Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lipid formulations

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Lipid formulations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Lipid formulations.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Lipid formulations"

1

Shrestha, Hina, Rajni Bala, and Sandeep Arora. "Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems." Journal of Pharmaceutics 2014 (May 19, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/801820.

Full text

Abstract:

The principle objective of formulation of lipid-based drugs is to enhance their bioavailability. The use of lipids in drug delivery is no more a new trend now but is still the promising concept. Lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) are one of the emerging technologies designed to address challenges like the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Lipid-based formulations can be tailored to meet a wide range of product requirements dictated by disease indication, route of administration, cost consideration, product stability, toxicity, and efficacy. These formulations are also a commercially viable strategy to formulate pharmaceuticals, for topical, oral, pulmonary, or parenteral delivery. In addition, lipid-based formulations have been shown to reduce the toxicity of various drugs by changing the biodistribution of the drug away from sensitive organs. However, the number of applications for lipid-based formulations has expanded as the nature and type of active drugs under investigation have become more varied. This paper mainly focuses on novel lipid-based formulations, namely, emulsions, vesicular systems, and lipid particulate systems and their subcategories as well as on their prominent applications in pharmaceutical drug delivery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

S., Nikam Supriya, Phadatare Priya P., Watode Ankita B., and Kalyani Kayande. "NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS: A PROMISING APPROACH FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 6, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i07.007.

Full text

Abstract:

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are innovative pharmaceutical formulations made up of physiological and biocompatible lipids, as well as surfactants and co-surfactant. The initial generation of lipid nanoparticles was Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), which had a longer-lasting activity and was better, suited to drug penetration. The NLC is a second-generation lipid nanoparticle designed to alleviate the limitations of SLN, such as limited drug loading capacity and solid lipid polymorphism. Many benefits of topical medication delivery include avoiding first-pass metabolism, focusing active components for a local effect, and patient compliance. When compared to typical topical dose forms, nanoparticles have a greater effect in transporting medications through the skin. The structure, composition, many formulation methods, and characterization of NLCs are all important aspects in formulating a stable drug delivery system, as discussed in this review paper. A variety of approaches are used to make solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, which are discussed in this paper. Lipid nanoparticles have a variety of features that make them suitable for topical usage in cosmetics and medicinal formulations. Because of extensive positive benefits such as skin hydration, skin occlusion, and skin targeting, NLCs have a significant potential in the pharmaceutical market. Skin hydration is important for API topical distribution because it hydrates the skin, which causes the pores to open. Trans epidermal water loss decreases due to the occlusion nature of lipid nanoparticles, softening the skin. It is more suited since it uses biodegradable grade lipid, which does not cause toxicity like polymeric Nano formulations. Actually, because of their biodegradable composition, NLCs are a “Nano safe” carrier that has a lot of potential for overcoming the obstacles of topical distribution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Peddappi Reddigari, Jayachandra Reddy, Yerikala Ramesh, and Chandrasekhar B. Kothapalli. "Formulation and evaluation of in-situ gels enriched with Tropicamide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v9i1.1250.

Full text

Abstract:

The present research work “Formulation and Evaluation of In-situ gels enriched with Tropicamide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles”. To overcome the problems of side effects and to increase the bioavailability of tropicamide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles are containing with suitable lipids (glycerin trimyristate, Tristearin, Phosphatidylcholine & soyabean lecithin) with stabilizers (poloxamer 188) and surfactant like polysorbate 80. The interaction between drug, lipids & polymer by performing with FTIR no incompatibility with each other. The particle morphology was carried out by SEM & AFM in solid lipid nanoparticle formulation. The particle size was ranges from 213.6 ± 2.16nm to 538.0 ± 6.53 nm. The zeta potential ranges form -18.3mV to 25.6mV. The entrapment efficiency of free tropicamide was ranges from 74.13 % to 90.17%. The drug content was ranges from 0.212mg/ml to 0.912mg/ml. The SLN formulations must be transparent white colour and semi solid consistency. The pH 7.0 to 8.0 in all formulation. The gelling strength of gels TSLNGF1 to TSLNGF12 was ranges from 72 ± 1 sec to 117 ± 2 sec. The bio adhesive force was ranges from 10.12 ±1.01 dynes/cm2 to 23.12 ± 1.91 dynes/cm2. The viscosity of prepared formulation ranges from 415 ± 1.94 cps to 652 ± 1.41 cps. The spread ability studies of all formulation were ranges from 09 gms/sec to 18 gms/sec. The Accelerated stability the formulations does not undergo any chemical Changes. In vitro Franz’s diffusion studies of SLN enriched in gels TSLNGF1 to TSLNGF12 among the various formulation best formulations was TSLNGF6; its follows first order kinetics. Keywords: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles; Tropicamide; In- situ gels; In vitro diffusion studies

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Singh, Sukhwinder, Sukhmeet Singh Kamal, Amit Sharma, Daljit Kaur, Manoj Kumar Katual, and Rajesh Kumar. "Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Levosulpiride." Open Nanomedicine Journal 4, no. 1 (October 31, 2017): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875933501704010017.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives: The present study aims on preparing Levosulpiride loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to reduce the dose, frequency of dosing, reduce side effects and to increase the bioavailable fraction of drug (<30% orally in general). Methods: Levosulpiride was characterized by preformulation studies like physical appearance, melting point, assay, calibration curve, FTIR analysis and DSC analysis. The calibration curve of the drug was prepared in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. Two lipids (Stearic acid and Palmitic acid) were used as lipid phase to prepare SLNs. Factorial design (23) was applied to formulate 16 formulations (8 for each lipid i.e. SF1-SF8 and PF1-PF8). Levosulpiride SLNs were prepared by solvent evaporation method followed by homogenization. Results: The optimized formulations were characterized by particle size analysis, zeta potential analysis, in vitro drug release and drug release kinetics. Drug-excipient interaction in optimized formulation was characterized by FTIR, DSC and TEM analysis. Conclusion: On the basis of evaluation parameters, the formulation SF1 (containing Stearic acid) and PF1 (containing Palimitic acid) found to be better formulations amongst their groups with a controlled drug release after a period of 24 hrs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hiemenz, John W., and Thomas J. Walsh. "Lipid Formulations of Amphotericin." Journal of Liposome Research 8, no. 4 (January 1998): 443–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08982109809039931.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hauss, David J. "Oral lipid-based formulations." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59, no. 7 (July 2007): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Alvebratt, Caroline, Tahnee J. Dening, Michelle Åhlén, Ocean Cheung, Maria Strømme, Adolf Gogoll, Clive A. Prestidge, and Christel A. S. Bergström. "In Vitro Performance and Chemical Stability of Lipid-Based Formulations Encapsulated in a Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate Carrier." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050426.

Full text

Abstract:

Lipid-based formulations can circumvent the low aqueous solubility of problematic drug compounds and increase their oral absorption. As these formulations are often physically unstable and costly to manufacture, solidification has been suggested as a way to minimize these issues. This study evaluated the physicochemical stability and in vitro performance of lipid-loaded mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) particles with an average pore size of 20 nm. A medium chain lipid was loaded onto the MMC carrier via physical adsorption. A modified in vitro lipolysis setup was then used to study lipid release and digestion with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The lipid loading efficiency with different solidification techniques was also evaluated. The MMC, unlike more commonly used porous silicate carriers, dissolved during the lipolysis assay, providing a rapid release of encapsulated lipids into solution. The digestion of the dispersed lipid-loaded MMC therefore resembled that of a coarse dispersion of the lipid. The stability data demonstrated minor degradation of the lipid within the pores of the MMC particles, but storage for three months did not reveal extensive degradation. To conclude, lipids can be adsorbed onto MMC, creating a solid powder from which the lipid is readily released into the solution during in vitro digestion. The chemical stability of the formulation does however merit further attention.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Brajtburg, J., and J. Bolard. "Carrier effects on biological activity of amphotericin B." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, no. 4 (October 1996): 512–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.4.512.

Full text

Abstract:

Amphotericin B (AmB), the drug of choice for the treatment of most systemic fungal infections, is marketed under the trademark Fungizone, as an AmB-deoxycholate complex suitable for intravenous administration. The association between AmB and deoxycholate is relatively weak; therefore, dissociation occurs in the blood. The drug itself interacts with both mammalian and fungal cell membranes to damage cells, but the greater susceptibility of fungal cells to its effects forms the basis for its clinical usefulness. The ability of the drug to form stable complexes with lipids has allowed the development of new formulations of AmB based on this property. Several lipid-based formulations of the drug which are more selective in damaging fungal or parasitic cells than mammalian cells and some of which also have a better therapeutic index than Fungizone have been developed. In vitro investigations have led to the conclusion that the increase in selectivity observed is due to the selective transfer of AmB from lipid complexes to fungal cells or to the higher thermodynamic stability of lipid formulations. Association with lipids modulates AmB binding to lipoproteins in vivo, thus influencing tissue distribution and toxicity. For example, lipid complexes of AmB can be internalized by macrophages, and the macrophages then serve as a reservoir for the drug. Furthermore, stable AmB-lipid complexes are much less toxic to the host than Fungizone and can therefore be administered in higher doses. Experimentally, the efficacy of AmB-lipid formulations compared with Fungizone depends on the animal model used. Improved therapeutic indices for AmB-lipid formations have been demonstrated in clinical trials, but the definitive trials leading to the selection of an optimal formulation and therapeutic regimen have not been done.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Boyd, Ben J., and Andrew J. Clulow. "The influence of lipid digestion on the fate of orally administered drug delivery vehicles." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 4 (August 25, 2021): 1749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20210168.

Full text

Abstract:

This review will focus on orally administered lipid-based drug delivery vehicles and specifically the influence of lipid digestion on the structure of the carrier lipids and their entrained drug cargoes. Digestion of the formulation lipids, which are typically apolar triglycerides, generates amphiphilic monoglycerides and fatty acids that can self-assemble into a diverse array of liquid crystalline structures. Tracking the dynamic changes in self-assembly of the lipid digestion products during digestion has recently been made possible using synchrotron-based small angle X-ray scattering. The influence of lipid chain length and degree of unsaturation on the resulting lipid structuring will be described in the context of the critical packing parameter theory. The chemical and structural transformation of the formulation lipids can also have a dramatic impact on the physical state of drugs co-administered with the formulation. It is often assumed that the best strategy for drug development is to maximise drug solubility in the undigested formulation lipids and to incorporate additives to maintain drug solubility during digestion. However, it is possible to improve drug absorption using lipid digestion in cases where the solubility of the dosed drug or one of its polymorphic forms is greater in the digested lipids. Three different fates for drugs administered with digestible lipid-based formulations will be discussed: (1) where the drug is more soluble in the undigested formulation lipids; (2) where the drug undergoes a polymorphic transformation during lipid digestion; and (3) where the drug is more soluble in the digested formulation lipids.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Contini, Gisele, Fabielli de Oliveira, Alana Martins, and Katielle Córdova. "Partial Replacement of Maltodextrin by Sweet Potato Flour (Ipomoea Batatas L. Lamarck) in the Development of a Shake Beverage." Beverages 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages5010018.

Full text

Abstract:

Sweet potato flour contains low-glycemic complex carbohydrates and, when it is ingested, prevents insulin spikes and prolongs the feeling of satiety. The aim of this study was to elaborate and to verify the acceptability of the shake with the total or partial substitution of maltodextrin for sweet potato flour. To elaborate the shake beverage, we used a 22 factorial design, with three central points, thus generating seven formulations. For the taste, color, texture, appearance, acceptance and attitude of purchase properties, sensory tests were conducted using a nine-point hedonic scale and panelists (n = 50). The highest acceptability formulations, formulations 3 (10% sweet potato flour; 25% maltodextrin) and 7 (0% sweet potato flour; 25% maltodextrin), were submitted to pH, moisture, ash, protein, lipid, crude fiber and total carbohydrate analyses. The statistical difference between the formulations from the T test (p < 0.05) was verified for the moisture, ash and lipid parameters. Formulation 3 presented higher values of moisture (93.26 ± 0.57) and lipids (1.91 ± 0.01), and formulation 7 had higher values of ash (0.39 ± 0.01). The results of the sensorial and physicochemical analyses of the shake indicate that sweet potato flour shows potential for the elaboration of this drink.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lipid formulations"

1

Ørskov, Christensen Janne. "Evaluation of an in vitro lipid digestion model : testing poorly soluble drug substances and lipid-based formulations /." [Cph.] : Department of Pharmaceutics, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2004. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/jannechristensen.htm.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Solomon, Linda Joy. "Lipid-based formulations for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263231.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Xu, Zizhao. "Development of Lipid-based Nano Formulations of Miriplatin Against Lung Cancer." Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3699.

Full text

Abstract:

Cancer is the second leading cause of death and is responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths worldwide in 2018. Among all oncological diseases, lung cancer claims the highest mortality (male: 23.5%; female: 22%) and the second most new cases (male: 13%; female: 12%) in the US. Approximately 40% of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients are in the advanced stage IV, for which platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment, either by itself or in combination with surgery or radiotherapy. Cisplatin, the first-generation platinum-based anticancer chemotherapeutic agent, has the highest potency against lung cancer but carries many severe adverse effects. Cisplatin also induces drug resistance during long-term chemotherapy. Many more platinum complexes have been investigated as better alternatives, which led to the approval of carboplatin and oxaliplatin by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, miriplatin suspended in iodolipds (lipiodolization) was approved in Japan for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2009. Miriplatin has the same non-leaving group as oxaliplatin but different leaving groups of two myristate chains, which make it highly lipophilic. Several characteristics of solid tumors in lung cancer constitute a physiochemical barrier to the homogenous distribution and deep penetration of chemotherapy agents. Nanocarriers provide a promising platform to overcome the physiochemical barrier and to reduce the systemic toxicity of anticancer chemotherapy. In this study, miriplatin is formulated with various lipid-based nanocarriers including micelles and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) thanks to its highly lipophilic structure. The goal of this thesis is to develop and evaluate miriplatin-loaded nano formulations against lung cancer. Miriplatin-loaded formulations were prepared by different methods, including thin film hydration and several scale-up methods including chloroform dripping, chloroform injection, chloroform evaporation, co-solvent evaporation, chloroform slow evaporation and co-solvent slow evaporation. Between the two types of nano formulations under this study, micelles were much smaller (~10 nm in diameter) and more homogeneous (PDI < 0.3), while SLNs were bigger (~ 100 nm in diameter) and more heterogeneous (PDI ~0.8). A quantification method of miriplatin was established using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The quantification of platinum recovery from different miriplatin-loaded nano formulations was facilitated by digestion with 70% nitric acid and heating. The co-solvent slow evaporation method to prepare miriplatin-loaded nano formulations improved the platinum recovery prominently from 10% to 70%. Thus, co-solvent slow evaporation has been established as a pharmaceutically viable scale-up method to prepare nano formulations of miriplatin. Miriplatin-loaded nano formulations of different compositions were negatively stained with uranyl acetate and then imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed the formulations’ size and morphology that were consistent with the size and PDI data from dynamic light scattering studies by the Malvern Zetasizer. In the TEM studies, micelles showed a morphology of spherical dots at around 10 nm in diameter while SLNs showed both spherical and rod structures with a size distribution from 50 to 150 nm. A three-dimensional multicellular spheroid (3D MCS) model of A549-iRFP cells was used for in vitro evaluation of the nano formulations’ activity against lung cancer. A549-iRFP cells were engineered from the common lung cancer cell line A549 to stably express the near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP). The viability of A549-iRFP 3D MCS after exposure to cisplatin or nano formulations was similar to A549 3D MCS. The anticancer activity of miriplatin-loaded nano formulations against 3D MCS was positively associated with the platinum recovery as quantified by ICP-OES. The miriplatin-loaded nano formulations that had been prepared by the co-solvent slow evaporation method showed substantial anticancer activities against A549 3D MCS and A549-iRFP 3D MCS, which were comparable to cisplatin. Taken together, miriplatin-loaded nano formulations were successfully prepared by co-solvent slow evaporation. The formulations were developed to carry favorable physiochemical properties to enhance the activities of platinum drugs against lung cancer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Breitsamer, Michaela [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Winter. "Lipid-based depots : manufacturing, administration and interactions of protein drugs with lipid formulations / Michaela Breitsamer ; Betreuer: Gerhard Winter." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193049105/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hommoss, Aiman [Verfasser]. "Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) in dermal and personal care formulations / Aiman Hommoss." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023465574/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Mottais, Angélique. "Thérapie génique non-virale de la mucoviscidose : évaluation des voies d'administration et adaptation des formulations." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0146/document.

Full text

Abstract:

La mucoviscidose est une maladie génétique grave et évolutive dont les atteintes pulmonaires sont, aujourd’hui, les causes principales de décès des patients. Du fait de l’absence ou du dysfonctionnement du canal chlore CFTR, les patients atteints de mucoviscidose présentent un mucus hypervisqueux notamment au niveau des voies respiratoires. Ce mucus est un environnement favorable à la colonisation par des bactéries opportunistes telles que le Staphylococcus aureus ou le Pseudomonas aeruginosa. La chronicité des infections couplées avec une inflammation importante conduisent à la dégradation progressive des fonctions respiratoires. Actuellement, hormis la greffe coeur/poumon, aucun traitement curatif n’est encore accessible pour l’ensemble des patients. L’approche par thérapie génique apparait être une bonne stratégie pour tenter de guérir tous les patients indépendamment du type de mutations dont ils sont porteurs. Il s’agit d’apporter une copie saine du gène CFTR à l’intérieur des cellules afin que celles-ci expriment une protéine fonctionnelle. Pour ce faire, de nombreuses barrières sont à franchir. Parmi elles, la présence de bactéries dans l’environnement cellulaire est un frein s’opposant au transfert de gènes notamment par vecteurs. Il semble pertinent de développer une formulation multifonctionnelle permettant d’une part d’éliminer les bactéries en surface et d’autre part, de transfecter les cellules cibles. Cette formulation doit rester efficace après qu’elle ait été aérosolisée. Au cours de ce travail, plusieurs formulations, incorporant des lipides cationiques et des composés argent, ont été mises au point
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease with lung damages as the current main causes of death. Due to the absence or dysfunction of the CFTR chloride channel, CF patients have hyper-viscous mucus, particularly in the respiratory tract. This mucus is an environment favorable to infection development by opportunistic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chronicity of infections coupled with significant inflammation leads to the progressive degradation of respiratory functions. Currently, apart from the heart-lung transplantation, no cure is still available for all patients.The approach by gene therapy appears to be a good strategy to cure all patients regardless of the type of mutations they have. It is a matter of bringing a healthy copy of the CFTR gene into the cells so that they express a functional protein. To do this, many barriers must be overcome. Among them, the presence of bacteria in the cellular environment is a brake against the transfer of genes in particular by vectors. It seems pertinent to develop a multifunctional formulation that on the one hand eliminates surface bacteria and on the other hand transfect the target cells. This formulation must remain effective after it has been aerosolized. During this work, several formulations, incorporating cationic lipids and silver compounds, have been developed

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Hasan, Naser M. Y. "Pharmaceutical self-micro-emulsifying lipid formulations to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs." Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409880.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Grove, Mette. "Development and characterisation of lipid-based formulations for oral delivery of poorly soluble drug substances /." Cph. : The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, 2006. http://www.dfuni.dk/index.php/Mette_Grove/3071/0/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Sek, Leab 1973. "An in vitro model of lipid digestion for assessing the oral bioavailability enhancement potential of lipidic formulations." Monash University, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8215.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bradbury, Emma L. "Uptake and transport of orally-deliverable drugs across caco-2 cell monolayers: the effect of lipid formulations." Thesis, Aston University, 2005. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11031/.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the physicochemical parameters which can influence drug loading within liposomes and to characterise the effect such formulations have on drug uptake and transport across in vitro epithelial barrier models. Liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) or distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and cholesterol (0, 4, 8, 16 µM) were prepared and optimised in terms of drug loading using the hand-shaking method (Bangham et al., 1965). Subsequently, liposomes composed of 16 µM PC or DSPC and cholesterol (4 µM) were used to monitor hydroxybenzoate release and transport from Iiposomes. The MIT (3[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and crystal violet assays were employed to determine toxicity of the Iiposome. formulations towards the Caco-2 cell line, employed to model the epithelial barrier in vitro. Uptake and transport of mannitol, propranolol, glutamine and digoxin was measured in the presence and absence of Iiposome formulations to establish changes in absorption resulting from the presence of lipid formulations. Incorporation of the four hydroxybenzoates was shown to be influenced by a number of factors, including liposome composition and drug conformation. Methyl hydroxybenzo.ate (MP) was incorporated into the bilayer most effectively with percentage incorporation of 68% compared to 45% for butyl hydroxybenzoate (BP), despite its increased Iipophilicity. This was attributed to the decreased packing ability of BP within the hydrocarbon core of the lipid bilayer compared to MP. Release studies also suggested that the smaller MP was more strongly incorporated within the lipid bilayer with only 8% of the incorporated solute being released after 48-hours compared to 17% in the case of BP. Model transport studies were seen to reflect drug release profiles from the liposome bilayers with significantly (p < 0.01) higher amounts of BP partitioning from the liposome compared to MP, Caco-2 cell viability was maintained above 86% in the presence of all Iiposome formulations tested indicating the liposome formulations are non-toxic towards Caco-2 cells. Paracellular (apical-to-basolateral) transport of mannitol was significantly increased in the presence of DSPC, PC / DSPC:Cholesterol (16:4 µM; 1000 µg). Glutamine uptake and transport via the carrier-mediated route was Significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the presence of PC I DSPC:Cholesterol (16:0; 16:4 µM). Digoxin apical-to-basolateral transport was significantly increased (p < 0,01) in the presence of PC / DSPC:Cholesterol (16:0; 16:4 µM); thus reducing digoxin efflux via P-glycoprotein. In contrast, PC:ChoJesterol (16:0; 16:4 µM) significantly (p < 0.01) decreased propranolol uptake via the passive transcellular route. Bi-directional transport of propranolol was significantly (p < 0,01) decreased in the presence of PC/DSPC:Cholesterol (16:0; 16:4 µM). The structure of a solute is an important determinant for the incorporation and release of a solute from liposome formulations. PC, DSPC and cholesterol liposome formulations are nontoxic towards Caco-2 cell monolayers and improved uptake and transport of mannitol, glutamine. and digoxin across Caco-2 cell monolayers; thus providing a potential alternative delivery vehicle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Lipid formulations"

1

Trsková, Zuzana. NMR characterization of chlorhexidine in lipid-based formulations. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Dept. of Physics, 2004.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Hauss, David J., ed. Oral Lipid-Based Formulations. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420017267.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Oral lipid-based formulations: Enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluable drugs. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA, 2007.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hauss, David J. Oral Lipid-Based Formulations: Enhancing the Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences). Informa Healthcare, 2007.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Jacobs, Samantha E., Catherine B. Small, and Thomas J. Walsh. Fungal diseases of the respiratory tract. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0030.

Full text

Abstract:

Fungal respiratory infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Invasive aspergillosis remains the most common invasive fungal infection whereas other filamentous fungi, such as Fusarium spp., Mucorales, and Scedosporium spp., are increasing in frequency, particularly in neutropenic hosts. Endemic mycoses, including those due to Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides spp., and Talaromyces marneffei, are increasingly prevalent in patients with cell-mediated immunodeficiencies in respective geographic regions. Culture remains the gold standard of diagnosis but has limited sensitivity and often requires invasive procedures. Non-invasive diagnostic tests, including the serum sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the detection of galactomannan, the (1→3)-β‎-D-glucan assay, and molecular amplification methods have been developed to facilitate early and accurate diagnosis. Successful therapy depends upon early initiation of antifungal agents and reversal of immunosuppression. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B and newer generation triazoles including voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole have expanded the ability to treat multi-drug resistant pathogens more effectively and with less toxicity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Casaer, Michael P., and Greet Van den Berghe. Nutrition support in acute cardiac care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0032.

Full text

Abstract:

Malnutrition in cardiac and critical illness is associated with a compromised clinical outcome. The aim of nutrition therapy is to prevent these complications and particularly to attenuate lean tissue wasting and the loss of muscle force and of physical function. During the last decade, several well-powered randomized controlled nutrition trials have been performed. Their results challenge the existing nutrition practices in critically ill patients. Enhancing the nutritional intake and the administration of specialized formulations failed to evoke clinical benefit. Some interventions even provoked an increased mortality or a delayed recovery. These unexpected new findings might be, in part, caused by an important leap forward in the methodological quality in the recent trials. Perhaps reversing early catabolism in the critically ill patient by nutrition or anabolic interventions is impossible or even inappropriate. Nutrients effectively suppress the catabolic intracellular autophagy pathway. But autophagy is crucial for cellular integrity and function during metabolic stress, and consequently its inhibition early in critical illness might be deleterious. Evidence from large nutrition trials, particularly in acute cardiac illness, is scarce. Nutrition therapy is therefore focused on avoiding iatrogenic harm. Some enteral nutrition is administered if possible and eventually temporary hypocaloric feeding is tolerated. Above all, the refeeding syndrome and other nutrition-related complications should be prevented. There is no indication for early parenteral nutrition, increased protein doses, specific amino acids, or modified lipids in critical illness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Casaer, Michael P., and Greet Van den Berghe. Nutrition support in acute cardiac care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0032_update_001.

Full text

Abstract:

Malnutrition in cardiac and critical illness is associated with a compromised clinical outcome. The aim of nutrition therapy is to prevent these complications and particularly to attenuate lean tissue wasting and the loss of muscle force and of physical function. During the last decade, several well-powered randomized controlled nutrition trials have been performed. Their results challenge the existing nutrition practices in critically ill patients. Enhancing the nutritional intake and the administration of specialized formulations failed to evoke clinical benefit. Some interventions even provoked an increased mortality or a delayed recovery. These unexpected new findings might be, in part, caused by an important leap forward in the methodological quality in the recent trials. Perhaps reversing early catabolism in the critically ill patient by nutrition or anabolic interventions is impossible or even inappropriate. Nutrients effectively suppress the catabolic intracellular autophagy pathway. But autophagy is crucial for cellular integrity and function during metabolic stress, and consequently its inhibition early in critical illness might be deleterious. Evidence from large nutrition trials, particularly in acute cardiac illness, is scarce. Nutrition therapy is therefore focused on avoiding iatrogenic harm. Some enteral nutrition is administered if possible and eventually temporary hypocaloric feeding is tolerated. Above all, the refeeding syndrome and other nutrition-related complications should be prevented. There is no indication for early parenteral nutrition, increased protein doses, specific amino acids, or modified lipids in critical illness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Casaer, Michael P., and Greet Van den Berghe. Nutrition support in acute cardiac care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0032_update_002.

Full text

Abstract:

Malnutrition in cardiac and critical illness is associated with a compromised clinical outcome. The aim of nutrition therapy is to prevent these complications and particularly to attenuate lean tissue wasting and the loss of muscle force and of physical function. During the last decade, several well-powered randomized controlled nutrition trials have been performed. Their results challenge the existing nutrition practices in critically ill patients. Enhancing the nutritional intake and the administration of specialized formulations failed to evoke clinical benefit. Some interventions even provoked an increased mortality or a delayed recovery. These unexpected new findings might be, in part, caused by an important leap forward in the methodological quality in the recent trials. Perhaps reversing early catabolism in the critically ill patient by nutrition or anabolic interventions is impossible or even inappropriate. Nutrients effectively suppress the catabolic intracellular autophagy pathway. But autophagy is crucial for cellular integrity and function during metabolic stress, and consequently its inhibition early in critical illness might be deleterious. Evidence from large nutrition trials, particularly in acute cardiac illness, is scarce. Nutrition therapy is therefore focused on avoiding iatrogenic harm. Some enteral nutrition is administered if possible and eventually temporary hypocaloric feeding is tolerated. Above all, the refeeding syndrome and other nutrition-related complications should be prevented. There is no indication for early parenteral nutrition, increased protein doses, specific amino acids, or modified lipids in critical illness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Lipid formulations"

1

LaFountaine, Justin, Ping Gao, and Robert O. Williams. "Lipid-Based Formulations." In Formulating Poorly Water Soluble Drugs, 295–327. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42609-9_7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Tiberg, Fredrik, Markus Johnsson, Catalin Nistor, and Fredrik Joabsson. "Self-Assembling Lipid Formulations." In Long Acting Injections and Implants, 315–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0554-2_16.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Cafiero, Stephen M. "Chapter 11 Dissolution of Lipid-Based Drug Formulations." In Poorly Soluble Drugs, 353–92. Penthouse Level, Suntec Tower 3, 8 Temasek Boulevard, Singapore 038988: Pan Stanford Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315364537-12.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Molina, Marion dC, Nicole M. Payton, and Thomas J. Anchordoquy. "Stabilization of Plasmid DNA and Lipid-Based Therapeutics as Dehydrated Formulations." In Lyophilized Biologics and Vaccines, 211–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2383-0_10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Gao, Ping. "Design and Development of Self-Emulsifying Lipid Formulations for Improving Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble and Lipophilic Drugs." In Formulating Poorly Water Soluble Drugs, 243–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1144-4_7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Mojumdar, Enamul Haque, and Joke A. Bouwstra. "Stratum Corneum Lipid Composition and Organization." In Cosmetic Formulation, 47–60. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190674-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Golding, M. "The Colloidal State and its Relationship to Lipid Digestion." In Formulation Engineering of Foods, 196–232. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118597651.ch10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Rosiaux, Yvonne, Vincent Jannin, Sophie Hughes, and Delphine Marchaud. "Solid Lipid Excipients as Matrix Agents for Sustained Drug Delivery." In Excipient Applications in Formulation Design and Drug Delivery, 237–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20206-8_9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Öztürk Öncel, M. Özgen, Bora Garipcan, and Fatih Inci. "Biomedical Applications: Liposomes and Supported Lipid Bilayers for Diagnostics, Theranostics, Imaging, Vaccine Formulation, and Tissue Engineering." In Biomimetic Lipid Membranes: Fundamentals, Applications, and Commercialization, 193–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11596-8_8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Lopez-Martinez, Leticia Xochitl, José Juan Buenrostro-Figueroa, Edwin Rojo-Gutiérrez, Hugo Sergio Garcia-Galindo, and Ramiro Baeza-Jiménez. "Lipids as Components for Formulation of Functional Foods: Recent Trends." In Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, 319–54. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429322341-16.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Lipid formulations"

1

Chaudhari, Paresh, Rolin Wade, Jaime Natoli, Robert Taylor, Brian Nathanson, and David Horn. "Lower Nephrotoxicity, Adverse Effects And Hospital Length Of Stay With Exclusive Lipid Formulations Of Amphotericin B Vs. Amphotericin B Deoxycholate Followed By Lipid Formulation Amphotericin B." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6091.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ma, Q. H., S. Tong, L. Duan, Q. Xia, and N. Gu. "Comparison of Stability for All-trans Retinoic Acid Nanosuspensions and Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations." In 2007 IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccme.2007.4381721.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Suksuwan, Acharee, Zamzam Arour, Najwa Santiworakun, and Winai Dahlan. "Preparation and characterization of black seed oil loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical formulations: A preliminary study." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIFE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY (ICoLiST 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0052706.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Schoenitz, Martin, Annika Hohlen, Wolfgang Augustin, and Stephan Scholl. "In-Process Cleaning of a Micro Heat Exchanger With Ultrasound During the Continuous Crystallization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-21821.

Full text

Abstract:

Process intensification by the application of microscale process engineering in reaction and heat transfer processes provides the opportunity of moving from batch to continuous manufacturing, mainly due to enhanced heat and mass transfer. These effects are primarily caused by the very high surface to volume ratio in microstructured devices. Further advantages, particularly suitable for sensitive products, are the low shear stress in the typically occurring laminar regime and the short residence time. The crystallization of drug carrying lipid nanoparticles (LNP) is a typical batch process for pharmaceutical products and is used here to demonstrate benefits, challenges and application possibilities of the conversion into a continuous microscale process. During the continuous crystallization of various LNP formulations in a micro-crystallizer, designed as a micro heat exchanger with square channels, several formulations led to fouling and blocking of small passages in the micro heat exchanger. To investigate the fouling behavior of different LNP formulations in detail, integral pressure drop measurements over the micro heat exchanger were performed. This contribution addresses the in-process cleaning of a micro heat exchanger for the continuous crystallization using ultrasound. Different ultrasound amplitudes and operation procedures were investigated. During processing the overall pressure drop was decreased significantly by induced ultrasound pulses. The investigations showed that in-process cleaning of a micro heat exchanger with ultrasound is possible for screening as well as for long term production of LNP. Also the product quality, given by the particle size and particle size distribution, is not affected by the ultrasound input.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Tartis, Michaelann S., Jan Marik, Azadeh Kheirolomoom, Rachel E. Pollard, Hua Zhang, Jinyi Qi, Julie L. Sutcliffe, and Katherine W. Ferrara. "Pharmacokinetics of Encapsulated Paclitaxel: Multi-Probe Analysis With PET." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176435.

Full text

Abstract:

We have combined two imaging probes and used PET as a means to provide image-based validation for a novel targeted drug delivery system. The first probe was a direct labeling of the drug [18F]fluoropaclitaxel [1–3], which was inserted into various carrier vehicle formulations. The second probe, [18F]fluoro-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol, i.e. [18F]FDP involved radiolabeling the lipid vehicle. Paclitaxel, which is poorly soluble in aqueous media, also has limited solubility and stability in lipophilic environments such as liposomes. Stable association of paclitaxel with the lipid bilayer is affected by a variety of physicochemical factors such as temperature and liposome composition. Paclitaxel crystal formation has been documented, with two forms of solid state within aqueous media and organic solvents, although crystal conformation differs in each media [4,5]. We provide dynamic in vivo image sets providing biodistribution and time activity curves of free [18F]fluoropaclitaxel and liposomal [18F]fluoropaclitaxel as well as free [18F]FDP, liposomal [18F]FDP, and [18F]FDP in an ultrasound contrast agent. Serial studies were performed within a small group of rats, minimizing inter-animal variability. The two labeled molecules have different biodistributions: paclitaxel is rapidly taken up in the liver, intestines and kidneys, while the labeled lipid incorporated into liposomes stays in circulation with minimal uptake in organs other than spleen. Here, we have developed a quantitative method to follow paclitaxel and lipid vehicles to their destination in vivo in order to improve targeted paclitaxel delivery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Öztürk, Burcu, Aslı Zungur-Bastıoğlu, Meltem Serdaroğlu, and Berker Nacak. "Quality changes of sucuks produced with turkey meat and olive oil during fermentation and ripening." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7966.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of partial replacement of beef fat with olive oil on quality changes of fermented turkey sausages (sucuk) during processing. Three formulations were prepared by using the lipid phase as 100% beef fat (control), 85% beef fat+15% olive oil and 70% beef fat+30% olive oil. Total moisture, pH, acidity, water activity (aw) and peroxide values were analyzed in sausage dough, at the end of the fermentation and at the end of ripening. The production steps significantly affected moisture decrease in samples, pH and aw values were decreased and acidity was increased in all samples during production. Peroxide value of the samples increased during processing steps and the samples with olive oil had higher peroxide values compared to control. The results showed that during processing steps of fermented turkey sausages, considerable changes could occur depending on lipid type. Keywords: sucuk, fermented sausage, dry fermentation, fat replacement, olive oil, turkey meat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Singh, Jagbir, Wieslawa H. Dragowska, Malathi Anantha, Ashleen S. Prasad, Jenna S. Rawji, Norman S. Chow, and Marcel B. Bally. "Abstract 1334: Lipid-based nanoparticulate hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) formulations for use in combination with autophagy inducing drugs for treatment of breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1334.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sathyaruban, Sutharshiny, Shivatharsiny Yohi, and Sivashanthini Kuganathan. "Determination Of Proximate Composition And Crude Yeild Of Shrimp Shells(Peneaus Semisulcatus)." In 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrset.2019.11.777.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of green tiger prawn and to select the suitable solvent system for carotenoid extraction. Samples (P. semisulcatus) were purchased from the landsites and transported to the laboratory in an ice box. The whole shrimp were peeled manually, and the residues, consisting head, tail and shells are separated. The moisture content, total lipid, protein, and ash content were quantified using standard methods. Weight of extracted crude of shrimp shells and retention factor (Rf) for the shrimp shell powder were determined using different pure and mixed organic solvents. Moisture content of the fresh shrimp shells was found to be 76.40 ± 0.92 %. In the present study, quantification showed that the shrimp shells are significantly rich in ash content (25.52 ± 0.06 % in dry weight). Significantly (p < 0.05) the highest crude yield of 10.24 ± 0.02 % was obtained from shrimp shells, when the dried shrimp shells powder was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1) than the other solvents. The lowest crude yield (2.32 ± 0.01 %) was extracted with ether. The highest Rf was obtained when the shrimp shell crude was dissolved with the mixture of acetone and ethanol (1:1). It can be recommended from our findings that the dried shrimp shells of Peneaus semisulcatus would be directly utilized for formulations of poultry animal feeds and sea cucumber juvenile feeds due to its high ash content. The mixture of the acetone and ethanol (1:1) would be the better choice for obtaining the highest crude yield from the shrimp shells.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Rosa, Debora Morais, and Wanderley Pereira Oliveira. "Spray drying of lipid nanosystems (SLN and NLC) loaded with Syzygium aromaticum essential oil." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7554.

Full text

Abstract:

A quality by design approach was used to investigate the influence of formulation composition and spray drying conditions on physicochemical properties of redispersable lipid based nanosystems loaded with Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. Four critical independent variables were studied: presence or absence of the liquid lipid oleic acid (0% - 1%), of the cationic surfactant CTAB (0% and 1%), inlet drying temperature (60 ºC -80 ºC), and ratio of the drying aids (ADJ) regarded to total formulation constituents weight (1:1 and 2:1). Resuls showed the production of spray dried redispersable lipid systems loaded with essential is feasible under very restrict conditions. Keywords: Encapsulation; lipid systems; essential oil; spray drying; redispersable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Gonnet, Maud, Zina Koob, Thomas Perrier, Francis Bichat, Olivier Meyer, and Marc Hillairet de Boisferon. "Abstract 2895: Enhanced paclitaxel delivery to tumors using a new lipid nanocapsule-based formulation." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-2895.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!