Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lipídios - metabolismo'
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SILVA, Jaide Almeida da. "Lipídios dietéticos e eficiência energética." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9020.
Full textExiste muita controvérsia na literatura a respeito da associação entre lipídios dietéticos, obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares. Até os dias atuais ainda não é possível estabelecer com embasamento cientifico as recomendações de ingestão de carboidratos e lipídios. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos da dietas ricas em lipídios na eficiência energética de 10 voluntárias adultas saudáveis, as quais foram alimentadas durante 15 dias, com dieta rica em lipídios, em média 60% do valor calórico total, consumindo preparações culinárias comuns. Através da calorimetria indireta mediu-se o consumo de oxigênio das voluntárias durante repouso e atividade padrão em bicicleta ergométrica por 10 minutos antes e depois da dieta experimental. Os resultados indicam que houve aumento significativo (p<0,05) no consumo de oxigênio, o que pode explicar a manutenção do peso ou diminuição do mesmo, apesar da alimentação ser rica em calorias e gordura de origem animal, também não houve alteração nos lipídios séricos. Sendo assim os resultados indicam que o consumo de uma dieta com teor de gordura semelhante ao leite materno diminui a eficiência energética (aumenta consumo de oxigênio) em humanos o que pode explicar o não aumento do peso ou manutenção do mesmo, sem alterar lipídios séricos. Esses resultados indicam que conceitos largamente aceitos sobre a associação entre lipídios dietéticos e aumento de peso bem como, predisposição a hiperlipemias precisam ser revisados
Caon, Glauco da Silva. "Metabolismo de lipídios em cetáceos : identificação de estoques populacionais, itens alimentares e gliceroneogênese." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11130.
Full textBerleze, Kally Janaina. "Efeitos de diferentes dietas sobre o metabolismo de lipídeos e de carboidratos em ratas normonutridas e desnutridas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7279.
Full textDinis, Ana Paula Gonçalves. "Níveis plasmáticos de lipídios em ratos submetidos à dieta com gordura suína como fonte lipídica após esplenectomia total isolada ou combinada com implante esplênico autógeno." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2053.
Full textAn important role of the spleen in lipid metabolism has been suggested by clinical and experimental studies. Few studies, however, have evaluated the impact of different sources of fat in plasma lipid levels. The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the effect of a nutritionally balanced (NB) diet and a diet containing pork fat (PF) as sources of lipids on the lipid profile of rats submitted to total splenectomy (TS) alone or combined with splenic autotransplantation (SA). Sixty adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of 10 animals each: Group 1 sham-operated, fed the NB diet; Group 2 sham-operated, fed the PF diet; Group 3 TS, fed the NB diet; Group 4 TS, fed the PF diet; Group 5 SA, fed the NB diet; and Group 6 SA, fed the PF diet. Blood samples were collected immediately before the operation (D0) and 12 weeks after the beginning of the experiment (D+12) for plasma lipid determination. On D+12, the animals were killed and the splenic implants of groups 5 and 6 were removed. Morphologic regeneration of splenic tissues was observed, with no difference in percent regeneration between these two groups. Weight gain and chow intake were similar among all groups of animals. When D+12 plasma lipid levels were compared to D0, there were no differences in groups 1, 3, and 5, while in groups 2, 4, and 6 total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides (TGL) levels had increased and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels had decreased. At the end of the experiment, only the HDL levels of groups 2, 4, and 6 were lower than group 3 levels. Our results lead us to conclude that, regardless of the surgical spleen procedure to which the rats were submitted, a nutritionally balanced diet maintained plasma lipid levels, while a diet containing pork fat as a source of lipids led to alterations in lipid profile.
Sarapio, Elaine. "Estudo da ação do hormônio peptídico stanniocalcina sobre o metabolismo de lipídios." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101653.
Full textThe stanniocalcins (STC1 and STC2) are glycoprotein hormones related to the metabolism of calcium and phosphate first identified in fish bone. Recent findings showed that the functions of STCs were maintained in mammals. The discovery of the location of the receptor for STC1 in the mitochondrial membrane, as well as its uncoupling action of cellular respiration in rodents, strongly indicate an important role of this hormone in the intermediary metabolism of mammals. The STC stimulates lipogenesis in the liver and muscle tissue of rats. However, its action on the metabolism of adipose tissue has not yet been clarified. In this work, we studied the effect in vitro of human STC1 and STC2 concentrations (A: 0,01 ng/ml, B: 0,1 ng/ml, C: 10ng/mL) in white adipose tissue (WAT) and in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in male Rattus norvegicus , 300 ± 50 g , fed ad libitum and fasted for 24 and 48 hours (n= 61). The results show that in the WAT, the STC1 had no effect. However, STC2 at concentrations A and C decreased the formation of 14CO2 in fasted rats for 24 hours and the concentrations A and B increased the incorporation of [214C] into 14C-glycerol pyruvate in fed animals (control). In BAT, STC1 concentration B, decreased the formation of 14CO2 in fed animals (control). At the same concentration, increased the incorporation of [2 14C] pyruvate into 14C-glycerol in fasted rats for 24 hours and increased the incorporation of 14C-fatty acid in fed animals (control). The STC2 concentration B decreased the formation of 14CO2 in fed animals (control) and increased the formation of 14CO2 in animals fasted for 24 hours. The STC2 did not alter the glyceroneogenesis pathway in this tissue. The serum levels of leptin showed marked decrease in the group fasting for 48 hours. The STCs 1 and 2, in the concentrations used, did not alter the PEPCKc enzyme activity in the tissues studied (WAT and BAT) in fed animals (control). In almost all treatments we observed striking differences between fed and fasted animals. This is the first study that shows the effect of different concentrations of STCs in the metabolism of lipids.
MACÊDO, Patrícia Fortes Cavalcanti de. "Exercício em esteira promove ação ansiolítica e sua associação com óleo de peixe reduz a excitabilidade cerebral em ratos Wistar adultos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19603.
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CNPQ
As doenças crônicas e mentais ameaçam à saúde dos indivíduos. As estimativas do Global Burden of Disease Project sugerem que nos continentes americanos os distúrbios mentais correspondam a cerca de 30,7% dos anos perdidos por incapacidade. Duas estratégias terapêuticas complementares têm tido atenção da comunidade científica que são o uso de óleo de peixe e o exercício físico. Evidências demonstram efeitos benéficos destes recursos no metabolismo, cognição e ansiedade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, em ratos adultos, os efeitos da associação entre a suplementação com óleo de peixe e exercício físico forçado sobre glicemia de jejum, perfil lipídico plasmático, triglicerídeos, memória episódica, ansiedade e eletrofisiologia cortical. Foram utilizados 45 ratos da linhagem Wistar, do biotério da UFPE, divididos em 2 grupos: Óleo de Peixe (OP) ou Veículo (V) e subdivididos em Exercitados (Ex) ou controle Sedentário (S). Após o desmame, os animais foram alimentados com a dieta de manutenção do biotério PRESENCE e a partir dos 90 aos 120 dias de vida tanto os animais do grupo Ex, quanto os S foram suplementados por gavagem com OP ou V. A partir dos 120 dias de vida realizaram-se coletas de dados murinométricos, glicemia, soro, respostas comportamentais e eletrofisiologia cortical. Foram avaliados 4 grupos experimentais contendo de 10-13 animais cada. Os resultados indicam que a suplementação com OP e o Ex forçado em esteira não alteraram parâmetros murinométricos e metabólicos dos animais. Mas que o Ex reduziu o comportamento ansioso e a excitabilidade cerebral, e que a dosagem de OP se mostrou um limiar para mudanças comportamentais e eletrofisiológicas no grupo suplementado, potencializando o efeito do Ex. Neste contexto, pode-se sugerir que a redução na excitabilidade cerebral ocasionada pelo exercício e potencializada pelo OP pode ser um mecanismo pelo qual essa associação pode ser benéfica para saúde neural.
Chronic and mental diseases threaten the health of individuals. Scientific community have had attention for two complementary modalities: fish oil and exercise. Evidence has shown beneficial effects on metabolism, cognition and anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in adult rats, the effects of the association between supplementation with fish oil and forced exercise on fasting plasma glucose, plasma lipid profile, triglycerides, episodic memory, anxiety and cortical electrophysiology. 45 Wistar rats were used, they were divided into 2 groups: Fish Oil (FO) or vehicle (V) and divided into exercised (Ex) or Sedentary control (S). After weaning, animals were fed in PRESENCE maintenance diets. From 90 to 120 days of life both Ex and S animals were orally supplemented with V or OP. From the 120 days of age the blood glucose, murinometric parameters, serum samples, behavioral responses and cortical electrophysiology were recorded. 4 experimental groups were evaluated containing 10-13 animals each. The results indicate that supplementation with FO and forced treadmill Ex does not change murinometric and metabolic parameters of the animals, however, as Ex reduced anxious behavior and brain excitability, and that the dose OP showed a threshold for behavioral and electrophysiological changes in the supplemented group, potentiating the effect of Ex. In this context, it may be suggested that the reduction in the brain excitability caused by exercise and boosted by the FO can be a mechanism by which this association may be beneficial for neural health.
Júnior, Antonio Carlos de Arruda Leite. "Avaliação de aspectos funcionais da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) e suas subfrações em pacientes com doença arterial coronária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-01072015-103450/.
Full textClinical and epidemiological studies show that low concentrations of high density lipoproteins (HDL) are strongly and independently associated to an increased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the lack of success of some drugs developed to increase HDL cholesterol concentrations (HDL-C) suggests that the functional aspects of HDL may represent a more appropriate therapeutic target. To study one of the functional aspects of HDL, the present work describes the development of a practical method that provides an integrated view of a fundamental step of lipid metabolism, namely, the lipid transfer among different lipoprotein classes. This phenomenon in the HDL subfractions is yet unexplored, and could provide new insights on the pathophysiology of CAD. The method described here allows the measurement of the ability of HDL3 to receive the major lipid classes from a radioactively labeled nanoparticle that resemble LDL. The possible interfering factors at the lipid transfer to HDL3 were studied. The increase in the assay temperature from 0 to 40 °C results in a progressive increase in the net transfer of all lipids to HDL3. The increase in incubation time above 60 minutes resulted in a reduced transfer of cholesterol esters to HDL3 with a concomitant increase in the transfer of phospholipids to the latter. The method presented adequate intra and inter-assay precision, with a coefficient of variation smaller than 5% for all lipids. The average percentage of free cholesterol, phospholipids, triacilglycerol an cholesterol transfer to HDL3 was respectively of 1,1±0,06; 13,5±0,15; 2±0,05 e 0,84±0,04% in 45 healthy individuals and 1,0±0,04; 15,8±0,44; 1,77±0,04 e 1,0±0,06% in 45 CAD patients. There was no difference in the age, BMI, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triacilglycerol, apo A-1, apo B, CETP, PLTP and LCAT but the CAD patients had higher levels of total cholesterol and free cholesterol. The method described here is practical, precise and potentially relevant as a tool to study HDL function.
Monteiro, Bruno Moura. "Lipidograma e glicemia de búfalos leiteiros criados no Estado de São Paulo: influência de fatores fisiológicos e valores de referência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-16102012-152101/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the influence of age, gender, pregnancy, puerperium, lactation and breeding systems in the constituents of lipid metabolism and glucose of buffaloes. The biochemical analysis was obtained by determining the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-hydroxybutyrate (ß-HBO), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and plasma glucose levels. It was also meant to suggest reference values for these metabolites. Were used six properties of buffaloes Murrah, Mediterranean, and crossbreed, all located in the São Paulo state. Were collected 635 samples of serum and plasma between November 2009 and July 2010. To assess the condition of the general state of animals was used to evaluate body condition score (BCS) by assigning scores from 1 to 5 only for animals over 24 months. The values of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error means, coefficient of variation, confidence interval (95%), and minimum and maximum values were calculated using the Means procedure of SAS version 9.2. Tests for normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances were performed using the SAS Guide to Data Analysis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the SAS procedure Glimmix. The group information (Age, Pregnancy, Lactation, Gender, Puerperium; Creation System), Farm, Category, Number of Offspring and BCS, as well as their interactions, were used in statistical models. It was concluded that the metabolic components were significantly influenced by age, gender, postpartum, lactation and breeding system, and is not verified by the relevant influence pregnant heifers. Due to the large number of samples strategically taken, obtained from different stock breeding, were also suggest reference values for serum lipids and glucose of buffaloes in different ages, genders, moments of pregnancy, stages of peripartum and lactation periods.
Müller, Alexandre Pastoris. "Efeitos da dieta hiperlipídica e do exercício físico em camundongos parâmetros periféricos indicadores de resistência à insulina e sinalização hipocampal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10707.
Full textObesity is an epidemic all around the world and is a factor involved in many diseases as insulin resistance and diabetes type II. The present study examined the effect of high fat diet (HF) and physical exercise on peripheral tissue and hippocampus signaling. CF-1 mice were maintained for 5 months in treatments (high fat diet and physical exercise). We analyzed AKT, pAKT Ser473, pAKT thr308, ERK 1/2, pERK 1/2, CREB and pCREB immunocontent in hippocampus. Serum triacylglicerol (TAG), Cholesterol and HDLc wereanalyzed in serum and TAG and glycogen were assayed in liver. Treatments did not alter total proteins (AKT, ERK 1/2 and CREB) in hippocampus. HF caused an increased in phosphorylation status of AKT ser473 (p=0.05), but not in pAKT thr308. Exercise caused an increased in phosphorylation status in ERK 1/2 (p=0.03) and CREB (p=0.05). Furthermore, exercise was able to invert the harmful effect of HF, as the increased fatty liver (p=0.05) and decreased glycogen liver (p=0.05), and impede of gain of weight fat in abdominal region. These data provide evidences for the effects of HF diet and exercise on peripheral tissue and hippocampus signaling.
Gubert, Priscila. "Influência do antipsicótico atípico ziprasidona sobre o metabolismo de lipídios e comportamento do nematódeo Caenorhabditis elegans." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-92NLAN.
Full textA síndrome metabólica é um dos principais efeitos colaterais relacionado ao uso de antipsicóticos atípicos. Mesmo pertencendo a esta classe de fármacos, a ziprasidona tem sido pouco associada como geradora de tais efeitos principalmente quanto ao ganho de peso. No entanto, as vias moleculares diferenciais deste fármaco são ainda desconhecidas. Haja vista às inúmeras dificuldades em realizar estudos molecularmente aprofundados relacionados ao metabolismo, o presente estudo foi proposto para averiguar perfil de acúmulo lipídio e possíveis alterações comportamentais em um novo modelo experimental, o nematódeo Caenorhabditis elegans. Nossos resultados mostraram que a ziprasidona foi efetiva em reduzir a fluorescência marcada por Nile Red, BODIPY e LipidTox nas células intestinais do nematódeo C. elegans comparado ao controle (dimetilsulfóxido 0.16%). Este efeito foi observado apenas no tratamento por 24 h (estágio larval L4 até adulto). A ziprasidona não alterou comportamentos relacionados ao equilíbrio energético como batimento faríngeo, ciclos de defecação e movimento do C. elegans comparada ao grupo controle. Entretanto, verificou-se uma redução importante na produção de ovos, ovoposição e no tamanho dos vermes expostos à ziprasidona sem que houvesse alterações na progressão dos estágios larvais. Além disso, componentes da via serotoninérgica parecem não estar envolvidos no efeito causado pela ziprasidona sobre os níveis de fluorescência de Nile Red. Por outro lado, detectou-se uma modulação nos efeitos gerados pela ziprasidona sobre a fluorescência exercida pela exposição exógena à monoamina tiramina, bem como, dos fatores de transcrição DAF-16 e CREB observado através da reversão do perfil de fluorescência nos mutantes para estes fatores aos níveis do controle. Considerando estes resultados, sugere-se que a ziprasidona altera o comportamento reprodutivo, morfologia e as reservas lipídicas nas células intestinais do nematódeo C. elegans. Identificamos ainda, a influência da monoamina tiramina e dos fatores de transcrição DAF-16 e CREB na ação da ziprasidona sobre o acúmulo lipídico intestinal neste nematódeo.
Bastos, Daniel Silva Sena. "Efeito da dieta hiperglicídica e do anabolizante undecilenato de boldenona sobre a bioquímica dos lipídios, perfil de citocinas, estado oxidativo e morfologia do coração em camundongos Apo-E -/-." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8177.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Neste estudo foram investigados os efeitos do anabolizante undecilenato de boldenona (Bol) e da dieta hiperglicídica (HC) no coração de camundongos Apo-E -/- . Quarenta camundongos fêmeas com 10 semanas de idade foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 6 grupos com 8 animais cada. Controle) C57BL/6; NT) Apo-E -/- + dieta padrão; Bol) Apo-E -/- + dieta padrão + 20 mg/kg BOL; HC Apo-E -/- + HC; Bol 10 e Bol 20) Apo-E -/- + HC + 10 ou 20mg/kg Bol, respectivamente. A dieta HC foi desenvolvida de acordo com protocolo AIN- 93G para dietas purificadas. A boldenona foi administrada intraperiteonealmente três vezes por semana, durante oito semanas. Nossos dados indicam que HC e Bol sozinhos ou combinados aumentaram o peso dos animais, as concentrações séricas de LDL, e a atividade da glutationa-s- transferase no coração. Por outro lado, animais tratados com HC e Bol sozinhos apresentaram redução na atividade da catalase. Todos os grupos apresentaram redução das concentrações de malondialdeído. As concentrações séricas da isoenzima creatinoquinase CK-MB foram maiores nos animais tratados com Bol e HC sozinhos, mas não nas combinações. HC aumentou as concentrações séricas de TNF-α, IFN- , IL-2, IL-10 e IL-17. Nas combinações o efeito foi variável. A vascularização foi evidente nos tratamentos com Bol e HC sobretudo nas combinações. Enquanto HC sozinha aumentou a presença de infiltrado inflamatório esse efeito foi atenuado em BOL. Juntos esses dados mostram que tanto Bol quanto HC podem independentemente agravar a dislipidemia e induzir o remodelamento do miocárdio. Aparentemente, HC é potencialmente mais perigoso que Bol, induzindo um evidente estado pró-inflamatório sistêmico, que é diretamente relacionado a presença de infiltrado inflamatório. Contudo, Bol e HC podem prejudicar a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes alterando o balanço redox.
In this study we investigated the effects of high-carbohidrate dietary (HC) intake and boldenone undecylenate (Bol) on lipid and cytokine profiles, redox balance and heart morphology in Apo-E -/- mice. Female mice 10-weeks old, were randomized in 6 group with 8 animals each: Control) C57BL/6 + standard diet; NT) Apo-E -/- + standard diet; Bol) Apo-E -/- + standard dietary + 20 mg/kg Bol; HC) Apo-E -/- + HC; Bol 10 and Bol 20) Apo-E -/- + HSD + 10 or 20mg/kg BOL, respectively. The HSD was developed according the protocol AIN-93G for purified diets. Bol was administered intraperitoneally three times per week, for 8 weeks. Our data indicated that HC and Bol alone or combined increased body weight, LDL and HDL cholesterol serum levels, and cardiac activity of glutathione-s-transferase in Apo-E -/- mice. Conversely, animals treated with HC or Bol alone presented reduced activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. All groups receiving HC or Bol presented reduced tissue levels of malondialdehyde. The creatine kinase-izoenzyme (CK-MB) levels were high in animals treated with BOL or HSD alone, but not combined. In general, HSD increased TNF-α, IFN- , IL-2, IL-10 and IL-17 serum levels. However, this effect was variable in animals receiving HSD plus BOL. Although HSD and BOL have not exercised detectable influence on the morphology of the cardiac parenchyma, tissue vascularization was markedly increased by both treatments, especially when combined and in a dose-dependent way. While HC alone increased myocardial accumulation of inflammatory cells, this effect was attenuated by Bol. Taken together, our findings indicated that both HC and Bol can independently aggravated the dyslipidemia and induce a marked vascular remodeling in cardiac tissue. Apparently, HC is potentially more dangerous that Bol, inducing a marked pro-inflammatory systemic status, which is potentially related to the cardiac inflammatory infiltrate in Apo-E -/- mice. Although HC and Bol can impair the activities of antioxidant enzymes, this effect seem to be harmful to the myocardium redox balance.
Haddad, Laura Saade. "O papel dos lipídios na reorganização metabólica associada à dormência sazonal no lagarto teiú Tupinambis merianae (Sauria, Teidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-13022008-170743/.
Full textSeasonal dormancy is a widespread phenomenon among vertebrates, in which lipid stores in the body tissues constitute the major energy source during the prolonged fasting. In addition, there are recent evidence indicating a role played by the lipid metabolism and the fatty acids derived in the regulation of membrane functions, resulting in modulation of whole body metabolic rates in the organisms, as well as integrating nutritional and hormonal signals that promote metabolic responses to changes in fuel availability. The present study investigates the metabolic reorganization and lipidic and fatty acid composition in tissues and subcellular fractions from tegu lizards (Tupinambis merianae), associated with metabolic depression and fasting during seasonal dormancy. Maximum enzyme activities related to the catabolism of carbohydrates (PEPCK), lipids (CPT I, II), and proteins (GOT) in liver were estimated by spectrophotometry and radiochemical assay, the Na+K+ATPase activity was assayed in the liver by standard enzymatic methods, and the lipid and fatty acid composition were analysed in the abdominal fat bodies, plasma, skeletal muscle, and in liver whole tissue and mitochondrial fractions, using gas chromatography, during autumn activity, winter dormancy, arousal, spring activity, and in animals deprived of food for 20 days during activity. During the hypometabolic state, it was found: (1) a significant decrease in the aerobic capacity and gradual increase in the potential for oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria of liver tissue; (2) differential lipid and fatty acid composition in the fat bodies compared to the profiles obtained with plasma, muscle and liver tissue, suggesting selective mobilization of fatty acids; (3) no significant changes in the Na+K+ATPase activity in liver and significant changes in the total and individual fractions of MUFA and PUFA as a function of the seasonal cycle, in the opposite direction indicated by the theory of membranes as pacemakers of metabolism, suggesting however, an important role played by MUFA in the metabolic reorganization during seasonal dormancy.
Silva, Raquel D'Agostini. "Efeitos da erva-mate (Ilex paraguaiensis) sobre o metabolismo de aminoácidos e de lipídios em ratos Wistar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142885.
Full textYerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) is a native specie from South America, widely used in the preparation of stimulant drinks. The leaves and branches used in these drinks are not consumed in the natural or gross form, rather, they undergo a series of industrial processes such as singeing, drying, milling and aging. The processing conditions can modify the sensory characteristics and can directly influence the final amount of bioactive substances present in yerba mate. The major classes of bioactive compounds found in yerba mate are methylxanthines, polyphenols and saponins. These substances are responsible for a number of beneficial effects such as antioxidant activity, cholesterol lowering activity, anti-obesity, antiinflammatory and cardioprotective effects. However, weren’t found in the literature, studies that correlate the activity of yerba mate on proteins metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amino acids and lipids metabolism on rats treated with aqueous extract of commercial or gross yerba mate. We used 30 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control water group (CW): animals treated with standard chow and water ad libitum, commercial mate group (CM) and gross mate group (GM): animals treated with standard chow and aqueous extract of commercial or gross yerba mate ad libitum, respectively. Beyond the uptake of aminoisobutiric acid (AIB-14C), the oxidation of L-alanine-14C and protein synthesis from Leucine-14C, were also evaluated body weight, seric levels of insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, total protein and fat contents of retroperitoneal and epididymal and the lipolytic activity of these tissues. The treatment with the commercial yerba mate extract significantly increased uptake of AIB-14C in the liver. Both treatments with aqueous extract of commercial and gross yerba mate drastically reduced protein synthesis in the liver and retroperitoneal fat weight and increased levels of epididymal adipose tissue lipolysis. Only the CM group significantly reduced the weight gain of the animals while only the GM group reduced levels of seric triglycerides. Both extracts CM or GM did not change the protein metabolism in the soleus muscle. This study first demonstrated that yerba mate is able to interfere with the hepatic metabolism of amino acid and lipid metabolism, without interfering with protein metabolism in skeletal muscle. Moreover, it was observed that some effects are directly related to the ratio of bioactive compounds present in the extracts, whereas extracts of commercial yerba mate and gross yerba mate differed in several outcomes.
MAGALHÃES, Fernando Jorge Rodrigues. "Índice glicêmico e metabolismo dos lipídios nos cavalos alimentados com diferentes níveis de extrato etéreo no concentrado." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5624.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Changing the concentrations of blood metabolites in the horse are important indicators of metabolic responses to diets. We determined the effects of ingestion of concentrates containing different percentages of ether extract and ground corn in the concentration of biochemical parameters in horse. Five horses and five treatments (EE 6.5%, EE 12%, EE 14%, EE 20% and corn), randomly assigned in a 5x5 factorial. The animals were adapted to the ingestion of different treatments for 10 days and in 11th day blood samples were drawn after a fasting of 12 hours through the puncture in the jugular vein on eight occasions, for analysis of metabolites (glucose [GLUC] ), total plasma protein [PPT], hematocrit [HT], total cholesterol [COLE-T], triglycerides [TRIG], urea [UREA] and creatinine [CREAT]). The results were subjected to analysis of variance for repeated measures, both by one-way ANOVA was utilized for analysis within the same concentrate, as the two-way ANOVA for analysis of diets and stages, with significance set at P <0.05, using the SigmaStat ® 3.0 for Windows ®. The Tukey or Dunnett method was used for multiple comparison between means and the level of significance set at P <0.05. The results showed that intake of diets containing different percentages of ether extract and ground corn did not affect blood glucose, no differences were observed in [glucose] with the fasting animals, but differences were observed at the peak of [GLUC] after 2 hour supply of food, no significant changes were observed in the other metabolites examined. We conclude that such information is of great value to veterinarians who provide follow-up of horses, especially the athlete, for that receive large amounts of concentrated energy, thus trying to establish a concentrate that can provide more energy during the achievements of the exercises.
Modificações nas concentrações dos metabólitos sanguíneos no cavalo são importantes indicativos das respostas metabólicas às dietas. Foram determinados os efeitos da ingestão de concentrados contendo diferentes percentagens de extrato etéreo e o milho triturado sob a concentração de parâmetros bioquímicos em cavalos. Foram utilizados cinco equinos e cinco tratamentos (EE 6,5%, EE 12%, EE 14%, EE 20% e o milho triturado), distribuídos aleatoriamente pelo em um fatorial 5x5. Os animais foram adaptados à ingestão dos diferentes tratamentos durante 10 dias e no 11o dia as amostras de sangue foram colhidas após um jejum alimentar de 12 horas através da punção na veia jugular externa em oito ocasiões, para as análises dos metabólitos (glicose [GLIC]), proteína plasmática total [PPT], hematócrito [HT], colesterol total [COLE-T], triglicérides [TRIG], ureia [UREIA] e creatinina [CREAT]). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise da variância para medidas repetidas, tanto pelo one-way ANOVA, utilizado nas análises dentro do mesmo concentrado, como pelo two-way ANOVA, para análises entre as rações e as fases, com nível de significância estabelecido em P<0,05, através do programa SigmaStat® 3.0 para Windows®. O método de Tukey ou Dunnett foi utilizado para a comparação múltipla entre as médias, sendo o nível de significância estabelecido em P<0,05. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que a ingestão de rações contendo diferentes percentagens de extrato etéreo e o milho triturado não modificou a glicemia, não se observou diferenças na [glicose] com os animais em jejum, todavia foram observadas diferenças no pico da [GLIC] após 2 horas de fornecimento do alimento, não foram observadas variações significativas nos demais metabolitos analisados. Conclui-se que essas informações são de grande valia para os veterinários que fazem acompanhamento de equinos, principalmente o atleta, por esse receber grandes quantidades de concentrados energéticos, tentando assim se estabelecer um concentrado que possa fornecer maior energia durante as realizações dos exercícios.
Reichert, César Luís. "Associação entre fatores metabólicos, antropométricos e clínicos e atividade física em idosos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3655.
Full textBackground and aims – Although many studies show the importance of an active life style for health promotion and disease prevention, there are conflicting data regarding the association of physical activity and lipidic profile, anthropometric measures and blood pressure, especially in the elderly. This study aimed to evaluate the physical activity levels of a group of elderly people and associate it to lipidic profile, anthropometric measures and blood pressure. Methods – Three hundred and seventy nine elderly (252 women and 127 men) were enrolled in the study, mean age 69 years old. The physical activity level was estimated by IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and the association with lipids, blood sugar, body mass index, and blood pressure was made using multiple linear regression. Results – There was no significant association of the of physical activity and lipid profile, any anthropometric measure and blood pressure. Conclusion – Even though an active life style should be encouraged, at least in this elderly group a clear association of physical activity level and a better lipid profile, blood sugar, anthropometric measures and blood pressure was not observed.
Introdução e objetivos- Embora inúmeros estudos demonstrem a importância de um estilo de vida ativo para a prevenção e a manutenção da saúde, há dados conflitantes quanto à associação entre perfis lipídico, medidas antropométricas e níveis de pressão arterial e atividade física, especialmente na população idosa. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o nível de atividade física realizada por um grupo de idosos e associá-lo a fatores metabólicos, antropométricos e funcionais. População e Métodos - Participaram do estudo 379 idosos (252 mulheres e 127 homens), com média de idade de 69 anos. O nível de atividade física foi estimado pelo IPAQ (Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física), sendo utilizado regressão linear múltipla para verificar sua associação com parâmetros bioqímicos, antropométricos e funcionais. Resultados - Não houve associação significativa entre os perfil lipídico, glicemia, índice de massa corporal e níveis de pressão arterial com o nível de atividade física. Conclusão - Embora um estilo de vida ativo deva ser encorajado, pelo menos nesta população de idosos, uma clara associação entre melhores perfis lipídico, glicêmico, antropométrico e pressórico e nível de atividade física não foi observada.
Almeida, Martha Elisa Ferreira de. "Perfil lipídico e morfologia hepática, aórtica e cardíaca de ratos alimentados com diferentes fontes lipídicas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8719.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Hábitos de vida inadequados têm aumentado a prevalência das doenças crônico-degenerativas, e dentre essas os maiores destaques têm sido quanto as doenças cardiovasculares, obesidade e o diabetes mellitus, ambas envolvidas com o metabolismo lipídico. Assim, manter uma vida saudável é uma tarefa árdua, visto que os nutrientes dietários são fatores importantes na etiologia de doenças. Sendo portanto, imprescindíveis os conhecimentos sobre a qualidade e a quantidade dos nutrientes ingeridos. As moléculas lipídicas presentes nos alimentos exercem efeitos bastante diferenciados no organismo. O seu metabolismo é muito amplo, baseado na complexidade e na diversidade de classes destas moléculas. A classe dos esteróides (colesterol) e dos triacilgliceróis são as mais estudadas. Quanto aos triacilgliceróis há necessidade de muitos estudos para desvendar o efeito de seus ácidos graxos no metabolismo de modelos experimentais, pois o tamanho, grau de saturação e a distribuição posicional dos ácidos graxos nas moléculas de triacilgliceróis dietários exercem efeitos importantes sobre os lipídios celulares e a lipemia. Desta maneira, enquanto não são definidas as recomendações diárias adequadas dos tipos e quantidades de ácidos graxos, é de grande importância o consumo de nutrientes indispensáveis à vida que devem ser fornecidos via alimentação equilibrada. Sendo que associada a esta dieta, que deve ser rica em nutrientes como minerais, vitaminas, aminoácidos, ácidos graxos essenciais (linoléico ω6 e linolênico ω3), fibras, antioxidantes e a água, devem estar presentes no cotidiano a atividade física e outros hábitos saudáveis de vida visando à prevenção e/ou manutenção da saúde.
Inadequated ways of life has increased the prevalence os chronic- degenerative deseases, and among these, the heart deseases, obesity and the mellitus diabetes, both involved with the lipids of metabolism, has been the greatest eminence. So, keeping a healthy life is a difficult task, since the dietary nutrients are important factors in the etiology of the deseases, it is necessary to have the knowledge about the quality and the quantity of the ingested nutrients. The lipids molecules existing in the food exert very different effects in the organism. It has a very high metabolism, based in the complexity and in the diversity of these molecules category. The steroids category (cholesterol) and the triacylglycerols are the most studied ones. About the triacylglycerols, it is necessary to have many studies to discover the effects of their fatty acids in the metabolism of experimental models, because the size, saturation, degree and the positional distribution of the fatty acids in the molecule of the dietary triacylglycerols exert important effects over the celular lipids and lipemy. This way, while the daily adequated recommendations to the types and quantities of fatty acids aren`t defined, the consumption of necessary nutrients for life must be supplied through a balanced feeding. Together with this diet rich in nutrients like minerals, vitamins, aminoacids, essential fatty acids (linoleic 6 and linolenic 3), fibers, antioxidants and water, must be presents in the day by day, the physical activity and other healthy habits in the life aiming the prevention and/or the maintenance of the health.
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Sandre, Lidiane Cristina Gonçalves de. "Níveis de carboidratos e lipídios em dietas para juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) : variáveis produtivas, fisiológicas e turnover isotópico /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134355.
Full textCoorientador: Rosangela Kiyoko Joromi Bonichelli
Banca: Eduardo Gianini Abimorad
Banca: Mônica Serra
Banca: Marta Verardino de Stéfani
Banca: Luiz Edivaldo Pezzato
Resumo: O tambaqui Colossoma macropomum é o peixe nativo brasileiro mais produzido na aquicultura continental de água doce. No entanto, pouco ainda se sabe sobre as exigências qualitativas e quantitativas de nutrientes das espécies nativas utilizadas na aquicultura. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de utilização de lipídios e carboidratos em dietas para juvenis de tambaqui, por meio de análise do desempenho produtivo, da composição corporal, do metabolismo energético e do turnover isotópico dos nutrientes no músculo, no fígado e na gordura visceral. Na fase pré-experimental, foram utilizados 3.600 juvenis de tambaqui que receberam uma dieta baseada em plantas do ciclo fotossintético C3 por um período de 70 dias, para que os tecidos corporais expressassem a composição isotópica semelhante ao da dieta ofertada. Após esse período, 1080 peixes (com peso aproximado de 10 g) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 24 tanques e alimentados com a dieta baseada em plantas do ciclo fotossintético C4, durante 120 dias. O experimento foi realizado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 constituído por três níveis de extrativo não nitrogenado (41, 46 e 51% ENN) e dois teores de extrato etéreo (4 e 8% EE). O maior nível de inclusão de ENN (51%) causou redução no consumo e, consequentemente, no crescimento dos animais. O incremento no teor de EE para 8% aumentou a deposição de gordura corporal, reduziu os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes e da energia, elevou os triglicerídeos séricos e também a gordura do fígado e músculo. Houve efeito poupador de proteína para o crescimento nos tambaquis alimentados com 46% de ENN, uma vez que apresentaram melhores resultados para ganho em peso, taxa de eficiência proteica, eficiência de retenção de proteína bruta e participação da proteína bruta no ganho em peso. O período...
Abstract: The tambaqui Colossoma macropomum is the most produced native fish in Brazil in continental freshwater aquaculture. Little is known, however, about the qualitative and quantitative requirements of nutrients for the native species used in aquaculture. From this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of using lipids and carbohydrates in diets for juveniles of tambaqui, through the analyses of performance, body composition, energy metabolism, and the isotopic turnover of nutrients in the muscle, liver and visceral fat. In the pre-experimental phase, 3600 tambaqui juveniles were used which received a diet based on plants from the C3 photosynthetic cycle for a period of 70 days, in which the body tissues would express the isotopic signature similar to the offered diet. After this period, 1080 fish (with a weight of approximately 10 g) were randomly distributed into 24 tanks and were fed diets based on plants from the C4 photosynthetic cycle, for 120 days. The experiment was carried out with six treatments and four replications in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme consisted of three levels of nitrogen free extract (41, 46 and 51% NFE) and two levels of ether extract (4 and 8% EE). The highest level of inclusion of the NFE (51%) caused a reduction in the consumption and consequently in the growth of the animals. The increase in the level of EE to 8% increased the deposition of body fat, reduced the coefficients of digestibility of the nutrients and energy, increased serum triglycerides and the fat in liver and muscle. There was a protein-sparing effect for the growth of the tambaquis fed with 46% of NFE, since these animals presented the best results for weight gain, protein efficiency rate, retention efficiency of crude protein, and participation of the crude protein in the weight gain. The experimental period of 120 days was sufficient to reflect the isotopic composition of the ...
Doutor
Garrine, Cármen Maria Lucas Pedro. "Efeitos de dois níveis de sulfato de cobre e cobre metionina no metabolismo e oxidação de lipídios em ovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-11022014-091249/.
Full textCopper is associated with lipid metabolism, becoming very important in reducing cholesterol and oxidative stability of meat, because it is part of some antioxidant enzymes. These attributes make interesting the research of this mineral in various animal species to improve the quality life of consumers, since they can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancers, as well as of the suppliers of the meat due to the possibility of increase the shelf life and organoleptic characteristics. So the aim of this study was to determine the effect of two levels of copper sulphate and copper methionine on lipid and cholesterol metabolism and lipid oxidative stability in meat of Merino x Texel lambs. For that, an experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, at the Pirassununga Campus using forty male lambs, Merino x Texel, randomly distributed into 5 treatments groups of 8 animals each. The animals were housed in individualized cages for the study of sheep metabolism, for a period of 120 days. Treatments used were: control, without addition of Cu (Co); 10 or 30 mg of Cu/kg of DM in the form of Cu sulphate (CuSO4); 10 or 30 mg of Cu/kg of DM in the form of copper methionine (Cu-methionine). Liver biopsies were carried out in all animals to determine initial hepatic Cu level. On day 0, 28 and 56 of the experiment blood were collected for analysis of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides. At the end of the experiment, animals were humanely slaughtered and liver samples were collected for later for analysis of Cu, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GP-x), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). After 24 hours of cooling, left carcasses halves were sawed into two parts between the 12th and the 13th rib to obtain the fat thickness (EGSC). During sawing muscle sample from m. longissimus were collected for determination of cholesterol, fatty acids profiles and TBARS. At the same time, m. longissimus muscle entire was collected and frozen under vacuum for 12 months for study of oxidative stability. After that, steaks of m. longissimus were collected and exposed to \"display life\" (DL) (4°C) to study oxidative stability which was accompanied by TBARS values on days 0, 3 and 6. The copper supplementation resulted in higher concentration and accumulation of Cu in the liver (P<0.05), however, the concentration of Cu in muscle was not altered by supplementation (P>0.05). There was no significant effect (P>0.05) for fat thickness, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL between control and copper supplementation regardless of the source. The copper supplementation altered the fatty acid profile of the meat (P<0.05), with an increase in the proportion of lauric acid (C12: 0) in the control group compared with the other treatments (P<0.05). Copper supplementation reduced cholesterol concentration in m. longissimus (P<0.05) in supplemented lambs compared to the control group, this reduction was accompanied by reduction concentrations of GSH (P<0.05) and increasing of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the liver (P<0.05). There was no effect of Cu supplementation for TBARS in the liver however, there was significant effect on m. longissimus collected during sawing (P<0.10). There was no effect of Cu supplementation for TBARS in the m. longissimus exposed in the \"Display Life after 12 months vacuum freezing (P>0.05), but there was a linear increase in TBARS values during this period. Cu supplementation increased the activity of SOD and GP-x (P<0.05) in the liver. These results suggest that copper can be used to improve meat quality without affecting the oxidative stability.
Giribela, Aricia Helena Galvão. "Avaliação da influência da menopausa no tamanho das partículas da HDL e na sua capacidade de receber lipídios de uma nanoemulsão semelhante à LDL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-23102007-111819/.
Full textObjective: HDL levels are important for atherosclerosis prevention especially in the female gender, but functional aspects of the lipoprotein are also important. In this study, post-menopausal were compared to pre-menopausal women in the same age range to determine the influence of menopause upon the HDL size and ability of the lipoprotein to receive lipids from donor lipoproteins, a process that depends on transfer proteins and on HDL composition and structure. Methods: Twenty-two pre and eighteen postmenopausal, healthy and normolipidemic women, aged 40-50 yr. Both groups did not differ in BMI and plasma glucose, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apo B concentration. An artificial nanoemulsion (LDE) was used as a model of LDL to donate lipids to HDL. LDE labeled with 3 H-triglicerides (TG) and 14 C-free cholesterol (FC) or 3 H-cholesteryl esters (CE) and 14 C-phospholipids (PL) incubated with plasma samples for 1h. After chemical precipitation, the supernatant containing HDL was counted for radioactivity. HDL size was measured by laser-light-scattering. Results: HDL concentration of pre and post menopausal women did not differ as estimated by HDL cholesterol (61±12; 61±14 mg/dl respectively) and apo A1 concentration (1.5±0.3; 1.5±0.2g/l). HDL size also did not differ (8.8±0.8; 9.0±0.5 nm, respectively). Menopause also did not affect the transfer of lipids from LDE to HDL (in % of total radioactivity/10mg HDL/h), namely CE (0.5±0.3; 0.5±0.2, respectively), FC (0.9±0.2; 0.9±0.2), TG (0.6±0.2;0.6±0.2) and PL (3.0±0.7; 3.3±1.0). Conclusion: The menopause does not affect the size and an important functional parameter that is the ability of HDL to receive lipids.
Barbosa, Amanda Marreiro. "Efeitos da suplementação com óleo de peixe sobre alterações no metabolismo da glicose e dos lipídios induzidas por glicocorticoide em ratos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/129136.
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A dexametasona (Dex) é um glicocorticoide sintético usado como potente anti-inflamatório na prática clínica. Quando administrada em excesso, a Dex pode promover alterações no perfil glicêmico e lipídico. Os ácidos graxos polinsaturados ômega n-3 (AGPIs n-3) presentes no óleo de peixe (OPe) podem ser usados como potentes moduladores do metabolismo da glicose e dos lipídios. Com isso, nós investigamos os efeitos da suplementação com OPe sobre alterações no metabolismo da glicose e dos lipídios ocasionadas por 15 dias de tratamento com Dex. Foram utilizados ratos machos adultos divididos em 4 grupos: CTL, salina 1 ml/kg p.c. e óleo mineral 1 g/kg p.c., DEX, dexametasona 0,5 mg/kg p.c. e óleo mineral 1 g/kg p.c., OP, óleo de peixe 1g/kg p.c. e salina 1 ml/kg p.c e DOP, óleo de peixe 1g/kg p.c. e dexametasona 0,5 mg/kg p.c, tratados por 15 dias. A Dex e salina foram administradas via intraperitoneal e o óleo de peixe e óleo mineral, via gavagem. Foram analisados a massa corpórea, glicose sanguínea, componentes plasmáticos (triacilglicerol-TAG, colesterol total-CT, HDL-c), conteúdo de glicogênio e gordura hepática, tolerância à glicose, à insulina e ao piruvato. Também foi avaliado o conteúdo das proteínas substrato receptor de insulina 1 (IRS-1), proteína cinase B (Akt), receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomos-gama (PPAR?) e coativador 1 do receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissomos-alfa (PGC-1a) e a incorporação dos ácidos graxos eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e docosahexaenoico (DHA) no fígado. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância (ANOVA), seguido de post hoc de Tukey, com nível de significância de 95%. Os dados mostram que a suplementação com OPe resultou em maior incorporação de EPA (DEX: 0,3±0,0; DOP: 1,3±0,1) e DHA (DEX: 5,6±0,7; DOP: 10,5±0,8) no fígado e reduziu as concentrações plasmáticas de TAG, CT e fração não HDL-c nos ratos tratados com Dex. Estas modificações ocorreram sem alteração no conteúdo hepático das proteínas IRS-1, Akt, PGC-1a e PPAR?. A ingestão de OPe não atenuou a perda de peso, o aumento da glicemia em jejum e a intolerância à glicose (no oitavo dia de tratamento) nos ratos tradados com Dex. No fim do tratamento (16 dias) não foi observada intolerância à glicose nos ratos tradados com Dex, independente da suplementação. Diante disso, o presente estudo mostra que a suplementação com óleo de peixe, na dose e tempo utilizados, atenua as alterações dos lipídios plasmáticos provocadas pelo tratamento comDex, mas não exerce nenhum efeito sobre os parâmetros da homeostase glicêmica em ratos.
Abstract : Dexamethasone (Dex) is a synthetic glucocorticoid clinically applied as anti-inflammatory. However, in excess or after prolonged exposition, Dex may also alter the glucose and lipid homeostasis. The omega-3 fatty acids, present in fish oil (FOi), can be used as potential modulators of intermediary glucose and lipids? metabolism. Herein, we evaluate the effects of FOi supplementation on the glucose and lipid? metabolism in rats treated with Dex during 15 days. Adult male Wistar rats were divided in four groups: CTL received saline 1 ml/kg per body weight (b.w) and mineral oil 1 g/kg b.w; DEX received dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg b.w and mineral oil 1 g/kg b.w; FO received fish oil 1g/kg and saline 1 ml/kg b.w; and DFO received fish oil 1 g.kg b.w and dexamethasone 1 mg/kg b.w for 15 days. Dex and saline were administered intraperitoneally and fish oil and mineral oil by gavage. Were evaluated the body weight, blood glycaemia, plasmatic parameters (triacylglycerol ? TAG, total cholesterol ?TC and HDL-c), glycogen content, hepatic fat and glucose, insulin and pyruvate tolerance. In addition, were evaluated the expression of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B (PKB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1a) and the incorporation of fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in liver. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc test at a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that FOi supplementation increased DHA (DEX: 5.6±0.7; DFO: 10.5±0.8) and EPA (DEX: 0.3±0.0; DFO: 1.3±0.1) hepatic content and attenuate the modifications of the plasmatic concentrations of TAG, TC and non-HDL-c fraction in the DFO rats compared with DEX. These effects occurred without modifications on the hepatic expression of IRS-1, Akt, PGC-1 and PPAR? proteins. The FOi supplementation does not attenuate the loss of body weight, the increase of fasting glycaemia and the glucose intolerance (on the eighth day of treatment) in the rats treated with Dex. At the end of treatment (16 days), we observed that the DEX groups were not glucose intolerant, independent of the FOi supplementation. Therefore, the present study showed that the FOi supplementation, in the dose and time tested, attenuated the lipid metabolism alterations induced by Dex treatment.
Siloto, Estela Valéria. "Efeito da suplementação de cromo em dois níveis energéticos para poedeiras leves /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104155.
Full textCoorientador: Denise Rangel da Silva Sartori
Banca: Antonio Celso Pezzato
Banca: Vitor Barbosa Fascina
Banca: Maria de Lordes Mendes Vicentini Paulino
Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque
Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação do cromo e dois níveis de energia sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos de poedeiras leves. Foram utilizadas 192 poedeiras da linhagem Bovans com 47 semanas de idade. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2, com quatro níveis de suplementação de cromo (0, 200, 400 e 800 μg Cr/kg) e dois níveis energéticos (2.780 e 2.900 kcal EM/kg de ração). Cada tratamento continha seis repetições de quatro aves cada. O cromo utilizado foi o derivado de levedura. O experimento teve a duração de 112 dias, divididos em 4 períodos de 28 dias. Os parâmetros de desempenho não foram influenciados pelos níveis de cromo e de energia da dieta. Houve aumento linear no percentual de gema com o aumento da suplementação de cromo em dietas contendo 2.780 kcal/kg. As aves alimentadas com dietas contendo 2.780 kcal de EM/kg e isentas de suplementação de cromo, apresentaram redução no percentual de gema. Quando as aves foram suplementadas com 800 μg Cr/kg de dieta, foi observada uma maior deposição de gema. A suplementação de 800 μg Cr/kg na dieta com 2.780 kcal EM/kg provocou aumento no percentual de gema sem afetar o desempenho das poedeiras
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the performance and egg quality in laying hens receiving diets supplemented with crescent levels of Chromium yeast and two different dietary energy levels. One hundred and ninety-two 47-week-old Bovans laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design with 4x2 factorial arrangement: 4 levels of chromium yeast supplementation (0, 200, 400, 800 μg/kg feed) and two energy levels (2,780 and 2,900 kcal ME / kg of feed). Each treatment consisted of 6 replications of 4 birds each. The experiment lasted 112 days (four 28-day periods). The following performance parameters were evaluated: feed intake, egg weight, egg production, percentage of whole eggs, egg mass, feed: gain ratio (kg feed/dozen eggs and kg feed/kg eggs). The egg quality was accessed through the weight of total egg, shell, yolk and albumen and their proportions, Haugh unit, the specific gravity, and the shell thickness. The performance parameters were not influenced by the levels of chromium and dietary energy. There was a linear increase in the percentage of yolk with increasing chromium supplementation in diets containing 2.780kcal/kg. Laying hens fed with diets containing 2.780kcal/kg ME and without chromium supplementation showed reduced percentage of yolk. When birds were supplemented with 800 mg Cr / kg diet a greater deposition of yolk was observed. Dietary supplementation of 800 mg Cr / kg with 2.780kcal of ME/kg induced an increase in the percentage of yolk without affecting performance of laying hens
Doutor
Costa, Washington Luiz Gomes. "Análise espacial e temporal da expressão de genes relacionados ao metabolismo de lipídios em sementes de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18869.
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The depletion of non-renewable energy such as oil, coal and natural gas, has stimulated the search for alternative sources of energy generation. In this context, physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) has received special attention from researchers due to the presence of large amounts of oil in its seeds that can be converted into biodiesel. The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of genes related to lipid metabolism during the development and germination of physic nut seeds. To accurately quantify the levels of gene expression by RT-qPCR, a selection of nine candidates for reference genes was performed. Our results showed that the GAPDH, UCP, ACT11, PP2A2 and CICLOF were the most stable genes during the development of the seeds. In germinating seeds, EF1-α, PP2A2, GAPDH, PUB3 and ACT11 were considered the most stable genes. To validate our findings with reference genes, we used the expression profile of the gene encoding the oleosin protein in which that was similar to those observed in the literature evaluated, indicating that they were suitable reference genes for data normalization by RT-qPCR. After obtaining these data, we performed a gene expression study by RT-qPCR of 20 genes involved in lipid metabolism. Our results revealed that the oleosin, β-ketoacyl-ACP Synthase I and II, thioesterase A and triacylglycerol lipase I genes, as well as other genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, achieved high expression levels in developing seeds. Acyl-CoA synthetase, thiolase and triacylglycerol lipase II, genes related to the degradation of lipids, showed high transcript levels in germinating seeds. The data obtained in this study contribute to the understanding of the metabolic pathways studied, providing subsidies for production of improved varieties of physic nut via genetic engineering.
O esgotamento das reservas de energia não-renovável, como petróleo, carvão e gás natural, têm estimulado a busca por fontes alternativas geradoras de energia. Neste contexto, o pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) tem recebido especial atenção por parte dos pesquisadores, devido à presença de grande quantidade de óleo em suas sementes, que pode ser convertida em biodiesel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o comportamento de genes relacionados ao metabolismo de lipídios durante os processos de desenvolvimento e germinação da semente de pinhão manso. Para quantificar com exatidão os níveis de expressão gênica por RT-qPCR foi feita uma seleção entre nove candidatos a genes de referência. Nossos resultados mostraram que na análise de sementes em desenvolvimento, os genes GAPDH, UCP, ACT11, PP2A2 e CICLOF foram os mais estáveis. Para as sementes em germinação, os genes considerados mais estáveis foram EF1-α, PP2A2, GAPDH, PUB3 e ACT11. Para validar nossos resultados com genes de referência, foi utilizado o padrão de expressão do gene que codifica a proteína oleosina no qual foi observado que o mesmo foi similar aos observados em artigos científicos pesquisados, indicando que os genes de referência estavam apropriados para normalização dos dados de RT-qPCR. Após obtenção desses dados, efetuou-se um estudo da expressão por RT-qPCR de 20 genes envolvidos com o metabolismo de lipídios. Nossos resultados revelaram que os genes oleosina, β-cetoacil-ACP Sintase I e II, tioesterase A e triacilglicerol lipase I, bem como outros genes envolvidos na biossíntese de lipídios, alcançaram altos níveis de expressão no desenvolvimento da semente. Os genes acil-CoA sintetase, tiolase e triacilglicerol lipase II, relacionados com a degradação de lipídios apresentaram altos níveis de transcritos na germinação da semente. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho contribuem para o entendimento das vias metabólicas estudadas, fornecendo subsídios para a produção, via engenharia genética, de variedades melhoradas do pinhão manso.
Silva, Danielle Cristina Tomaz da [UNESP]. "Influência da atividade das mataloproteinases 2 e 9 na diminuiçao o colágeno tipo I miocárdico em ratos obesos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108590.
Full textA obesidade, doença crônica metabólica caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de tecido adiposo em relação à massa magra tecidual, é considerada uma epidemia global e um importante problema de saúde pública, que afeta tanto países desenvolvidos quanto subdesenvolvidos. O adipócito recebe influência de diversas substâncias e secreta inúmeros peptídeos, como leptina, angiotensina I e II, TGF-β, entre outros, que atuam diretamente ou indiretamente no sistema cardiovascular. Assim, o tecido adiposo não é simplesmente um reservatório de energia, mas um ativo órgão endócrino, parácrino e autócrino com múltiplas funções, capaz de sintetizar e liberar mediadores que participam de diversos processos biológicos, incluindo os que ocorrem no coração. O coração é composto por miócitos, nervos, vasos e matriz extracelular. O principal componente da matriz é o colágeno, com predomínio dos tipos I e III, sendo que, o tipo I é o mais abundante, correspondendo á aproximadamente 80% do colágeno total miocárdico. O colágeno é produzido, principalmente, pelos fibroblastos e degradado pelas metaloproteinases (MMPs). O colágeno, em situação estável, contribui para a manutenção da arquitetura e função cardíaca; entretanto, em resposta a estímulos desencadeados por agentes neuro-hormonais e/ou mecânicos, pode sofrer alterações; esta mudança pode ser resultante do aumento da síntese e/ou diminuição da degradação ou vice-versa. Em pesquisa recente realizada em nosso laboratório foi encontrado diminuição dos níveis protéicos de colágeno tipo I miocárdico em ratos Wistar obesos, por dieta hiperlipídica insaturada por 30 semanas, em relação ao grupo controle. Em razão, dos resultados encontrados em nosso laboratório e da literatura mostrar que a leptina aumenta a atividade das MMP-2 e a síntese da expressão gênica da MMP-9, a proposta deste estudo foi testar a hipótese ...
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation in relation to lean tissue. Currently, it is a global epidemic and a major public health problem that affects both developed as well as undeveloped countries. The adipocyte receives influence of several substances and secretes numerous peptides, such as leptin, angiotensin I and II, TGF-β, among others, that act directly or indirectly on the cardiovascular system. Thus, adipose tissue is not simply an energy reservoir, but an active endocrine, paracrine and autocrine organ with multiple functions, able to synthesize and release mediators that participate in many biological processes, including those that occur in the heart. The heart is composed of myocytes, nerves, vessels and extracellular matrix. The main component of matrix is collagen, predominantly type I and III, being type I the most abundant, corresponding to approximately 80% of total myocardial collagen. Collagen is mainly produced by fibroblasts and degraded by metalloproteinases (MMPs). Collagen, in a stable condition, contributes to the maintenance of cardiac architecture and function, however, in response to stimuli triggered by neuro-hormonal and/or mechanical agents, it may change, and this change can be due to increased synthesis and/or decreased degradation, or vice versa. In recent research conducted in our laboratory, we found decreased protein levels of myocardial type I collagen in obese Wistar rats by unsaturated high-fat diet for 30 weeks. Due to the results found in our laboratory and because the literature shows that leptin increases MMP-2 activity and MMP-9 gene expression, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the reduction of myocardial type I collagen is associated with increased MMPs 2 and 9 activities in obese rats by unsaturated high-fat diet. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into to two groups: control ...
Silva, Gabriela Venturini da. "Identificaçãção de marcadores proteicos de alto e baixo shear stress." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-01112018-095439/.
Full textCardiovascular diseases are the main cause of the mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerotic plaque development is closely associated to the hemodynamic forces applied to endothelial cells (EC). Among these, shear stress (SS) plays a key role in disease development since changes in flow intensity and direction could stimulate an atheroprone or atheroprotective phenotype. EC under low and/or oscillatory SS (LSS) have upregulation of inflammatory proteins, adhesion and cellular permeability molecules. On the contrary, cells under high/laminar SS (HSS) increase their expression of protective and anti-inflammatory factors. The mechanism behind the SS regulating an atheroprotective phenotype is not completely elucidated. Here we used proteomics and metabolomics to better understand the changes suffered by endothelial cells under LSS and HSS that promote the atheroprone and atheroprotective profile and how these modifications can be connected to atherosclerosis development. Our data showed that lipid metabolism and post translational modification protein metabolism were downregulated in cells under LSS. About lipid metabolism, we found the LDLR, one important protein in cholesterol homeostasis, showed significant alterations both at the quantitative expression level, as well as regarding post-translational modifications. Under LSS, LDLR was seem at lower concentrations and with a different glycosylation profile. Finally, modulating LDLR with atorvastatin led to the recapitulation of an HSS metabolic phenotype in EC under LSS. The phenotype was recovery based on increasing of amino acids, lipids, sugars and carboxylic acids. Altogether, our data suggest lipid metabolism is important in atheroprotective phenotype of endothelial cells under HSS. Statins showed benefits not only systemic, decreasing cholesterol level in blood, but also in vascular environment, contributing for protector phenotype of endothelial cells
Oliveira, Hugo Razini. "Perfil glicêmico e lipídico em recém-nascidos e suas correlações com as condições clínicas e metabólicas maternas." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3217.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The aim of this study was to characterize the glycemic and lipid homeostasis of full term newborns at birth and at six months and to establish the correlation of these variables with the neonatal growth markers and the maternal clinical and metabolic conditions. Quantitative, descriptive and observational research. Data collection took place in two moments, at birth, in which maternal and newborn data were obtained in the maternity and six months of life, only the newborn, during a consultation at the Outpatient Clinic at the University Hospital Of Western Paraná - HUOP. In order to establish the socio-demographic family profile and the clinical data related to gestation and delivery, we used data from the patient's charts. For blood tests (Glucose, Insulin, Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides) during hospitalization, at the time of birth, laboratory tests were obtained from the blood of the material from the institution's laboratory. In the second stage, in the outpatient evaluation, a newborn blood sample was obtained after a new authorization was requested from the family. Data analysis was descriptive and inferential statistics. The characteristics found are in agreement with the literature regarding the standards for evaluation of gestational age and anthropometric parameters. The glycemic profile for the newborn at birth and at six months was 64.19 ± 19.24 mg/dL and 79.31 ± 9.79 mg/dL. Insulin was 2.08 ± 1.85 μUI/dL at 4.51 ± 3.79 μUI/dL. Cholesterol was 85.89 ± 22.17 mg/dL and 141.11 ± 26.49 and the triglycerides were 127.19 ± 51.29 mg/dL and 132.02 ± 48.98 mg/dL. In the classification of maternal similarities only the body mass index of the newborns at birth had a significant difference and at 6 months the Weight/Age Z Score (p < 0.05). Total newborn cholesterol had desirable values regardless of the selected Class. Triglycerides present values above those desirable for Class 1 and Class 2, according to the new Brazilian Consensus. For the newborn, only body mass index and triglycerides presented similar means at both moments. Most of the variables did not present statistical significance between the binomial mothers/newborns, but it was possible to observe that the biochemical dosages of the newborns are influenced by the same maternal dosages (p < 0.10). The newborns' growth scores are influenced by the anthropometric variables observed in the mothers (p < 0.05). The glycemic characterization was in agreement with the expected parameters. In the lipid, it occurs only to the total cholesterol, because the triglycerides were higher than expected.
Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil plasmático glicêmico e lipídico de recém-nascidos a termo ao nascimento e aos seis meses e estabelecer a correlação destas variáveis com os marcadores de crescimento dos recém-nascidos e as condições clínicas e metabólicas maternas. Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e observacional. A coleta de dados ocorreu em dois momentos, ao nascimento, em que se obtiveram os dados maternos e dos recém-nascidos, no setor de maternidade e aos seis meses de vida, somente dos recém-nascidos, durante consulta no Ambulatório de Seguimento do recém-nascido, no Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná – HUOP. Para estabelecer o perfil sóciodemográfico familiar e os dados clínicos relativos à gestação e ao parto, utilizaram-se dados dos prontuários dos pacientes. Para os exames sanguíneos (Glicose, Insulina, Colesterol Total e Triglicerídeo) na hospitalização, por ocasião do nascimento, obtiveram-se as análises laboratoriais a partir do sangue de descarte de material do laboratório da instituição. Na segunda etapa, na avaliação ambulatorial, obteve-se amostra de sangue do recém-nascido após nova autorização solicitada à família. A análise de dados foi estatística descritiva e inferencial. As características encontradas estão em conformidade com a literatura em relação aos padrões para avaliação da idade gestacional e os parâmetros antropométricos. O perfil glicêmico para o recém-nascido, encontrado ao nascimento e aos seis meses, foi de 64,19 ± 19,24 mg/dL e de 79,31 ± 9,79 mg/dL. A insulina de 2,08 ± 1,85 μUI/dL a 4,51 ± 3,79 μUI/dL. O colesterol de 85,89 ± 22,17 mg/dL e de 141,11 ± 26,49 e os triglicerídeos de 127,19 ± 51,29 mg/dL e de 132,02 ± 48,98 mg/dL. Na classificação das similaridades maternas, o índice de massa corporal dos recém-nascidos ao nascimento teve diferença significativa e aos seis meses o Escore Z Peso/Idade (p < 0,05). O colesterol total dos recém-nascidos teve valores desejáveis independente da Classe selecionada. Já os triglicerídeos apresentam valores acima dos desejáveis para a Classe 1 e Classe 2, conforme o novo Consenso Brasileiro. Para o recém-nascido apenas o índice de massa corporal e os triglicerídeos apresentaram médias semelhantes nos dois momentos. Entre as variáveis analisadas foi possível observar que as dosagens bioquímicas dos recém-nascidos sofrem influências das mesmas dosagens maternas (p < 0,10). Os escores de crescimento dos recém-nascidos sofrem influências das variáveis antropométricas observadas nas mães (p < 0,05). A caracterização glicêmica e o colesterol total dos recém-nascidos estiveram de acordo com os parâmetros esperados, o que não aconteceu com os triglicerídeos que apresentaram parâmetros acima dos valores desejáveis para esta faixa etária
Silva, Danielle Cristina Tomaz da. "Influência da atividade das mataloproteinases 2 e 9 na diminuiçao o colágeno tipo I miocárdico em ratos obesos /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108590.
Full textBanca: Marcos Ferreira Minicucci
Banca: André Soares Leopoldo
Resumo: A obesidade, doença crônica metabólica caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de tecido adiposo em relação à massa magra tecidual, é considerada uma epidemia global e um importante problema de saúde pública, que afeta tanto países desenvolvidos quanto subdesenvolvidos. O adipócito recebe influência de diversas substâncias e secreta inúmeros peptídeos, como leptina, angiotensina I e II, TGF-β, entre outros, que atuam diretamente ou indiretamente no sistema cardiovascular. Assim, o tecido adiposo não é simplesmente um reservatório de energia, mas um ativo órgão endócrino, parácrino e autócrino com múltiplas funções, capaz de sintetizar e liberar mediadores que participam de diversos processos biológicos, incluindo os que ocorrem no coração. O coração é composto por miócitos, nervos, vasos e matriz extracelular. O principal componente da matriz é o colágeno, com predomínio dos tipos I e III, sendo que, o tipo I é o mais abundante, correspondendo á aproximadamente 80% do colágeno total miocárdico. O colágeno é produzido, principalmente, pelos fibroblastos e degradado pelas metaloproteinases (MMPs). O colágeno, em situação estável, contribui para a manutenção da arquitetura e função cardíaca; entretanto, em resposta a estímulos desencadeados por agentes neuro-hormonais e/ou mecânicos, pode sofrer alterações; esta mudança pode ser resultante do aumento da síntese e/ou diminuição da degradação ou vice-versa. Em pesquisa recente realizada em nosso laboratório foi encontrado diminuição dos níveis protéicos de colágeno tipo I miocárdico em ratos Wistar obesos, por dieta hiperlipídica insaturada por 30 semanas, em relação ao grupo controle. Em razão, dos resultados encontrados em nosso laboratório e da literatura mostrar que a leptina aumenta a atividade das MMP-2 e a síntese da expressão gênica da MMP-9, a proposta deste estudo foi testar a hipótese ...
Abstract: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation in relation to lean tissue. Currently, it is a global epidemic and a major public health problem that affects both developed as well as undeveloped countries. The adipocyte receives influence of several substances and secretes numerous peptides, such as leptin, angiotensin I and II, TGF-β, among others, that act directly or indirectly on the cardiovascular system. Thus, adipose tissue is not simply an energy reservoir, but an active endocrine, paracrine and autocrine organ with multiple functions, able to synthesize and release mediators that participate in many biological processes, including those that occur in the heart. The heart is composed of myocytes, nerves, vessels and extracellular matrix. The main component of matrix is collagen, predominantly type I and III, being type I the most abundant, corresponding to approximately 80% of total myocardial collagen. Collagen is mainly produced by fibroblasts and degraded by metalloproteinases (MMPs). Collagen, in a stable condition, contributes to the maintenance of cardiac architecture and function, however, in response to stimuli triggered by neuro-hormonal and/or mechanical agents, it may change, and this change can be due to increased synthesis and/or decreased degradation, or vice versa. In recent research conducted in our laboratory, we found decreased protein levels of myocardial type I collagen in obese Wistar rats by unsaturated high-fat diet for 30 weeks. Due to the results found in our laboratory and because the literature shows that leptin increases MMP-2 activity and MMP-9 gene expression, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the reduction of myocardial type I collagen is associated with increased MMPs 2 and 9 activities in obese rats by unsaturated high-fat diet. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into to two groups: control ...
Mestre
Chitto, Ana Lucia Fernandes. "Estudo do metabolismo de carboidratos e de lipídios em tecidos de caranguejos Chasmagnathus granulatus (Dana, 1851) submetidos ao estresse osmótico : inverno e verão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4991.
Full textCorrea, Lisia Bertonha. "Efeitos de diferentes fontes e níveis de cobre no desempenho, \"status\" de Cu, fermentação ruminal, metabolismo e oxidação de lipídios em bovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-29092010-142724/.
Full textCopper is associated with lipid metabolism, becoming very important in reducing cholesterol, and with oxidative stability of meat, because it is part of some antioxidant enzymes. However, when in the ionic form, is considered a pro-oxidant element. The organic copper did not exhibit this effect and, besides, presents higher bioavailability than inorganic sources. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the supplementation effect of two levels and two sources of copper (inorganic and organic) on the performance, Cu concentration in liver, muscle and blood, ruminal fermentation, oxidative parameters and metabolism of lipids and cholesterol. Thirty-five Nellore cattle in the finishing phase were divided into 5 groups with 7 animals per treatment, as described: 1) C: control diet, without additional Cu supplementation; 2) I10: 10mg Cu/kg DM, as Cu sulfate; 3) I40: 40mg Cu/kg DM, as Cu sulfate; 4) O10: 10mg Cu/kg DM, as Cu proteinate; 5) O40: 40mg Cu/kg DM, as Cu proteinate. Supplementation with copper provided higher Cu concentration and accumulation in the liver (p<0.05), with the highest mean observed for the O40 treatment, nevertheless the Cu status in muscle and serum were not affected by treatments. The highest activity of ceruloplasmin (p<0.05) was observed for the I40 treatment. There was no significant effect (p>0.05) for daily weight gain, dry matter intake, feed efficiency, hot and cold carcass yield, cold loss, backfat and loin eye area of cattle, among control treatment and supplementation with inorganic or organic copper. Ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia were not influenced (p>0.05) by treatments. In general, copper supplementation altered the meat fatty acid profile (p<0.05), with an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids over saturated fatty acids. There was no treatment effect for TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in liver and meat vacuum packed (p>0.05), but there was a reduction in TBARS values in meat from cattle supplemented with Cu for samples prepared on Display Life (treatment I40 and O40, p=0.06), and modified atmosphere (treatment I10, I40, O10 and O40, p <0.05), compared to the control treatment. Supplementation with Cu (treatment I40 and O40) increased the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) (p<0.05) compared to control treatment, but did not influence the activity of GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) (p>0.05). There was no effect of supplementation on triglycerides and cholesterol in blood, however, there was a reduction in cholesterol concentration in L. dorsi muscle (p<0.05) compared to the control treatment, by reducing (p<0.05) of GSH concentrations and the GSH/GSSG ratio.
Ferreira, Patricia Almeida. "Avaliação do metabolismo de carboidratos e lipídios de modelo murino submetido à dieta hiperlipídica e tratado com o extrato aquoso de LCEA205." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3279.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS
A obesidade pode desencadear a diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e dislipidemias, sendo estas doenças silenciosas e a utilização de fitoterápicos é uma alternativa como tratamento e/ou adjuvante. Este estudo objetivou analisar a composição da dieta AIN -93Manutenção, sua interferência no peso e glicemia dos camundongos Swiss/WB; avaliar o metabolismo e estresse oxidativo de modelos biológicos com diabetes mellitus tipo II tratados com o extrato aquoso do LCEA205 em diferentes concentrações; verificar a toxicidade do extrato aquoso de LCEA205 em modelo ex vivo . Foram realizadas a bromatologia da dieta normocalórica e hiperlipídica ofertada a camundongos Swiss, por 120 dias, e foi avaliado o peso e a glicemia. A atuação do extrato aquoso de LCEA205 nos metabólitos hepáticos e renais, colesterol, triglicerídeos, cálcio, albumina e na concentração da paraoxanase PON1 foi realizada em camundongos que receberam dieta hiperlipídica por 60 dias e, após, iniciaram-se os tratamentos. A avaliação da toxicidade do extrato aquoso de LCEA205 100% foi realizada em modelo ex vivo, considerando os parâmetros de retenção da fluoresceína, opacidade e inchaço da córnea. A dieta normocalórica elaborada de acordo com o AIN-93M eleva o peso e a glicemia dos animais experimentais, provavelmente por conter maiores quantidades de carboidratos e menores de proteína que o alimento comercial. O extrato aquoso de LCEA205 atua na diminuição da glicemia e consequente resistência a insulina, normalização do colesterol e triglicerídeos circulantes, oferta cálcio para o organismo e torna o balanço oxidativo favorável ao organismo dos modelos biológicos. Não apresenta toxicidade nas doses utilizadas, tornando o extrato aquoso uma importante ferramenta a ser utilizada no tratamento da obesidade, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e dislipidemias, doenças que afetam bilhões de pessoas e animais pelo mundo. Nas condições deste estudo, podemos concluir que o extrato aquoso de LCEA205 não apresentou grau de irritação nos testes de retenção da fluoresceína, da opacidade da córnea e inchaço da córnea. Em uma área cujo tema gera discussões, como a experimentação animal, a alternativa de usar o globo ocular de animais destinados ao consumo alimentar impede que testes agressivos sejam realizados em modelos biológicos e, ainda sim, trazem excelentes resultados a comunidade científica.
Obesity can trigger type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemias...
Rebouças, Deborah Moura. "Estudo do metabolismo de lipídios de membrana e da expressão dos genes relacionados em cultivares de Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp sob estresses abióticos combinados (seca/ozônio)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19435.
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Global climate changes are responsible for the increased frequency of episodes of drought and high concentrations of tropospheric ozone, which can occur simultaneously reducing plant growth, limiting agricultural production and affecting the food supply for an increasing world population. These environmental stresses can lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, promoting oxidative stress and causing metabolic imbalance. Cell membranes are the primary targets of damage induced by stresses and the preservation of cell integrity through remodeling of membrane lipids is essential for plant survival under adverse conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought, ozone and the combined stresses in two cowpea cultivars with different degrees of drought tolerance: EPACE-1 (tolerant) and IT83-D (susceptible) through physiological responses and a study focused on the content and composition of membrane lipids, as well as on the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis and degradation of these lipids. Drought and ozone (120 ppb), isolated or in combination, were applied on three-week-old seedlings during two weeks. After 7 and 14 days of treatments, physiological parameters were determined. Lipids extracted from leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Transcript accumulation (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 and VuPAT1) was detected in leaves by real time PCR. In both cultivars, drought inhibited the plant growth and photosynthesis through stomatal closure, which appeared to involve the gene expression of phospholipase D (VuPLD1). Ozone caused foliar injury and degradation of galactolipids, mainly in IT83-D. In this cultivar, the damage resulted in an increase in DGDG:MGDG ratio and in VuDGD2 expression. Furthermore, a partial decrease in the phospholipids content in response to ozone was associated with an increase in VuPLD1 expression, suggesting a replacement of phospholipids by DGDG. Differently, EPACE-1 cultivar in the presence of ozone, concomitantly with the degradation of galactolipids, showed an increase in storage lipids and DPG (cardiolipin) contents. The two stresses in combination led to results similar to those observed in response to the drought treatment alone, in both cultivars, which likely reflected the severe restriction of ozone uptake resulting from drought-induced stomatal closure. In conclusion, the present results highlight the prominent role of membrane lipids in the metabolic adjustments that occur for the plant tolerance to drought and ozone.
As mudanças climáticas globais são responsáveis pelo aumento da frequência de episódios de seca e de elevadas concentrações de ozônio troposférico, que podem ocorrer simultaneamente, reduzindo o crescimento das plantas, limitando a produção agrícola e afetando o suprimento de alimentos para a crescente população mundial. Esses estresses ambientais podem levar à superprodução de espécies reativas de oxigênio, promovendo o estresse oxidativo e causando desequilíbrio metabólico. As membranas celulares são os primeiros alvos de danos induzidos por estresses e a preservação da integridade celular através da remodelação dos lipídios de membrana é essencial para a sobrevivência da planta sob condições adversas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da seca, do ozônio e dos estresses combinados em dois cultivares de feijão-de-corda dotados de diferentes graus de tolerância à seca: EPACE-1 (tolerante) e IT83-D (sensível) através de respostas fisiológicas e de um estudo focado no teor e na composição de lipídios de membrana, assim como na expressão de genes relacionados à biossíntese e à degradação desses lipídios. A seca e o ozônio (120 ppb), isolados ou combinados, foram aplicados nas plantas após três semanas de germinação, durante duas semanas. Após 7 e 14 dias de tratamentos, parâmetros fisiológicos foram determinados. Os lipídios extraídos de folhas foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa. O acúmulo de transcritos (VuMGD1, VuMGD2, VuDGD1, VuDGD2, VuCLS, VuFAD7, VuFAD8, VuPLD1 e VuPAT1) foi detectado em folhas por PCR em tempo real. Em ambos os cultivares, a seca inibiu o crescimento e a fotossíntese através do fechamento estomático, o que pareceu envolver a expressão gênica da fosfolipase D (VuPLD1). O ozônio causou injúria foliar e degradação de galactolipídios, principalmente em IT83-D. Neste cultivar, os danos implicaram no aumento da relação DGDG:MGDG e da expressão de VuDGD2. Além disso, uma diminuição parcial no teor de fosfolipídios em resposta ao ozônio foi associada ao aumento da expressão de VuPLD1, sugerindo-se uma substituição de fosfolipídios por DGDG. Diferentemente, o cultivar EPACE-1 em presença de ozônio, concomitantemente com a degradação de galactolipídios, mostrou um aumento nos teores de lipídios de reserva e de DPG (cardiolipina). A combinação dos estresses levou a resultados semelhantes aos encontrados com a seca aplicada isoladamente, em ambos os cultivares, o que provavelmente reflete a forte restrição da absorção de ozônio devido ao fechamento dos estômatos induzido pela seca. Em conclusão, os presentes resultados ressaltam o proeminente papel dos lipídios de membrana nos processos de ajustamento metabólico que ocorrem para regular a tolerância das plantas à seca e ao ozônio.
Rodrigues, Hosana Gomes [UNESP]. "Modulação dos parâmetros nutricionais, morfométricos, bioquímicos séricos e cardíacos, pela saponina, em ratos alimentados com dietas ricas em lipídios, colesterol e sacarose." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88149.
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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar os efeitos da administração de saponina em ratos alimentados com dietas de diferentes proporções de lipídios, colesterol e sacarose sobre parâmetros morfométricos e nutricionais. Para tanto, 36 ratos, Wistar, 240g, foram divididos em 6 grupos com 6 ratos cada. O grupo P foi considerado controle recebendo dieta padrão. O grupo L recebeu dieta padrão acrescida de óleo de soja, colesterol e ácido cólico. O grupo S recebeu dieta padrão enriquecida com sacarose e óleo de soja. O grupo FP recebeu dieta padrão e saponina (4g/L) na água de beber. Animais do grupo FL receberam a mesma dieta do grupo L e saponina (4g/L) na água. O grupo FS recebeu a mesma dieta do grupo S e saponina (4g/L) na água. O experimento teve duração de 35 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que as dietas não elevaram o peso corporal, porém induziram alterações nos parâmetros nutricionais como eficiência alimentar e ingestão de líquidos. A administração de saponina induziu elevação no ganho de peso por aumentar a eficiência alimentar.
Not available.
Leite, Laudi Cunha. "Perfil de ácidos graxos do leite e metabolismo de lipídios no rúmen de vacas recebendo dietas com alto ou baixo teor de concentrado e óleo de soja ou de peixe." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-27022007-141342/.
Full textThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of concentrate level and oil source on dry matter intake, milk production and composition, apparent ruminal and total tract digestibilities, omasal and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cows. Four Holstein cows, fitted with rumen cannula, averaging 109 ± days in milk, producing 31.24 ± 8.57 kg milk per day and live weight 652 ± 37 kg, at start of the trial, were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments applied to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The length of periods was 21 days, including 14 days of adjustment to the experimental diets followed by seven days of sampling. The treatments were 4 different diets (total mixed ration) containing maize silage supplemented with low (40%) or high (60%) levels of concentrate and 2% of soybean oil or fish oil on a dry matter (DM) basis. It was found that the level of concentrate and oil source interaction had no effect on almost all the variables. Dry matter intake (18.77 x 14.16 kg/d, respectively for soybean oil and fish oil ? all data is in the same order), milk yield (28.72 x 24.34 kg/day), fat yield (0.796 x 0.562 kg/day), protein yield (0.806 x 0.630 kg/day), total solids yield (2.995 x 2.411 kg/day), fat percentage (2.81 x 2.34%) and protein percentage (2.82 x 2.59%) decreased when fish oil was present. Fish oil increased unsaturated fatty acids (FA) (30.12 x 35.56%) and polyunsaturated FA (4.43 x 5.85%), and decreased saturated FA (69.66 x 60.05%) in milk, when compared to soybean oil. Fish oil decreased C18:0 level in milk (18.90 x 6.82%) and omasum (52.35 x 15.81%) and increased trans-11 C18:1 level in milk (2.84 x 9.75%) and omasum (6.72 x 18.42%). cis-19, trans-11 CLA level (0.61 x 1.41%) was increased in milk for fish oil diet, but did not in omasum. C20:5 and C22:6 levels were increased in milk and omasum for fish oil diet. trans-10, cis-12 CLA had no oil effect (P=0.61) in milk, but it was higher in omasum for soybean oil diet (0.09 x 0.02%). Fish oil decreased nutrients intake and omasal flow, increased apparent ruminal and total tract digestibilities, decreased milk production, changed milk composition and fatty acids profile in milk and omasum.
Leão, Beatriz Caetano da Silva. "Adição de ácido linolênico e L-carnitina na maturação oocitária : efeitos sobre o metabolismo celular, potencial de desenvolvimento e criotolerância de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/135857.
Full textBanca: Gilson Hélio Toniollo
Banca: Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano
Banca: Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira
Banca: Felipe Perecin
Resumo: Com o intuito de aperfeiçoar os resultados da criopreservação de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro (PIV), este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo principal de avaliar o impacto da suplementação do meio de maturação in vitro (MIV) com ácido linolênico (ALA), associado ou não à L-carnitina (L-car), sobre a maturação e qualidade do oócito, especialmente no que se refere ao metabolismo lipídico, e sobre o desenvolvimento e resistência à criopreservação dos embriões produzidos. Para tanto, em uma primeira etapa (Experimentos I e II) foram realizados experimentos de dose-resposta para determinar as concentrações ideais de ALA (0, 10, 50 ou 100 µM) e L-car (0, 1, 5 ou 10 mM) a serem adicionadas ao meio de MIV, suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino (SFB) ou 0,6% de albumina sérica bovina (BSA). Foram avaliados os efeitos do ALA e L-car sobre a maturação nuclear e citoplasmática (avaliação mitocondrial, acúmulo lipídico intracelular e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio intracelulares (ROS) em oócitos bovinos) e o subsequente desenvolvimento embrionário. No Experimento I, a adição de 100 µM de ALA em meio de MIV suplementado com SFB resultou em redução (P<0,05) do acúmulo lipídico citoplasmático e do acúmulo intracelular de ROS, assim como aumento (P<0,05) do potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PMM), em relação às demais concentrações de ALA. No entanto, nenhum desses efeitos prejudicou (P>0,05) a maturação oocitária e o subsequente potencial de desenvolvimento embrionário. No Experimento II, a suplementação do meio de MIV com L-car resultou em redução (P<0,05) do acúmulo lipídico citoplasmático, na presença de SFB. Somados os efeitos da concentração de 10 mM de L-car na presença de SFB sobre a redução (P<0,05) do PMM e elevação (P<0,05) do conteúdo de ROS e, do efeito negativo (P<0,05) da suplementação do meio de MIV com...
Abstract: In order to improve the results of cryopreservation of bovine in vitro produced (IVP) embryos, this study was conducted with the main objective to assess the impact of in vitro maturation medium (IVM) supplementation with linolenic acid (ALA), associated or not with L-carnitine (L-car), on oocyte maturation and quality, specially regarding to lipid metabolism and on development and cryoresistance of produced embryos. Therefore, in a first step (Experiments I and II) were performed dose-response experiments to determine the optimal concentrations of ALA (0, 10, 50 or 100 μM) and L-car (0, 1, 5 or 10 mM) to be added to IVM medium, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) or 0.6% bovine sérum albumin (BSA). The effects of ALA and L-car on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation [mitochondrial evaluation, intracellular lipid accumulation and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and subsequent embryonic development were evaluated. In Experiment I, the IVM supplementation with 100 mM of ALA in FCS-supplemented medium resulted in reduction (P<0.05) of cytoplasmic lipid and intracellular ROS accumulation, as well as, increased (P<0.05) mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), relative to the other ALA concentrations. However, none of these effects damaged (P<0.05) oocyte maturation and the subsequent embryo development potential. In Experiment II, the IVM medium supplementation with L-car resulted in significant reduction (P<0.05) of cytoplasmic lipid content even in the FCS presence. Combined effects of 10 mM L-car in FCS-supplemented medium on MMP reduction (P<0.05), ROS production increase (P<0.05), and the negative effect (P<0.05) on embryonic development of BSA IVM medium supplementation, we can conclude that concentration of 5 mM L-car in the presence of FCS exceeded the results of the other groups. Based on previous experiments results, in a second step (Experiment III) ...
Doutor
Oliveira, Ketti Gleyzer de. "Níveis de expressão de miR-33a e miR-122 em pacientes cronicamente infectados pelo vírus da Hepatite C genótipos 1 e 3." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-22012016-104146/.
Full textThe prevalence of infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is about 3% of the world population. HCV targets the liver tissue and the majority of infected patients develop chronic infection. In recent years, in vitro studies have demonstrated interactions between miRNA-122 (miR-122) the host cell to two places located in the 5\' untranslated region of the HCV genome which are essential for virus replication process. miR-122 is highly expressed in the liver, which has been implicated as a fatty acid metabolism regulator. Another mine has also been described as a key regulator of lipid metabolism, miRNA-33a (miR-33a), however, the mechanisms involved in this regulation are still little known. It is known that HCV infection changes the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of lipids, resulting in stimulation of the lipid metabolism and creating a favorable environment for replication of the virus. To our knowledge, there are no reports linking the expression of miR-33a with lipid profile in HCV infection. In this context the objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of miR-33a and miR-122 in chronically infected individuals with HCV-1 and HCV-3 in samples obtained prior to initiation of therapy. MiRNAs were isolated from peripheral blood samples and liver tissue. The quantification of relative expression of both miRNAs was by PCR in real time. MiR-33a levels in peripheral blood were higher than in liver tissue in patients infected with HCV-1 (p < 0.0001) and HCV-3 (p=0.0025). Levels in the peripheral blood of miR-33a were lower in patients infected with HCV-3 (p=0.0169). There was an inverse correlation between hepatic levels of miR-33a with serum insulin levels (p=0.005) in individuals infected with HCV-1 and a positive correlation between the levels in the peripheral blood serum levels of GGT (p=0.049). Hepatic levels of miR-122 were higher than the levels in the peripheral blood of individuals infected by HCV-1 and HCV-3 (p < 0.0001). Hepatic miR-122 levels were higher in patients infected with HCV-3 than those infected with HCV-1 (6.22 times, p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between miR-122 levels in the blood and liver tissue of patients infected with HCV-1 (r=0.302, p=0.026). An inverse correlation between serum ApoA-II was observed in these patients the levels of expression of miR-122 in blood (r=-0.330; p =0.014) and liver tissue (r=-0.311; p=0.020). Patients infected with HCV-3 showed a positive correlation between hepatic miR-122 levels to HDL levels (r=0.412, p=0.036) and insulin levels (r=0.478, p=0.044). The miR-33a and miR-122 act by regulating genes that control lipid metabolism in the liver. The different interactions with lipid metabolism exerted by HCV-3 may explain why his relationship with the miR-33a and miR-122 was different when compared with HCV-1
Isotton, Ana Lúcia. "Efeitos do uso de estrógenos orais e transdêmicos sobre IGF-1, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-1, lipídios e metabolismo da glicose em pacientes com hipopituitarismo : um estudo ramdomizado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11362.
Full textTreatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in adult woman with hypopituitarism can include a wide range of estrogen and progestogen treatment alternatives, and oral administration is the route of least cost and greatest patient comfort. The oral estrogen route has a major impact on the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I (GH-IGF-I) axis. Oral estrogen therapy, when given concurrently with GH to patients with hypopituitarism, antagonizes the biological effects of GH treatment and aggravates the abnormalities of body composition and the metabolism in general. It is presumed that oral estrogen suppresses the secretion/production of IGF-1 by a hepatic first-pass mechanism, resulting in increased GH secretion by means of suppressing the IGF-I negative feedback that is present in healthy women. This is manifest clinically in reduced lean body mass, increased fat mass, an atherogenic lipid profile and damage to psychological well-being. Some studies have indicated that progestogens with androgenic actions reverse the effect of reduced serum IGF-1 levels that is induced by the oral estrogens. Neutral progestogens do not exert this effect, however the stronger the androgenic potential, the more the effect of reduced IGF-1 will be reversed. This bibliographical review will deal with the clinical aspects of estrogen and progestogen replacement in women with hypopituitarism, their interactions with other hormone deficiencies and the impact of estrogen treatment on the metabolic actions of GH.
Cantelli, Kathia Regina. "Efeitos da derivação duodeno-jejunal sobre o metabolismo lipídico hepático e morfologia das ilhotas pancreáticas em ratos com obesidade hipotalâmica." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/662.
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Purpose: Herein we evaluated the expression of genes and protein involved with hepatic lipids pathway and investigate whether the improvement on glucose homeostasis is associated with modifications in the islets morphology in HyO rats submitted to duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB). Methods: During the first 5 days of life, male newborn Wistar rats received a subcutaneous injection of monosodium glutamate [4 g/kg body weight (BW), hypothalamic obesity (HyO) group], or saline (CTL group). At 90 days of age, HyO rats were submitted to DJB or sham operations forming HyO DJB and HyO Sham group, respectively. Two months after DJB, serum parameters, expression of genes and protein in the liver and islets morphology were verified. Results: Although DJB operation normalized serum triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration compared to HyO Sham rats, HyO DJB rats did not alter TG liver content as well as, the expression of hepatic genes and protein involved with lipids metabolism. DJB operation normalized insulinemia and insulin resistance and restored β-cell secretion in the presence of 8.3 mM glucose independently of weight loss. In addition, HyO DJB rats presented a reduction in total islets and β-cell area (pancreas area percentage) and in islets cells proliferation (verified by the number of nucleus stained by Ki67 protein - a cellular marker for proliferation). Conclusions: Although DJB not affect liver lipids metabolism in HyO rats two months after surgery, the improvement on glucose homeostasis could be associated with modifications in islets morphology and proliferation.
Objetivo: Avaliar a expressão de genes e proteínas envolvidos com a via lipídica hepática e investigar se a melhoria na homeostase glicêmica está associada a alterações na morfologia das ilhotas em ratos MSG submetidos à derivação duodeno-jejunal (DDJ). Métodos: Durante os primeiros 5 dias de vida, ratos Wistar recém-nascidos receberam injeções subcutâneas de glutamato monossódico [4 g / kg de peso corporal (BW), grupo MSG], ou solução salina (grupo CTL). Aos 90 dias de idade, os animais MSG foram submetidos à DDJ ou a falsa operação, formando os grupos MSG-DDJ e MSG-FO, respectivamente. Dois após a cirurgia, foram avaliados os parâmetros séricos, a expressão de genes e proteínas do fígado e morfologia das ilhotas pancreáticas. Resultados: A cirurgia de DDJ normalizou as concentrações de triglicerídeos séricos (TG) e dos ácidos graxos não-esterificados em comparação aos animais MSG-FO, porém não alterou o conteúdo de TG no fígado, bem como, a expressão de genes e proteínas hepáticas envolvidas com o metabolismo lipídico. Além disso, a DDJ normalizou a insulinemia e a resistência à insulina, e restaurou a secreção de insulina pelas células-β na presença de 8,3 mM de glicose, independentemente da perda de peso. Ainda, ratos MSG-DDJ apresentaram redução nas áreas totais da ilhota e de células β (% área pâncreas) e na proliferação de células da ilhota (verificado pelo número de núcleos corados por Ki67). Conclusões: A cirurgia de DDJ não alterou o metabolismo lipídico no fígado, dois meses após a realização da cirurgia, sendo assim, a melhora na homeostase glicêmica nos animais pode estar associada a alterações na morfologia e proliferação das ilhotas pancreáticas
Hermsdorff, Helen Hermana Miranda. "Influência do perfil de macronutrientes da dieta na leptinemia, no balanço energético e na saciedade." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2005. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8856.
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A composição da dieta parece interferir na leptinemia, no metabolismo energético e na ingestão alimentar exercendo um papel fundamental na regulação do balanço energético. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito de dietas ricas em sacarose (DRS) e em lipídio (DRL) nas concentrações de glicose e leptina séricas em jejum e pós-prandial, na oxidação de carboidrato e de lipídio, na termogênese induzida pela dieta (TID), nas sensações de fome, saciedade e desejo prospectivo ao alimento em mulheres com peso normal e sobrepeso, bem como a interação entre as variáveis estudadas. Foram selecionadas 20 mulheres hígidas, 13 com peso normal (grupo G1) e 7 com sobrepeso (grupo G2). O protocolo de estudo foi baseado nas seguintes determinações: antropometria e composição corporal, glicose e leptina séricas, metabolismo energético, saciedade e palatabilidade das dietas. Os valores de leptina sérica de jejum e pós-prandiais foram maiores em G2, para todas as dietas (p<0,05) e, correlacionaram-se positivamente com as características antropométricas e de composição corporal (p<0,05), ligadas ao estoque de gordura corporal. Apesar de não significante, após o seguimento de DRL, a leptinemia foi bem inferior para o G1. Em uso de DRS, os níveis de glicose após 30 (p<0,01) e 60 (p<0,05) minutos da ingestão da dieta correlacionaram-se positivamente com os níveis de leptina sérica nos períodos pós-prandiais. Estes resultados podem ser explicados pela relação entre glicemia, insulina e seu papel secretagogo de leptina no tecido adiposo. As oxidações médias de carboidrato e lipídio e o gasto energético pós-prandial, entre 60 e 150 minutos após ingestão das dietas testes, foram superiores em G2. A fome e a saciedade apresentaram correlações negativa e positiva, respectivamente, com a área abaixo da curva (AAC) do gasto energético pós-prandial. Estes resultados indicam que, tanto em mulheres com peso normal quanto naquelas com sobrepeso, há interação entre ingestão e gasto energético de modo a manter o balanço energético e a prevenir ganho de peso, embora os mecanismos não estejam bem esclarecidos. A AAC do gasto energético após ingestão da dieta basal (DB) foi superior, comparada a ingestão de DRS, relacionada ao maior poder termogênico da proteína. As TIDs apresentaram correlação positiva com o conteúdo energético, carboidrato e proteína e, negativa com o lipídio ingerido nas dietas DRS e DRL. O carboidrato em si e, associado ao aumento do conteúdo energético da dieta, pode ter maior efeito positivo na TID que o lipídio. A palatabilidade, maior em DRS e DRL em relação a DB, não teve efeito direto na TID cefálica. Entretanto, não a palatabilidade per se, mas a presença dos macronutrientes, refletida pelos maiores ou menores escores de sabor e palatabilidade, parece modular a TID em suas fases cefálica e obrigatória. As sensações de fome, saciedade, cheio e desejo prospectivos aos alimentos apresentaram comportamentos diferenciados entre os grupos, confirmando a existência de maior percepção da fome e menor restrição alimentar entre mulheres com sobrepeso, bem como sua preferência por alimentos ricos em gordura. A palatabilidade da dieta apresentou correlações positiva e negativa com as sensações de fome, saciedade e de cheio (p<0,05) e G1 e G2 tiveram menores escores para fome e maiores para saciedade após DRS, comparados a DB e DRL (p>0,05), o que sugere um efeito inibitório na saciedade pelo lipídio. Quanto menor a leptinemia de jejum, maior a vontade de comer algo doce e algo gorduroso, possivelmente, pelos menores níveis em jejum terem menor efeito anorexígeno. Em suma, o presente estudo confirma a influência do perfil de macronutrientes da dieta e da composição corporal na leptinemia e no balanço energético e sugere alguns dos possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nesta regulação, seja pela dieta ou composição corporal, seja pela interação entre os fatores endócrinos, metabólicos e nutricionais estudados.
The composition of diet seems to interfere on the leptin concentration, energy metabolism, and food intake, so, it plays regulator role in the energy balance. The present study seeks to investigate the effect of high-sucrose (HSD) and high-lipid (HLD) diets on glucose and leptin concentrations in fasting and postprandial, carbohydrate and lipid oxidation and diet induced thermogenesis (DIT), hungry, satiety sensations and prospective food consumption in normal-weight and overweight women, as well as the presence of interaction between the variables studied. Twenty healthy women were selected, 13 normal-weight (G1 group) and 7 overweight (G2 group). The study protocol was based in the follow determinations: anthropometry and body composition, serum glucose and leptin level, energy metabolism, satiety, and diets palatability. The fasting and postprandial leptin values were higher in G2, for all diets (p<0,05) and, correlated positively with anthropometric characteristics and body composition, associated to the body fat storage. Although not significant, after HLD intake, the leptin concentration was lower in G1 group. The glucose concentration after 30 (p<0,01) and 60 (p<0,05) minutes of HSD intake correlated positively with leptin in the postprandial periods. These results might be explained by the relation between glucose concentration, insulin and secretagogue role of leptin in the adipose tissue. The average of carbohydrate and lipid oxidation and the postprandial energy expenditure, between 60 and 150 minutes after test diets intake, were higher in G2. The hungry and satiety showed negative and positive correlations with the area under curve (AUC) of postprandial energy expenditure. These results indicate the interaction between energy ingestion and expenditure to maintain the balance energy and to prevent weight gain, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The AUC of energy expenditure were higher after basal diet (BD), compared to HSD diet, associated to higher thermogenic property of protein. The DIT showed positive correlation with energy content, carbohydrate and protein, and negative with ingested lipid in HSD and HLD diets. The carbohydrate that per se, and, associated to energy content increase might has higher positive effect in the DIT than the lipid. The palatability, higher in HSD and HLD in relation to BD, had no direct effect on cephalic DIT. However, the macronutrient presence, rather than the palatability per se, reflected by the higher and lower taste and palatability scores, seemed to modulate the DIT in its cephalic and obligatory phases. The hungry, satiety and fullness sensations, and food prospective desire showed different behaviour between groups, confirming the existence of higher hungry perception and lower food restriction between overweight women, as well as their high fat preference. The diet palatability showed significant correlations with hungry, satiety and fullness sensations (p<0,05), and G1 and G2 groups had lower hungry and higher satiety score after HSD, compared to basal diet and HLD (p>0,05), what suggest its inhibitory effect on satiety. The lower fasting leptin concentration induced higher desire to eat something sweet and fatty, probably, by the lower leptin concentration has the lower anorexigen effect. Thus, the present study confirms the diet macronutrients profile and body composition influence the leptin concentration and energy balance, and suggests some possible mechanisms involved in this regulation, by diet or body composition or by interaction between endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional factors studied.
Carvalho, Vanessa Cibelle Barboza de. "Efeito do hipotireoidismo gestacional experimental associado à dieta hiperlipídica no metabolismo e no comportamento ingestivo da prole de ratas." Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3975.
Full textO hipotireoidismo gestacional apresenta considerável prevalência e já está devidamente documentado que a carência de hormônios tireoideanos durante a gestação gera repercussão na maturação dos sistemas fisiológicos de controle durante a vida pós-natal. Da mesma forma, inúmeras evidências apontam que o aporte nutricional inadequado durante a vida intrauterina, dependente do hábito alimentar materno, afeta o funcionamento orgânico na vida pós-natal. Assim, acredita-se que quantidade insuficiente dos hormônios tireoideanos durante a vida intrauterina associado ao estado nutricional inadequado das mães durante a gestação pode predispor, de modo particular, ao surgimento de diversas desordens neuroendócrinas, metabólicas e comportamentais ao longo da vida pós-natal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os aspectos metabólicos e o comportamento ingestivo da prole de ratas induzidas ao hipotireoidismo associado à dieta hiperlipídica durante a gestação. A partir do 3º dia de gestação (DG) as ratas prenhas receberam dieta hiperlipídica e, a partir do 9º DG, iniciou-se, também, a indução do hipotireoidismo gestacional experimental (HGE) adicionando metimazol 0,02% na água de beber. Tanto a dieta quanto a indução ao hipotireoidismo foram interrompidos no dia do parto. Nas ratas prenhas foi realizado o acompanhamento da massa corporal e da ingestão alimentar do 3º DG ao 20º DG. Na prole foram avaliados a massa corporal e o comprimento da cauda, semanalmente, do 1º dia pós-natal (DPN) aos 120º DPN e, aos 60 PDN, realizaram-se o teste de tolerância à insulina (TTI), o teste de tolerância à glicose (TTG), dosagens bioquímicas e o peso relativo dos órgãos, em ambos os sexos. Além disso, foram investigados o comportamento ingestivo de ração, água e NaCl 0,3 M somente nos machos da prole aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 DPN. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA de duas ou três vias, e em seguida ao pós-teste de Bonferroni. Os machos da prole de ratas submetidas à associação do hipotireoidismo com a dieta hiperlipídica (PRH + DH) maior hematócrito e maiores concentrações de triglicérides, colesterol e ureia quando comparados aos machos da prole de ratas hipotireoideanas com dieta controle (PRH + DC). As fêmeas da PRH + DH apresentaram maior sensibilidade à glicose, aos 30 minutos, no teste de tolerância à glicose, quando comparadas as fêmeas da PRH + DC (p<0,05) e as fêmeas da prole de ratas eutireoideanas com dieta hiperlipídica (PRE + DH) (p<0,01), entretanto não foram encontradas diferenças, nas fêmeas dos grupos estudados, na glicemia de jejum e no teste de tolerância à insulina. O HGE associado à dieta hiperlipídica, exclusivamente durante a gestação, está associado a déficit no desenvolvimento corporal e dislipidemia na vida pós-natal dos machos dessa prole, enquanto as fêmeas apresentam maior sensibilidade à glicose. Assim, esses dados mostram, pela primeira vez, que a associação do HGE com a dieta hiperlipídica promove alteração no perfil metabólico da prole e demonstra que alterações no ambiente intrauterino pode ser a causa de diversas doenças metabólicas que, atualmente, não apresentam uma causa definida.
Viana, Fabiana Pavan. "Influência de um novo produto fermentado de soja sobre o metabolismo lipídico tecidual em ratos submetidos a uma dieta enriquecida com colesterol." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1255.
Full textIn relation to many types of diets, soybean has been researched as a possible cohelping resource in the treatment of diverse pathologies. Therefore, the objective of this current work was to investigate the manifestation of a new soybean fermented product with added Enteroccocus Faecium and Lactobaccilus Jugurti on the lipid metabolism of male Wistar rats, aged approximately 3 months and weighing between 220-240 grams. They were divided into four experimental groups and treated with different types of diets: Standard diet C; Standard diet associated to the fermented product CPF 1ml/day/rat); Hypercholesterolemic diet associated to the Fermented Product HPF; Hypercholesterolemic diet H. The rats were maintained sedentary throughout the entire experimental period. After 08 weeks of treatment they were slaughtered, separating and weighing the plasma, the white retroperitoneal adipose tissues RET and epididimal EPI, the brown interescapular adipose tissue TAM, gastrocnemic muscle GAST and liver FIG. These were stored in a freezer at -20oC for biochemical and morphological analysis. The results demonstrated that the soybean fermented product diminished body weight gain in rats submitted to the high rate cholesterol diet as well as the standard diet. Most of the evidence proved that the soybean fermented product diminished the lipid synthesis, adipose areas and diameter, increased lipololysis, diminished the fat content (in some situations) and the RET and EPI adipose tissues, mainly when the animals were submitted to a hypercholesterolemic diet. Furthermore, it was observed that this product reduced the fat content, lipid synthesis and FIG weight, even when the animals were submitted to a high rate cholesterol diet. Another effect that was observed of the soybean fermented product was the diminishing of the fat content in GAST. Moreover, when the product was administered in the hypercholesterolemic group, it increased the fat content and reduced the lipid synthesis in TAM in relation to the H group. It can be suggested that administering the soybean fermented product can be a possible co-helper in reducing adiposity, in preventing hepatic esteatosis and in controlling body weight.
Em relação aos vários tipos de dietas utilizadas, a soja tem sido pesquisada como um possível recurso coadjuvante no tratamento de diversas patologias. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a ação de um novo produto fermentado de soja acrescido do Enteroccocus Faecium e do Lactobaccilus Jugurti sobre o metabolismo lipídico em ratos submetidos a uma dieta enriquecida com colesterol. Para isto, ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, com idade aproximada de 3 meses, pesando entre 220-240 gramas, foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais, tratados com diferentes tipos de dieta: Dieta padrão - C; Dieta padrão associada ao produto fermentado - CPF, (1 ml/dia/rato); Dieta Hipercolesterolêmica associada ao Produto Fermentado - HPF; Dieta Hipercolesterolêmica - H. Os ratos foram mantidos sedentários durante todo o período experimental. Após 08 semanas de tratamento foram sacrificados, sendo o plasma, os tecidos adiposos brancos retroperitoneal - RET e epididimal - EPI, o tecido adiposo marrom interescapular - TAM, músculo gastrocnêmio - GAST e o fígado - FIG separados, pesados e estocados em freezer a - 20o C para as análises bioquímicas e morfológicas. Os resultados demonstraram que o produto fermentado de soja diminuiu o ganho de peso corporal em ratos submetidos tanto à dieta com alto teor de colesterol, assim como a dieta padrão. A maioria das evidências demonstraram que o produto fermentado de soja diminuiu a síntese lipídica, área e o diâmetro dos adipócitos, aumentou a lipólise, diminuiu o conteúdo de gordura (em algumas situações) e o peso dos tecidos adiposos RET e EPI, principalmente quando os animais foram submetidos a uma dieta hipercolesterolêmica. Além disso, foi observado que este mesmo produto reduziu o conteúdo de gordura, a síntese lipídica e peso do FIG, mesmo quando os animais foram submetidos a uma dieta com alto teor de colesterol. Outro efeito observado do produto fermentado soja foi à diminuição do conteúdo de gordura no GAST. Ademais o produto quando administrado no grupo hipercolesterolêmico aumentou o conteúdo de gordura e reduziu a síntese lipídica no TAM em relação ao grupo H. Pode-se sugerir que a administração do produto fermentado de soja pode ser um possível coadjuvante na redução da adiposidade, na prevenção da esteatose hepática e no controle de peso corporal.
Temprano, López Ana. "The lipin protein family in human adipocytes: lipid metabolism and obesity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398025.
Full textLas lipinas son una familia de fosfatasas de fosfatidato (PAP1) dependientes de Mg2+ evolutivamente conservadas, que generan diacilglicerol para la síntesis de fosfolípidos y triacilglicerol. En mamíferos, la familia consiste en lipina-1, lipina-2, y lipina-3. Mientras en ratones la mutación del gen Lpin1 causa lipodistrofia, las mutaciones deletéreas en el gen LPIN1 en humanos no afectan a la distribución de grasa. Sin embargo, los individuos con diabetes tipo 2 manifiestan niveles reducidos de expresión de LPIN1 y de actividad PAP1. En esta tesis doctoral se estudia la función de las lipinas en el tejido adiposo humano, la adipogénesis y la lipólisis. Descubrimos que la expresión génica y proteica de las lipinas está alterada en el tejido adiposo de individuos con diabetes tipo 2. La depleción de cada miembro de las lipinas en la línea celular humana de preadipocitos del síndrome Simpson–Golabi–Behmel (SGBS), mostró que, a pesar de que los tres miembros tienen un papel en la adipogénesis temprana, los adipocitos deplecionados de lipinas se diferencian y acumulan lípidos neutros, llevándonos a la hipótesis de la existencia de vías alternativas para la síntesis de triacilglicerol en adipocitos humanos cuando la expresión de las lipinas es reprimida. Las lipinas también intervienen en el reciclaje de los ácidos grasos liberados por la vía lipolítica. Tras la inducción de la lipólisis, las lipinas son defosforiladas y se desplazan a la membrana del retículo endoplásmico, donde ejercen su función. Esta activación es inducida por los ácidos grasos liberados, y revertida con albúmina o triacsin C. La depleción de cada lipina en adipocitos SGBS y posterior inducción de la lipólisis, demuestra su papel en el metabolismo de lípidos neutros. En resumen, las lipinas parecen no tener un papel indispensable en la adipogénesis humana pero sí comprometer el reciclaje de ácidos grasos, importante para la homeostasis lipídica.
Lipins are evolutionarily conserved Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphatases (PAP1) that generate diacylglycerol for phospholipid and triacylglycerol synthesis. In mammals the Lipin family consists of lipin-1, lipin-2 and lipin-3. Whereas mutations in the Lpin1 gene cause lipodystrophy in mouse models, LPIN1 deleterious mutations in humans do not affect fat distribution. However, reduced LPIN1 expression and PAP1 activity have been described in participants with type 2 diabetes. In this doctoral thesis we investigate the roles of all lipin family members in human adipose tissue, adipogenesis and lipolysis. We found that adipose tissue gene and protein expression of the lipin family is altered in type 2 diabetes. Depletion of every lipin family member in a human Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocyte cell line showed that even though all members alter early stages of adipogenesis, lipin-silenced cells differentiate and accumulate neutral lipids, pointing to the hypothesis of alternative pathways for triacylglycerol synthesis under repression of lipin expression. Lipins also have a role in the recycling of the fatty acids released by the lipolytic pathway. They become dephosphorylated upon lipolytic induction, and translocate to their active site, the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This activation is induced by fatty acids and reversed with albumin or triacsin C. Depletion of every lipin member and subsequently stimulation of lipolysis in SGBS adipocytes revealed a role for lipins in neutral lipid metabolism. Overall, our data support that lipins may not have an indispensable role in adipogenesis, but their depletion compromise fatty acid recycling and lipid homeostasis.
Silveira, Lilian Cristina da. "Variação sazonal do metabolismo energético no primeiro ciclo anual de lagartos teiú Tupinambis merianae: correlatos com atividades diárias, adiposidade e proteção antioxidante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-06042016-091433/.
Full textThe tegu lizards hatch during the summer, when they face the challenge of growing and storing substrates during a short time before going into fasting and metabolic depression (≈80% at 17 °C) during winter. The reactivation of metabolism and of blood perfusion during arousal could favor the occurrence of oxidative stress in the tissues. The first part of his study investigated adjustments which potentially conciliate energy demands in neonatal tegus, particularly during pre-hibernation, by video recording of animal behavior and by measuring the mass of fat bodies and levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) during the annual cycle. In the early autumn the body mass of the tegu was 27 g and the rostro−cloacal length was 9.3 cm, which increased 40% and 20%, respectively, while the rates decreased progressively until reach zero in winter. In spring activity body mass increased 80% in relation to values during arousal and duplicated in relation to late summer. The fat bodies mass relative to body mass was 3.7% in early autumn, and decreased during the subsequent months accumulating a mass loss of 63% during arousal. In early autumn, 74% of the tegus were active for 4.7 h and they basked for 2 h daily; during the autumn the number of animals and the time spent in activity decreased until they become totally inactive. In spring 83% of the tegus were active for 7 h and they basked for 4 h daily. Similar seasonal pattern was observed in the locomotory and feeding activities. In the autumn, feeding was interrupted prior to the interruption of daily activity and the tegus were aphagic a few weeks before the entry into hibernation. The CORT level was the highest in early autumn and reduced progressively to 75% and 86% during winter and arousal in early spring, respectively; later during spring the levels were 32% lower than the autumn levels. These changes suggest a role of CORT in the adjustments which promote food intake and substrate storage during the autumn. Despite a reduced food intake, the widespread decrease of daily activities in late autumn would contribute to energy saving and body mass maintenance. The time course of physiological and behavioral changes in neonates reinforces the idea of an endogenous rhythm underlying seasonal dormancy in the tegu. The second part of this study investigated the hypothesis of adjustments in antioxidant system preparatory to the moment of arousal by the analysis of markers of oxidative stress and of antioxidants in several organs of neonatal tegus, during different phases of the annual cycle and during starvation in the spring. The Vmax of CS, an indicator of the oxidative potential, did not vary in the liver and was smaller in the kidney and lung of dormant tegus. The antioxidant enzymes revealed (1) a widespread effect of lowering rates during dormancy and arousal; for instance, GR and CAT were lower in all organs examined and GST had a tendency to be lower in the liver and in the kidney tissues, although it was constant in the heart and in the lung. (2) In the liver, GST and Se-GPX, and the levels of TBARs were higher in the autumn than in the spring activity. (3) In the liver, SOD was higher during dormancy and arousal in relation to the autumn, and Mn−SOD followed this pattern. Contrastingly, SOD in the kidney, heart and lung was lower during dormancy, and rates recovered in the heart and lung during arousal before food intake. The Mn-SOD followed this pattern in the lung. The glutathione concentration and the redox balance did not change in the liver, kidney and heart; in the lung, the levels of Eq−GSH and GSH were lower and had a tendency to increase during arousal. Importantly, carbonyl proteins were increased in the kidney during dormancy and recovered during arousal. The effects of starvation during spring differed of those of fasting during winter in the kidney, as shown by the lower Eq−GSH levels and increased GSSG:GSH ratio, the lower G6PDH, and the increased carbonyl proteins. In the liver, changes during starvation followed seasonal patterns, as shown by increased Se-GPX, and decreased CAT and GR, together indicating a consistent effect exerted by interruption of food intake. The high rates of antioxidant enzymes in neonatal tegus compared with other ectotherms, and the absence of evidence of oxidative stress at arousal suggest that remaining enzyme activities are sufficient to prevent tissue damage that could be caused by the metabolic fluctuations during the annual cycle in the tegu
Domingos, Mateus Moraes. "Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a expressão gênica de moléculas envolvidas na oxidação de gordura e na lipogênese no fígado de ratas ovariectomizadas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1330.
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Decreased levels of estrogen are associated with hepatic steatosis (HS), through changes in gene expression of molecules related to fat oxidation and lipogenesis. Both resistance training (RT) and endurance training (ET) prevents the HS in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. However, the molecular events associated with this process were only investigated for ET but not for RT. Aims: Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ovx and RT on the gene expression of molecules related to fat oxidation and lipogenesis in the liver of rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley adult female rats were grouped into four groups (n = 6 per group): sham-operated sedentary (Sham-Sed); Ovx sedentary (Ovx-Sed); sham-Rt and Ovx- Rt. A 10-week RT period, during which the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails, was used. The sessions were performed three times a week, with 4-9 climbs and 8-12 dynamic movements per climb. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR by the ΔΔCt method. Results: The estrogen deficiency associated with ovariectomy decreased the gene expression of molecules related to fat oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (53%) and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (27%), and increased of molecules related to lipogenesis, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (106%), acetyl-CoA carboxilase (ACC) (72%) and stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (109%), which had their expression restored to the RT, with the exception of the ACC. Conclusions: The present results indicate that the RT may have important effects on the prevention of HS in Ovx animals, possibly through the restoration in gene expression of molecules related to hepatic lipid metabolism
A deficiência de estrógeno está associada à esteatose hepática (EH), por meio de alteração na expressão gênica de moléculas relacionadas à oxidação de gordura e à lipogênese. Tanto o treinamento resistido (TR), quanto o treinamento de endurance (TE) previne a EH em ratas ovariectomizadas (Ovx). No entanto, os eventos moleculares somente foram investigados em relação ao TE e não ao TR. Objetivo: investigar os efeitos da Ovx e do TR sobre a expressão gênica de moléculas relacionadas tanto a oxidação de gordura quanto a lipogênese no fígado de ratas. Métodos: Ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas foram divididas em 4 grupos (n = 6 por grupo): sham operado sedentário (Sham-Sed), Ovx sedentário (Ovx-Sed), sham operado TR (Sham-Tr) e Ovx-Tr. O protocolo de TR exigiu dos animais a escalada de uma escada vertical de 1,1 m com pesos atados as suas caudas. Cada sessão consistiu de 4-9 escaladas, com intervalo de 2 min entre as escaladas, realizado com freqüência semanal de 3 vezes durante 10 semanas. A análise da expressão gênica foi realizada por PCR-RT pelo método ΔΔCt. Resultados: A Ovx diminui significativamente a expressão gênica das moléculas relacionadas à oxidação de gordura; carnitina palmitoil transferase I 53% e da hidroxiacil-CoA desidrogenase 27%, e aumentou das moléculas relacionadas com a lipogênese; proteína 1c ligadora do elemento regulado por esteróis 106%, acetil-CoA carboxilase 72% e estearoil-CoA dessaturase-1 109%, as quais tiveram suas expressões restauradas com o TR, com exceção da ACC. Conclusão: Os resultados presentes sugerem que o TR pode ter importantes efeitos sobre a prevenção da EH em animais Ovx, possivelmente por meio da restauração da expressão gênica de moléculas relacionadas ao metabolismo lipídico hepático.
Herms, Fiol Albert. "Biología celular de los cuerpos lipídicos. Biogénesis, Acumulación y Metabolismo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284755.
Full textTreitinger, Aricio. "Alterações metabólicas e do sistema de defesa antioxidante no plasma e em células mononucleares decorrentes da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-10032015-110940/.
Full textA total number of 101 individuals, including 26 controls and 75 patients classified according to the Walter Reed Army Institute (28 WR 1, 31 WR 2 and 16 WR 3/4) was studied. HIV infected individuals presented, during the early stages, a progressive reduction of body weigth, as well as urea, albumin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in blood serum. However, increased serum levels of total protein, globulin, IgG, IgA, α1 acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, AST and LD were observed in HIV infected individuals during the evolution of infection. Decreased serum iron and a trend for increasing triglyceride was shown only for those individuals classified as WR 3/4. Transferrin was diminished only in the WR 2 group. A trend for enhancing serum ferritin following the progession of HIV infection was also observed. No alteration was observed on the levels of reactive \"C\" protein. Decreased EC-SOD activities were observed in HIV infected individuals as compared to controls, whereas in mononuclear cells the SOD activity was diminished only in WR 3/4 patients. HIV infection did not alter GSH-Px activity. A trend for decreasing α-tocopherol and ascorbate plasma levels was shown during the evolution of HIV infected patients, while no difference was observed for β-carotene levels in the studied groups. The above results suggest that haptoglobin, globulins and IgA can be used to assess the evolution of the HIV infection. Moreover, the decreased levels of the antioxidant defense system components observed in HIV infected patients may indicate that they are under an oxidative stress that could favor HIV replication.
Siqueira, Nathane Pais. "Avaliação dos parâmetros metabólicos e imunológicos da substituição da fonte lipídica da dieta por óleo de coco virgem (Cocos nucifera L.) em ratas Wistar." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11156.
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O óleo de coco virgem (Cocos nucifera L.) apresenta composição diferenciada dos demais óleos, com maiores proporções de ácidos graxos saturados (SFA), sendo a maior parte ácidos graxos de cadeia média (AGCM). Desses, a maior proporção é representada pelo ácido láurico (C12:0), seguida pelo ácido mirístico (C14:0). Essa composição diferenciada está relacionada a diferenças em sua absorção e metabolismo no organismo. Contudo, os estudos não são claros quanto à quantidade desse óleo que deve ser ingerida por dia. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos metabólicos da substituição da fonte lipídica da dieta por óleo de coco virgem em ratas Wistar. Foi realizado um experimento laboratorial e foram utilizados 32 animais, aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos experimentais (n=8). Durante 10 semanas os animais receberam dietas normolipídicas, que diferiam de acordo com a fonte lipídica utilizada, sendo, G1 – controle AIN-93M, óleo de soja; G2 – substituição de 10,4% do total de lipídeos por óleo de coco; G3 – substituição de 50% do total de lipídeos por óleo de coco; G4 – substituição de 95% do total de lipídeos por óleo de coco. Ao final do período experimental, não foram observadas alterações nos parâmetros antropométricos advindos do consumo de óleo de coco (p>0,05), contudo, em G3 houve elevação das concentrações séricas de triglicerídeos, comparado aos demais grupos que receberam óleo de coco (p=0,004). Além disso, no tecido hepático dos animais de G4 foram encontrados maiores teores de ácido cáprico (C10:0) e de ácido mirístico, em comparação a G2 (p=0,002) e a G1 e a G2 (p<0,001), respectivamente. As quantidades de SFA total foram maiores nos grupos G3 e G4, em comparação com os demais grupos (p=0,002). Com relação aos diferentes tecidos adiposos, o tecido adiposo intra-abdominal apresentou maiores concentrações de C10:0 em G3 e G4 (p<0,001). Nos tecidos adiposos mesentérico e perirrenal, foram observadas maiores concentrações desse ácido graxo em G4, seguido por G3 (p<0,001 e p=0,001, respectivamente). As quantidades de C14:0 também foram maiores em G3 e G4 nos tecidos adiposos intra-abdominal (p<0,001) e perirrenal (p=0,001), em comparação aos demais grupos. Já no tecido adiposo mesentérico, esse ácido graxo apresentou-se aumentado em G4, seguido por G3 (p<0,001). A quantidade de SFA total foi maior em G4 nos tecidos adiposo intra- abdominal (p<0,001), mesentérico (p=0,008) e perirrenal (p=0,005). O consumo de óleo de coco também elevou as concentrações das citocinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1β (p=0,039) e IL-12 (p=0,014). Além disso, foi possível observar maior atividade da enzima catalase nos grupos que receberam óleo de coco (p<0,001) e redução de Malondialdeído em G3, em comparação a G1 (p=0,021). Assim, conclui-se que, apesar do consumo de óleo de coco, em uma dieta normolipídica, aumentar a atividade da enzima catalase e reduzir a peroxidação lipídica, a substituição de maiores quantidades dos lipídeos da dieta por óleo de coco pode elevar as concentrações plasmáticas de triglicerídeos, bem como levar ao maior acúmulo de C10:0, C14:0 e SFA total, tanto no fígado quanto nos diferentes tecidos adiposos. Esses resultados, associados ao aumento das concentrações de citocinas pró-inflamatórias no tecido adiposo, ressaltam que o consumo desse óleo deve ser realizado com cuidado e atenção e, portanto, mais estudos se fazem necessários para determinação da quantidade adequada a ser consumida.
Virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) presents different composition compared to other oils, with higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA), being most of them medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). The lauric acid (C12:0) represents the largest proportion, followed by myristic acid (C14:0). This different composition is related to differences in their absorption and metabolism in the body. However, the studies are not clear about the amount of this oil should be consumed per day. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of replacing the fat source of the diet for virgin coconut oil in Wistar rats. A laboratory experiment was conducted using 32 animals randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n=8). For 10 weeks, the animals received normolipidics diets, which differed according to the lipid source used, being G1 - AIN-93M control soybean oil; G2 - replacing 10.4% of total lipids for coconut oil; G3 - replacement of 50% of total lipids for coconut oil; G4 - replacing 95% of total lipids for coconut oil. At the end of the trial period, no changes were observed in anthropometric parameters arising from coconut oil consumption (p>0.05), however, in G3 there was an increase of serum triglycerides, compared to other groups who received coconut oil (p=0.004). Furthermore, in liver tissue of animals G4 were found higher capric acid content (C10:0) and myristic acid, in comparison to G2 (p=0.002) and G1 and G2 (p<0.001), respectively. The total amounts SFA were higher in groups G3 and G4, as compared to the other groups (p=0.002). With regard to the different adipose tissue, intra-abdominal adipose tissue showed higher concentrations of C10:0 in G3 and G4 (p<0.001). In perirenal and mesenteric adipose tissue were observed higher concentrations of this fatty acid in G4, followed by G3 (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). The amounts of C14:0 were also higher in G3 and G4 in intraabdominal adipose tissue (p<0.001) and perirenal (p=0.001) compared to the other groups. In the mesenteric adipose tissue, this fatty acid was increased in G4, followed by G3 (p<0.001). The total amount of SFA was higher at G4 in intraabdominal adipose tissue (p<0.001), mesenteric (p=0.008) and perirenal (p=0.005). The consumption of coconut oil also increased IL-1β concentrations (p=0.039) and IL-12 (p=0.014). Furthermore, we observed increased activity of the enzyme catalase in the groups that received coconut oil (p<0.001) and reduced malondialdehyde in G3, compared to G1 (p=0.021). Thus, we can conclude that although coconut oil consumption in a normolipidic diet increase the catalase enzyme activity and reduce lipid peroxidation, the replacement of higher amounts of dietary lipids of coconut oil may raise plasma concentrations of triglycerides and lead to greater accumulation of C10:0, C14:0 and the total SFA, both in the liver and in the different adipose tissues. These results, associated with increased concentrations of pro- inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue, point out that the consumption of oil should be carried out with care and attention and therefore more studies are necessary to determine the appropriate amount to be consumed.
Azevedo, Carolina Heitmann Mares. "Capacidade da Lipoproteína de Alta Densidade (HDL) de receber lipídeos em diferentes faixas etárias: um estudo in vitro utilizando uma lipoproteína artificial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-13042015-115443/.
Full textThe relationship between transfer of lipids, age and atherogenesis are complex and yet unclear and is possible that the shift of lipids to HDL may be altered by the aging process and related with coronary artery disease (CAD). We tested the hypothesis whether in younger patients the ability of HDL to receive lipids is different from that of elderly patients with or without CAD. Inside of these aspects, the HDL size, the activity of Paraoxonase (PON1) and its capacity to receive lipids was determined. It was studied, 25 younger, 25 middle age, 36 elderly patients with a coronariography and/or a perfusion scintilography on the last 6 months (11 with CAD, 74±5 yo; and 25 patients without proved CAD, 75±6 yo). An artificial cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion labeled with 3H-TG and 14C-FC or H-CE and 14C-PL was incubated, per 1 hour, with plasma. After chemical precipitation of apoB-containing lipoproteins and the nanoemulsion, the supernatant containing HDL was counted for radioactivity. The HDL diameter was measured by laser-light-scattering. Transfer of CE and PL to HDL was smaller in young patients than in the elderly patients without CAD, but the transfer of the other lipids are equal (CE: young= 3.7±1.0%; middle age= 4.1 ±0.7%; elderly without CAD= 5.3±1.8%; p= 0.024 and PL: young= 18.7±4.6%; middle age= 18.3 ±4.0%; elderly without CAD= 20.6±5.3; p=0.0368). The HDL size was greater in elderly group without CAD (9.7± 1.6nm) than in younger (8.9± 0.3nm) and middle age patients (8.9± 0.3nm); p=0,0444. Transfer of lipids to HDL was expressed as % of total incubated radioactivity. The age positively correlated with the transfer of CE (r=0.3365; p=0.0036), with the total cholesterol concentration (r=0.4965; p=0.0001) and with the HDL concentration cholesterol (r=0.3559; p=0.0023). Also had positive correlation with the size of HDL (; p=0.0013). In principle, the aged patients without CAD, have some protection against the same one. In this aspect, with intention to know if the results found in the present work support the affirmation above, was compared this group with a group of aged that presented the CAD. Comparing elderly patients without CAD with elderly patients with CAD, the transfer of CE and FL as well as HDL size was smaller in the CAD group (CE=3.1±2.3 and TG= 5.1±1.6; 8.7±0.7nm). Due to HDL important antiatherogenic roles, this result can be relevant to establish new mechanisms and risk factors in aging and in CAD.
Figueiredo, Cardoso Tainã. "Analysis of the genetic basis of porcine meat quality and coat color by using genomic and transcriptomic tools." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/662617.
Full textThe main objectives of this Thesis were to investigate the genetic basis of fatness in pigs and to identify the genetic factors involved in the establishment of blond vs red pigmentation patterns in Mangalitza pigs by using genomic and transcriptomic tools. In the first study of the Thesis (Chapter 3), we compare the skeletal muscle expression patterns of two groups of Duroc pigs with different growth and fatness profiles (HIGH: high backfat thickness, intramuscular fat, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content and serum lipids vs LOW: opposite phenotypes). By using a RNA-Seq technology, we identified 96 genes differentially expressed. Several of these genes are related to lipid metabolism (e.g. SLC27A4, SFRP5 and CES1) and the transcription factor PPARG appears to be a key regulator of porcine fatness. We have also observed that very few non-coding RNAs are differentially expressed in these two groups of pigs, suggesting that the non-coding transcriptome has a limited effect on the establishment of the HIGH and LOW phenotypes. In the second study of the Thesis, we demonstrate the differential expression of specific mRNA isoforms of four genes with a known role in obesity (ITGA5, LITAF, TIMP1 and ANXA2) in HIGH vs LOW pigs. The differential expression of these isoforms may have effects on transcript structure as well as on the protein sequence. In the third study, we aimed to investigate the differential expression of mRNA encoding genes in response to food ingestion. This goal has been achieved by comparing the muscle mRNA expression patterns of Duroc sows before feeding (T0) and 5 h. (T1) and 7 h. (T2) after feeding. Besides genes with a well-known role in energy homeostasis (e.g. PFKFB3 and G0S2), we have identified several genes with a plausible but poorly characterized role in metabolism (e.g. MIGA2, SDC4, and CSRNP1). We have also observed that the set of genes differentially expressed before and after feeding is enriched in transcription factors and pathways related to oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and circadian rhythms. Considering these results, in the fourth study we use quantitative RT-qPCR technique to find out how the expression of 8 circadian genes (ARNTL, BHLHE40, CRY2, NPAS2, NR1D1, PER1, PER2 and SIK1) changes in response to food ingestion in five porcine tissues i.e. skeletal muscle, hypothalamus, liver, intestine and dorsal fat. Our results indicate that the expression of the Clock genes does not change in the hypothalamus, the tissue containing the central clock entrained by light, but in contrast, it is strongly modified in the other four tissues. This finding demonstrates that nutrition changes the expression of circadian genes integrated in peripheral clocks. Finally, in the fifth study, we have analysed, in collaboration with researchers of the Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition (Hungary) and the University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania), the genetic basis of coat color (red vs blond) of Mangalitza pigs. By combining a selection scan and a genome-wide association study, we have found that the SLC45A2 gene is probably involved in the genetic determination of pigmentation in Mangalitza pigs, a result that agrees well with previous studies demonstrating the implication of this locus on the color patterns of multiple mammalian species including humans. More specifically, two missense SNPs c.806G>A (p.Gly269Glu) and c.956G>A (p.Arg319His) in the SLC45A2 locus appear to be strongly but not fully associated with the red and blond coat colors of Mangalitza pigs. This finding suggests the existence of addiitonal genetic factors regulating the pigmentation of Mangalitza pigs.
Fazolini, Narayana P. B. "Mecanismos associados a obesidade e carcinogênesepapel da leptina e corpúsculos lipídicos na regulação do metabolismo lipídico e progressao tumoral." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14224.
Full textFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
A obesidade é uma condição predisponente ao desenvolvimento de câncer de cólon, esôfago, pulmão, próstata, dentre outros. Um dos maiores desafios no estabelecimento da ligação de obesidade e o risco de câncer tem sido correlacionar a epidemiologia e sua base biológica, ou seja, o mecanismo pelo qual a obesidade leva ao desenvolvimento de câncer. A leptina é uma adipocitocina, produzida e secretada pelo tecido adiposo que possui além dos efeitos em nível central no controle da saciedade, ações na regulação da resposta imune e inflamatória. Temos por hipótese que os níveis elevados de leptina na obesidade ative vias de sinalização envolvidas na regulação da inflamação, metabolismo lipídico e proliferação celular em células epiteliais. Os corpúsculos lipídicos são organelas dinâmicas envolvidas no metabolismo lipídico e inflamação, e o aumento no número destas organelas foi observado no câncer de cólon humano. A mTOR é uma serina/treonina cinase que está relacionada com o estímulo à tradução de proteínas, proliferação celular e progressão tumoral. Nosso objetivo foi, portanto, estudar o papel da leptina na alteração do metabolismo lipídico e progressão tumoral. Células epiteliais intestinais (IEC-6) não-transformadas de rato foram incubadas com leptina por 6h, na presença ou ausência do inibidor de mTOR, rapamicina. O estímulo com leptina induziu aumento na formação de corpúsculos lipídicos em células IEC-6 quando comparadas às células controle após coloração com tetróxido de ósmio ou ORO. O pré-tratamento com rapamicina inibiu significantemente a indução de corpúsculos lipídicos por leptina, sugerindo um papel de mTOR na sinalização induzida por esta adipocina Nós demonstramos que a leptina aumenta a fosforilação de S6K em um mecanismo sensível à rapamicina. Além, disso, a leptina aumenta a proliferação de células epiteliais de forma dependente da via de mTOR, aumentando o número de células na fase S do ciclo celular. Através de proteoma descritivo de corpúsculos lipídicos de células de adenocarcinoma de cólon, verificamos a presença de 370 proteínas, incluindo diversas proteínas importantes no metabolismo lipídico, tradução de proteínas, sinalização e proliferação celular, sugerindo que estas organelas podem ser sítios de tradução de proteínas e sinalização, e poderiam contribuir para o fenótipo hiperproliferativo observado em tumores. Através de fracionamento subcelular e microscopia confocal, validamos que corpúsculos lipídicos de células de adenocarcinoma de cólon são sítios de localização da proteína S6K e mTOR. O estudo da regulação e ativação de mTOR e outras importantes vias durante processos patológicos como o câncer poderá contribuir para o entendimento dos mecanismos básicos de regulação do metabolismo lipídico e transformação celular de células tumorais. Dessa forma, nossos estudos podem contribuir para a identificação de novos alvos terapêuticos para o tratamento do câncer
Obesity is a predisposing condition to cancer development in colon, esophagus, lung, prostate, among others. One of the greatest challenge in establishing the link of obesity and the risk of cancer has been to establish the mechanism by which obesity leads to the development of cancer. Leptin is a adipocytokine, produced and secreted by adipose tissue that beyond its central effects in the control of satiety, has actions in the regulation of immune and inflammatory response. We hypothesized that elevated levels of leptin in obesity activate signaling pathways involved in the regulation of inflammation, lipid metabolism and cell proliferation in epithelial cells. Lipid droplets are dynamic organelles involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, and the increase in the number of these organelles was observed in human colon cancer. mTOR is a serine / threonine kinase that regulates protein translation, cell proliferation and tumor progression. Our goal was therefore to study the impact of leptin in changes in lipid metabolism and tumor progression. Non-transformed rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were incubated with leptin for 6h in the presence or absence of the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin. Leptin stimulation induced increase in lipid droplet formation in IEC-6 cells when compared to control cells after staining with osmium tetroxide or ORO Pre-treatment with rapamycin significantly inhibited the induction of lipid droplet by leptin, suggesting a role for mTOR in leptin-induced signaling. Leptin treatment leads to an increase in the phosphorylation of S6K in a rapamycin-sensitive manner. In addition, leptin-induced increase in epithelial cell proliferation is dependent of mTOR. Through descriptive proteomics of lipid droplets from colon adenocarcinoma cells, we identified 370 proteins, several of them involved in lipid metabolism, translation, cell signaling and proliferation, suggesting that these organelles can be sites of protein translation, contributing to the hyperproliferative phenotype observed in tumors. We have also demonstrated by confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation that the S6K protein and mTOR are located at lipid droplets in colon adenocarcinoma cells. The study of regulation and activation of mTOR and other important pathways for diseases like cancer may contribute to a better understanding of the basic mechanisms involved in lipid metabolism and cell transformation in tumor cells, thus permitting the identification of new therapeutic targets for treatment of cancer
2017-03-15
Dias, Jéssica Mascaretti. "Efeito de duas variedades de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) no metabolismo lipídico de hamsters." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-04092012-143126/.
Full textCarioca and black beans are the varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris most consumed on Brazil Southwest. It is well described that some legumes, as soy and cowpea beans, have hypocholesterolaemic effects. To test cholesterol-lowering properties of carioca and black beans, two biological assays were conducted. Golden Syrian hamsters, 21 days old, were housed individually under 12 h light-dark cycle and temperature-controlled environment, with free access to food and water. There was a adaptation period of 6 days, before the start of experimental period. In Assay A, the animals (n=19) were randomly assigned to three distinct groups. All groups received a hypercholesterolaemic diet (13.5 per cent coconut oil and 0.1 per cent cholesterol) and similar amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins and minerals to suit the animal requirements. Control group received casein as the only protein source; Carioca bean group received 15 per cent of carioca bean flour and casein to complement protein requirement and Black bean group received 15 per cent of black bean flour and casein to complement protein requirement. After 21 days, the experimental period was over and liver, blood and feces were collected. In Assay B, all groups also received a hypercholesterolaemic diet (13.5 per cent coconut oil and 0.1 per cent cholesterol). In this assay the only difference between groups (n=27) was protein source: casein for control group, and the others received carioca (67 per cent ) or black bean whole seed flour (62 per cent ) plus 7,5 per cent of casein. The beans flours obtained showed no differences in chemical composition. In Assay A, plasma HDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were higher in Carioca bean group and Black bean group. The other plasma parameters had no differences. In assay B, plasma triglyceride was higher in Black bean group. The HDL cholesterol was increased in both beans groups, and was significant in Carioca group. Fecal excretion of bile acids was higher in animals of Carioca bean group. Fecal excretion of cholesterol was higher in Control group. There were no differences between groups in total liver lipid concentration, data supporting the steatosis analysis in livers. The chi-square test showed that the type of experimental diet and steatosis grade were independents, also the portal hepatic inflammation was not associated with the experimental diets. The parenchymal inflammation of the liver was associated with Carioca bean group, which showed that the chance of developing severe inflammation was 30 per cent lower in carioca bean group compared with Control group. Beans had no cholesterol-lowering effect, but the HDL increases in plasma and lower inflammation in Carioca bean group deserves further investigation.
Junior, Elbio Leiguez. "Estudo dos fatores envolvidos na formação de corpúsculos lipídicos, induzido por uma fosfolipase A2, isolada do veneno de serpente: síntese e metabolismo de lipídeos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-09062015-154735/.
Full textSnake venoms contain high concentrations of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) with homology to mammalian PLA2s, whose levels are elevated in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated activation and expression of factors involved in lipid droplets formation (LDs) and participation that factors in the innate immune response induced by MT-III, sPLA2s from snake venom, in phagocytic cells. MT-III induced increase of triacylglycerol, cholesterol and lysophospholipids levels and activation and expression of factors PPAR-g, PPAR-d/b, SREBP2 and CD36. PPAR-b/d receptor, DGAT, ACAT and FAS enzymes were relevant to LDs formation and critical to PLIN2 expression induced by MT-III. CD36 participates in COX-2 expression without modifying PGE2 release stimulated by MT-III. TLR2 and MyD88 were essential to LDs formation and IL-1b and IL-10 synthesis stimulated by MT-III. Moreover, TLR2 was relevant to PGE2, PGD2 and LTB4 biosynthesis, while MyD88 is essential only for PGE2 release and PLIN2 expression induced by MT-III.