracentrifugation. Results Based on the acceptance criteria of ≤50% of TEa, L-index thresholds for Na, K, Cl, calcium, glucose, creatinine, CO2 and BUN were <203, <410, <287, <387, <410, <285, < 153 and <285, respectively. All the calculated differences or percent differences for each analyte did not exceed 50% of the TEa for a given analyte when the L-index was 150 or less. Adjusting the L-index to 150 and applying it to the 195 lipemic BMP samples in January 2020, would have potentially decreased the number of samples requiring ultracentrifugation to 24 lipemic BMPs (88% reduction). Conclusion These data suggest that an L-index greater than 150 can be used for all analytes within a BMP as the threshold for requiring ultracentrifugation. The BMP is one of the most frequently ordered tests in our laboratory and consistently accounts for a substantial portion of the lipemic samples that require ultracentrifugation. Increasing the L-index at which samples will be ultracentrifuged from 50 to 150 would potentially result in an 88% reduction in one month of BMP samples requiring ultracentrifugation.
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Adiga, Dr Usha, and Dr B. N. Malawadi. "Lipemic index a tool to measure lipemia." International Journal of Medical Research and Review 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/ijmrr.2016.i04.23.
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Emerson, Sam R., Mark D. Haub, Colby S. Teeman, Stephanie P. Kurti, and Sara K. Rosenkranz. "Summation of blood glucose and TAG to characterise the ‘metabolic load index’." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 9 (October 24, 2016): 1553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003585.
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AbstractResearch points to postprandial glucose and TAG measures as preferable assessments of cardiovascular risk as compared with fasting values. Although elevated postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic responses are thought to substantially increase chronic disease risk, postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia have historically only been considered separately. However, carbohydrates and fats can generally ‘compete’ for clearance from the stomach, small intestine, bloodstream and within the peripheral cell. Further, there are previous data demonstrating that the addition of carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts the postprandial lipaemic response, and the addition of fat to a high-carbohydrate meal blunts the postprandial glycaemic response. Thus, postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia are interrelated. The purpose of this brief review is 2-fold: first, to review the current evidence implicating postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia in chronic disease risk, and, second, to examine the possible utility of a single postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic summative value, which will be referred to as the metabolic load index. The potential benefits of the metabolic load index extend to the clinician, patient and researcher.
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Hanson, N. Q., T. S. LeGeault, and E. F. Freier. "Immunonephelometry of apolipoprotein B with a centrifugal analyzer." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 1882–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.10.1882.
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Abstract We developed an automated immunonephelometric assay for the measurement of apolipoprotein B (apo B) with a light-scattering microcentrifugal analyzer. Pretreating specimens with a dilute solution of Tween 20 or triglyceride lipase decreased the nephelometric response of apo B. Polyethylene glycol is included in the reaction mixture, and the reaction is complete within 4 min. The method is precise (CV = 6.5%, mean = 0.68 g/L) and the standard curve is linear to an apo B concentration of 2.8 g/L. Lipemia does not interfere with the method if grossly lipemic specimens are centrifuged to remove chylomicrons.
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Unger, M., C. Schwedes, S. Bentele, S. Klumpp, and M. Brückner. "Koprostase durch ein intrapelvines Lipom bei einer 12 Jahre alten Mischlingshündin." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 37, no. 01 (2009): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1622735.
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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand: Der Artikel beschreibt klinische Symptomatik, diagnostische Aufarbeitung und chirurgische Therapie eines intrapelvinen Lipoms. Verlauf und Ergebnisse: Die klinische Untersuchung, Röntgenaufnahmen des Abdomens und der zytologische Befund einer mittels Feinnadelaspiration gewonnenen Gewebeprobe ergaben die klinische Verdachtsdiagnose eines intrapelvinen Lipoms. Computertomographisch ließ sich eine klar begrenzte fettdichte Struktur im Beckenkanal ohne Beteiligung der umgebenden Gewebe darstellen, die anhand der Hounsfield-Einheiten als Fettgewebe anzusprechen war. Über einen perinealen Zugang erfolgten eine Teilresektion der Fettgeschwulst und eine Fettabsaugung. Die histopathologische Untersuchung bestätigte den klinischen Verdacht eines einfachen Lipoms. 22 Monate postoperativ ist der Hund symptomfrei. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Einfache Lipome finden sich typischerweise in der Unterhaut und nur in Ausnahmefällen in der Brust-, Bauch- oder Beckenhöhle, wo sie zu einer Funktionseinschränkung anderer Organe oder anatomischer Strukturen führen können. Nach einer exakten Diagnosestellung kann aufgrund des langsamen Wachstums der Lipome eine chirurgische Teilresektion in Verbindung mit einer Liposuktion unter Umständen ausreichen, um dem Patienten über längere Zeit Beschwerdefreiheit zu verschaffen.
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García-Vázquez, Carlos, Jorge L. Ble-Castillo, Yolanda Arias-Córdova, Rubén Córdova-Uscanga, Carlos A. Tovilla-Zárate, Isela E. Juárez-Rojop, Viridiana Olvera-Hernández, Carina S. Alvarez-Villagomez, Ana M. Nolasco-Coleman, and Juan C. Díaz-Zagoya. "Effects of Resistant Starch Ingestion on Postprandial Lipemia and Subjective Appetite in Overweight or Obese Subjects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203827.
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Reports surrounding the role of resistant starch (RS) on postprandial lipemia in humans are scarce. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of resistant starch on the postprandial lipemic response, subjective measures of appetite, and energy intake in overweight and obese subjects. In a randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 14 overweight/obese participants ate a high-fat breakfast (679 kcal, 58% from fat) and a supplement with native banana starch (NBS), high-amylose maize starch (HMS), or digestible maize starch (DMS) on three separate occasions. All supplements provided were matched by the available carbohydrate content, and the RS quantity in NBS and HMS supplements was identical. Appetite was estimated using visual analogue scale (VAS) and an ad libitum test meal. Postprandial glycemia, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and insulin excursions did not differ between treatments. Subjective appetite measures of satiety were significantly increased after HMS; however, no effects on energy intake were observed during the ad libitum test meal. These findings suggest that a single acute dose of RS cannot be expected to improve postprandial lipemia in subjects with overweight or obesity on a high-fat meal. However, the potential benefits of long-term supplementation should not be ruled out based on these results.
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Fadhilah, Fitri, Ana Bina Sari, and Astika Aprilianti. "THE EFFECT OF TEST TUBE STERILIZATION FROM SERUM LIPEMIC AGAINST LEVELS OF TRIGLYCERIDE GPO-PAP METHOD." Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/ijmlst.v1i1.878.
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In terms of analytic factors, it is important to define acceptable levels of common interferences, such as lipemia or hemolysis. For triglyceride, the laboratory technician must define whether samples with excess lipemia will be included in the study; this depends, in part, on whether the interferences affect the methods. In most laboratories, glass or plastic that is in direct contact associated with bio hazardous material is usually disposable. If not, it must be decontaminated according to appropriate protocols. Immediately rinsing glass or plastic supplies after use, followed by washing with a powder or liquid detergent designed for cleaning laboratory supplies and several distilled water rinses, may be insufficient. To ensure that all remaining fat from lipemic serum that attached to the tube wall has been removed, then the sterilization process is carried out so that a sterile tube is obtained. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of test tube sterilization from serum lipemic against levels of triglyceride GPO-PAP (Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase-p-aminophenazone) examination. This research method was a laboratory experiment. We used 8 times repetition with tubes used first are given liquid fat and cleaned by sterilization, washed with surfactant and washed with water only. By using statistical tests ANOVA obtained of this study showed results p>0.05 which is mean the treatment that used did not show a significant difference in the treatment of ordinary water-washed tubes with sterilized tubes and surfactant washed tubes. The conclusion of this study is cleaning of the test tube with the sterilization method is recommended because to avoiding the fear of remaining pollutants that can affect the results, It can also minimize the life of bacteria and viruses from the sample to be examined. However, if the sterilization method is difficult to do because of limited equipment and so on, the use of surfactants and the correct method of cleaning the tube is enough to remove impurities such as fat.
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Saengkaew, Tansit, Taninee Sahakitrungruang, Suttipong Wacharasindhu, and Vichit Supornsilchai. "DKA with Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Cerebral Edema in an Adolescent Boy: A Case Study and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7515721.
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A 13-year-old adolescent boy with type 1 diabetes mellitus (1b) presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and cerebral edema. Grossly lipemic serum and lipemia retinals due to extremely high triglyceride (TG) level were observed without evidence of xanthoma or xanthelasma. Cerebral edema was treated by appropriate ventilation and mannitol administration. Normal saline was carefully given and regular insulin was titrated according to blood sugar levels. Triglyceride levels were reduced from 9,800 mg/dL to normal range within 9 days after conventional treatment was commenced without antilipid medication. Based on our review of the literature, this is the first reported case of confirmed pediatric DKA with severe hypertriglyceridemia and cerebral edema. In patients with DKA and hypertriglyceridemia, clinicians should be mindful of the possibility of associated acute pancreatitis and cerebral edema.
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Gönel, Ataman, and Ismail Koyuncu. "Measurement of the Cellular Hemoglobin Concentration by Laser Scatter Method from Excessive Lipemic Sample: CASE REPORT." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 22, no. 7 (December 3, 2019): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207322666190925130114.
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A 33-month old female child presented at a pediatric clinic with acute tonsillitis, and it was subsequently discovered that she had familial hyperlipidemia. Measurement of the patient’s whole blood tests was performed by a multiparameter automated hematology analyzer, the CELLDYN Ruby System® (Abbott, Lake Forest, USA) using venous blood extracted from a tube containing 3.0 mL of EDTA. Although her hematocrit levels were within normal limits, the hemoglobin (Hgb) level, mean corpuscular volume (MCH) and mean corpuscular Hgb concentration (MCHC) could not be determined using the spectrophotometric method. The results of these tests could not be measured when repeated using dilution. When the sample was left to rest for several minutes, it was observed to be excessively lipemic. The measurements were repeated using the Alinity HQ Analyzer® (Abbott), which determines Hgb concentration using laser scatter and spectrophotometry. Hgb cellular concentration was incorrectly measured as being 21.9 mg/dL using routine spectrophotometry (denoted by a flag indicating Hgb interference) and correctly found to be 10.8 mg/dL. Thus, in samples of excessive lipemia, Hgb, MCH, and MCHC levels cannot be measured accurately using spectrophotometry. Hematology analyzers that can measure cellular hemoglobin (cHGB) and average erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (cHCM) by laser scatter method may be recommended when analyzing a blood sample that contains excessive lipemia.
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Kleinnijenhuis, Anne J., Frédérique L. van Holthoon, and William D. van Dongen. "Integrated hemolysis monitoring for bottom-up protein bioanalysis." Bioanalysis 12, no. 17 (September 2020): 1231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0175.
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Background: Hemolysis can result in analyte suppression or enhancement and it can affect the extraction efficiency and analyte stability. Triskelion developed an LC–MS method to monitor hemolysis. The concept can be integrated into existing and new quantitative protein LC–MS methods and can be validated according to the most appropriate tier. Results/methodology: In this proof of concept study, the tryptic target LLVVYPWTQR was used to quantify hemoglobin. The peptide target has only few variations considering the most common (laboratory) animals and is thus nearly generic. It was shown that LC–MS is a suitable technique for the quantification of hemoglobin in hemolyzed samples and that the signals are not affected by lipemia. Conclusion: LC–MS exhibited the best performance to monitor hemolysis when the results were compared with UV–VIS and visual inspection, especially when samples were lipemic.
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Hübl, W., R. Wejbora, I. Shafti-Keramat, A. Haider, P. Hajdusich, and P. M. Bayer. "Enzymatic determination of sodium, potassium, and chloride in abnormal (hemolyzed, icteric, lipemic, paraproteinemic, or uremic) serum samples compared with indirect determination with ion-selective electrodes." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.8.1528.
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Abstract We evaluated the effect of hemolysis, icteric discoloration, lipemia, paraproteinemia, and uremia on enzymatic methods for determining sodium, potassium, and chloride, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards EP7-P proposals for testing interference from endogenous substances. The sodium, potassium, and chloride assays (reagent kits supplied by Boehringer Mannheim) were based on electrolyte-dependent beta-galactosidase, pyruvate kinase, and alpha-amylase, respectively. The results were compared with those obtained by indirect ion-selective electrodes (ISE), which in turn had been validated by flame photometry. We analyzed the samples with Hitachi 717, 737, and 911 chemistry analyzers and with an IL943 flame photometer. The enzymatic results were in good agreement with those by ISE, the interference-related differences generally being without clinical significance; however, none of the enzymatic methods could analyze grossly lipemic samples.
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GOPAL, LINGAM, K. SHYAM SUNDER, SRINIVAS K. RAO, MALHAR SONI, SUMITA SHARMA, and S. RAMAKRISHNAN. "HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN A POORLY CONTROLLED DIABETIC PRESENTING WITH LIPEMIC AQUEOUS AND LIPEMIA RETINALIS." Retina 24, no. 2 (April 2004): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006982-200404000-00024.
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Kokalas, Nikos, Anatoli Petridou, Michalis G. Nikolaidis, and Vassilis Mougios. "Effect of aerobic exercise on lipaemia and its fatty acid profile after a meal of moderate fat content in eumenorrhoeic women." British Journal of Nutrition 94, no. 5 (November 2005): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051530.
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Exercise prior to eating has repeatedly been shown to reduce postprandial lipaemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this effect was manifest in the presence of two factors that independently mitigate postprandial lipaemia: eumenorrhoea and moderate fat intake. Eight healthy eumenorrhoeic rowers consumed a meal of moderate fat content (35% total energy, 0·66g/kg body mass) 14h after having either rowed at 55% of maximal aerobic power (81% of maximal heart rate) for 80min or rested. Both trials were performed during the luteal phase. Blood samples were drawn before the meal and for 8h postprandially for the measurement of individual fatty acids in the triacylglycerol and NEFA fractions, as well as of glucose, insulin and oestradiol. Plasma oestradiol concentrations were not significantly different in the two trials. The postprandial lipaemic response, expressed as either plasma triacylglycerol concentration or area under the triacylglycerol–time curve, was 35% lower (P<0·05) after exercise. The postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses were also lower, indicating increased insulin sensitivity, whereas the NEFA response was higher, suggesting a lower entrapment of dietary fatty acids in adipose tissue after exercise. Finally, exercise increased the proportion of unsaturated:saturated NEFA during the postprandial period. In conclusion, aerobic exercise performed 14h before a moderate-fat meal reduced postprandial lipaemia in women in the luteal phase. This effect shows the potential of exercise to mitigate even moderate lipaemic responses in eumenorrhoeic women.
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JACKSON, Kim G., Jacky M. E. KNAPPER-FRANCIS, Linda M. MORGAN, Diane H. WEBB, Antonis ZAMPELAS, and Christine M. WILLIAMS. "Exaggerated postprandial lipaemia and lower post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity in middle-aged men." Clinical Science 105, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030134.
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An exaggerated postprandial lipaemic response is thought to play a central role in the development of an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, a recognized lipid risk factor for coronary heart disease. A small number of limited studies have compared postprandial lipaemia in subjects of varying age, but have not investigated mechanisms underlying age-associated changes in postprandial lipaemia. In order to test the hypothesis that impaired lipaemia in older subjects is associated with loss of insulin sensitivity, the present study compared the postprandial lipaemic and hormone responses for 9 h following a standard mixed meal in normolipidaemic healthy young and middle-aged men. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities were determined in post-heparin plasma 9 h postprandially and on another occasion under fasting conditions. Postprandial plasma glucose (P<0.02), retinyl ester (indirect marker for chylomicron particles; P<0.005) and triacylglycerol (TAG)-rich lipoprotein (density<1.006 g/ml fraction of plasma) TAG (P<0.05) and retinyl ester (P<0.005) responses were higher in middle-aged men, whereas plasma insulin responses were lower in this group (P<0.001). Fasting and 9 h postprandial LPL and HL activities were also significantly lower in the middle-aged men compared with the young men (P<0.006). In conclusion, the higher incremental postprandial TAG response in middle-aged men than young men was attributed to the accumulation of dietary-derived TAG-rich lipoproteins (density<1.006 g/ml fraction of plasma) and occurred in the absence of marked differences in fasting TAG levels between the two groups. Fasting and postprandial LPL and HL activities were markedly lower in middle-aged men, but lack of statistical associations between measures of insulin response and post-heparin lipase activities, as well as between insulin and measures of postprandial lipaemia, suggest that this lower activity cannot be attributed to lack of sensitivity of lipases to activation by insulin. Alternatively, post-heparin lipase activities may not be good markers for the insulin-sensitive component of lipase that is activated postprandially.
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Cadamuro, Janne, Michael Cornes, Ana-Maria Simundic, Barbara de la Salle, Gunn B. B. Kristensen, Joao Tiago Guimaraes, Kjell Grankvist, et al. "European survey on preanalytical sample handling – Part 2: Practices of European laboratories on monitoring and processing haemolytic, icteric and lipemic samples. On behalf of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EF." Biochemia medica 29, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2019.020705.
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Introduction: No guideline currently exists on how to detect or document haemolysis, icterus or lipemia (HIL) in blood samples, nor on subsequent use of this information. The EFLM WG-PRE has performed a survey for assessing current practices of European laboratories in HIL monitoring. This second part of two coherent articles is focused on HIL. Materials and methods: An online survey, containing 39 questions on preanalytical issues, was disseminated among EFLM member countries. Seventeen questions exclusively focused on assessment, management and follow-up actions of HIL in routine blood samples. Results: Overall, 1405 valid responses from 37 countries were received. A total of 1160 (86%) of all responders stating to analyse blood samples - monitored HIL. HIL was mostly checked in clinical chemistry samples and less frequently in those received for coagulation, therapeutic drug monitoring and serology/infectious disease testing. HIL detection by automatic HIL indices or visual inspection, along with haemolysis cut-offs definition, varied widely among responders. A quarter of responders performing automated HIL checks used internal quality controls. In haemolytic/icteric/lipemic samples, most responders (70%) only rejected HIL-sensitive parameters, whilst about 20% released all test results with general comments. Other responders did not analysed but rejected the entire sample, while some released all tests, without comments. Overall, 26% responders who monitored HIL were using this information for monitoring phlebotomy or sample transport quality. Conclusion: Strategies for monitoring and treating haemolytic, icteric or lipemic samples are quite heterogeneous in Europe. The WG-PRE will use these insights for developing and providing recommendations aimed at harmonizing strategies across Europe.
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Azevedo, Carolina N., Jonathan A. Lidbury, and Unity Jeffery. "Effects of marked hypertriglyceridemia and lipid clearance techniques on canine biochemistry testing." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719858690.
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Triglyceride concentrations in dogs with hyperlipidemic disorders can exceed concentrations used by assay manufacturers for interference testing. High-speed centrifugation or the polar solvent LipoClear reduce triglyceride concentrations, but efficacy requires evaluation in veterinary species. We determined the effect of marked hypertriglyceridemia on canine biochemistry testing; assessed the ability of high-speed centrifugation or LipoClear to correct lipemic interferences; and determined if LipoClear introduces inaccuracy into biochemistry assays. Fifteen pooled canine serum samples were aliquoted and spiked with equal volumes of water or Intralipid [triglyceride concentration 33.9 mmol/L (3,000 mg/dL)]. Intralipid aliquots underwent lipid removal by high-speed centrifugation or LipoClear treatment, and a water-spiked aliquot underwent LipoClear treatment. Biochemistry panels were performed using a Vitros 4600 chemistry analyzer. Results were compared by paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. Total observed errors were considered clinically acceptable if below veterinary allowable total error (TEa) guidelines. Statistically significant ( p ≤ 0.05) interferences were introduced by Intralipid for 15 of 15 analytes. Median observed error exceeded TEa for potassium and enzymatic carbon dioxide, neither of which were identified by the manufacturer as susceptible to lipemic interference. After centrifugation, median observed error exceeded TEa for potassium and chloride. LipoClear treatment resulted in median errors that exceeded TEa for total protein, chloride, and phosphorus. Given that severe lipemia can occur in dogs with primary or secondary hyperlipidemia, veterinary laboratories should perform their own interference testing at triglyceride concentrations relevant to their patient population and provide this information to clinicians to ensure optimal case management.
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Wigger, A., Ch Peppler, M. Kramer, C. Thiel, M. Henrich, and M. Brückner. "Das infiltrative Lipom beim Hund: eine retrospektive Studie von fünf Fällen." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 37, no. 05 (2009): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1622810.
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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Beschreibung der Diagnostik und Therapie infiltrativer Lipome beim Hund. Material und Methode: Fünf Hunde mit infiltrativen Lipomen an verschiedenen Lokalisationen. Ergebnisse: Röntgenologisch zeigte sich jeweils eine schlecht begrenzte Zubildung unterschiedlicher Dichte und Ausdehnung. Sonographisch ließen sich die Raumforderungen nicht immer abgrenzen und wiesen ein stark variierendes Echomuster auf. Zytologisch wurde in vier Fällen die Diagnose einfaches Lipom gestellt, eine Probe war verdächtig für ein infiltratives Lipom. In drei Fällen erfolgte präoperativ eine Tru-Cut-Biopsie, wobei sich zweimal der Verdacht eines infiltrativen Lipoms ergab, die dritte Probe war nicht diagnostisch. In der Computertomographie stellten sich die Raumforderungen fettdicht dar und zeigten in vier von fünf Fällen eine Infiltration in die umgebenden Strukturen. Bei drei Patienten wurden die Tumoren chirurgisch entfernt. Die histopathologische Untersuchung der entfernten Gewebe bestätigten jeweils das Vorliegen eines infiltrativen Lipoms. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die Diagnose eines infiltrativen Lipoms kann präoperativ schwierig sein. Sowohl die zytologische als auch die histopathologische Untersuchung von Gewebeproben können irrtümliche Ergebnisse liefern und ein einfaches Lipom vortäuschen. Auch mittels Röntgen und Ultraschall ist es nicht sicher möglich, ein infiltratives Lipom zu diagnostizieren bzw. das volle Ausmaß darzustellen. Die Computertomographie erlaubt eine präzise Beurteilung von Ausdehnung und Charakter des Lipoms, die für eine optimale chirurgische Therapieplanung unerlässlich ist.
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DİNÇ, Dinçer, Nurhan DİNÇER, and Kadir ELTUTAR. "Lipemia Retinalis: Case Report." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 32, no. 5 (2012): 1433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2010-22233.
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Barkhuizen, Marizna, Mariza Hoffmann, Ekkehard WA Zöllner, Rajiv T. Erasmus, and Annalise E. Zemlin. "Case report: An index of suspicion in hyponatraemia." Biochemia medica 29, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2019.011002.
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Serum indices can give valuable information and should be interpreted as a result. Lipaemia can influence results through different mechanisms, an important one being the electrolyte exclusion effect. A case of pseudohyponatraemia due to this is reported. A 15-year-old female with type 2 diabetes was seen for follow-up. Her biochemistry results revealed severe hyponatraemia of 118 mmol/L. Her capillary glucose concentration was 13.7 mmol/L with a corrected sodium of 122 mmol/L. A lipaemic index of 3+ (absolute value 1320) was noted, which was not flagged by the laboratory information system, as it was below the critical lipaemia limit for sodium determination. Repeated analysis of the same sample using a direct ion selective electrode method, the serum sodium concentration was 134 mmol/L (sodium corrected for glucose = 138 mmol/L). A triglyceride concentration was requested, which was severely raised (100.1 mmol/L). The electrolyte exclusion effect is an analytical phenomenon that causes falsely low electrolyte concentrations in the presence of severe lipaemia or hyperproteinaemia when using indirect analytical methods. These methods are used on many modern-day automated chemistry analysers and should be considered in a patient with asymptomatic hyponatraemia.
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Wilburn, Jessie R., Jeffrey Bourquin, Andrea Wysong, and Christopher L. Melby. "Resistance Exercise Attenuates High-Fructose, High-Fat-Induced Postprandial Lipemia." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 8 (January 2015): NMI.S32106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/nmi.s32106.
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Introduction Meals rich in both fructose and fat are commonly consumed by many Americans, especially young men, which can produce a significant postprandial lipemic response. Increasing evidence suggests that aerobic exercise can attenuate the postprandial increase in plasma triacylglycerols (TAGs) in response to a high-fat or a high-fructose meal. However, it is unknown if resistance exercise can dampen the postprandial lipemic response to a meal rich in both fructose and fat. Methods Eight apparently healthy men (Mean ± SEM; age = 27 ± 2 years) participated in a crossover study to examine the effects of acute resistance exercise on next-day postprandial lipemia resulting from a high-fructose, high-fat meal. Participants completed three separate two-day conditions in a random order: (1) EX-COMP: a full-body weightlifting workout with the provision of additional kilocalories to compensate for the estimated net energy cost of exercise on day 1, followed by the consumption of a high-fructose, high-fat liquid test meal the next morning (day 2) (~600 kcal) and the determination of the plasma glucose, lactate, insulin, and TAG responses during a six-hour postprandial period; (2) EX-DEF: same condition as EX-COMP but without exercise energy compensation on day 1; and (3) CON: no exercise control. Results The six-hour postprandial plasma insulin and lactate responses did not differ between conditions. However, the postprandial plasma TAG concentrations were 16.5% and 24.4% lower for EX-COMP (551.0 ± 80.5 mg/dL x 360 minutes) and EX-DEF (499.4 ± 73.5 mg/dL x 360 minutes), respectively, compared to CON (660.2 ± 95.0 mg/dL x 360 minutes) ( P < 0.05). Conclusions A single resistance exercise bout, performed ~15 hours prior to a high-fructose, high-fat meal, attenuated the postprandial TAG response, as compared to a no-exercise control condition, in healthy, resistance-trained men.
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Rossi, Gabriele, Amy Richardson, Hali Jamaludin, and Cristy Secombe. "Preanalytical variables affecting the measurement of serum paraoxonase-1 activity in horses." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 1 (November 22, 2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638720974745.
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Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity is a new inflammatory and oxidative marker. Technical effects and biological factors could affect the accuracy of PON-1 activity measurement. We investigated the effects of storage at different temperatures, repeated freeze–thaw cycles, interferences from hemolytic, lipemic, and icteric samples, and seasonal effects on PON-1 activity in horses. We evaluated 2 substrates with an automated spectrophotometer. Ten equine serum samples were stored under different conditions. Although storage at room (21°C) or refrigeration (4°C) temperature induced a statistically significant decrease ( p < 0.05) in PON-1 activity, this is not diagnostically relevant. PON-1 activity in frozen samples (−20°C) was stable for short-term storage; diagnostically significant ( p < 0.01) fluctuations were observed after 1 mo. Four repeated freeze–thaw cycles were assessed, and all cycles affected PON-1 activity ( p < 0.01); however, this was diagnostically significant only after the 4th cycle. Hemolysis induced an overestimation of PON-1 activity; lipemia and hyperbilirubinemia did not change PON-1 activity. Thirty-four horses were sampled monthly for 1 y, and PON-1 activity was higher in autumn ( p < 0.05) and winter ( p < 0.05) than in spring and summer.
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Bossuyt, Xavier, and Norbert Blanckaert. "Evaluation of Interferences in Rate and Fixed-Time Nephelometric Assays of Specific Serum Proteins." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.1.62.
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Abstract We performed interference studies for IgG, IgA, IgM, haptoglobin, and α1-antitrypsin assayed in serum, using either fixed-time nephelometry on the BN 100 from Behring or rate nephelometry on two analyzers from Beckman Instruments. For clear serum samples, results for IgG, IgA, IgM, and haptoglobin obtained with the three nephelometers showed good agreement. Values for α1-antitrypsin in clear sera were lower with the BN 100 than with the Array 360 or Immage. In lipemic samples, the BN 100 gave higher values than the Array 360 or Immage for all analytes except IgG. Addition of Intralipid to serum produced atypical reactions with the BN 100 (fixed-time nephelometry) but not with the Array 360 or Immage (rate nephelometry). The interference of lipemia on the BN 100 was also seen when the Beckman antibody was used, indicating that the effect was reagent-independent. For hemolyzed samples, the BN 100 gave higher values than the Array 360 or Immage for haptoglobin but not for the other analytes. Addition of increasing amounts of a hemolysate to serum revealed a negative interference in all assay systems. This effect was more pronounced with the Beckman reagent than with the Behring reagent in all three nephelometers and was independent of the type of instrument (fixed-time vs rate nephelometry).
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Cho, Jooyoung, Young Uh, and Seong Jin Choi. "Effects of correction equation for actual sodium concentration on the reduction in frequency of reports on pseudohyponatremia." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 44, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2019-0058.
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Abstract Background Serum sodium concentration could be spuriously reduced by excess glucose or lipid; thus, hyponatremia should be reassessed before reporting in order to exclude the possibility of pseudohyponatremia. Methods In this study, we used the calculation of corrected serum sodium concentration in hyperglycemic or lipemic samples and evaluated its effect on the reduction in frequency of reports on pseudohyponatremia. We retrospectively analyzed 1-year data from the laboratory information system. Results From August 2017 to July 2018, hyponatremia was initially noted in 30,465 results, of which 6614 results reported hyperglycemia. Corrected sodium concentrations were calculated using the results with glucose >170 mg/dL or lipemia index ≥3. The reported frequency of hyponatremia before and after correction of sodium concentration was reduced by 42.9%. Moreover, only 51.9% of the patients with severe hyponatremia had “true” severe hyponatremia. After applying the formula, the degree of hyponatremia was unchanged in only 45.8% of the total results. Conclusions Our report on the corrected sodium concentration reduced the frequency of pseudohyponatremia in hyperglycemic samples. Calculation of corrected sodium concentration is a useful tool to help clinicians establish appropriate care and treatment plans. Further prospective study is required to validate to our system in a real clinical practice.
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Littlefield, Laurel A., and Peter W. Grandjean. "Exercise Intensity and Postprandial Lipemia (La intensidad del ejercicio y la lipemia postprandial)." Retos, no. 27 (March 5, 2015): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i27.34380.
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Exaggerated postprandial lipemia has been observed in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prior aerobic exercise reduces the triglyceride response to a high-fat meal. The purpose of this review is to examine the factors contributing to metabolic dyslipidemia and to review available evidence supporting the role of aerobic exercise in reducing postprandial lipemia. The contribution of exercise intensity and excess-post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) to changes in postprandial lipemia is examined.Key words. lipemia, Metabolic Syndrome, exercise, EPOC.Resumen. La exagerada lipemia postprandial exagerada ha sido observada en enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares, y está asociada a un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Se ha encontrado que el ejercicio aeróbico previo reduce la respuesta de los triglicéridos a una comida rica en grasas. El propósito de esta revisión es examinar los factores que contribuyen a la dislipidemia metabólica y revisar la evidencia disponible que respalda el papel del ejercicio aeróbico en la reducción de la lipemia postprandial. Se examina la contribución de la intensidad del ejercicio y el exceso de consumo de oxígeno post-ejercicio (EPOC) en los cambios en la lipemia postprandial.Palabras claves. lipemia, Síndrome Metabólico, ejercicio, EPOC
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Jackson, K. G., C. K. Armah, and A. M. Minihane. "Meal fatty acids and postprandial vascular reactivity." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 3 (May 22, 2007): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0350451.
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With increasing recognition of the pivotal role of vascular dysfunction in the progression of atherosclerosis, the vasculature has emerged as an important target for dietary therapies. Recent studies have indicated that chronic fatty acid manipulation alters vascular reactivity, when measured after an overnight fast. However, individuals spend a large proportion of the day in the postprandial (non-fasted) state. Several studies have shown that high fat meals can impair endothelial function within 3–4 h, a time period often associated with peak postprandial lipaemia. Although the impact of meal fatty acids on the magnitude and duration of the postprandial lipaemic response has been extensively studied, very little is known about their impact on vascular reactivity after a meal.
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Petridou, Anatoli, Nikos Gerkos, Myrsini Kolifa, Michalis G. Nikolaidis, Dimitris Simos, and Vassilis Mougios. "Effect of exercise performed immediately before a meal of moderate fat content on postprandial lipaemia." British Journal of Nutrition 91, no. 5 (May 2004): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041097.
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The majority of the studies that have found a lowering effect of exercise on postprandial lipaemia have employed exercise 12–18 h before a test meal of exaggerated fat content (over 60 % total energy). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this effect is manifest when exercise is performed immediately before a test meal of moderate fat content. Eleven healthy young men cycled for 45 min at 62 % maximal heart rate or rested, and, immediately afterwards, consumed a meal of moderate fat content (35 % total energy, 0·65 g/kg body mass) in a random counterbalanced design. Blood samples were drawn before exercise, before the meal, and for 8 h postprandially. No significant differences were observed in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and areas under the triacylglycerol concentration v. time curves between exercise and rest, although exercise reduced the postprandial lipaemic response by 17 %. Non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin did not differ significantly between the trials. In conclusion, moderate exercise performed immediately before a meal of a fat content typical to the Western diet had only a modest effect on postprandial lipaemia.
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Dronov, O. I., I. O. Kovalska, A. I. Gorlach, Yu P. Bakunets, and I. A. Shchyhel. "Lipemia as a determinant of development of an acute pancreatitis: investigation «case-control»." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 87, no. 3-4 (June 26, 2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2020.3-4.10.
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Objective. To establish the connection between lipemia and course of an acute pancreatitis.
Materials and methods. The investigation design: «case - control». There were incorporated 93 patients, suffering an acute pancreatitis. Group «case» - 11 patients with acute pancreatitis and lipemia, Group «control» - 82 patients with acute pancreatitis without lipemia. Interrelationship was investigated in accordance to the relative risk index between lipemia and the factors signs: the acute pancreatitis severity degree, recurrent course of the disease, presence of diabetes mellitus and alcoholic anamnesis.
Results. Comparative analysis of rate for the factors signs revealing have established, that possibility of development of severe acute pancreatitis and possibility of the alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis occurrence in groups of patients did not differ statistically meaningful (p > 0.05). While comparing a rate of the acute pancreatitis recurrence and the diabetes mellitus presence in groups of patients there were differences revealed on the significant level: p=0.02 and p=0.04 accordingly. Lipemia constitutes a risk factor for recurrent course of an acute pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus in patients with an acute pancreatitis: relative risk 7.5 (95% CI 1.8 - 26.6, p=0.02), RR 6.1 (95% CI 1.2 - 28.7, p= 0.02) accordingly.
Conclusion. Presence of lipemia did not impact the acute pancreatitis severity (p=0.98). Possibility of the acute pancreatitis recurrence in patients with lipemia in 7 times is higher, than in patients with an acute pancreatitis without lipemia (p=0.02). Possibility of diabetes mellitus presence in patients with an acute pancreatitis and lipemia is in 6 times higher, than in patients wihout lipemia (p= 0.02). Timely diagnosis and correction of a dislipoproteinemia constitutes a prophylactic measure, which is capable to lower the rate of an acute pancreatitis recurrence.
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Radonjic, Dragan, Sasa Raicevic, Dusko Kljakic, and Mirjana Varjacic. "The reasons for unusable lipemic blood plasma in transfusion treatment." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 149, no. 7-8 (2021): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh200919040r.
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Introduction/Objective. The increased presence of lipid particles in blood is one of most common reasons that transfusion units are unusable. The risk factors for lipemic plasma in donated blood are not completely known. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that influence plasma to be fatty so that we can prevent further storage costs and eliminate unusable transfusion units. Methods. This case?control study was conducted in 2017, and 1552 respondents were included in the study. The control group included 1502 subjects whose blood was not lipemic, while 50 patients with lipemic blood were selected for the case group. The presence of lipemic blood was assessed by inspection, while data were collected by clinical laboratory tests and a questionnaire. Results. Our findings show that multiple blood donors with lipemic blood were significantly older (p < 0.0005) and have higher systolic and diastolic pressure (p < 0.0005), high triglyceride levels (p < 0.0005), and lower levels of hemoglobin (p < 0.0005). Additionally, the presence of lipemic plasma was associated with female sex (p = 0.002), blood type (p = 0.016), heart disease (p < 0.0005), smoking (p < 0.005), diabetes (p = 0.001), lipid intake prior to blood donation (p < 0.005) and venipuncture therapy (p < 0.0005). Systolic pressure is a reliable predictor of lipemic blood (AUROC = 0.901, p < 0.0005). Conclusion. Our study provided a rational explanation and identified some of the risk factors that may help identify potential donors with lipemic blood.
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Niranata, Rosenadia Fitri Andafi, Sistiyono Sistiyono, and Budi Setiawan. "PERBEDAAN KADAR KALSIUM PADA SERUM LIPEMIK DENGAN DAN TANPA PENAMBAHAN FLOKULAN GAMMA-SIKLODEKSTRIN INKUBASI SUHU 23 °C." Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekkes Ternate 10, no. 2 (December 27, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32763/juke.v10i2.43.
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Serum lipemik merupakan serum berwarna keruh yang secara prinsip disebabkan oleh partikel besar lipoprotein seperti cylomicrons, VLDL (Verry Low Density Lipoprotein) maupun trigliserida. Serum lipemik umumnya dapat dikenali ketika kadar trigliserida di atas 300 mg/dl. Kekeruhan tersebut mengganggu absorbansi atau penghamburan cahaya pada berbagai pemeriksaan spektrofotometri. Gangguan ini dapat diatasi dengan flokulasi menggunakan gamma-siklodekstrin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar kalsium pada serum lipemik dengan dan tanpa penambahan flokulan gamma-siklodekstrin inkubasi suhu 23 °C. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pra-eksperimen dan desain penelitian One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Bahan pemeriksaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah serum lipemik sejumlah 20, dengan kadar >300 mg/dl. Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan statistik dengan uji parametrik menggunakan Paired Sample T-Test. Rerata selisih kadar kalsium dalam serum lipemik degan dan tanpa penambahan gamma-siklodekstrin inkubasi suhu 23 °C adalah 5,47 mg/dl (30%). Hasil uji Paired Sample T-Test menunjukkan signifikan sebesar 0,000 (<0,05). Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan kadar kalsium dalam serum lipemik dengan dan tanpa penambahan gamma-siklodekstrin inkubasi suhu 23 °C.
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Plaisance, Eric P., and Gordon Fisher. "Exercise and Dietary-Mediated Reductions in Postprandial Lipemia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/902065.
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Postprandial hyperlipemia produces long-term derangements in lipid/lipoprotein metabolism, vascular endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and sympathetic hyperactivity which are strongly linked to atherogenesis. The purpose of this review is to (1) provide a qualitative analysis of the available literature examining the dysregulation of postprandial lipid metabolism in the presence of obesity, (2) inspect the role of adiposity distribution and sex on postprandial lipid metabolism, and (3) examine the role of energy deficit (exercise- and/or energy restriction-mediated), isoenergetic low-carbohydrate diets, and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on postprandial lipid metabolism. We conclude from the literature that central adiposity primarily accounts for sex-related differences in postprandial lipemia and that aerobic exercise attenuates this response in obese or lean men and women to a similar extent through potentially unique mechanisms. In contrast, energy restriction produces only mild reductions in postprandial lipemia suggesting that exercise may be superior to energy restriction alone as a strategy for lowering postprandial lipemia. However, isoenergetic very low-carbohydrate diets and n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduce postprandial lipemia indicating that macronutrient manipulations reduce postprandial lipemia in the absence of energy restriction. Therefore, interactions between exercise/energy restriction and alterations in macronutrient content remain top priorities for the field to identify optimal behavioral treatments to reduce postprandial lipemia.
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Herd, Sara L., Adrianne E. Hardman, Leslie H. Boobis, and Caroline J. Cairns. "The effect of 13 weeks of running training followed by 9 d of detraining on postprandial lipaemia." British Journal of Nutrition 80, no. 1 (July 1998): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114598001779.
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The present study examined the influence of training, followed by a short period of detraining, on postprandial lipaemia. Fourteen normolipidaemic, recreationally active young adults aged 18–31 years participated, in two self-selected groups: three men and five women (BMI 21·7–27·6 kg/m2) completed 13 weeks of running training, after which they refrained from exercise for 9 d; three men and three women (BMI 21·5–25·6 kg/m2) maintained their usual lifestyle. Oral fat tolerance tests were conducted at baseline and again 15 h, 60 h and 9 d after the runners' last training session. Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast and at intervals for 6 h after consumption of a high-fat meal (1·2 g fat, 1·4 g carbohydrate, 70·6 kJ energy/kg body mass). Heparin was then administered (100 IU/kg) and a further blood sample was drawn for measurement of plasma lipoprotein lipase (EC3.1.1.34; LPL) activity. Endurance fitness improved in runners, relative to controls (maximal O2uptake +3·2 (SE 1·1) ml/kg per minv.− 1·3 (SE 1·2) ml/kg per min; P < 0·05). In the absence of the acute effect of exercise, i.e. 60 h after the last training session, there was no effect of training on either postprandial lipaemia or on post-heparin LPL activity. However, changes during 9 d of detraining in both these variables differed significantly between groups; after 2 d without exercise (60 h test), the runners' lipaemic response was 37% higher than it was the morning after their last training session (15 h test; runnersv.controlsP< 0·05), with a reciprocal decrease in post-heparin LPL activity (P< 0·01). These findings suggest that improved fitness does not necessarily confer an effect on postprandial lipaemia above that attributable to a single session of exercise.
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Paglialunga, Sabina, and Katherine Cianflone. "Regulation of postprandial lipemia: an update on current trends." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, no. 1 (February 2007): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h06-100.
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People spend a large percentage of their waking hours in the postprandial state. Postprandial lipemia is associated with disruptions in lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory factors, cardiovascular disease, MetS, and diabetes. Commonly, the dietary sources of fat exceed the actual needs and the tissues are faced with the excess, with accumulation of chylomicrons and remnant particles. This review will summarize recent findings in postprandial lipemia research with a focus on human studies. The effects of dietary factors and other meal components on postprandial lipemia leads to the following question: do we need a standardized oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT)? An overview of recent findings on FABP2, MTP, LPL, apoAV, and ASP and the effects of body habitus (sex influence and body size), as well as exercise and weight loss, on postprandial lipemia will be summarized.
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Fred, Herbert L., and Michel Accad. "Lipemia Retinalis." New England Journal of Medicine 340, no. 25 (June 24, 1999): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199906243402506.
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Ueshiro, Lynn. "Lipemia Retinalis." Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association 82, no. 6 (June 2011): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2011.04.035.
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Shenoy, ManjunathM, and Chetana Shenoy. "Lipemic serum." Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (2014): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-4848.133852.
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MARTINEZ, Kimberly R. "Lipemia Retinalis." Archives of Ophthalmology 110, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1992.01080200151044.
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Mestek, Michael. "Postprandial Lipemia." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42, no. 11 (November 2010): 2013–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181eb652b.
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Kumar, Jesse, and Anthony S. Wierzbicki. "Lipemia Retinalis." New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 8 (August 25, 2005): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm040437.
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Shah, Gaurav K., Sanjay Sharma, and Arthur Walsh. "Lipemia Retinalis." Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina 32, no. 1 (January 2001): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1542-8877-20010101-15.
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Klop, B., T. M. van den Berg, A. P. Rietveld, J. Chaves, J. T. Real, J. F. Ascaso, R. Carmena, J. W. F. Elte, and Manuel Castro Cabezas. "AT1 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in relation to Postprandial Lipemia." International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/271030.
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Background. Recent data suggest that the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in triglyceride (TG) metabolism. We explored the effect of the common A1166C and C573T polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene on postprandial lipemia.Methods. Eighty-two subjects measured daytime capillary TG, and postprandial lipemia was estimated as incremental area under the TG curve. The C573T and A1166C polymorphisms of the AT1R gene were determined.Results. Postprandial lipemia was significantly higher in homozygous carriers of the 1166-C allele (9.39±8.36 mM*h/L) compared to homozygous carriers of the 1166-A allele (2.02±6.20 mM*h/L) (P<0.05). Postprandial lipemia was similar for the different C573T polymorphisms.Conclusion. The 1166-C allele of the AT1R gene seems to be associated with increased postprandial lipemia. These data confirm the earlier described relationships between the renin-angiotensin axis and triglyceride metabolism.
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Hinkle, John W., Nidhi Relhan, and Harry W. Flynn Jr. "Lipemia Retinalis, Macular Edema, and Vision Loss in a Diabetic Patient with a History of Type IV Hypertriglyceridemia and Pancreatitis." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 9, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493384.
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Background: Lipemia retinalis is a rare but known complication of elevated serum triglycerides. This case describes the clinical course of a diabetic patient who presented with lipemia retinalis and macular edema, which responded to systemic and local treatments. Case Report: A 40-year-old female with a history of type II diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and pancreatitis presented with decreased vision in the left eye. She had peripapillary and macular edema, intraretinal hemorrhages, and prominent exudates in the setting of lipemia retinalis due to type IV hypertriglyceridemia. She was treated with serial intravitreal bevacizumab injections for macular edema and systemic lipid lowering therapy, and her visual acuity improved back to baseline. Conclusions: In the setting of lipemia retinalis and hypertriglyceridemia, the current patient developed macular edema and vision loss. The macular edema was treated with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, and the patient experienced a rapid recovery of visual acuity.
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Taddeo, Matthew C., Emma J. Robinson, Noy Y. Hassid, Xin Chu, Weixing Shi, Craig Wood, Christopher Still, and David Rovnyak. "A Robust Protocol for Extracting Aqueous Metabolites of High Lipid Sera." Current Metabolomics and Systems Biology 7, no. 1 (September 6, 2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213235x07666190124120112.
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Background: With the increasing focus of metabolomic methods on obesityrelated diseases, it is important to consider how sample handling may need to be adapted for the high compositions of lipids that can occur in such subjects. Introduction: High-lipid (cloudy, milky appearances; a.k.a. lipemic) biofluids are common in very high BMI subjects. Organic extractions of biofluids are useful for removing protein backgrounds, inactivating capsid viruses, and yielding relatively stable samples with excellent spectroscopic characteristics. This work considered how acetonitrile extractions, which are widely used, perform on lipemic sera. Results: In this technical note, we report the observation and remediation of a liquid-liquid phase separation in acetonitrile extractions of many lipemic sera. This unexpected behavior can be challenging to identify, especially if working with small volumes. The liquid-liquid separation shows a high miscibility of proteins in both liquid phases that impairs NMR data quality. We also report a simple temperature-based adaption of the acetonitrile extraction procedure that consistently results in a single aqueous phase and eliminates unwanted constituents. Conclusion: A robust approach to achieving reproducible, high quality samples of aqueous metabolites from lipemic sera from very high BMI subjects should be of utility in expanding metabolomics applications to lipemic biofluids.
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Desmarchelier, Charles, Patrick Borel, Denis Lairon, Marie Maraninchi, and René Valéro. "Effect of Nutrient and Micronutrient Intake on Chylomicron Production and Postprandial Lipemia." Nutrients 11, no. 6 (June 8, 2019): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061299.
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Postprandial lipemia, which is one of the main characteristics of the atherogenic dyslipidemia with fasting plasma hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increase of small and dense low-density lipoproteins is now considered a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Postprandial lipemia, which is mainly related to the increase in chylomicron production, is frequently elevated in individuals at high cardiovascular risk such as obese or overweight patients, type 2 diabetic patients and subjects with a metabolic syndrome who share an insulin resistant state. It is now well known that chylomicron production and thus postprandial lipemia is highly regulated by many factors such as endogenous factors: circulating factors such as hormones or free fatty acids, genetic variants, circadian rhythms, or exogenous factors: food components, dietary supplements and prescription drugs. In this review, we focused on the effect of nutrients, micronutrients and phytochemicals but also on food structure on chylomicron production and postprandial lipemia.
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Tikhomirov, Marta, Tomasz Śniegocki, and Błażej Poźniak. "Lipemia in the Plasma Sample Affects Fentanyl Measurements by Means of HPLC-MS2 after Liquid-Liquid Extraction." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154514.
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Examination of fentanyl levels is frequently performed in certain scientific evaluations and forensic toxicology. It often involves the collection of very variable blood samples, including lipemic plasma or serum. To date, many works have reported the methods for fentanyl detection, but none of them have provided information about the impact on the assay performance caused by an excessive amount of lipids. This aspect may be, however, very important for highly lipophilic drugs like fentanyl. To address this issue, we developed the liquid chromatography method with mass spectrometry detection and utilized it to investigate the impact of lipids presence in rabbit plasma on the analytical method performance and validation. The validation procedure, conducted for normal plasma and lipemic plasma separately, resulted in good selectivity, sensitivity and linearity. The limits of detection and quantification were comparable between the two matrices, being slightly lower in normal plasma (0.005 and 0.015 µg/L) than in lipemic plasma (0.008 and 0.020 µg/L). Liquid–liquid extraction provided a low matrix effect regardless of the lipid levels in the samples (<10%), but pronounced differences were found in the recovery and accuracy. In the normal plasma, this parameter was stable and high (around 100%), but in the lipemic matrix, much more variable and less efficient results were obtained. Nevertheless, this difference had no impact on repeatability and reproducibility. In the present work, we provided reliable, convenient and sensitive method for fentanyl detection in the normal and lipemic rabbit plasma. However, construction of two separate validation curves was necessary to provide adequate results since the liquid-liquid extraction was utilized. Therefore, special attention should be paid during fentanyl quantification that involves lipemic plasma samples purified by this technique.
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Zafeiridis, Andreas, and Vassilis Mougios. "Reply by Zafeiridis and Mougios." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 1 (June 11, 2007): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507761767.
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We thank Drs Burns and Stensel for their interest in our work. We agree that the published articles on the delayed effect of resistance exercise (RE) on postprandial lipaemia (PL) provide controversial results. Three studies1–3 employed comparable methodologies in terms of exercise protocol and feeding plan of the subjects, that is, two to four sets of eight to eleven exercises at relatively similar intensities (about 10–12 repetitions maximum (RM)) with 1·5–2·0 min of rest between sets and a standardised meal on the night prior to the fat tolerance test. These studies reported a decrease1,3 or no change2 in the postprandial lipaemic response. A fourth study4 employed a similar RE protocol but focused on maintaining the subjects in a state of energy balance by increasing food intake up to two-fold after RE v. control on the night prior to the fat tolerance test. This study found no significant effect of RE on PL.
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Vidović, Aleksandar, Dorothea Jansen, and Kathrin Hermeyer. "Intramurales Lipom im Jejunum als Ursache für eine Invagination bei einer jungen Araberstute." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 47, no. 01 (February 2019): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0825-7296.
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ZusammenfassungEine 2-jährige Araberstute wurde mit schweren Koliksymptomen vorgestellt. Die explorative Laparotomie ergab eine Jejunuminvagination verursacht durch eine intramurale Umfangsvermehrung. Das betroffene Jejunumsegment wurde reseziert und eine End-zu-End Anastomose geschaffen. Am eröffneten Resektat zeigte sich eine noduläre Umfangsvermehrung innerhalb der Submukosa am Anfang des Intussuszeptums mit einem Durchmesser von 10 cm, die zu einer beinahe vollständigen Obliteration des intestinalen Lumens führte. Zusätzlich war eine ausgeprägte Hyperämie der Jejunummukosa erkennbar. Bei der histopathologischen Untersuchung wurde in der Submukosa des Jejunums eine gut abgrenzbare Umfangsvermehrung bestehend aus gut differenzierten Adipozyten festgestellt und die Diagnose eines intramuralen Lipoms gestellt. Die Dünndarmmukosa zeigte leichte bis mittelschwere Anzeichen einer Kongestion. Ein Lipoma pendulans induziert bei älteren Pferden häufig eine Dünndarmstrangulation, die operativ behoben werden muss. Nach Kenntnis der Autoren wurde ein intramurales Lipom bisher nicht als Ursache einer Dünndarminvagination beschrieben. Die Stute erholte sich komplikationslos und zeigte auch 6 Monate nach der Operation keine weiteren Kolikanzeichen.
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Barbhuiya, Mustafa A., Edward C. Pederson, Monica L. Straub, Terri L. Neibauer, Wayne F. Salter, Eric L. Saylor, Sofia C. Scott, and Yusheng Zhu. "Automated Measurement of Plasma Cell-Free Hemoglobin Using the Hemolysis Index Check Function." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfz006.
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Abstract Background The Roche Cobas chemistry analyzer’s hemolysis index (HI) check function can directly report hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations. We aimed to validate the HI check function for the measurement of plasma cell-free Hb. Methods Plasma samples (6 μl) were taken by the analyzer and diluted in normal saline to measure the absorbance for Hb at 570 and 600 nm. Hb concentrations were calculated based on the molar extinction coefficient. Imprecision, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), and analytical measurement range (AMR) of the assay were evaluated. The accuracy was determined by comparing the results between the new method and an existing spectrophotometric method. We further studied interference of icterus and lipemia and carryover. The performance of the assay in proficiency testing was also evaluated. The reference range was transferred from the existing method. Results Within-run and total CVs were 1.7%–4.2% and 2.1%–7.0%, respectively (n = 20). The LLOQ was 11 mg/dL (CV = 8.1%) with the upper limit of AMR of 506 mg/dL. The results of the new method correlated well with the existing reference assay: Y (new method) = 0.974 x (reference method) + 4.9, r = 0.9990, n = 52. Bilirubin with a concentration up to 60 mg/dL and lipemic index up to 389 did not show significant interference. No significant carryover was detected. The average standard deviation index in proficiency testing was 0.03 ± 0.29. The reference range was <22 mg/dL. Conclusions Plasma cell-free Hb measurement using the HI check function meets the analytical requirements of the plasma cell-free Hb assays. It is simple and cost-effective.