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Journal articles on the topic 'Lipid backbone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Becker, Kevin W., Felix J. Elling, Marcos Y. Yoshinaga, Andrea Söllinger, Tim Urich, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Unusual Butane- and Pentanetriol-Based Tetraether Lipids in Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis, a Representative of the Seventh Order of Methanogens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 15 (2016): 4505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00772-16.

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ABSTRACTA new clade of archaea has recently been proposed to constitute the seventh methanogenic order, theMethanomassiliicoccales, which is related to theThermoplasmatalesand the uncultivated archaeal clades deep-sea hydrothermal ventEuryarchaeotagroup 2 and marine group IIEuryarchaeotabut only distantly related to other methanogens. In this study, we investigated the membrane lipid composition ofMethanomassiliicoccus luminyensis, the sole cultured representative of this seventh order. The lipid inventory ofM. luminyensiscomprises a unique assemblage of novel lipids as well as lipids otherwis

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Zhu, Chun, Travis B. Meador, Wolf Dummann, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Identification of unusual butanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraether and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in marine sediments." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28 (December 27, 2013): 332–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6792.

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RATIONALE: Glycerol serves as the principal backbone moiety bound to various acyl/alkyl chains for membrane lipids of <em>Eukarya</em>, <em>Bacteria</em>, and <em>Archaea</em>. In this study, we report a suite of unusual tetraether lipids in which one of the two conventional glycerol backbones is substituted by butanetriol or pentanetriol. METHODS: Identification of these lipids was achieved via diagnostic fragments and their expected acetylation products using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and their diagnostic ether cleavage products using gas chromatography/mass spectromet

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3

Kooijman, Laurens, Philipp Ansorge, Matthias Schuster, et al. "Backbone and methyl assignment of bacteriorhodopsin incorporated into nanodiscs." Journal of Biomolecular NMR 74, no. 1 (2019): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10858-019-00289-7.

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AbstractResonance assignments are challenging for membrane proteins due to the size of the lipid/detergent-protein complex and the presence of line-broadening from conformational exchange. As a consequence, many correlations are missing in the triple-resonance NMR experiments typically used for assignments. Herein, we present an approach in which correlations from these solution-state NMR experiments are supplemented by data from 13C unlabeling, single-amino acid type labeling, 4D NOESY data and proximity of moieties to lipids or water in combination with a structure of the protein. These addi

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Coffinet, Sarah, Travis B. Meador, Lukas Mühlena, et al. "Structural elucidation and environmental distributions of butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs)." Biogeosciences 17, no. 2 (2020): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020.

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Abstract. Butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs) are membrane lipids, recently discovered in sedimentary environments and in the methanogenic archaeon Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis. They possess an unusual structure, which challenges fundamental assumptions in lipid biochemistry. Indeed, they bear a butanetriol or a pentanetriol backbone instead of a glycerol at one end of their core structure. In this study, we unambiguously located the additional methyl group of the BDGT compound on the C3 carbon of the lipid backbone via high-field nuclear magnetic r

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van Kranenburg, Richard, Iris I. van Swam, Joey D. Marugg, Michiel Kleerebezem, and Willem M. de Vos. "Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis NIZO B40: Functional Analysis of the Glycosyltransferase Genes Involved in Synthesis of the Polysaccharide Backbone." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 1 (1999): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.1.338-340.1999.

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ABSTRACT We used homologous and heterologous expression of the glycosyltransferase genes of the Lactococcus lactis NIZO B40 eps gene cluster to determine the activity and substrate specificities of the encoded enzymes and established the order of assembly of the trisaccharide backbone of the exopolysaccharide repeating unit. EpsD links glucose-1-phosphate from UDP-glucose to a lipid carrier, EpsE and EpsF link glucose from UDP-glucose to lipid-linked glucose, and EpsG links galactose from UDP-galactose to lipid-linked cellobiose. Furthermore, EpsJ appeared to be involved in EPS biosynthesis as

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6

Choi, Dong Jin, and Zeeshan Ur Rehman. "Interfacial Behaviors of Transmembrane Peptides in Lipid Bilayer Studied by X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity." Materials Science Forum 977 (February 2020): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.977.184.

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Lipids and proteins can influence each other in so many different ways. Lipids may affect the structure of membrane proteins by influencing their backbone conformation, the tilt, rotation angles of their transmembrane (TM) segments, and the orientation of their side chains. The membrane-spanning parts in integral membrane proteins are predominantly hydrophobic, and most often helical. At the lipid-protein interface, the TM part of the protein and the hydrocarbon chains of the lipid molecules have to coexist to maintain the integrity of the membrane. Lipids are important components of lipid mem

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Ngo, An Thien, Pierre Karam, and Gonzalo Cosa. "Conjugated polyelectrolyte–lipid interactions: Opportunities in biosensing." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 1 (2010): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-11-02.

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Fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have attracted considerable interest over the past decade as novel materials for developing biosensing schemes and sensing devices for biomolecules. This interest stems from the exquisite polymer sensitivity to the presence of fluorescence quenchers, enabling amplified sensing of molecules of interest. Efficient energy transport along the polymer backbone is critical to their sensing capabilities. Considerable research efforts have thus gone into understanding and controlling energy transport along the polymer backbone. In particular, it has been

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8

Passos Gibson, Victor, Martin Fauquignon, Emmanuel Ibarboure, Jeanne Leblond Chain, and Jean-François Le Meins. "Switchable Lipid Provides pH-Sensitive Properties to Lipid and Hybrid Polymer/Lipid Membranes." Polymers 12, no. 3 (2020): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030637.

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Blending amphiphilic copolymers and lipids constitutes a novel approach to combine the advantages of polymersomes and liposomes into a new single hybrid membrane. Efforts have been made to design stimuli-responsive vesicles, in which the membrane’s dynamic is modulated by specific triggers. In this investigation, we proposed the design of pH-responsive hybrid vesicles formulated with poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) backbone (PDMS36-b-PEO23) and cationic switchable lipid (CSL). The latter undergoes a pH-triggered conformational change and induces membrane destabilization. Usin

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Crittenden, Christopher M., Carmen M. Herrera, Peggy E. Williams, et al. "Mapping phosphate modifications of substituted lipid Aviaa targeted MS3CID/UVPD strategy." Analyst 143, no. 13 (2018): 3091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an00561c.

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Structural characterization of lipid A remains a challenge with respect to localizing modifications of the phosphate groups found on the reducing and non-reducing ends of the disaccharide backbone of lipid A.

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10

GUTIÉRREZ-GONZÁLEZ, Luis H., Christian LUDWIG, Carsten HOHOFF, et al. "Solution structure and backbone dynamics of human epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP)." Biochemical Journal 364, no. 3 (2002): 725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20020039.

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Human epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP) belongs to a family of intracellular 14–15kDa lipid-binding proteins, whose functions have been associated with fatty acid signalling, cell growth, regulation and differentiation. As a contribution to understanding the structure—function relationship, we report in the present study features of its solution structure and backbone dynamics determined by NMR spectroscopy. Applying multi-dimensional high-resolution NMR techniques on unlabelled and 15N-enriched recombinant human E-FABP, the 1H and 15N resonance assignments were completed. On

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Kato, Hitomi, Yuji Haishima, Takatoshi Iida, Akira Tanaka, and Ken-ichi Tanamoto. "Chemical Structure of Lipid A Isolated fromFlavobacterium meningosepticum Lipopolysaccharide." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 15 (1998): 3891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.15.3891-3899.1998.

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ABSTRACT The chemical structure of the lipid A of the lipopolysaccharide component isolated from Flavobacterium meningosepticum IFO 12535 was elucidated. Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed that two kinds of hydrophilic backbone exist in the free lipid A: a β (1→6)-linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose, which is usually present in enterobacterial lipid A’s, and a 2-amino-6-O-(2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-d-glucose, in a molar ratio of 1.00:0.35. Both backbones were α-glycosidically phosphorylated in position 1, and the hydroxyl groups at positions 4, 4′

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OH, Jong-Eun, and Keun-Hyeung LEE. "Characterization of the unique function of a reduced amide bond in a cytolytic peptide that acts on phospholipid membranes." Biochemical Journal 352, no. 3 (2000): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3520659.

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The incorporation of a reduced amide bond, Ψ(CH2NH), into peptide results in an increase in the net positive charge and the perturbation of α-helical structure. By using this characteristic of the reduced amide bond, we designed and synthesized novel pseudopeptides containing reduced amide bonds, which had a great selectivity between bacterial and mammalian cells. A structureŐactivity relationship study on pseudopeptides indicated that the decrease in α-helicity and the increase in net positive charge in the backbone, caused by the incorporation of a reduced amide bond into the peptide, both c

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13

Vernen, Felicitas, Peta J. Harvey, Susana A. Dias, et al. "Characterization of Tachyplesin Peptides and Their Cyclized Analogues to Improve Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (2019): 4184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174184.

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Tachyplesin I, II and III are host defense peptides from horseshoe crab species with antimicrobial and anticancer activities. They have an amphipathic β-hairpin structure, are highly positively-charged and differ by only one or two amino acid residues. In this study, we compared the structure and activity of the three tachyplesin peptides alongside their backbone cyclized analogues. We assessed the peptide structures using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, then compared the activity against bacteria (both in the planktonic and biofilm forms) and a panel of cancerous cells. The imp

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Meanwell, Michael W., Connor O’Sullivan, Perry Howard, and Thomas M. Fyles. "Branched-chain and dendritic lipids for nanoparticles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 2 (2017): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0462.

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Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for drug-delivery applications are largely derived from natural lipids. Synthetic lipids, particularly those incorporating branched hydrocarbons and hyper-branched hydrocarbon architectures, may afford enhanced lipophilicity with enhanced fluidity and thereby lead to LNP stabilization. Hydrocarbon anchors based on serinol diesters were prepared from linear Cn (n = 14, 16, 18) and branched (n = 16) acids with Boc-protected serinol. These diesters were further dimerized on an iminodiacetamide backbone to provide eight branched-chain and dendritic lipid anchors. Derivat

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15

Renzi, Francesco, Ulrich Zähringer, Courtney E. Chandler, Robert K. Ernst, Guy R. Cornelis, and Simon J. Ittig. "Modification of the 1-Phosphate Group during Biosynthesis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus Lipid A." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 2 (2015): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01006-15.

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Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a commensal bacterium of dog's mouth flora causing severe infections in humans after dog bites or scratches, has a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (endotoxin) with low-inflammatory lipid A. In particular, it contains a phosphoethanolamine (P-Etn) instead of a free phosphate group at the C-1 position of the lipid A backbone, usually present in highly toxic enterobacterial Gram-negative lipid A. Here we show that theC. canimorsusgenome comprises a single operon encoding a lipid A 1-phosphatase (LpxE) and a lipid A 1P-Etn transferase (EptA). This suggests that lipid A is modif

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16

Arakawa, Hirohumi, and Eiji Ito. "Biosynthetic studies on N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid containing teichuronic acid in Bacillus megaterium." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 10 (1986): 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-151.

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The particulate enzymes obtained from four strains of Bacillus megaterium AHU 1240, AHU 1373, AHU 1375, and T catalyzed the synthesis of a polysaccharide and glycolipids from UDP-N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and UDP-glucose. Chemical studies involving Smith degradation, acid hydrolysis, and N-acetylation revealed that the polysaccharide product has a backbone made up of trisaccharide repeating units comprising glucose, N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine and that the main oligosaccharide moieties of the glycolipids were identical with N-acetylmanno

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17

Caforio, Antonella, Melvin F. Siliakus, Marten Exterkate, et al. "Converting Escherichia coli into an archaebacterium with a hybrid heterochiral membrane." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 14 (2018): 3704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721604115.

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One of the main differences between bacteria and archaea concerns their membrane composition. Whereas bacterial membranes are made up of glycerol-3-phosphate ester lipids, archaeal membranes are composed of glycerol-1-phosphate ether lipids. Here, we report the construction of a stable hybrid heterochiral membrane through lipid engineering of the bacterium Escherichia coli. By boosting isoprenoid biosynthesis and heterologous expression of archaeal ether lipid biosynthesis genes, we obtained a viable E. coli strain of which the membranes contain archaeal lipids with the expected stereochemistr

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Kellogg, Glen E. "Three-Dimensional Interaction Homology: Deconstructing Residue–Residue and Residue–Lipid Interactions in Membrane Proteins." Molecules 29, no. 12 (2024): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29122838.

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A method is described to deconstruct the network of hydropathic interactions within and between a protein’s sidechain and its environment into residue-based three-dimensional maps. These maps encode favorable and unfavorable hydrophobic and polar interactions, in terms of spatial positions for optimal interactions, relative interaction strength, as well as character. In addition, these maps are backbone angle-dependent. After map calculation and clustering, a finite number of unique residue sidechain interaction maps exist for each backbone conformation, with the number related to the residue’

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Verbeek, Sarah F., Neha Awasthi, Nikolas K. Teiwes, Ingo Mey, Jochen S. Hub, and Andreas Janshoff. "How arginine derivatives alter the stability of lipid membranes: dissecting the roles of side chains, backbone and termini." European Biophysics Journal 50, no. 2 (2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-021-01503-x.

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AbstractArginine (R)-rich peptides constitute the most relevant class of cell-penetrating peptides and other membrane-active peptides that can translocate across the cell membrane or generate defects in lipid bilayers such as water-filled pores. The mode of action of R-rich peptides remains a topic of controversy, mainly because a quantitative and energetic understanding of arginine effects on membrane stability is lacking. Here, we explore the ability of several oligo-arginines R$$_n$$ n and of an arginine side chain mimic R$$_\mathrm {Side}$$ Side to induce pore formation in lipid bilayers e

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DEKKERS, David W. C., Paul COMFURIUS, Edouard M. BEVERS, and Robert F. A. ZWAAL. "Comparison between Ca2+-induced scrambling of various fluorescently labelled lipid analogues in red blood cells." Biochemical Journal 362, no. 3 (2002): 741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3620741.

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Treatment of red blood cells with calcium and ionomycin causes activation of the lipid scramblase, a putative membrane protein catalysing flip-flop of (phospho)lipids. Various fluorescent 1-oleoyl-2-[6(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino] caproyl (C6-NBD) analogues were tested for transbilayer movement across the plasma membrane of red blood cells. Among these phospholipid analogues were phosphatidylgalactose, phosphatidylmaltose and phosphatidylmaltotriose, which were obtained from C6-NBD-phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D-catalysed transphosphatidylation. The inward movement after th

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Caforio, Antonella, Samta Jain, Peter Fodran, et al. "Formation of the ether lipids archaetidylglycerol and archaetidylethanolamine in Escherichia coli." Biochemical Journal 470, no. 3 (2015): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20150626.

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Archaeal phospholipids consist of isoprenoid hydrocarbon chains that are ether-linked to a sn-glycerol-1-phosphate backbone. The ether lipid pathway constituted by a set of archaeal and bacterial enzymes was introduced into Escherichia coli, which resulted in the biosynthesis of the key lipid species archaetidylethanolamine (AE) and archaetidylglycerol (AG).

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Bozelli, José Carlos, Yu Heng Hou та Richard M. Epand. "Thermodynamics of Methyl-β-cyclodextrin-Induced Lipid Vesicle Solubilization: Effect of Lipid Headgroup and Backbone". Langmuir 33, № 48 (2017): 13882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03447.

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Heftberger, Peter, Benjamin Kollmitzer, Frederick A. Heberle, et al. "Global small-angle X-ray scattering data analysis for multilamellar vesicles: the evolution of the scattering density profile model." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 1 (2013): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576713029798.

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The highly successful scattering density profile (SDP) model, used to jointly analyze small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering data from unilamellar vesicles, has been adapted for use with data from fully hydrated, liquid crystalline multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). Using a genetic algorithm, this new method is capable of providing high-resolution structural information, as well as determining bilayer elastic bending fluctuations from standalone X-ray data. Structural parameters such as bilayer thickness and area per lipid were determined for a series of saturated and unsaturated lipids, as well

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Schmidt, Rolf, Joseph G. Carrigan, and Christine E. DeWolf. "Synthesis and characterization of a series of novel phenol- and polyphenol-based glycerolipids." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 10 (2006): 1411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-102.

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A building block approach was used to design a modular synthetic route for the preparation of novel glycerolipids with phenolic and polyphenolic headgroups. Based on this scheme, it is possible to vary the substitution pattern of the headgroup, the stereochemistry of the backbone, and the length of the sidechains. Five glycerolipids with different headgroups and identical backbone stereochemistry and chain length have been prepared.Key words: glycerolipid, polyphenol, hydrogen bonding, lipid-protein interaction, self-adhering.

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Kawahara, Kazuyoshi. "Variation, Modification and Engineering of Lipid A in Endotoxin of Gram-Negative Bacteria." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (2021): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052281.

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Lipid A of Gram-negative bacteria is known to represent a central role for the immunological activity of endotoxin. Chemical structure and biosynthetic pathways as well as specific receptors on phagocytic cells had been clarified by the beginning of the 21st century. Although the lipid A of enterobacteria including Escherichia coli share a common structure, other Gram-negative bacteria belonging to various classes of the phylum Proteobacteria and other taxonomical groups show wide variety of lipid A structure with relatively decreased endotoxic activity compared to that of E. coli. The structu

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Komaniecka, Iwona, Katarzyna Susniak, Adam Choma, Holger Heine, and Otto Holst. "The Lipid A from the Lipopolysaccharide of the Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodomicrobium vannielii ATCC 17100 Revisited." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010258.

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The structure of lipid A from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhodomicrobium vannielii ATCC 17100 (Rv) a phototrophic, budding bacterium was re-investigated using high-resolution mass spectrometry, NMR, and chemical degradation protocols. It was found that the (GlcpN)-disaccharide lipid A backbone was substituted by a GalpA residue that was connected to C-1 of proximal GlcpN. Some of this GalpA residue was β-eliminated by alkaline de-acylation, which indicated the possibility of the presence of another so far unidentified substituent at C-4 in non-stoichiometric amounts. One Manp residue substitut

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Santos Corrêa, Stefane, Gislaine Gonçalves Oliveira, Melina Coradini Franco, et al. "Quality of Oreochromis niloticus and Cynoscion virescens fillets and their by-products in flours make for inclusion in instant food products." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0279351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279351.

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The production of fish flour is an alternative for better use of the raw material, although it is rarely used in instant food. Thus, the aimed of this study was to evaluate Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) and Cynoscion virescens (croaker) fillets and the elaboration of flour with filleting by-products for inclusion in food products. Carcasses and heads of the two fish species were cooked, pressed, ground, subjected to drying and re-grinding to obtain standardized flours. These carcass flours were seasoned (sweet and salted). This study was organized into two experimental tests: Test 1: Yi

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Shufang, Chu, Zhou Yinan, Li Huilin, Zhao Hengxia, Liu Deliang, and Liu Xuemei. "Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2019): 1213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0130.

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AbstractThis study was performed to elucidate the potential influence of He Qi San (HQS) on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with phlegm-blood stasis syndrome (PBSS), and to determine DNA methylation changes. Sixty T2DM patients with PBSS were randomly divided into control and HQS groups. The control group received conventional treatments, and the HQS group received conventional treatments plus HQS. Glucose metabolism (FPG, 2hPG, FINS, and HbA1c) and lipid metabolism indexes (TG, TC and LDL-C) were determined. Genes with differential DNA methylation were

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Mendez-Gomez, Hector, James McGuiness, Adam grippin, et al. "IMMU-13. CUSTOMIZABLE MULTI-LAMELLAR RNA-NANOPARTICLES FOR PEDIATRIC GLIOMA." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_1 (2021): i29—i30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab090.120.

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Abstract Background Since the preponderance of pediatric gliomas are mutationally ‘bland,’ immune checkpoint inhibitors are unlikely to mediate therapeutic benefit. Alternately, immunologic response can be induced de novo against pediatric gliomas with mRNA cancer vaccines. Messenger RNA represents a paradigm shift in vaccinology (i.e. COVID-19) given its flexibility, commercialization, and propensity to confer rapid protection with only a single vaccine. Objective We sought to develop a new mRNA platform with an optimized backbone for insertion of both personalized and/or “off the shelf’ (i.e

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Brade, L., O. Holst, and H. Brade. "An artificial glycoconjugate containing the bisphosphorylated glucosamine disaccharide backbone of lipid A binds lipid A monoclonal antibodies." Infection and Immunity 61, no. 10 (1993): 4514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.61.10.4514-4517.1993.

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Whitaker, Michael. "How calcium may cause exocytosis in sea urchin eggs." Bioscience Reports 7, no. 5 (1987): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01362502.

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The process of secretory granule-plasma membrane fusion can be studied in sea urchin eggs. Micromolar calcium concentrations are all that is required to bring about exocytosis in vitro. I discuss recent experiments with sea urchin eggs that concentrate on the biophysical aspects of granule-membrane fusion. The backbone of biological membranes is the lipid bilayer. Sea urchin egg membrane lipids have negatively charged head groups that give rise to an electrical potential at the bilayer-water interface. We have found that this surface potential can affect the calcium required for exocytosis. Ef

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Zhang, Yonghong, Jianglei Chen, and Jianjun Wang. "A complete backbone spectral assignment of lipid-free human apolipoprotein E (apoE)." Biomolecular NMR Assignments 2, no. 2 (2008): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12104-008-9122-8.

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Bhattacharya, Santanu, and Saubhik Haldar. "Interactions between cholesterol and lipids in bilayer membranes. Role of lipid headgroup and hydrocarbon chain–backbone linkage." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1467, no. 1 (2000): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00196-6.

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Manis, Cristina, Margherita Addis, Maria Sitzia, et al. "Untargeted lipidomics of ovine milk to analyse the influence of different diet regimens." Journal of Dairy Research 88, no. 3 (2021): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029921000583.

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AbstractIn this work we report a lipidomics approach to study the effects of two diet systems on the composition of ovine milk. Milk from two groups of Sarda sheep grazing on 40% (P40) and 60% (P60) of pasture were analyzed by a UHPLC-QTOF-MS analytical platform and data submitted to multivariate statistical analysis. Pairwise partial least square discriminant analysis of the lipid profile of the data was carried out to classify samples and to find discriminant lipids. The two dietary groups were characterized by differences in triacylglycerols, phosphocholines and phosphatidylethanolamines le

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Marr, Nico, Alina Tirsoaga, Didier Blanot, Rachel Fernandez, and Martine Caroff. "Glucosamine Found as a Substituent of Both Phosphate Groups in Bordetella Lipid A Backbones: Role of a BvgAS-Activated ArnT Ortholog." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 12 (2008): 4281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01875-07.

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ABSTRACT Endotoxins are amphipathic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), major constituents of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. They consist of a lipid region, covalently linked to a core oligosaccharide, to which may be linked a repetitive glycosidic chain carrying antigenic determinants. Most of the biological activities of endotoxins have been associated with the lipid moiety of the molecule: unique to gram-negative bacteria, LPS is a ligand of the mammalian TLR4-MD2-CD14 pathogen recognition receptor complex. Lipid A preparations are often heterogeneous with respect to both the numbers

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Masoud, Hussein, Malcolm B. Perry, Jean-Robert Brisson, Dušan Uhrin, and James C. Richards. "Structural elucidation of the backbone oligosaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Moraxella catarrhalis serotype A." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 6 (1994): 1466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-182.

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The cell-surface lipopolysaccharide produced by Moraxella catarrhalis serotype A is composed of a hydrophobic lipid A moiety and an oligosaccharide, but lacks high-molecular-weight O-polysaccharide chains. The oligosaccharide component is composed of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-glucosamine, and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid. The carbohydrate backbone was obtained from the lipopolysaccharide by employing a reaction sequence involving deacylation, dephosphorylation, and reduction of the reducing D-glucosamine terminus of the lipid A moiety. Structural analysis of the backbone oligosaccharide em

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van't Hof, W., J. Silvius, F. Wieland, and G. van Meer. "Epithelial sphingolipid sorting allows for extensive variation of the fatty acyl chain and the sphingosine backbone." Biochemical Journal 283, no. 3 (1992): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2830913.

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In kidney MDCK and intestinal Caco-2 epithelial cells, glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and sphingomyelin (SPH) synthesized from the short-chain sphingolipid analogue N-6-[7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl]aminodecanoyl (C6-NBD)-ceramide are delivered to the cell surface with apical/basolateral polarities of 2-4 and 0.6-0.9 respectively. We have tested how variations in the lipid backbone affect these polarities. First, the C6-NBD moiety was replaced by a bare [14C]octanoyl chain or by the even more bulky fluorophores 8-bimanoylthio-octanoyl (C8-bimane) and 8-diethylaminocoumarin-octanoyl (C8-DECA). I

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Gogonea, Valentin, Judith Peters, Gary S. Gerstenecker, et al. "Protein Backbone and Average Particle Dynamics in Reconstituted Discoidal and Spherical HDL Probed by Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange and Elastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering." Biomolecules 10, no. 1 (2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10010121.

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Lipoproteins are supramolecular assemblies of proteins and lipids with dynamic characteristics critically linked to their biological functions as plasma lipid transporters and lipid exchangers. Among them, spherical high-density lipoproteins are the most abundant forms of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in human plasma, active participants in reverse cholesterol transport, and associated with reduced development of atherosclerosis. Here, we employed elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS) and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to determine the average particle dynamics

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Prescher, Martin, Sander H. J. Smits, and Lutz Schmitt. "Stimulation of ABCB4/MDR3 ATPase activity requires an intact phosphatidylcholine lipid." Journal of Lipid Research 61, no. 12 (2020): 1605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.ra120000889.

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ABCB4/MDR3 is located in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes and translocates PC-lipids from the cytoplasmic to the extracellular leaflet. ABCB4 is an ATP-dependent transporter that reduces the harsh detergent effect of the bile salts by counteracting self-digestion. To do so, ABCB4 provides PC lipids for extraction into bile. PC lipids account for 40% of the entire pool of lipids in the canalicular membrane with an unknown distribution over both leaflets. Extracted PC lipids end up in so-called mixed micelles. Mixed micelles are composed of phospholipids, bile salts, and cholesterol. Nine

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Fontaine, Delphine, Sandy Figiel, Romain Félix, et al. "Roles of endogenous ether lipids and associated PUFAs in the regulation of ion channels and their relevance for disease." Journal of Lipid Research 61, no. 6 (2020): 840–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.ra120000634.

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Ether lipids (ELs) are lipids characterized by the presence of either an ether linkage (alkyl lipids) or a vinyl ether linkage [i.e., plasmalogens (Pls)] at the sn1 position of the glycerol backbone, and they are enriched in PUFAs at the sn2 position. In this review, we highlight that ELs have various biological functions, act as a reservoir for second messengers (such as PUFAs) and have roles in many diseases. Some of the biological effects of ELs may be associated with their ability to regulate ion channels that control excitation-contraction/secretion/mobility coupling and therefore cell ph

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Samadi Moghaddam, Mariam, Markus Heiny, and V. Prasad Shastri. "Enhanced cellular uptake of nanoparticles by increasing the hydrophobicity of poly(lactic acid) through copolymerization with cell-membrane-lipid components." Chemical Communications 51, no. 78 (2015): 14605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc06397c.

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Baxter, Bailey N., Mary Helene Marmande, Alyssa M. Albers, et al. "2-((Diphenylmethylene)amino)ethyl N-(Cyclohexyl)carbamate." Molbank 2025, no. 1 (2025): M1947. https://doi.org/10.3390/m1947.

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Lipid-like nanoparticles (LLNPs) have been shown to be an effective encapsulation and delivery tool for therapeutic molecules. While the preclinical development of lipid nanoparticle formulations has been of paramount importance, next-generation LLNPs present an opportunity of enhanced biocompatibility. With the change in amido functionality as part of the core backbone, our target, carbamate functionality within the LLNP core scaffold, was realized upon reaction of a protected amino alcohol onto the isocyanate generated in situ via a Curtius rearrangement. The single-step assembly of carbamat

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Li, Tuo, Youyi Luo, Changhong Liu, Xuan Lu, and Baomin Feng. "Archaeal Lipids: Extraction, Separation, and Identification via Natural Product Chemistry Perspective." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 7 (2025): 3167. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073167.

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Archaeal lipids, defining a primordial life domain alongside Bacteria and Eukarya, are distinguished by their unique glycerol-1-phosphate backbone and ether-linked isoprenoid chains. Serving as critical geochemical biomarkers, archaeal lipids like glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) underpin paleoclimate proxies, while their phylum-specific distributions illuminate phylogenetic divergence. Despite the maturity of Mass Spectrometry-based quantitative biomarkers—predominantly those with established structures—becoming well-established in geochemical research, systematic investigation o

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Bütikofer, Peter, Eva Greganova, Yuk-Chien Liu, Ian J. Edwards, Michael J. Lehane, and Alvaro Acosta-Serrano. "Lipid remodelling of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycoconjugates in procyclic-form trypanosomes: biosynthesis and processing of GPIs revisited." Biochemical Journal 428, no. 3 (2010): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20100229.

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The African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, has been used as a model to study the biosynthesis of GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) anchors. In mammalian (bloodstream)-form parasites, diacyl-type GPI precursors are remodelled in their lipid moieties before attachment to variant surface glycoproteins. In contrast, the GPI precursors of insect (procyclic)-form parasites, consisting of lyso-(acyl)PI (inositol-acylated acyl-lyso-phosphatidylinositol) species, remain unaltered before protein attachment. By using a combination of metabolic labelling, cell-free assays and complementary MS analyses,

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Lohchania, Brijesh, Porkizhi Arjunan, Gokulnath Mahalingam, Abinaya Dandapani, Pankaj Taneja, and Srujan Marepally. "Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Liver-Specific Gene Therapy for Hemophilia B." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 11 (2024): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111427.

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Background/Objectives: Hemophilia B is a hereditary bleeding disorder due to the production of liver malfunctional factor IX (FIX). Gene therapy with viral vectors offers a cure. However, applications are limited due to pre-existing antibodies, eligibility for children under 12 years of age, hepatotoxicity, and excessive costs. Lipid nanoparticles are a potential alternative owing to their biocompatibility, scalability, and non-immunogenicity. However, their therapeutic applications are still elusive due to the poor transfection efficiencies in delivering plasmid DNA into primary cells and tar

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Okazaki, Yutaka, Hirokuni Jintoku, Makoto Takafuji, Reiko Oda, and Hirotaka Ihara. "Creation of a polymer backbone in lipid bilayer membrane-based nanotubes for morphological and microenvironmental stabilization." RSC Adv. 4, no. 63 (2014): 33194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra03161j.

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We report a novel method for morphological and microenvironmental stabilization of single-walled bilayer nanotubes, which involves construction of a polymer backbone between the monolayers by intercalating a monomer, followed by in situ polymerization.

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Marsh, Derek, Micha Jost, Cristina Peggion, and Claudio Toniolo. "TOAC Spin Labels in the Backbone of Alamethicin: EPR Studies in Lipid Membranes." Biophysical Journal 92, no. 2 (2007): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.092775.

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Frewein, Moritz P. K., Milka Doktorova, Frederick A. Heberle, et al. "Structure and Interdigitation of Chain-Asymmetric Phosphatidylcholines and Milk Sphingomyelin in the Fluid Phase." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (2021): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081441.

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We addressed the frequent occurrence of mixed-chain lipids in biological membranes and their impact on membrane structure by studying several chain-asymmetric phosphatidylcholines and the highly asymmetric milk sphingomyelin. Specifically, we report trans-membrane structures of the corresponding fluid lamellar phases using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, which were jointly analyzed in terms of a membrane composition-specific model, including a headgroup hydration shell. Focusing on terminal methyl groups at the bilayer center, we found a linear relation between hydrocarbon chain leng

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Bernhardt, Harold. "Making Molecules with Clay: Layered Double Hydroxides, Pentopyranose Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life." Life 9, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9010019.

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A mixture of sugar diphosphates is produced in reactions between small aldehyde phosphates catalysed by layered double hydroxide (LDH) clays under plausibly prebiotic conditions. A subset of these, pentose diphosphates, constitute the backbone subunits of nucleic acids capable of base pairing, which is not the case for the other products of these LDH-catalysed reactions. Not only that, but to date no other polymer found capable of base pairing—and therefore information transfer—has a backbone for which its monomer subunits have a plausible prebiotic synthesis, including the ribose-5-phosphate

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Muszyński, Artur, Kol A. Zarember, Christian Heiss, et al. "Granulibacter bethesdensis, a Pathogen from Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Produces a Penta-Acylated Hypostimulatory Glycero-D-talo-oct-2-ulosonic Acid–Lipid A Glycolipid (Ko-Lipid A)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (2021): 3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073303.

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Granulibacter bethesdensis can infect patients with chronic granulomatous disease, an immunodeficiency caused by reduced phagocyte NADPH oxidase function. Intact G. bethesdensis (Gb) is hypostimulatory compared to Escherichia coli, i.e., cytokine production in human blood requires 10–100 times more G. bethesdensis CFU/mL than E. coli. To better understand the pathogenicity of G. bethesdensis, we isolated its lipopolysaccharide (GbLPS) and characterized its lipid A. Unlike with typical Enterobacteriaceae, the release of presumptive Gb lipid A from its LPS required a strong acid. NMR and mass sp

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