Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lipidos de la dieta'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Lipidos de la dieta.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Almazán, Torres Karen, Chávez Karina Fátima García, and Ramos Roxana Valdés. "Efecto de una Dieta elevada en Hidratos de Carbono y Lípidos en la producción de Inmunoglobulina a Intestino Delgado de Ratones." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/14240.
Full textCosta, Trachsel Irmgard. "Caracterización y validación morfológica y molecular de los tumores mamarios experimentales. Modulación por los lípidos de la dieta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283434.
Full textThis dissertation includes 10 publications that are part of the "Fat Diet and Breast Cancer" project developed by the "Grup Multidisciplinari per a l'Estudi Breast Cancer" (GMECM). The studies have used the experimental model of mammary tumors induced in rats with dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) and are the result of the following objectives: a) to characterize and to validate morphologically this model, using a unique approach (articles 1 and 2); b) to study the effect of diets rich in corn oil (n-6 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (n-9 MUFA and bioactive components) on experimental mammary carcinogenesis, from a histopathologic perspective (articles 2 and 5); c) to analyze the influence of these diets on the expression of p21Ha-Ras, by immunohistochemistry, in experimental breast carcinomas (article 3); d) to apply the morphological contributions in clinical, molecular and biological studies that evaluate breast cancer modulation by dietary lipids (articles 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10); and e) to integrate the results into the mechanisms of the effects of dietary lipids in breast cancer (Articles 7 and 8). First, the morphological approach of experimental mammary tumors and lesions has led two major contributions: a) an optimization of the histological characterization and a proposed classification of experimental breast disease that improve the diagnosis of these lesions and the extrapolation to the human system and b) the design of a grading system for experimental breast carcinomas, based on the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson method, that recognizes tumors with different morphological aggressiveness. Secondly, it has been demonstrated, for the first time, a differential morphological modulation by dietary lipids, on experimental breast carcinomas: an aggressive phenotype (greater architectural, nuclear and histological grades, and an increased mitotic activity, necrosis and stromal desmoplasia) associated with a diet rich in corn oil, particularly when acting as promoter, compared with a normolipidic diet; and a similar appearance of breast carcinomas from the groups fed a diet rich in extra virgin olive oil to the control group ones (low architectural, nuclear and histological grades), and even more benign (a prevailing papillary pattern and a less desmoplastic reaction and tumor necrosis). Third, despite there were no differences in the expression of p21Ha-Ras between experimental groups by the effect of diet, this seems to depend on the histological grade of carcinomas in groups fed normolipidic and corn oil rich diets (increased expression in low histological grade carcinomas). The loss of this relationship by the effect of a diet rich in olive oil is compatible with the attributed role on the activity of the protein. Finally, there has been a correlation of morphological findings with clinical, molecular and biological data, in the integration studies: a) a stimulatory effect of n-6 PUFA (low latency, increased number of affected animals and a high content and tumor volume); and an effect from protective to weakly stimulatory of the extra virgin olive oil (similar tumor latency and lower tumor volume than the control group, but with higher incidence and tumor content); b) a differential expression of PCPH and of newly identified genes (submaxillary gland α-2u globulin, VDUP1, H19 and EST-Rn.32385), related to cell proliferation and differentiation, by dietary lipids; c) an influence of diet rich in n-6 PUFA in the sexual maturation of the animals, advancing puberty and increasing the risk of breast cancer.
Pereira, Stéphanie Dorothée Melen Palha Ramos. "Clínica de animais exóticos e silvestres: patologias nutricionais em psitacídeos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14005.
Full textManzanares, Serrano Miguel Angel. "Influencia de los lípidos de la dieta en la iniciación del cáncer de mama experimental: Ontogenia de las enzimas de detoxificación de xenobióticos. Metabolism ode carcinógeno y daño en el ADN." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285545.
Full textBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among women all over the World. Besides the genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors, there are epidemiologic and experimental evidences that nutritional and environmental factors have a role in the etiology and the development of this cancer. The dietary lipids are directly related with cancer, mainly breast cancer. The research group has contributed to the best understanding of the effects and the mechanisms of action of the high corn oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) n-6, and the high extra virgin olive oil diets, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) n-9 and several bioactive compounds, in the experimental breast cancer, resulting in a stimulating and a potentially protective effect, respectively. These diets mostly acted on the carcinogenesis promotion stage. The aim of this work has been to research on the intervention of these lipids, furthermore, over the initiation through the modulation of the bioactivation and/or detoxification of the carcinogenic initiator agents, both in hepatic level and the mammary gland itself. Results proceed from two different experimental series, developed in the experimental breast cancer model induced in the rat with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). In both series the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) were studied, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 from the phase I, and GSTP1 and NQO1 from the phase II. The first series analyzed the effect of the dietary lipids on the XMEs expression in the liver and the mammary gland in critical development ages (prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal/adult). The second series studied specifically the hours immediately after the carcinogen administration and analyzed the effect of the dietary lipids on its hepatic metabolism, the generation of reactive compounds and the genomic damage in the mammary gland. Results showed that dietary lipids may modulate the XMEs expression in different stages of the postnatal development. Additionally, the diet rich in PUFA n-6 increased the expression of phase I enzymes, in ages previous to DMBA administration, and raised CYP1s activity in the hours immediately after induction (12 and 24 hours), while reducing the enzyme activity of phase II, mainly NQO1. The number of reactive metabolites generated in the liver and the genomic damage in the mammary gland of the animals fed the high corn oil diet was higher than in the other groups. On the other hand, the high extra virgin olive oil diet and the normolipidic control diet exhibit a better coordinated phase I and phase II activity, showing a lower production of reactive metabolites and smaller DNA damage in the mammary gland. Concordance between these results and the carcinogenesis parameters in both series showed the effect of lipids on the initiation of the experimental mammary carcinogenesis, besides the already described modulation during promotion/progression stages. Results of this work, along with previous others on the effects of lipids during sexual maturity and mammary gland differentiation suggest that these nutrients, depending on the amount and type, can differently modify the mammary gland susceptibility or resistance to cancer development, and therefore, modulate the windows of susceptibility over the exposure to environmental carcinogens.
Homem, Junior Antonio Carlos [UNESP]. "Grão de girassol ou gordura protegida na dieta com alto concentrado e o ganho compensatório para cordeiros." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99604.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Foi estudada a inclusão de lipídios advindos dos grãos de girassol ou da gordura protegida em dietas com alto concentrado para cordeiros sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o balanço nitrogenado. Foram utilizados 12 cordeiros com peso médio de 25 kg distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), onde foram coletadas totalmente as excretas. A fermentação ruminal foi realizada utilizando seis ovinos, com peso médio de 30 kg, canulados no rúmen, distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo com três dietas e três períodos, nos quais foram amostrados conteúdos e realizadas incubações ruminais para avaliação do pH, amônia, ácidos graxos voláteis,' massa microbiana e degradabilidade dos ingredientes. O desempenho em confinamento com ganho compensatório foi realizado utilizando 36 cordeiros, com peso médio de 18 kg, distribuídos num DIC em esquema fatorial 3 dietas e 2 manejos de alimentação. Não foram observados efeitos da dieta sobre a digestibilidade da matéria seca (67,3%), proteína bruta (72,1%) carboidratos totais (60,9%) e carboidratos não fibrosos (93,7%), assim como para o balanço nitrogenado, apresentando valores médios 36,1 g/dia para ingestão, de 17,5 g/dia para retenção e relação retido/absorvido de 66,9%. Não houve diferenças entre as dietas para a concentração ruminal de amônia (18 mg/dL), pH (6,1), produção total (98 mM), proporções molares de acetato (66,4%), propionato (20%) e butirato (13%) e para razão acetato: propionato...
One evaluated the inclusion of lipids from either the sunflower grains or protected fat in high-concentrated diets for lambs on nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance. 12 lambs were used (average weight of 25 kg) in randomly assigned design, were totally collected excrete. The fermentation ruminal was accomplished using six sheep (average weight of 30 kg) with fistula in the rumen, distributed in double Latin Square design with three diets and three periods, were sample contents and ruminal incubations for evaluation of pH, ammonia, short chain fat acids, microbial mass .and ingredients degradability. The performance in feedlot with compensatory gain was achieve using 36 lambs (average weight of 18 kg), were randomly assigned in factorial scheme (3 diets X 2 feeding handlings). One could not associate any etfects of the diet with the dry matter digestibility (67.3%), crude protein digestibility (72.1 %), total carbohydrates (60.9%) and no fiber carbohydrate (93.7%), as well as for nitrogen balance, that results in an average nitrogen intake value of 36.1 g/day, retention value of 17.5 g/day and a 66.9% retained/absorbed relation. There were no significant differences among the diets for ruminal ammonium concentration (18 mg/dL), pH (6.1), total production short chain fat acids (98 mM), acetate molar proportion (66.4%), propionate (20%) and butyrate (13%) and neither for the acetate:propionate ratio (3.2: 1 ). During the initial feedlot period, the weight gain was superior (p<0.05) when the animais were fed the.sunflower grains ration (280 g/day) in relation when they were fed protected fat ration (208 g/day), no apparent difference (p>0.05) was detected in comparison to the control diet... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Assis, Adriano Martimbianco de. "Efeitos da dieta hieperlipídica aquecida e dieta hiperlipídica normal na formação de produtos finais de glicação avançada e de espécies reativas de oxigênio em ratos Wistar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18198.
Full textMany studies have demonstrated that DNA damage may be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of the potential relationship between fat (thermolyzed) intake, glucose dyshomeostasis and DNA injury in rats. Biochemical parameters related to glucose metabolism (i.e., blood glucose levels, insulin tolerance tests, glucose tolerance tests and fat cell glucose oxidation) and general health parameters (i.e., body weight, retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissue) were evaluated in rats after a 12-month treatment with either a high fat or a high thermolyzed fat diet. The high fat diet (HFD) and high fat thermolyzed diet (HFTD) showed increased body weight and impaired insulin sensitivity at the studied time-points in insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose tolerance test (GTT). Interestingly, only animals subjected to the HFTD diet showed decreased epididymal fat cell glucose oxidation. We show which high fat diets have the capacity to reduce glycogen synthesis by direct and indirect pathways. HFTD promoted an increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver, demonstrating significant damage in lipids in relation to other groups. Blood and hippocampus DNA damage was significantly higher in animals subjected to HFDs, and the highest damage was observed in animals from the HFTD group. Striatum DNA damage was significantly higher in animals subjected to HFDs, compared with the control group. These results show a positive correlation between high fat diet, glucose dyshomeostasis, oxidative stress and DNA damage.
Camargo, Marinei Cristina Pereira Ribeiro. "Alterações metabólicas induzidas pelo consumo de dietas hiperlipídicas ou hiperglicídicas associadas à hidroclorotiazida: possível papel protetor do disseleneto de difenila em ratos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/19100.
Full textHigh fat and/or high fructose diets have been associated with oxidative stress, insulin resistance and Metabolic Syndrome development. Thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) are frequently used by patients with these disorders for treatment of hypertension, but they also can exacerbate these metabolic disturbances. Thus, in an attempt to develop a rodent model to study the adverse effects of HCTZ, the objective of this work was to investigate whether an association between a high fat (HF) or highfructose diet (HFD) and HCTZ treatment produces a negative synergic influence on glucose homeostasis and in other biochemical parameters associated to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) development. Moreover, also was evaluated whether dietary diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, a organoselenium compound with antioxidant properties, could reduce the metabolic alterations induced by chronic consumption of diets enriched with fructose and/or HCTZ. In animal model of metabolic alterations induced by HF diet and/or HCTZ, rats were fed for 16 weeks with a control diet or with an HF, both supplemented with different doses of HCTZ (0.4, 1.0, and 4.0 g/kg of diet). HCTZ associated with an HF diet caused an increase in blood glucose, fructosamine and lipid peroxidation levels in hepatic and cerebral tissues. In addition, HF ingestion was associated with an increase in cerebral lipid peroxidation, vitamin C and non-protein thiol groups (NPSH) levels. There was an increase in vitamin C as well as NPSH levels in HCTZ (1.0 and 4.0 g/kg of diet) and HF plus HCTZ groups. Cerebral Na+-K+-ATPase activity of HCTZ (4.0 g/kg of diet) and HCTZ plus HF-fed animals was inhibited. The intake of HCTZ and HF diet produced a reduction in magnesium and potassium levels as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation and vitamin C in liver. Importantly, the association of HCTZ with HF diet caused additional worsening of biochemical parameters related to glucose homeostasis (particularly accentuated magnesium depletion) and further increase in oxidative stress in hepatic and cerebral tissues. The data indicate that chronic intake of a high dose of HCTZ (4.0 g/kg of diet) or HF change biochemical indexes of oxidative stress in rat brain. Thus, results suggest that chronic intake of HCTZ or HF diet causes metabolic changes related to glucose homeostasis and that the association of HF diet and HCTZ treatment can exacerbate some of these biochemical alterations. Therefore, we can suggest that this experimental model can be used for studying the adverse effects of HCTZ. On experimental models of biochemical alterations caused by fructose and\or HCTZ intake, rats were fed with a control diet (CT) or with a high fructose diet (HFD), both supplemented with HCTZ (4.0 g/kg) and/or diphenyl diselenide (3 ppm) for 18 weeks. HFD diets caused an increase in the levels of glucose, fructosamine, triglycerides and cholesterol of animals, which were not restored to control levels by (PhSe)2 supplementation or potentiated by HCTZ. However, the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were lower in the groups that received HFD or HCTZ diet supplemented with (PhSe)2. The ingestion of HCTZ caused a decrease in hepatic catalase (CAT) and renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, which were restored by (PhSe)2 supplementation. In liver, diphenyl diselenide was also effective in increasing vitamin C levels reduced by HFD and HFD plus HCTZ intake. Indeed, the compound increased per se hepatic and renal SOD activity and reduced the oxidation of the lipids and proteins caused by HCTZ associated or not with HFD intake. Furthermore, the association between HFD and HCTZ caused a decrease in potassium levels and aggravated the hypomagnesemia and the hypertriglyceridemia HCTZ-induced. Theses findings suggest that some biochemical changes can be aggravated by ingestion simultaneous of HCTZ and HFD diet. In addition, data also demonstrate that (PhSe)2 supplementation reduces metabolic disorders linked to oxidative stress and that this compound can be considered a promising agent for treatment of metabolic disturbances HFD and HCTZ-induced, via its antioxidant properties.
Santos, KÃssia Moreira. "Sebo bovino e emulsificante na dieta de suÃnos em crescimento e terminaÃÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13245.
Full textForam realizados dois ensaios para determinar a composiÃÃo quÃmica e a energia metabolizÃvel do sebo bovino e para avaliar este ingrediente como fonte lipÃdica alternativa em raÃÃes para suÃnos nas fases de crescimento e terminaÃÃo com ou sem a adiÃÃo de emulsificante, sobre o desempenho, digestibilidade dos nutrientes das raÃÃes, triacilglicerÃis sÃricos, caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa e avaliaÃÃo econÃmica. Para o ensaio de metabolismo foram utilizados 15 suÃnos machos castrados de peso inicial de 22,03Â0,62 kg que foram distribuÃdos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, pelo mÃtodo de coleta total de fezes e urina. Os tratamentos foram: RR â raÃÃo referÃncia, formulada a base de milho e farelo de soja; RT1 â raÃÃo teste composta por 95% da raÃÃo referÃncia e 5% de sebo bovino e RT2 â raÃÃo teste composta de 90% de raÃÃo referÃncia e 10% de sebo bovino. O sebo bovino apresentou 99,94% de matÃria seca e 7130,97 kcal de energia metabolizÃvel (EM)/kg. Para o ensaio de desempenho foram utilizados 30 suÃnos machos castrados com peso inicial de 24,85Â1,18 kg, distribuÃdos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetiÃÃes de um animal. Os tratamentos diferiram quanto à fonte lipÃdica incluÃda, nÃvel de EM e adiÃÃo do emulsificante, sendo: T1 â dieta com inclusÃo de Ãleo de soja e 3230 kcal de EM/kg; T2 â dieta com inclusÃo de sebo bovino e 3230 kcal de EM/kg; T3 â dieta com inclusÃo de sebo bovino e 3080 kcal de EM/kg; T4 â dieta com inclusÃo de sebo bovino, 3080 kcal de EM/kg e adiÃÃo de 0,1% emulsificante; T5 â dieta com inclusÃo de sebo bovino, 2930 kcal de EM/kg e adiÃÃo de 0,1% de emulsificante. NÃo houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre as variÃveis de consumo de raÃÃo e ganho diÃrio de peso em todas as fases avaliadas. Entretanto, observou-se que houve diferenÃa significativa para a conversÃo alimentar no crescimento II e na terminaÃÃo, onde os animais alimentados com a raÃÃo contendo sebo bovino e reduÃÃo na energia para 3080 kcal/kg (T3) e para 2930 kcal/kg com adiÃÃo de emulsificante (T5) apresentaram pior conversÃo alimentar. NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa (P>0,05) para os nÃveis de triacilglicerÃis no sangue e para as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃas (peso, rendimento e comprimento de carcaÃa, quantidade e percentual de carne magra, espessura de toicinho, profundidades de lombo e de gordura, Ãreas do olho de lombo e da gordura e relaÃÃo gordura carne). Dependendo do valor energÃtico, o sebo bovino pode substituir o Ãleo de soja como fonte lipÃdica em raÃÃes para suÃnos nas fases de crescimento e terminaÃÃo. A reduÃÃo em 150 kcal de EM/kg da raÃÃo com uso de sebo bovino pode ser compensada com a adiÃÃo de emulsificante.
This study aimed to determine the chemical and metabolizable energy of beef tallow and evaluate this feedstuff as an alternative lipid source in diets for growing and finishing pigs with or without emulsifier addition, on performance, digestibility of the nutrients, serum triacylglycerols, carcass characteristics and economic evaluation. For the metabolism assay a total of 15 barrows were used with an initial weight of 22.03 Â 0.62 kg and distributed in a completely randomized design, using the total of feces and urine method. The treatments were: RR - basal diet, formulated based on corn and soybean meal; RT1 - ration test comprised 95% of basal diet and 5% beef tallow and RT2 - test diet composed of 90% of basal diet and 10% beef tallow. The beef tallow showed 99.94% of dry matter and 7130.97 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg. To test the performance, a total of 30 barrows with an initial weight of 24.85 Â 1.18 kg were distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments and six repetitions of an animal. The treatments differed in fat source included, level of ME and addition of emulsifier, as much: T1 - diet with soybean oil and 3230 kcal ME/kg; T2 - diet with beef tallow and 3230 kcal ME/kg; T3 - diet with beef tallow and 3080 kcal ME/kg; T4 - diet with beef tallow, 3080 kcal ME/kg and addition of 0.1% of emulsifier; T5 - diet with beef tallow, 2930 kcal ME/kg and addition of 0.1% of emulsifier. It was not observed effects on variables of feed intake and average daily gain in all phases. However, it was observed that there was a significant difference in feed conversion in growing II and finishing phase; animals fed the diet containing beef tallow and reduction in energy to 3080 kcal ME/kg (T3) and 2930 kcal ME/kg with emulsifier (T5) presented worse feed conversion. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among levels of triglycerides in the blood and carcass characteristics (weight, yield and carcass length, amount and percentage of lean meat, backfat thickness, loin depth and fat depth, loin eye area and fat area and meat/fat ratio). Depending on the energy level, beef tallow can replace soybean oil as a lipid source in diets for pigs during the growing and finishing phases. The reduction of metabolizable energy at 150 kcal/kg with the use of beef tallow can to be compensated with the addition of emulsifier.
Santos, Kássia Moreira. "Sebo bovino e emulsificante na dieta de suínos em crescimento e terminação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18786.
Full textSubmitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-02T13:12:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_kmsantos.pdf: 490581 bytes, checksum: 564e4ee99c250be2753b821f893f9b95 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-02T13:12:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_kmsantos.pdf: 490581 bytes, checksum: 564e4ee99c250be2753b821f893f9b95 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T13:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_kmsantos.pdf: 490581 bytes, checksum: 564e4ee99c250be2753b821f893f9b95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
This study aimed to determine the chemical and metabolizable energy of beef tallow and evaluate this feedstuff as an alternative lipid source in diets for growing and finishing pigs with or without emulsifier addition, on performance, digestibility of the nutrients, serum triacylglycerols, carcass characteristics and economic evaluation. For the metabolism assay a total of 15 barrows were used with an initial weight of 22.03 ± 0.62 kg and distributed in a completely randomized design, using the total of feces and urine method. The treatments were: RR - basal diet, formulated based on corn and soybean meal; RT1 - ration test comprised 95% of basal diet and 5% beef tallow and RT2 - test diet composed of 90% of basal diet and 10% beef tallow. The beef tallow showed 99.94% of dry matter and 7130.97 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg. To test the performance, a total of 30 barrows with an initial weight of 24.85 ± 1.18 kg were distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments and six repetitions of an animal. The treatments differed in fat source included, level of ME and addition of emulsifier, as much: T1 - diet with soybean oil and 3230 kcal ME/kg; T2 - diet with beef tallow and 3230 kcal ME/kg; T3 - diet with beef tallow and 3080 kcal ME/kg; T4 - diet with beef tallow, 3080 kcal ME/kg and addition of 0.1% of emulsifier; T5 - diet with beef tallow, 2930 kcal ME/kg and addition of 0.1% of emulsifier. It was not observed effects on variables of feed intake and average daily gain in all phases. However, it was observed that there was a significant difference in feed conversion in growing II and finishing phase; animals fed the diet containing beef tallow and reduction in energy to 3080 kcal ME/kg (T3) and 2930 kcal ME/kg with emulsifier (T5) presented worse feed conversion. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among levels of triglycerides in the blood and carcass characteristics (weight, yield and carcass length, amount and percentage of lean meat, backfat thickness, loin depth and fat depth, loin eye area and fat area and meat/fat ratio). Depending on the energy level, beef tallow can replace soybean oil as a lipid source in diets for pigs during the growing and finishing phases. The reduction of metabolizable energy at 150 kcal/kg with the use of beef tallow can to be compensated with the addition of emulsifier.
Foram realizados dois ensaios para determinar a composição química e a energia metabolizável do sebo bovino e para avaliar este ingrediente como fonte lipídica alternativa em rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação com ou sem a adição de emulsificante, sobre o desempenho, digestibilidade dos nutrientes das rações, triacilgliceróis séricos, características de carcaça e avaliação econômica. Para o ensaio de metabolismo foram utilizados 15 suínos machos castrados de peso inicial de 22,03±0,62 kg que foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, pelo método de coleta total de fezes e urina. Os tratamentos foram: RR – ração referência, formulada a base de milho e farelo de soja; RT1 – ração teste composta por 95% da ração referência e 5% de sebo bovino e RT2 – ração teste composta de 90% de ração referência e 10% de sebo bovino. O sebo bovino apresentou 99,94% de matéria seca e 7130,97 kcal de energia metabolizável (EM)/kg. Para o ensaio de desempenho foram utilizados 30 suínos machos castrados com peso inicial de 24,85±1,18 kg, distribuídos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de um animal. Os tratamentos diferiram quanto à fonte lipídica incluída, nível de EM e adição do emulsificante, sendo: T1 – dieta com inclusão de óleo de soja e 3230 kcal de EM/kg; T2 – dieta com inclusão de sebo bovino e 3230 kcal de EM/kg; T3 – dieta com inclusão de sebo bovino e 3080 kcal de EM/kg; T4 – dieta com inclusão de sebo bovino, 3080 kcal de EM/kg e adição de 0,1% emulsificante; T5 – dieta com inclusão de sebo bovino, 2930 kcal de EM/kg e adição de 0,1% de emulsificante. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis de consumo de ração e ganho diário de peso em todas as fases avaliadas. Entretanto, observou-se que houve diferença significativa para a conversão alimentar no crescimento II e na terminação, onde os animais alimentados com a ração contendo sebo bovino e redução na energia para 3080 kcal/kg (T3) e para 2930 kcal/kg com adição de emulsificante (T5) apresentaram pior conversão alimentar. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para os níveis de triacilgliceróis no sangue e para as características de carcaças (peso, rendimento e comprimento de carcaça, quantidade e percentual de carne magra, espessura de toicinho, profundidades de lombo e de gordura, áreas do olho de lombo e da gordura e relação gordura carne). Dependendo do valor energético, o sebo bovino pode substituir o óleo de soja como fonte lipídica em rações para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação. A redução em 150 kcal de EM/kg da ração com uso de sebo bovino pode ser compensada com a adição de emulsificante.
Corrêa, Camila Fernandes. "Fontes de ácidos graxos da dieta no desempenho da tilápia-do-nilo em temperatura ótima e subótima." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/158428.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-01-15T14:52:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 336716.pdf: 1806665 bytes, checksum: 75fc53c31c6580fee3342e043c32389d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
As tilápias, entre elas a tilápia-do-Nilo, têm importante contribuição na aquicultura mundial e brasileira. A grande disseminação da sua criação se deve à boa produtividade em diversos sistemas e condições climáticas. O desafio é manter a alta produtividade em clima subtropical, como na região sudeste e sul brasileira, onde se concentra mais da metade da sua produção. Neste sentido, a nutrição e a formulação de rações específicas podem ser uma importante ferramenta. Ainda há muitas lacunas em relação à exigência em ácidos graxos para tilápias, principalmente em temperatura subótima fria, onde seu papel na manutenção da fluidez das membranas celulares é fundamental. Foram propostos dois estudos sobre fontes de ácidos graxos dietéticos para a tilápia-do-Nilo mantida em diferentes temperaturas. No primeiro estudo, juvenis de tilápia foram alimentados com cinco dietas com diferentes óleos (peixe, linhaça, girassol, oliva e coco), em dois ensaios, de 9 e 12 semanas, respectivamente, em temperatura ótima (28°C) e subótima (22°C). No segundo estudo, três misturas dos óleos vegetais foram formuladas para mimetizar as classes de ácidos graxos do óleo de peixe e serem comparadas a este, com variação apenas na proporção n-3/n-6 dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA), nas mesmas condições do estudo anterior. No primeiro estudo, as dietas não influenciaram o crescimento das tilápias a 28°C, mas a 22°C os melhores resultados ocorreram com o óleo de peixe, linhaça ou girassol, ricos em PUFA. O óleo de oliva, rico em ácidos graxos monoinsaturados, teve um efeito intermediário, enquanto o óleo de coco, rico em saturados, causou queda de desempenho a 22°C. No segundo estudo, em ambas temperaturas, as misturas de óleo vegetais proporcionaram pior crescimento que o óleo de peixe. Foi observado que, em geral, as dietas devem conter PUFA da série n-3 para o melhor aproveitamento do alimento pelos peixes. O perfil de ácidos graxos corporal foi influenciado pelas dietas e os efeitos positivos no desempenho coincidem com o maior acúmulo de PUFA. Os PUFA, principalmente os de cadeia longa, se mostraram importantes na adaptação da tilápia à temperatura mais baixa. Alguns óleos vegetais são boas fontes dietéticas de lipídios para a tilápia-do-Nilo. Entretanto, seus perfis de ácidos graxos devem ser considerados para manutenção do desempenho, sobretudo em temperatura subótima fria.
Oliveira, Rafaela Benatti 1989. "Avaliação da expressão hepática de microRNAs relacionados ao metabolismo lipídico na prole de camundongos com obesidade induzida por dieta." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/244470.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T18:35:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_RafaelaBenatti_M.pdf: 1191668 bytes, checksum: 30188f35804e6016d9ee2cffa54ee9d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O consumo materno de uma dieta rica em gordura (HFD) durante a gestação e lactação está intimamente relacionada ao acúmulo de lipídios no fígado, a resistência à insulina e ao aumento de citocinas no soro, na prole jovem e na idade adulta. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) têm sido relacionados com a biossíntese do colesterol e no metabolismo dos ácidos graxos. Nós avaliamos a modulação da síntese hepática de ácidos graxos (de novo), as vias da beta-oxidação e a expressão dos microRNAs miR-122 e miR -370 em prole recém desmamados (d28) de mães alimentadas com HFD (grupo HFD-O) ou ração padrão (grupo SC-O) durante a gestação e lactação. Comparado com os camundongos SC-O, os camundongos HFD-O apresentaram um maior peso corpóreo, maior massa de tecido adiposo e eram intolerantes à glicose e insulina. HFD-O camundongos também apresentaram níveis séricos elevados de colesterol, triglicérides, ácidos graxos não esterificados e maior fosforilação hepática de IKK e JNK em comparação com camundongos SC-O. Os níveis das proteínas FAS, ACC e HMGCR foram semelhantes entre os camundongos HFD-O e SC-O, enquanto os níveis de RNAm e proteína da SCD1 foram mais abundantes nos camundongos HFD-O comparados com camundongos SC-O. Curiosamente, a expressão de RNAm de genes relacionados com a ?-oxidação, como a ACADVL CPT1 estavam diminuídos em camundongos HFD-O. Embora não observamos uma diferença nos níveis de HNF4? hepáticas, a expressão de miR -122 estava diminuída, e a expressão de miR-370 estava aumentada em HFD-O em comparação com camundongos SC-O. Alterações no metabolismo lipídico hepático foram acompanhados pelo aumento da deposição de triglicerídes em camundongos HFD-O. Em conjunto, os nossos resultados sugerem fortemente que o consumo materno de HFD afeta precocemente o metabolismo lipídico da prole de camundongos através da modulação da expressão de genes e miRNAs relacionados com a ?-oxidação hepática e que podem contribuir para as alterações metabólicas na vida adulta
Abstract: Maternal consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation is closely related to liver lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and increased serum cytokines in offspring and into adulthood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in cholesterol biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism. We evaluated the modulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis (de novo), beta-oxidation pathways and miR-122 and miR-370 expression in recently weaned offspring (d28) of mice dams fed HFD (group HFD-O) or standard chow (group SC-O) during pregnancy and lactation. Compared with SC-O mice, HFD-O mice weighed more, had a larger adipose tissue mass and were more intolerant to glucose and insulin. HFD-O mice also presented more serum cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and hepatic IKK and JNK phosphorylation compared with SC-O mice. Protein levels of FAS, ACC and HMGCR were similar in HFD-O and SC-O mice, whereas SCD1 mRNA and protein were more abundant in HFD-O mice compared with SC-O mice. Interestingly, mRNA expression of ?-oxidation-related genes ACADVL and CPT1 was decreased in HFD-O mice. Although we did not observe a difference in hepatic HNF4? levels, the expression of miR-122 was reduced but that of miR-370 was increased in HFD-O mice compared with that in SC-O mice. Changes in hepatic lipid metabolism were accompanied by increased triglyceride deposition in HFD-O mice. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that maternal consumption of HFD affects the early lipid metabolism of offspring by modulating the expression of hepatic ?-oxidation-related genes and miRNAs that can contribute to metabolic disturbances in adult life
Mestrado
Metabolismo e Biologia Molecular
Mestra em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo
de, Miguel Pastor Cristina. "Lípidos de la dieta y cáncer de mama experimental: efectos sobre el estrés oxidativo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399983.
Full textBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among women all over the world. Besides the genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors, there are epidemiologic and experimental evidences that nutritional and environment factors have a role in the etiology and the development of this cancer. The dietary lipids are directly related with cancer, mainly breast cancer. Previous results have demonstrated that high corn oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6, and the high extra virgin olive oil diets, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) n-9 and several bioactive compounds, in the experimental breast cancer, resulting in a stimulating and a potentially protective effect, respectively. These diets mostly acted on the carcinogenesis promotion stage, but there are evidences of their action on the initiation stage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these lipids could exert their modulatory effects through changes on the oxidative stress state in the organism at different levels: in the healthy animal, in the carcinogenesis initiation stage and in the tumor-bearing adult animal. Results proceed from and experimental series, developed in the breast cancer model induced in the Sprague-Dawley rat with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The antioxidant enzymatic defense was studied through CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX4 and GR expression on the liver and mammary gland, and the non-enzymatic defense through total GSH, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSHtotal and GSH/GSSG glutathione parameters in plasma. Furthermore, plasmatic oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, and DNA damage in the mammary gland though 8-OHdG levels and reparation OGG and PARP reparation damage enzymes were determined. Results showed that, high fat diets increased oxidative levels comparing with the control diet. The high corn oil diet showed a higher effect, both in healthy and especially in the carcinogenesis initiation stage. This was in accordance with an earlier tumor appearance and higher tumor content due to the high corn oil diet. On the other hand, the high extra virgin olive oil diet showed a weak stimulatory c effect which was associated with intermediate oxidative stress levels in serum and liver between the high corn oil and control diets, both in healthy and initiated animals. In the initiated mammary gland, dietary lipids exerted their effects on the oxidative stress parameters through specific mechanisms. Finally, once cancer disease was established, dietary lipids exerted a much lower effect.
Vinagre, Juliana Christiano de Matos. "Efeitos da dieta vegetariana no metabolismo de quilomícrons e aspectos qualitativos da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-21122010-120737/.
Full textVegetarian diets provide less caloric content, low levels of saturated fats, cholesterol and animal protein while providing at the same time providing high levels of polyunsaturated fats, carbohydrates, fibers, magnesium, borium, folate and antioxidants. All these nutrients have an influence upon the cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemias. Studies have shown that total cholesterol plasmatic levels, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides in vegetarian individuals are lower when compared to omnivores individuals. Chylomicron metabolism (Qm) and its lipoprotein lipase degradation products, the remnants, lipoproteins that transport dietary lipids in the blood has not yet been evaluated, although it is related to atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the plasmatic kinetics of artificial chylomicrons marked with triglycerides (3HTG) and cholesterol esters (14C-CE), as well as the qualitative aspects of HDL in 13 ovolacto-vegetarians (no ingestion of meat, chicken or fish), 10 vegan individuals (no ingestion of any food of animal origin) for more than 5 years and 14 omnivores individuals (ingestion of animal origin foods). All participants were normolipidemic, non diabetic and using no hypolipemiants medication. After an intravenous injection containing artificial Qms, blood samples were collected during 60 minutes at predetermined times. The radioactivity of each sample was measured and the fractional clearance rate (FCR) calculated for the radioactive lipids using compartmental analysis. Biochemical determinations were undertaken in order to calculate the post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity in vitro. Also evaluated were the lipid transfer of the lipid nanoemulsion to the HDL and the diameter of the HDL particles. The plasma removal of the chylomicron remnants evaluated by the fractional clearance rate of the cholesteryl ester of the emulsion was greater in the vegan (p<0,05) and ovolacto-vegetarian (p<0,05) groups when compared to the omnivore group. The lipolysis of the chylomicron evaluated by the fractional clearance rate of the emulsion triglycerides and by the in vitro lipoprotein lipase activity assay was similar in the three studied groups. There were no differences in the plasma concentrations of HDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides between the three groups. The plasma concentrations of LDL-C and glucose of the vegan group were lower than omnivore group (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In regards to total cholesterol, vegans present lower levels when compared to both ovolactovegetarians (p<0.05) and omnivores (p<0.01). No difference was found in the transfer of nanoemulsion lipids to HDL or in the size of the HDL of all three groups. These results suggest that the vegetarian diet can improve the metabolism of chylomicron remnants, atherogenic lipoproteins, which can be related to the beneficial effects of this diet upon the atherosclerosis process.
Andrade, Fábia de Oliveira. "Nutrição e origem desenvolvimentista do câncer de mama: consumo de ração com alto teor de gordura animal por ratas durante a gestação/lactação e suscetibilidade da prole feminina à carcinogênese mamária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-27052015-121330/.
Full textThe present study investigated whether early life exposure to high levels of animal fat changes breast cancer risk in adulthood in rats. Dams consumed a lard-based high-fat (HF) diet (60% fat-derived energy) or an AIN93G control diet (16% fat-derived energy) during gestation or gestation and lactation. Their 7-week-old female offspring were exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to induce mammary tumors. Compared to the control offspring, significantly lower susceptibility to mammary cancer development was observed in the offspring of dams fed on HF diet during gestation (lower tumor incidence, multiplicity and weight), or gestation and lactation (lower tumor multiplicity only). Mammary epithelial elongation, cell proliferation (Ki67), and expression of NFkB p65 were significantly lower, and p21 expression and global H3K9me3 levels were higher in the mammary glands of rats exposed to HF lard diet in utero. They also tended to have lower Rank/Rankl ratios (p=0.09) and serum progesterone levels (p=0.07) than control offspring. In the mammary glands of offspring of dams consuming the HF diet during both gestation and lactation, the number of terminal end buds, epithelial elongation and the BCL-2/BAX ratio were significantly lower, and serum leptin levels were higher than in the controls. Lipidomic analysis on mammary glands showed that exposure to a lard-based HF diet only during gestation had little effects on fatty acids profile on offspring, whereas this exposure during gestation and lactation promoted significant changes on the offspring\'s mammary glands. In general, it decreased SFA (except for stearic acid) and increased n-6 PUFA, MUFA and CLA concentrations in mammary gland. According to Differential dependency network (DDN), analysis of genes differently expressed by microarray, exposure to HF diet during early life changes the transcriptional network of the mammary gland in adulthood. Specifically, rats exposed to HF diet only during the fetal period showed increased expression of Hrh1 e Repin1 compared to the control. The offspring exposed to the HF diet in utero and nursing had higher and lower expression of Stra6 and Tlr1, respectively, compared to the control and lower expression of Crkrs compared to the offspring exposed only in utero. Our data confirm that the breast cancer risk of offspring can be programmed by maternal dietary intake. However, contrary to our expectation, exposure to high levels of lard during early life decreased later susceptibility to breast cancer. The mechanisms involve modulation of mammary gland\'s morphology and lipid profile, decrease of cell proliferation and increase of cell cycle regulators, modulation of epigenetics marks as H3K9me3, modulation of global gene expression with alteration of transcriptional network and RANK/RANKL/NFκB pathway. However, these mechanisms are dependent on the duration and period of exposure.
Lima, Erico da Silva [UNESP]. "Desempenho produtivo e qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore recebendo fontes de lipídio na dieta." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104160.
Full textObjetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o efeito da inclusão de fontes lipídicas dentre as quais o caroço de algodão e lipídio protegido em dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar, milho, polpa cítrica, farelo de algodão e uréia, sobre o desempenho animal, rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ), área de olho-de-lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura de cobertura (EGC) e pH post-mortem da carne de bovinos Nelore, em terminação, durante os meses de agosto a outubro de 2009. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: Ração com 2,50 % de caroço de algodão (dieta controle), ração com 11,50 % de caroço de algodão e outra com 3,13% de caroço do algodão acrescida de lipídio protegido, com base na matéria seca. A relação volumoso: concentrado da dieta foi 50:50. Foram utilizados 39 bovinos machos não-castrados com peso vivo médio inicial de 494,05 kg e 36 meses de idade, os quais permaneceram por 63 dias confinados em baias com 13 animais. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 tratamentos e 13 repetições. O acréscimo das fontes lipídicas testadas no presente estudo não afetaram o peso vivo final, ganho de peso médio diário, RCQ, AOL, EGC e pH post-mortem da carne dos animais. Concluiu-se que a adição de LP na dieta interferiu de forma negativa no ganho de peso e nas características da carcaça, sendo que o mesmo ocorreu nos tratamentos que receberam somente CA, como fonte de gordura
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the inclusion of lipid sources (whole cottonseed and protected fatin diets containing sugar cane, corn, citrus pulp, cottonseed meal,and urea), on animal performance, hot carcass dressing (HCD), ribeye area (RA), fat thickness (FT),and post-mortempH of meat ofNellore cattle duringfinishing, which was carried out from August to October 2009.The treatments evaluated were: ration with 2.50% of cottonseed (control diet); ration with 11.50% of cottonseed; and ration with 3.13% cottonseed added of protected lipid, all on a dry matter basis. The roughage:concentrate ratioof the diet was 50:50. Thirty nine intact animalswith average initial body weight of 494.05 kg and 36 months of age were housed during 63 days in pens with thirteen animals each. A completely randomized design with three treatments and thirteen replications was used. The addition of lipid sources tested in this study did notaffect final live weight, average daily weight gain, HCD, RA, FT,and meat pH.It was concluded that theaddition of protected lipids in the diet negatively interfered with weight gain and carcass characteristics, and the same ocorred in the treatments that only received cottonseed as the lipid source
Carvalho, Vanessa Cibelle Barboza de. "Efeito do hipotireoidismo gestacional experimental associado à dieta hiperlipídica no metabolismo e no comportamento ingestivo da prole de ratas." Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3975.
Full textO hipotireoidismo gestacional apresenta considerável prevalência e já está devidamente documentado que a carência de hormônios tireoideanos durante a gestação gera repercussão na maturação dos sistemas fisiológicos de controle durante a vida pós-natal. Da mesma forma, inúmeras evidências apontam que o aporte nutricional inadequado durante a vida intrauterina, dependente do hábito alimentar materno, afeta o funcionamento orgânico na vida pós-natal. Assim, acredita-se que quantidade insuficiente dos hormônios tireoideanos durante a vida intrauterina associado ao estado nutricional inadequado das mães durante a gestação pode predispor, de modo particular, ao surgimento de diversas desordens neuroendócrinas, metabólicas e comportamentais ao longo da vida pós-natal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os aspectos metabólicos e o comportamento ingestivo da prole de ratas induzidas ao hipotireoidismo associado à dieta hiperlipídica durante a gestação. A partir do 3º dia de gestação (DG) as ratas prenhas receberam dieta hiperlipídica e, a partir do 9º DG, iniciou-se, também, a indução do hipotireoidismo gestacional experimental (HGE) adicionando metimazol 0,02% na água de beber. Tanto a dieta quanto a indução ao hipotireoidismo foram interrompidos no dia do parto. Nas ratas prenhas foi realizado o acompanhamento da massa corporal e da ingestão alimentar do 3º DG ao 20º DG. Na prole foram avaliados a massa corporal e o comprimento da cauda, semanalmente, do 1º dia pós-natal (DPN) aos 120º DPN e, aos 60 PDN, realizaram-se o teste de tolerância à insulina (TTI), o teste de tolerância à glicose (TTG), dosagens bioquímicas e o peso relativo dos órgãos, em ambos os sexos. Além disso, foram investigados o comportamento ingestivo de ração, água e NaCl 0,3 M somente nos machos da prole aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 DPN. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA de duas ou três vias, e em seguida ao pós-teste de Bonferroni. Os machos da prole de ratas submetidas à associação do hipotireoidismo com a dieta hiperlipídica (PRH + DH) maior hematócrito e maiores concentrações de triglicérides, colesterol e ureia quando comparados aos machos da prole de ratas hipotireoideanas com dieta controle (PRH + DC). As fêmeas da PRH + DH apresentaram maior sensibilidade à glicose, aos 30 minutos, no teste de tolerância à glicose, quando comparadas as fêmeas da PRH + DC (p<0,05) e as fêmeas da prole de ratas eutireoideanas com dieta hiperlipídica (PRE + DH) (p<0,01), entretanto não foram encontradas diferenças, nas fêmeas dos grupos estudados, na glicemia de jejum e no teste de tolerância à insulina. O HGE associado à dieta hiperlipídica, exclusivamente durante a gestação, está associado a déficit no desenvolvimento corporal e dislipidemia na vida pós-natal dos machos dessa prole, enquanto as fêmeas apresentam maior sensibilidade à glicose. Assim, esses dados mostram, pela primeira vez, que a associação do HGE com a dieta hiperlipídica promove alteração no perfil metabólico da prole e demonstra que alterações no ambiente intrauterino pode ser a causa de diversas doenças metabólicas que, atualmente, não apresentam uma causa definida.
Ferreira, Rosemary. "Efeito do estresse cronico e de dieta hipercalorica sobre o peso corporal e metabolismo de ratos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288842.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T11:03:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_Rosemary_D.pdf: 4468309 bytes, checksum: 4151f29eef29815c27966c2cad3cc336 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O estresse crônico é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas e tem sido relacionado ao desenvolvimento de distúrbios alimentares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito, a longo prazo, do estresse crônico moderado e imprevisível (ECMI) e da ingestão de dieta hipercalórica (DH) sobre o peso corporal e metabolismo de ratos. No capítulo 1, foi avaliado o efeito da associação entre ECMI e DH sobre o peso corporal, adiposidade, teste de tolerância à glicose (TTG) e perfil lipídico de ratos Sprague-Dawley, divididos em 4 grupos: dieta padrão (DP), dieta padrão+ECMI (DPE), DH e DH+ECMI (DHE), analisados durante sete semanas. Duas semanas após a aplicação do ECMI, os grupos DPE e DHE apresentaram aumento significativo na concentração plasmática de corticosterona que os grupos DP (2,09±0,41 vs. 19,42±2,85ng/mL) e DH (3,34±0,66 vs. 18,72±3,18ng/mL), respectivamente. Os grupos DH e DHE apresentaram aumento significativo no peso corporal final que os grupos DP (435±3 vs 463±8g) e DPE (425±5 vs 444±8g), respectivamente. O estresse induziu redução significativa no ganho de peso e na ingestão alimentar, na primeira semana do protocolo de ECMI. Os grupos ECMI e DH apresentaram aumentos significativos nas concentrações plasmáticas (mmol/L) de colesterol total (DP: 1,44±0,05; DPE: 1,54±0,05; DH: 1,53±0,09; DHE: 1,88±0,08), triglicerídeos (DP: 1,41±0,09; DPE: 1,75±0,16; DH: 1,67±0,13; DHE: 2,42±0,28) e LDL (DP: 0,46±0,06; DPE: 0,73±0,08; DH: 0,77±0,08; DHE: 0,87±0,10). No TTG, os grupos DPE e DHE apresentaram área sob a curva significantemente maior comparado aos grupos DP (13549±387 vs. 14267±344) e DH (15852±270 vs. 16476±559mg x min./dL), respectivamente. No capítulo 2 avaliamos a relação entre redução do ganho de peso corporal induzida pelo ECMI e os períodos de restrição alimentar do protocolo de estresse. Ratos Sprague- Dawley (2 meses de idade) foram divididos em três grupos: Controle, ECMI e Alimentação-Pareada (AP: alimentados com a mesma quantidade de ração ingerida pelo grupo ECMI). Os grupos ECMI e AP apresentaram redução significativa de 12 e 15% na ingestão alimentar durante o protocolo de ECMI, comparado ao controle. Imediatamente após o ECMI, ratos estressados e AP apresentaram redução significativa de 6 e 10% no peso corporal e de 19 e 14% na gordura epididimal, respectivamente, comparados ao grupo controle. O grupo AP, mas não o grupo ECMI, apresentou redução nas gorduras mesentérica (41%), inguinal (28%) e perirrenal (40%), menor proporção gordura total/peso corporal final (0,02±0,001 vs. 0,03±0,001) e menor porcentagem de gordura na carcaça (3,39±0,44 vs. 6,29±0,51%) comparado ao controle, sem diferença entre controle e ECMI. O efeito redutor do ECMI sobre o peso corporal não pode ser totalmente explicado pela restrição alimentar durante o estresse. A longo prazo, o ECMI e o tratamento com dieta hipercalórica têm efeitos semelhantes sobre a dislipidemia em ratos. Tais efeitos são potencializados quando combinados. O efeito redutor no peso corporal, promovido pelo ECMI, sofre influência da dieta empregada, e é revertido após o estresse.
Abstract: Chronic stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and has been associated to development of eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of chronic mild and unpredictable stress (CMS) and hypercaloric diet (HD) on body weight and metabolism of rats. In Chapter 1, we studied the effect of the association of CMS and HD, fifteen days after the end of CMS on body weight, adiposity, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and lipid profile of Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups: standard diet (SD), SD + CMS (CMS), hypercaloric diet (HD) and HD + CMS, evaluated during seven weeks. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (P<0.05). Two weeks after the end of CMS, both the groups SD+CMS (2,09±0,41 vs. 19,42±2,85ng/mL) and HD + CMS (3.34±0.66 vs 18.72±3.18ng/mL) had higher plasmatic corticosterone concentration than SD groups and HD, respectively. The groups HD and HD + CMS had higher final body weight that SD groups (435±3 vs 463±8g) and SD+CMS (425±5 vs 444±8g), respectively. CMS induced lower body weight gain and lower food intake only in the first week of CMS protocol. The SD+CMS and HD groups showed increased plasma concentrations (mmol/L) of total cholesterol (SD: 1.44±0.05; SD+CMS: 1.54±0.05; HD: 1.53±0.09, HD+CMS: 1.88±0,08), triglycerides (SD: 1.41±0.09; SD+CMS: 1.75±0.16, HD: 1.67±0.13; HD+CMS: 2.42±0.28) and LDL (DC: 0.46±0.06; SD+CMS: 0.73±0.08; HD: 0.77±0.08; HD+CMS: 0.87±0.10). SD+CMS and HD+CMS groups had higher area under the curve of the OGTT than SD groups (13,549±387 vs. 14267±344 mg x min/dL) and HD (16476±559 vs. 15,852±270 mg x min/dL), respectively. In Chapter 2, we investigated the association between CMS-induced body weight loss and food restriction, utilized in the protocol of stress. Sprague-Dawley rats (2 months old) were divided into three groups: Control, CMS and pair-fed (PF: the rats were fed with the same amount of food as the CMS group ate voluntarily during the corresponding period of stress protocol). The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA (P<0.05). CMS and PF groups showed reduction of 12 and 15% in food intake during the protocol of CMS, compared to control. After CMS, PF and stressed rats showed a reduction of 6 and 10% in the final body weight and had reduction of 19 and 14% in epididymal fat compared to the control group, respectively. The PF group, but not the group CMS, showed lower mesenteric (41%), inguinal (28%) and perirenal (40%) fat mass, lower total fat / final body weight (0.02±0001 vs. 0,03±0001) and lower percentage of fat in the carcass analysis (3.39±0.44 vs. 6.29±0.51%) compared to the control, without difference between control and CMS. The lower body weight of CMS cannot be fully explained by food restriction during the stress. The CMS and hypercaloric diet did have similar long-term effects on dyslipidemia in rats. These effects are enhanced when combined. The reduction in body weight promoted by CMS is influenced by diet employed, and is reversed after the stress.
Doutorado
Fisiologia Oral
Doutor em Odontologia
Ribeiro, Juliana Rocha. "Avaliação dos edeitos de Bidens pilosa L., Brassica campestris L. e sua associação sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113948.
Full textBanca: Samara Eberlin
Banca: Ana Angélica Henrique Fernandes
Resumo: A obesidade é um relevante desafio à saúde publica mundial visto que alcançou proporções pandêmicas como observado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, estando associada ao aumento no risco de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, complicações cardiovasculares, aterosclerose e dislipidemias. A obesidade ainda não possui cura e é uma doença inflamatória crônica que requer tratamento a longo prazo. Devido ao aumento na incidência mundial da obesidade, aos poucos fármacos disponíveis para tratamento da mesma, os quais possuem efeitos colaterais, a busca por novas alternativas terapêuticas se faz necessária. Considerando que produtos naturais são uma importante estratégia ao tratamento da obesidade selecionamos produtos padronizados das espécies Bidens pilosa L. (picão preto) e Brassica campestris L. (canola) para o presente projeto, cujos objetivos foram a padronização de um modelo de indução da obesidade por dieta hipercalórica e a investigação das ações isoladas e associadas dos produtos acima no tratamento desta doença. A obesidade foi induzida por dieta hipercalórica em dois modelos animais (camundongos e ratos). Após o período de indução os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos experimentais: branco, controle, pair-feeding e animais tratados com B. pilosa, B. campestris e associação entre B. pilosa e B. campestris. O peso corpóreo e a ingesta alimentar foram mensurados em ambos os modelos. Ao término das três semanas de tratamento coletamos amostras do soro para a mensuração de parâmetros bioquímicos. Nos camundongos, mesuramos a proteína C reativa e a leptina. Nos ratos a glicose, leptina, proteína C reativa, β-endorfina, hormônio de crescimento, triacilglicerol, VLDL, LDL, HDL e colesterol total. Além do mais, nos ratos avaliamos parâmetros morfométricos como IMC, índice de Lee, circunferências abdominal e torácica. Após a indução da obesidade, os camundongos apresentaram ...
Abstract: Obesity is a worldwide major public health challenge with pandemic proportions as noted by World Health Organization. This disease is associated with increased risk of type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular complications, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, neurodegenerative and cancer. There is no cure for obesity and it is a chronic inflammatory disease that requires long term treatment. Since increased estimations of worldwide obesity incidence, few available drugs with serious side effects, new strategies to treat obesity are necessary. Based on this, we selected standard plant products from Bidens pilosa L. (black jack) and Brassica campestris L. (canola). The aims of this study were standardizing a model of obesity induction using a high-fat diet for rodents (rats and mice) and investigate isolated and associated products in the treatment of this disease. Obesity was induced by high-fat diet using two animal models (mice and rats). After the obesity induction period, the obese animals were randomly divided experimental groups: non-obese, control, pair-feeding, B. pilosa, B. campestris and B. pilosa/B. campestris. The body weight and food intake were measured daily in both models in the two experimental steps. At the end of the three weeks of treatment, serum was collected for biochemical assays. In mice, the evaluated parameters were C-reactive protein and leptin. In rats, the evaluated parameters were glucose, leptin, C-reactive protein, β-endorphin, growth hormone, triacylglycerol, VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C and total cholesterol. Moreover, in the rat model, it was possible to measure morphometric parameters such as body mass index, Lee index, thoracic and abdominal circumferences. After obesity induction mice showed a weight gain over 40%, classifying it with severe obesity and rats showed a weight gain of 10%, classifying it with moderated obesity. Mice treated with B. pilosa and B. campestris were not capable to reduce body weight; however ...
Mestre
Silveira, Simone da Luz. "Programação metabólica : estudo de parâmetros indicadores de resistência à insulina e espécies reativas de oxigênio em ratos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/21426.
Full textFetal or perinatal undernutrition programmes risk of later metabolic disorders. Posnatal factores modify the programmed phenotype. To verify the effects of a high fat diet (50% fat) on the postweaning offspring of dams of rats that were submitted to malnutrition while gestation and lactation periods, under parameters of insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative stress (EO). We used a model of malnutrition composed of 7 % of protein for the experimental groups, with an isocaloric diet administer to the control group (25% protein). The experimental design was based on 4 groups: (DG) undernourished on the gestation (7% of protein and 10 % of fat), DL undernourished on the suckling (7% of protein and 10 % of fat), N/H diet control during gestation and lactation (25% of protein and 10 % of fat), Ccontrol (25% of protein 10 % of fat and 65% of carbohydrate over the 4 months treatment). The offspring of dams fed a low protein diet (LP) during pregnancy and then allowed to catch up by having the nursing dams fed a control (C). The DL group dams received a control diet until the delivery and during the suckling period it was changed by a low protein diet. The groups, except for the C group received, when their test period ended, a high fat (50% fat. In an attempt to evaluate IR and EROs parameters the body weight, the glucose tolerance test, biochemical parameters, body parameters, lipid peroxidation, the hepatic PEPECK’s activity were runned, just like EO parameters of liver and brain cortex. The results were expressed relatively to C. Addressing the total body weight, there were no difference between the groups, however, comparing the weight of adipose visceral e epididymal tissues, we found significant changes among DG and DL groups. On the GTT, the DG group has shown significant raising in the glycemia basal, just like occurred with the DG and DL groups in 60 minutes. Moreover, there was hyperinsulinemia on the DG group. The plasma and hepatic triglycerides of the working groups, just like its cholesterol hepatic suffered a significant increasing of the statistics scales. There were also differences in the cholesterol plasma between all the groups, showing a most stressed relationship when it comes to the DL and DG. The same occurred when the EO was assessed. The results show that the protein restriction during pregnancy or lactation leads to RI and EO, being this effect amplified by a high fat diet after the suckling period, assuring the importance of the intrauterine conditions and those concerning the quality of the postnatal diet all related to the origin of chronic diseases.
Souza, Danilo Ferreira de [UNESP]. "Soja crua em dietas extrusadas para gatos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95239.
Full textNutricionistas, em busca de novas alternativas viáveis e de baixo custo como fonte de proteína e energia, têm utilizado ingredientes de origem vegetal como a soja crua em suas formulações. Em um primeiro estudo avaliou-se a soja crua em alimentos extrusados para gatos, bem como o efeito do processo de extrusão sobre a inativação de seus fatores antinutricionais. Em outro estudo avaliou-se o processo sobre a formação de complexos amido-lipídeos e sua influência na digestibilidade da gordura. O primeiro ensaio seguiu delineamento em blocos casualizados, composto por três blocos de oito animais, quatro tratamentos e seis repetições por tratamento. Foram formuladas três dietas experimentais: a primeira teve apenas farinha de vísceras de frango (FVF) como fonte proteica, a segunda conteve farelo de soja (FS), e a terceira utilizou a soja crua, que foi desdobrada em dois tratamentos com processo de extrusão à temperatura de 115°C (SC115) e à 135°C (SC135). O segundo ensaio seguiu um delineamento inteiramente casualizado composto por três tratamentos e seis repetições por dieta. A dieta FS do primeiro ensaio foi utilizada para compor três dietas em que se adicionou 0, 3,72% e 7,44% de óleo degomado de soja: FSSO – controle, sem óleo na massa; FSMO - com 3,72%; e FSTO - com 7,44% de óleo na massa. Em ambos os experimentos, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e a energia metabolizável não diferiram entre as dietas (p>0,05), exceto os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da gordura, que foram menores para as rações SC115 e SC135 (83,6 e 82,9%) quando comparado às demais dietas. Menores valores de amônia fecal (p<0,05) e tendência de maior ácido láctico das mesmas (p=0,053) foram encontrados nas fezes dos animais que receberam as dietas com soja. Não houve influência da inclusão da soja crua nos teores da uréia sérica pós-prandial (p>0,05)...
Nutritionists searching for viable and low-cost alternatives sources of protein and energy, have used vegetable ingredients like raw soybean in their formulations. In the first chapter the raw soybean ingredient in extruded cat foods was evaluated, as well as the effect of the extrusion process on the inactivation of its antinutritional factors. In the other chapter the process on the starch-lipid complexes formation and their influence on the fat digestibility were evaluated. The first experiment was carried on with a randomized block design consisting of three blocks of eight animals, four treatments and six replicates per treatment. Three experimental diets were formulated: the first had only poultry by-product meal as protein source (PM), the second one contained soybean meal (SBM), and the third used the raw soybean, which was divided in two treatments with the extrusion process at temperature of 115°C (RS115) and at 135°C (RS 135). In the second assey a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments and six replications per diet was conducted. The SBM diet of the first experiment was used to compose three diets that was added 0%, 3.72% and 7.44% of degummed soybean oil: SBMWO – control without oil in the dough; SBMHO - with 3.72%; and SBMAO - with 7.44% oil in the dough. In both experiments, nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy did not differ between diets (p>0.05), except for fat apparent digestibility, which was lower for RS115 and RS135 (83.6% and 82.9%) when compared to the other diets. Smaller amounts of ammonia faeces (p<0.05) and a tendency towards greater lactic acid thereof (p=0.053) were found in the feces of the animals fed soya diets. There was no influence of including raw soybean in the levels of postprandial serum urea (p>0.05). Diets containing raw soybeans had higher densities and lower rates of starch gelatinization... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Ribeiro, Juliana Rocha [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos edeitos de Bidens pilosa L., Brassica campestris L. e sua associação sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113948.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A obesidade é um relevante desafio à saúde publica mundial visto que alcançou proporções pandêmicas como observado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, estando associada ao aumento no risco de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, complicações cardiovasculares, aterosclerose e dislipidemias. A obesidade ainda não possui cura e é uma doença inflamatória crônica que requer tratamento a longo prazo. Devido ao aumento na incidência mundial da obesidade, aos poucos fármacos disponíveis para tratamento da mesma, os quais possuem efeitos colaterais, a busca por novas alternativas terapêuticas se faz necessária. Considerando que produtos naturais são uma importante estratégia ao tratamento da obesidade selecionamos produtos padronizados das espécies Bidens pilosa L. (picão preto) e Brassica campestris L. (canola) para o presente projeto, cujos objetivos foram a padronização de um modelo de indução da obesidade por dieta hipercalórica e a investigação das ações isoladas e associadas dos produtos acima no tratamento desta doença. A obesidade foi induzida por dieta hipercalórica em dois modelos animais (camundongos e ratos). Após o período de indução os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos experimentais: branco, controle, pair-feeding e animais tratados com B. pilosa, B. campestris e associação entre B. pilosa e B. campestris. O peso corpóreo e a ingesta alimentar foram mensurados em ambos os modelos. Ao término das três semanas de tratamento coletamos amostras do soro para a mensuração de parâmetros bioquímicos. Nos camundongos, mesuramos a proteína C reativa e a leptina. Nos ratos a glicose, leptina, proteína C reativa, β-endorfina, hormônio de crescimento, triacilglicerol, VLDL, LDL, HDL e colesterol total. Além do mais, nos ratos avaliamos parâmetros morfométricos como IMC, índice de Lee, circunferências abdominal e torácica. Após a indução da obesidade, os camundongos apresentaram ...
Obesity is a worldwide major public health challenge with pandemic proportions as noted by World Health Organization. This disease is associated with increased risk of type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular complications, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, neurodegenerative and cancer. There is no cure for obesity and it is a chronic inflammatory disease that requires long term treatment. Since increased estimations of worldwide obesity incidence, few available drugs with serious side effects, new strategies to treat obesity are necessary. Based on this, we selected standard plant products from Bidens pilosa L. (black jack) and Brassica campestris L. (canola). The aims of this study were standardizing a model of obesity induction using a high-fat diet for rodents (rats and mice) and investigate isolated and associated products in the treatment of this disease. Obesity was induced by high-fat diet using two animal models (mice and rats). After the obesity induction period, the obese animals were randomly divided experimental groups: non-obese, control, pair-feeding, B. pilosa, B. campestris and B. pilosa/B. campestris. The body weight and food intake were measured daily in both models in the two experimental steps. At the end of the three weeks of treatment, serum was collected for biochemical assays. In mice, the evaluated parameters were C-reactive protein and leptin. In rats, the evaluated parameters were glucose, leptin, C-reactive protein, β-endorphin, growth hormone, triacylglycerol, VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C and total cholesterol. Moreover, in the rat model, it was possible to measure morphometric parameters such as body mass index, Lee index, thoracic and abdominal circumferences. After obesity induction mice showed a weight gain over 40%, classifying it with severe obesity and rats showed a weight gain of 10%, classifying it with moderated obesity. Mice treated with B. pilosa and B. campestris were not capable to reduce body weight; however ...
FAPESP: 09/52471-1
Homem, Junior Antonio Carlos. "Grão de girassol ou gordura protegida na dieta com alto concentrado e o ganho compensatório para cordeiros /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99604.
Full textBanca: Alexandre amstalden Moraes Sampaio
Banca: Claudete Regina Alcade
Resumo: Foi estudada a inclusão de lipídios advindos dos grãos de girassol ou da gordura protegida em dietas com alto concentrado para cordeiros sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o balanço nitrogenado. Foram utilizados 12 cordeiros com peso médio de 25 kg distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), onde foram coletadas totalmente as excretas. A fermentação ruminal foi realizada utilizando seis ovinos, com peso médio de 30 kg, canulados no rúmen, distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo com três dietas e três períodos, nos quais foram amostrados conteúdos e realizadas incubações ruminais para avaliação do pH, amônia, ácidos graxos voláteis,' massa microbiana e degradabilidade dos ingredientes. O desempenho em confinamento com ganho compensatório foi realizado utilizando 36 cordeiros, com peso médio de 18 kg, distribuídos num DIC em esquema fatorial 3 dietas e 2 manejos de alimentação. Não foram observados efeitos da dieta sobre a digestibilidade da matéria seca (67,3%), proteína bruta (72,1%) carboidratos totais (60,9%) e carboidratos não fibrosos (93,7%), assim como para o balanço nitrogenado, apresentando valores médios 36,1 g/dia para ingestão, de 17,5 g/dia para retenção e relação retido/absorvido de 66,9%. Não houve diferenças entre as dietas para a concentração ruminal de amônia (18 mg/dL), pH (6,1), produção total (98 mM), proporções molares de acetato (66,4%), propionato (20%) e butirato (13%) e para razão acetato: propionato... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: One evaluated the inclusion of lipids from either the sunflower grains or protected fat in high-concentrated diets for lambs on nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance. 12 lambs were used (average weight of 25 kg) in randomly assigned design, were totally collected excrete. The fermentation ruminal was accomplished using six sheep (average weight of 30 kg) with fistula in the rumen, distributed in double Latin Square design with three diets and three periods, were sample contents and ruminal incubations for evaluation of pH, ammonia, short chain fat acids, microbial mass .and ingredients degradability. The performance in feedlot with compensatory gain was achieve using 36 lambs (average weight of 18 kg), were randomly assigned in factorial scheme (3 diets X 2 feeding handlings). One could not associate any etfects of the diet with the dry matter digestibility (67.3%), crude protein digestibility (72.1 %), total carbohydrates (60.9%) and no fiber carbohydrate (93.7%), as well as for nitrogen balance, that results in an average nitrogen intake value of 36.1 g/day, retention value of 17.5 g/day and a 66.9% retained/absorbed relation. There were no significant differences among the diets for ruminal ammonium concentration (18 mg/dL), pH (6.1), total production short chain fat acids (98 mM), acetate molar proportion (66.4%), propionate (20%) and butyrate (13%) and neither for the acetate:propionate ratio (3.2: 1 ). During the initial feedlot period, the weight gain was superior (p<0.05) when the animais were fed the.sunflower grains ration (280 g/day) in relation when they were fed protected fat ration (208 g/day), no apparent difference (p>0.05) was detected in comparison to the control diet... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Consolo, Nara Regina Brandão. "Utilização do grão de soja cru integral na dieta de bovinos de corte confinados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-23032012-141438/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of whole raw soybean grain in the diet of beef cattle on consumption and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, ruminal fermentation, growth performance, microbial protein synthesis, carcass traits, meat quality, profile of fatty acids in meat, concentrations of blood parameters, excretion and composition of soybean in the faeces. Two experiments were conducted and in the first one were used 12 Nellore, castrated, cannulated in the rumen, grouped in three 4x4 Latin squares. In the second experiment were used 52 Nellore, not castrated, confined for 84 days in a completely randomized delineation. The diet used was the same for both experiments, consisting of four rations, with the forage / concentrate ratio of 60/40, which was composed of ground corn, soybean meal, whole raw soybean grain, nucleos and corn silage. The diets were: G0: control diet without the inclusion of soybean, G8, G16 and G24, with 8, 16 and 24% respectively of whole raw soybean grain in ration, in the dry matter. In the first experiment, fecal samples and remains were collected on the 11th, 12th and 13th day of experiment, blood and urine samples were collected and the body weight was analyzed. The digestibility was determined by an internal indicator iADF. In Experiment 2, every 28 days, the animals were weighed and blood samples were collected. The animals were slaughtered at 85 days and were weighed the liver (PFi) and hot carcass weight (HCW). Twenty-four hours after the slaughter, the pH was measured, likewise the carcass yield (CY). Deboning was evaluated in rib eye area (REA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) in the Longissimus muscle. Samples were taken from the Longissimus for determining the fatty acid profile in meat (PAG) in ether extract (EE), objective tenderness and sensorial in aged beef for 14 days. There was a reduction in the dry matter intake, organic matter, total carbohydrates and non-fibrous carbohydrates in animals fed with feed with ration G24. It was observed an increasing linear effect on the EE intake and a quadratic effect on crude protein. Also difference in the apparent digestibility of total carbohydrates and total EE. On ruminal fermentation, there was a linear decline in ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia concentration was higher for animals that received the control diet compared to diets with soybean, with a value greater short-chain fatty acids for the group control. The level of blood cholesterol increased linearly with the addition of grain and in the first experiment there was also increase of HDL cholesterol. For performance, attributes of carcass and measures of ultrasound effect were not observed according to the diet. There was a quadratic effect for shear force (FC), with higher value for the meat of animals that received 8% of the soybean. There was a slight improvement in lipid profile for animals receiving the grain and the inclusion in the sensory analysis of the grain at 24% of diet DM improved the texture of the meat. The use of different levels of whole raw soybean grain in the beef cattle diet changed the intake, digestibility, metabolism and meat quality characteristics.
Castro, Teresa Gontijo de. "Alteracoes do consumo alimentar e perfil de lipideos sericos de nipo-brasileiros de Bauru." Sao Paulo : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.fsp.usp.br/laudio/sons/teses/dr%5Ftereza/dr%5Ftereza%5Fresumo.wma.
Full textTomasi, Loreta Casquel de [UNESP]. "Influência da dieta hiperlipídica insaturada na regulação do metabolismo energético lipídico e na disfunção cardíaca de ratos com estenose aórtica supravalvar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151638.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-19T17:57:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tomasi_lc_dr_bot.pdf: 1729009 bytes, checksum: a58f06348f3ca04d50ce35f533fd920a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T17:57:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tomasi_lc_dr_bot.pdf: 1729009 bytes, checksum: a58f06348f3ca04d50ce35f533fd920a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Introdução: Embora existam contradições, de uma maneira geral, os dados da literatura mostram que em modelos experimentais de hipertrofia cardíaca por sobrecarga pressórica com disfunção ventricular e fração de ejeção preservada, o metabolismo de carboidratos e ácidos graxos está normal. Na fase em que há redução da capacidade de ejeção, com ou sem insuficiência cardíaca, ocorre um desvio para a programação fetal, aumento na utilização de glicose e diminuição na oxidação de ácidos graxos, por redução da expressão e atividade de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de lipídios. Não foram encontrados trabalhos que avaliaram o efeito de dieta hiperlipídica no metabolismo energético e função cardíaca após o estabelecimento da hipertrofia ventricular com disfunção diastólica isolada. Objetivo: Testar a hipótese de que o aumento na oferta de ácidos graxos insaturados, proveniente de dieta hiperlipídica, atenua a queda no metabolismo lipídico e a piora do desempenho cardíaco em ratos com hipertrofia ventricular e disfunção diastólica por sobrecarga pressórica. O mecanismo responsável seria o estímulo do PPARα pelos ácidos graxos, atenuando a queda na expressão de genes e proteínas envolvidas na regulação do metabolismo energético lipídico. Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos (80g) foram separados em dois grupos: controle operado (Sham) e estenose aórtica supravalvar (EAo). Após 6 semanas do procedimento cirúrgico, os animais Sham e EAo foram redistribuídos em novos grupos: tratados com dieta normolipídica insaturada (Sham-N, n=13 e EAo-N, n=11) ou com dieta hiperlipídica insaturada (Sham-H, n=12 e EAo-H, n=14) por 12 semanas, até a 18ª semana. A remodelação cardíaca foi caracterizada pelas análises estrutural e funcional por ecocardiograma na 6ª e 18ª semana e estudo macroscópico post mortem. O metabolismo energético lipídico cardíaco foi analisado pela expressão gênica e proteica do PPARα, PGC1α, FAT/CD36, CPT1β, MCAD, pela atividade da beta-hidroxiacilCoA desidrogenase (OHADH) e pelo conteúdo de triacilglicerol (TAG). Foi analisada a atividade da hexoquinase (HK) e da fosfofrutoquinase (PFK), envolvidas na via glicolítica, e da citrato sintase (CS), referente ao ciclo de Krebs. A expressão proteica da lactato desidrogenase (LDH), da piruvato desidrogenase (PDH) e dos sensores metabólicos, AMPK total, AMPK fosforilada na treonina 172 e SIRT1 foram também analisadas, bem como as relações intracelulares AMP/ATP e NAD+/NADH. Resultados: Na 6ª semana, ao iniciar o tratamento dietético, os animais EAo apresentavam hipertrofia ventricular esquerda concêntrica, disfunção diastólica e melhoria da função sistólica. Na 18ª semana os grupos EAo mantiveram a disfunção diastólica e melhoria do desempenho sistólico, ou seja, não houve piora da performance cardíaca durante o período experimental de 12 semanas. Não houve diferença na estrutura e função cardíaca entre os grupos EAo-N e EAo-H. Houve diminuição da expressão dos genes relacionados à captura e oxidação de lipídios (CD36, CPT1β, MCAD) nos grupos EAo em comparação com os Sham, e não houve diferença entre os grupos EAo. A atividade da hexoquinase e fosfofrutoquinase foi maior nos EAo comparado com os Sham, e foi semelhante entre EAo-N e EAo-H. A atividade da OHADH não foi diferente entre EAo-N e Sham-N e também não diferiu entre EAo-N e EAo-H. O conteúdo de TAG miocárdico foi menor no grupo EAo-N vs Sham-N e não foi diferente entre os grupos EAo. A expressão das proteínas PGC1α, PPARα, CPT1β, MCAD, LDH, PDH, dos sensores SIRT1, AMPK, pAMPK Thr172, e a relação NAD+/NADH não foram diferentes entre os quatro grupos. Conclusão: Em contraste com a nossa hipótese, durante a evolução da remodelação cardíaca, os animais com estenose aórtica apresentaram alteração parcial no metabolismo lipídico miocárdico e não tiveram piora da função cardíaca. A dieta hiperlipídica insaturada não teve efeito no processo metabólico e na função cardíaca desses animais. Os mecanismos no qual a dieta hiperlipídica não foi capaz estimular o PPARα nos animais com estenose aórtica são desconhecidos.
Introduction: Although controversial, in general, data from literature show that in experimental models with ventricular dysfunction and preserved ejection fraction, the carbohydrates and fatty acids metabolism is normal. At the stage of reduced ejection capacity, with or without heart failure, there is a switch for fetal programming, increased glucose utilization, and decrease in fatty acid oxidation due to downregulation of proteins involved in lipids uptake and oxidation. There are no studies that evaluated the effects of high-fat diet on energy metabolism and cardiac function after the establishment of ventricular hypertrophy with isolated diastolic dysfunction. Objective: To test the hypothesis that increased unsaturated fatty acid supply, from a high-fat diet, attenuate the downregulation of lipid metabolism and the impairment of cardiac function in rats with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction by stimulating genes and proteins involved in the regulation of lipid energy metabolism. Methods: Male Wistar rats (80g) underwent aortic stenosis (AS) or Sham surgery. After 6 weeks, rats received either normolipid diet (N, 17% calories from fat) or high-fat diet (H, 40% calories from fat) for 12 weeks yielding 4 groups: Sham-N (n=13), AS-N (n=11), Sham-H (n=12), AS-H (n=14). Cardiac structure and function was assessed by echocardiography at 6 and 18 weeks after surgery. Cardiac lipid energy metabolism was analyzed by gene and protein expression of PPARα, PGC1α, FAT/CD36, CPT1β, MCAD, the activity of beta-hydroxy-acyl CoA dehydrogenase (OHADH) and TAG content. We analysed the activities of hexokinase (HK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), involved in the glycolytic pathway, and citrate synthase (CS), from Krebs cycle. The protein expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and the metabolic sensors, total AMPK, AMPK phosphorylated on threonine 172 and SIRT1 were also evaluated, as well as the intracellular AMP/ATP and NAD+ /NADH ratios. Results: In the 6th week, prior to dietary treatment, the AS animals had left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and improved systolic function. In the 18th week, AS animals kept diastolic dysfunction and improved systolic function, that is, there was no worsening of cardiac performance. There was no difference in cardiac structure and function between the AS-N and AS-H groups. There was a decrease in the expression of genes related to lipid uptake and oxidation (CD36, CPT1β, MCAD) in the AS groups compared to the Sham, and there was no difference between the AS groups. The activity of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase was higher in AS compared to Sham, and was similar between AS-N and AS-H. The activity of OHADH was not different between AS-N and Sham-N and also did not differ between AS-N and AS-H. TAG content was reduced in AS-N vs Sham-N and was not different between AS groups. Expression of the proteins PGC1α, PPARα, CPT1β, MCAD, LDH, PDH, the sensors SIRT1, AMPK, pAMPK Thr172, and the NAD+ /NADH ratio were not different among the four groups. Conclusion: In contrast to our hypothesis, during the progression of cardiac remodeling, animals with aortic stenosis showed partial alterations in myocardial lipid metabolism and did not present worsening of cardiac function. The high-unsaturated fat diet had no effect on the metabolic process and cardiac function of these animals. The mechanisms in which the high-fat diet was unable to stimulate PPARα in animals with aortic stenosis is unknown.
FAPESP: 2012/19679-0
Buzelle, Samyra Lopes. "Metabolismo de ácidos graxos e glicerol no tecido adiposo branco de camundongos com resistência à insulina induzida pela dieta hiperlipídica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17131/tde-21072016-163652/.
Full textSwiss mice when subjected to high fat diet (HFD), shown considerable weight gain and adipose depots, becoming obese and insulin resistant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HFD diet for 8 weeks in the inflammatory profile, triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis with emphasis in glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) generation pathways and lipolysis in retroperitoneal (RETRO) and epididymal (EPI) white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice. Swiss mice were fed with diets: control (CT) - purified diet (AIN-93G); or HFD - purified diet (AIN-93G) plus 35% of fat (4% soybean oil and 31% of lard). Mice fed a HFD diet had a higher body mass, accompanied by an increase in RETRO and EPI tissues, in addition to developing insulin resistance, evidenced by glucose tolerance test (GTT), hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. The protein content of pAKT, accessed by western blot, and adiponectin, measured in WAT homogenates, are reduced only in EPI. There was an increase in gene expression of MCP-1 and PAI-1, and was observed smaller area of adipocytes in EPI, with no change in RETRO of HFD fed animals. De novo synthesis of fatty acids (FA), evaluated by incorporation of 3H from 3H2O in FA was higher in both TAB, but the uptake of FA, from blood lipoproteins, evaluated by the activity and expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was increased in EPI and reduced in RETRO. HFD induced increase in phosphorylation of glycerol, evaluated by the activity and content of glycerolkinase (GyK) which increased in both TAB and greater incorporation of 1-14C-glycerol in the TAG only in EPI. The in vitro glucose uptake and GLUT-4 content, which indicates the activity of the glycolytic pathway were reduced in EPI and RETRO, as well as glyceroneogenesis assessed by the incorporation of 1-14C- pyruvate into TAG without changes in the activity and contents of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The basal lipolytic activity was evaluated in vitro by glycerol releasing from isolated adipocytes, and was not altered by HFD intake, but when stimulated by noradrenaline glycerol release was lower in HFD animals as well as the phosphorylation of ATGL and HSL and ?3 adrenergic receptor content. HFD led to a reduction in the content of PPAR gamma and an increase in ATF3 in both tissues. In EPI there was an increase in pCREB, pSTAT3 and RGS2 while in RETRO the only difference was reduced pSTAT3. Our results shown that TAB increase is result of increased FA synthesis and uptake, and G3P required for esterification TAG comes mainly from direct phosphorylation of glycerol by GyK; Furthermore, reduced lipolysis also seems to contribute to this scenario. HFD effects seem to be more prominent in EPI than in RETRO
Oliveira, Joselaine de. "Efeitos do uso de farelo de acerola na dieta de frangos de corte sobre as características de qualidade da carne e do hambúrguer /." Araçatuba, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182567.
Full textResumo: A industrialização de frutas para a produção de sucos e polpas congeladas gera grande quantidade de resíduos contendo cascas e sementes que, se descartados de forma inadequada, promovem impacto ambiental negativo. Por outro lado, esses resíduos são fonte de fibras e compostos bioativos com atividade antioxidante e podem encontrar aplicação na alimentação animal, o que lhes confere a designação de coprodutos. Neste estudo, compararam-se as características físicas, químicas e sensoriais de hambúrguer e de carne de frangos de corte alimentados com e sem farelo de acerola (FAC) na ração. Quatro dietas experimentais isoenergéticas e isoproteicas foram utilizadas na criação de 200 pintos machos de um dia de idade da linhagem Cobb 500: controle negativo (CN) - sem antioxidante, controle positivo (CP) - com antioxidande, e duas dietas sem antioxidante e com 5% ou 7,5% de FAC. A criação das aves foi de 42 dias e foram realizadas cinco repetições de cada tratamento (10 aves/box). A carne foi analisada em relação a características químicas e sensoriais e utilizada para a elaboração de hambúrgueres, que levaram farinha de aveia e temperos como ingredientes. A carne do peito dos animais foi utilizada para a elaboração de hambúrgueres, que foram analisados em relação às características físicas, químicas e sensoriais. Os dados de composição bromatológica, ácidos graxos, colesterol, peroxidação lipídica e as características físicas foram analisados por análise de variância e as médias foram ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The industrialization of fruit for the production of frozen juices and pulps generates large amount of residues containing shells and seeds that, if discarded of inadequate form, promote negative environmental impact. On the other hand, these residues are a source of fibers and bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity and may find application in animal feed, which gives them the designation of co-products. In this study, the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of burger and meat of broilers fed with and without acerola meal (FAC) in the diet were compared. Four experimental isoenergetic and isoprotein diets were used in the creation of 200 day old male chicks of the Cobb 500 line: negative control (CN) - without antioxidant, positive control (CP) - with antioxidande, and two diets without antioxidant and with 5 % or 7.5% FAC. The birds were reared for 42 days and five replicates of each treatment (10 birds / box) were performed. Meat was analyzed for chemical and sensory characteristics and used for the preparation of hamburgers, which took oatmeal and seasonings as ingredients. The meat of the breast of the animals was used for the elaboration of hamburgers, that were analyzed in relation to the physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics. The data of bromatological composition, fatty acids, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation and physical characteristics were analyzed by analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test. The level of sign... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Tamašauskaitė, Ugnė. "Sumažinto kaloringumo dietos poveikis kai kuriems kūno kompozicijos rodikliams ir kraujo lipidų koncentracijai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_145147-60645.
Full textThe aim of this research was to measure the effect of calorie restricted diet on some indexes of body composition and lipoprotein concentration. This research was carried out to estimate indexes of body composition (skinfold thickness, the percentage of body fat, body mass index), waist-to-hip ratio, and the concentration of blood lipoproteins before and after calorie restricted diet. Eight healthy women aged from 28 to 46 participated in the research. All participants filled in the questionnaire about their life style, harmful habits and physical activity. Participating women were healthy, non-smoking, sedentary and sober during the research. They were on calorie restricted diet for one and a half months, three times a week, the other days they took an usual nourishment. During the research, women registered their usual nutrition ration. The indexes of body composition (body mass index, skinfold thickness, waist-to-hip ratio), serum total cholesterol (Tchol), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG) concentration was estimated before the research and after one and a half months lasting calorie restricted diet. It was found that because of calorie restricted diet women‘s body mass index, percentage body fat, and skinfold thickness decreased (p < 0,05). After practising calorie restricted diet for one and a half months, blood lipoprotein (HDL, Tchol, TG) concentration did not change (p > 0,05). Waist-to-hip ratio change after calorie restricted diet was... [to full text]
Sales, Cristiane Hermes. "Efeito da deficiência dietética de magnésio na resistência insulínica e no status inflamatório e oxidativo em ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-26082013-232313/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to assess, in rats, the effects of high-fat and magnesium (Mg) deficient diet, in short-time, on adiposity, magnesium status, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative and inflammatory status. Firstly, it was realized a pilot study (n = 12), 24 days, which allowed to assess the dietary patterns of the animals. The high-fat diet tested had its micronutrient composition increased proportionally to the expected reduction in consumption. Based in these results, it was outlined the principal study, 32 days, with the animals fed with control diet (ad libitum [CT; n = 8] and pair-feeding [PF; n = 16]), and high-fat diet (adequate [HF; n = 12] and magnesium deficient [HFMg-; n = 12]). It was assessed the adiposity, serum lipid profile, Mg status, insulin resistance (fasting glucose and insulin, insulin tolerance test - ITT, phosphorylation of insulin receptor [IR-β], insulin receptor substrate 1 [IRS-1] and protein kinase B [Akt]), and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. The consumption of HFMg- and HF results in greater weight gain and adiposity compared to PF. Likewise, the high-fat groups showed serum total cholesterol, VLDL-c, and triglycerides higher than PF group. As expected, the animals showed changes in magnesium status, as evidenced by lower bone and urine levels. Although no differences were observed in blood glucose and serum insulin levels among the groups, the lowest phosphorylation of the insulin signaling pathway show that Mg deficiency intensifies the effects of high-fat diet in this pathway. No differences were observed in the inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. However, it was observed an inverse association of malondialdehyde and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 with Mg status. The results of this study support the importance of micronutrients analyzes in the experimental diets, in order to obtain reproducible data. With the PF group it was showed that high-fat diets predisposes to greater adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and that Mg deficiency can worse the effects on insulin resistance.
Greghi, Gisele Fernanda. "Avaliação do perfil de expressão gênica de bovinos suplementados com selênio, vitamina E e óleo de canola: a interação dieta-gene-qualidade da carne." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-11122014-143206/.
Full textWorld beef production corresponds to 58.856 million tons, of which 9.92 million tons of meat are produced by Brazil. With the largest commercial cattle herd (approximately 209 million animals), our country occupies a prominent position in the beef market: 1st in exports (2.03 million tons) and 2nd in production and consumption (40 kg / capita /year). Over the years, beef production increased, as critical in the field of human health due to its high content of saturated fatty acids and a possible but still questionable relationship with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. For these reasons a lot of research has been conducted in an attempt to change the composition of the meat fatty acids, which consequently affects the oxidative stability of the meat. To evaluate the influence of specific dietary components on the responses of the body and its effects on the production and quality of meat, has evaluated the expression of individual genes, or has used transcriptomics. From the use of this tool, the present study evaluated the interaction between supplementation with selenium, vitamin E and/or canola oil and the expression of key genes in the regulation of antioxidant, lipogenic and cholesterolemic pathways in cattle. Nelore (n= 48) uncastrated, initial weight ± 350kg, allocated in calan gate in the Department of Animal Science, FZEA Pirassununga-USP, SP were divided into 4 groups: Control (C): basic diet; (Se + Vit E): 2.5 mg Se and 500 IU vitamin E/kg DM; (Canola): addition of 3% canola/kg of DM oil; (Se + Vit E + Canola): adding 2.5 mg Se, 500 IU vitamin E and 3% canola/kg of DM oil. After 12 weeks, they were slaughtered (final weight ± 456 kg) and samples of liver, L. dorsi muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue collected for analysis of gene expression of NFE2L2, GPX1, GPX4, GSR, GCLG, GSS, SREBF1, PPARA, SCD, HMGCR, ACAT1, ACAT2 and LCAT. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS 2005), the means were compared by contrasts evaluated by Student\'s t test and the correlation between hepatic gene expression were estimated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The liver tissue was more sensitive to changes in the rate of transcription of mRNA. Animals that received supplementation with Vitamin E and Se had higher expression of cytoprotective genes (NFE2L2, P≤0.05; GPX1, P≤0.08; GPX4, P≤0.03; GSS, P≤0.06), lipogenic (SCD, P≤0.06) and cholesterolemic (HMGCR, P≤0.06) compared to those receiving canola oil. These, in turn, showed a higher amount of mRNA for LCAT (P≤0.05) than those who received supplementation with antioxidants. The gene expressions of SREBF1 (lipogenic, P≤0.03) and ACAT1 (cholesterolemic, P≤0.08) were higher for animals receiving these antioxidants associated with canola oil compared to those which received these nutrients isolated. These results stimulate more studies about antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as canola oil because of their potential either for the quality of the meat, either for therapeutic use in animal or human health. However, caution is needed because these antioxidants can both induce cytoprotective genes, as well as lipogenic and cholesterolemic genes, and the way this activation occurs suggests the involvement of NFE2L2.
Passos, Luciana Dieguez Ferreira. "Avaliação físico-química, microbiológica e dos processos de produção da dieta enteral administrada em uma unidade hospitalar do sul do RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2712.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T18:01:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Avaliação físico-química, microbiológica e dos processos de produção da dieta enteral administrada em uma unidade hospitalar do sul do RS.pdf: 1716867 bytes, checksum: c9b3cdde6b403f24624a13fee3c44427 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T18:03:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Avaliação físico-química, microbiológica e dos processos de produção da dieta enteral administrada em uma unidade hospitalar do sul do RS.pdf: 1716867 bytes, checksum: c9b3cdde6b403f24624a13fee3c44427 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-24T18:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Avaliação físico-química, microbiológica e dos processos de produção da dieta enteral administrada em uma unidade hospitalar do sul do RS.pdf: 1716867 bytes, checksum: c9b3cdde6b403f24624a13fee3c44427 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-01
Sem bolsa
A Terapia Nutricional Enteral em pacientes hospitalizados exige comprometimento e capacitação de todos os envolvidos nesse processo. Além disso, as dietas enterais devem ser seguras quanto aos aspectos nutricionais e higiênico-sanitário, garantindo a recuperação dos pacientes e a qualidade do serviço prestado. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de uma dieta enteral industrializada, assim como avaliar as Boas Práticas em Nutrição Enteral de uma unidade hospitalar do sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi selecionada a marca da dieta enteral industrializada mais prescrita aos pacientes adultos da Clínica Médica da unidade hospitalar. Essa marca foi analisada quanto a sua composição centesimal para comparação com as informações do rótulo, quanto a sua esterilidade comercial e quanto ao nível de contaminação microbiana quando manipulada e distribuída na unidade hospitalar. Os pontos amostrais da dieta manipulada foram analisados para mesófilos aeróbios, coliformes a 35°C e a 45°C, Escherichia coli, Estafilococos coagulase positiva, Salmonella sp., bolores e leveduras. A água proveniente da torneira e do filtro do lactário, utilizada para hidratação de pacientes em Nutrição Enteral e para o transporte das dietas, foi analisada quanto a sua potabilidade. A estrutura e os processos em Nutrição Enteral da Unidade Hospitalar também foram analisados quanto a sua adequação às Boas Práticas de Preparação e Administração em Nutrição Enteral, que seguiu a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada nº 63/2000, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Na análise laboratorial da composição centesimal, foi encontrado um déficit de 31,9% de lipídeos, que influenciou nos resultados de carboidratos e calorias. O teste de esterilidade comercial das dietas enterais revelou alterações físicas no produto e contagem de bolores e leveduras acima do permitido pela legislação específica. As amostras da dieta manipulada mostraram-se dentro dos limites recomendados pela legislação para a maioria micro-organismos analisados, exceto para mesófilos aeróbios, bolores e leveduras. A maioria das amostras de água analisadas era potável, exceto uma amostra da água utilizada para o transporte da dieta. O resultado da análise da adequação às Boas Práticas de Preparação em Nutrição Enteral e para as Boas Práticas de Administração em Nutrição Enteral foi de 59,5% e de 43,2%, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a real composição de nutrientes não esta de acordo com a informação nutricional do produto, o produto encontrou-se impróprio para consumo quando hermeticamente fechado e quando manipulado, e que a unidade hospitalar necessita de um maior controle de seus processos em Nutrição Enteral e de adequações às legislações vigentes.
The Enteral Nutrition Therapy in hospitalized patients requires training and commitment of everyone involved in this process. In addition, enteral feeding should be held regarding the nutritional and hygienic- sanitary aspects, ensuring the recovery of patients and quality of service. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of an enteral diet industrialized as well as evaluating the Enteral Nutrition Practice in a hospital in southern Rio Grande do Sul brand enteral feeding was selected industrialized most prescribed to adult patients of the Medical Clinic of the hospital. This mark was analyzed for its chemical composition for comparison with the label information, as their commercial sterility and the level of microbial contamination when handled and distributed at the hospital. The sampling points of manipulated diet were analyzed for aerobic mesophilic, coliform bacteria at 35°C and 45°C, Escherichia coli, coagulase positive staphylococci, Salmonella sp., Molds and yeasts. The water from the tap and filter lactary used for hydration of patients enteral and to transport the diets was analyzed for its potability. The structure and processes in Enteral Nutrition Unit of the Hospital were also analyzed for its suitability to Good Practice for Preparation and Administration Enteral Nutrition, which followed the Board Resolution No. 63/2000, the National Health Surveillance Agency. In laboratory analysis of the chemical composition, found a deficit of 31,9% lipids, which influence the results of carbohydrates and calories. Testing for commercial sterility of enteral diets showed physical changes in product and mold and yeast counts above those permitted by specific legislation. Samples of manipulated diet were within the limits recommended by the legislation for most micro -organisms analyzed except for mesophilic aerobic, yeasts and molds. Most of the water samples analyzed was drinking except a sample of the water used to transport the diet. The result of the analysis of compliance with Good Practice in Preparation for Enteral Nutrition and Good Management Practices in Enteral Nutrition was 59.5% and 43.2%, respectively. It was concluded that the actual nutrient composition is not according to the nutritional information on the product, the product was found unfit for consumption when tightly sealed and when manipulated, and that the hospital needs more control of its processes in Nutrition enteral and adaptations to existing laws.
Nolli, Cristine Paduan. "Produção, composição do leite e desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas Santa Inês alimentadas com rações contendo óleo de canola ou linhaça." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-29052012-091050/.
Full textThe objective in this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of canola oil (CO) or linseed oil (LO) on milk production and composition and reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes. In the experiment I, 33 Santa Inês ewes were fed diets containing 50% of roughage (Cynodon dactylon hay). Experimental diets included a control (no oil) and two remaining diets with the addition of 3% of CO or LO (dry matter basis). Ewes were mechanically milked once a week and milk production, in a 3 hours interval, was recorded and sampled for composition and fatty acid (FA) profile determination. The addition of oils decreased DM intake and incresead serum non-esterified FA concentration. Lamb performance, milk yield and chemical composition were not altered by the diets. Feeding oils decreased short and medium chain FA, saturated FA (SFA), 9-dessaturase enzyme activity and atherogenicity index; and increased C18:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 (CLA), C18:1 trans-11, C18:3 n-3, long chain, mono and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in milk fat. In addition, both oils improved FA profile of milk fat, and LO increased the concentration of healthier FA (trans-11 C18:1, cis-9 trans-11 CLA, total CLA and n-3 FA). In the experiment II, 222 Santa Inês ewes were assigned, according to body weight (BW) and body condition score, to one of three experimental diets to determine the effects of fat sources on pregnancy and estrus index, BW, time to estrus and number of lambs per ewe. Ewes were fed diets containing 40% of sugarcane bagasse as the roughage source and the experimental diets included a control (no oil) and two remaining diets with the addition of 3% of CO or LO (dry matter basis). All ewes were fed the experimental diets 45d before the estrus synchronization. The synchronization protocol consisted on vaginal insertion of a progesterone (P4) device for 5d (D0), rams introduction, i.m. injection of eCG (1.5 mL) and PGF2 (2.0 mL) on the 5th day (D5). At D0 the ewes BW was obtained. The time of P4 device withdrawal (D5) was recorded and estrus observation lasted 72 hours. The 2nd service began at D16 and lasted 13 days. The BW and number of lambs per ewe were not affected by diets. The rates of onset of estrus, pregnancy at 1st and 2nd services and time for the onset of estrus were not affected by diets. The total pregnancy rate was higher in animals from the control diet compared to those fed LO. Supplementation of oil rich in oleic acid or linolenic acid did not improve reproductive rates of Santa Inês ewes.
Môro, Giovanni Vitti. "Carboidratos em dietas para o dourado Salminus brasiliensis (CUVIER, 1816)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-26042013-090807/.
Full textThis study aimed at determining dietary requirements and the ideal dietary carbohydrates to lipids ratio for juvenile dourado based on performance and digestibility trials. All assays were performed in a recirculation system under controled temperature (25.5 ± 0.5 ° C), dissolved oxygen (6.2 ± 0.4 mg L-1), pH (7.68 ± 0.12 ) and total ammonia (<0.25 mg L-1). To determine the glycemic curve, 700 juvenile dourado (57.37 ± 11.57 g) were housed into 14 polyethylene tanks (330 L) in a completely randomized design (n = 5), and fed pelleted or extruded diets containing 85% of a basal diet (43% crude protein - CP, 4,440 kcal a gross energy kg - EB) and 15% of the carbohydrate souces - glucose, dextrin, maize starch, rice, corn, cassava starch or cellulose. To determine the change in blood glucose concentration, five fish from each treatment were randomly collected immediately and anesthetized at the following intervals after feeding: 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h, 15 h and 24 h. Blood samples were drawn by puncture of the caudal vein and glycemic levels measured immediately. For the digestibility trial, fourteen experimental diets were formulated, pelleted or extruded, containing 69.9% of the basal diet, 30% of the carbohydrate source to be tested (corn, toasted cassava meal, wheat flour, rice, cassava starch and corn starch) and 0.1% chromic oxide. The trial was set up in a completely randomized design (n=3). Juvenile dourado were housed in cages (80 L, 40 fish per cage, 73.97 ± 12.00 g) and fed ad libitum twice a day the experimental diets. After the last daily meal, cages were transferred to conical-cylinder tanks (250 L) and faeces collected by sedimentation period of 6 h and 12 h after feeding. Feces were collected, frozen and lyophilized and storage until analysis and subsequent calculation of digestibility coefficients of dry matter, starch and energy ingredients. For the performance, eight extruded diets with different ratios of carbohydrate lipids (C: L): 0:1, 0.3:1, 0.7:1, 1.0:1, 1.4:1 , 2.0:1, 2.3:1 and 3.3:1 were formulated and fed to juvenile dourado (3.34 ± 0.16 g) housed in 32 polyethylene tanks (330 L, 30 fish per tank) in a completely randomized design (n=3) and fed twice a day (10:00 and 15:30) to apparent satiation for 95 days. The extrusion processing increased digestibility of the tested dietary carbohydrate sources, improving the utilization of dietary energy in the form of carbohydrate, but increasing blood glucose levels as well; this can impair the species growth rate in the long run. The dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio 0.7:1 led to the best levels of performance and nutrient utilization by the species The enzimatic profile of fish was affected by diets. Dourado does not utilize efficiently dietary carbohydrates so using lesser amounts or less digestible sources of dietary carbohydrates can lead to better growth in the commercial production of the species.
Gressler, Camila Costa. "EFEITOS DA DIETA HIPERLIPÍDICA SUPLEMENTADA COM ÓLEOS VEGETAIS NOS PARÂMETROS METABÓLICOS E INFLAMATÓRIOS EM RATOS WISTAR." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5740.
Full textO consumo de gordura trans é fortemente associado ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) por sua ação sobre os lipídios plasmáticos e por atuarem em processos inflamatórios, sendo que os óleos vegetais são utilizados pela população para a prevenção dessas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do consumo de dieta hiperlipídica suplementada com óleo de coco, óleo de abacate e óleo de chia nos parâmetros metabólicos e inflamatórios em ratos wistar. Após sete dias em período de adaptação, 35 ratos wistar machos receberam por 45 dias dieta padrão (TC), dieta hiperlipídica e soro fisiológico (DHSF), dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de coco (DHCO), dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de abacate (DHAB) e dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de chia (DHCH), sendo que os óleos foram ofertados por gavagem na quantidade de 0,8 mL/kg de peso corporal. O consumo da dieta e níveis séricos de TG foram maiores no TC. O peso do fígado foi maior nos grupos DHCO e DHAB, sendo que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos (p< 0,05) quanto ao ganho de peso, peso de gordura epididimal e níveis séricos de CT, HDL e LDL. Concentrações plasmáticas mais elevadas de IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α e IFN-γ foram encontradas nos grupos DHSF, DHCO e DHAB e as menores nos grupos TC e DHCH. A IL-10 foi maior no grupo DHCH. Na análise morfométrica, o grupo DHCH apresentou aumento do número de células e redução na área do citoplasma das mesmas. A intervenção do consumo de dieta hiperlipídica com ácido graxo trans permitiu observar que a alteração do perfil lipídico é precedida de um ambiente inflamatório sistêmico, o qual é modulado pelo ácido graxo ômega 3 (α-linolênico), presente no óleo de chia, o qual reverteu este quadro, mas não sobrepõe-se ao consumo de uma dieta equilibrada observada pelo grupo TC. Isto comprova que a intervenção dietética para prevenir a ocorrência de DCV deve estar associada a escolhas adequadas da ingestão de lipídios, mantendo um aporte adequado de ácido graxo ômega-3, evidenciado no trabalho pela diminuição das citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α e IFN-γ) e aumento da IL-10 considerada anti-inflamatória.
Viana, Fabiana Pavan. "Influência de um novo produto fermentado de soja sobre o metabolismo lipídico tecidual em ratos submetidos a uma dieta enriquecida com colesterol." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1255.
Full textIn relation to many types of diets, soybean has been researched as a possible cohelping resource in the treatment of diverse pathologies. Therefore, the objective of this current work was to investigate the manifestation of a new soybean fermented product with added Enteroccocus Faecium and Lactobaccilus Jugurti on the lipid metabolism of male Wistar rats, aged approximately 3 months and weighing between 220-240 grams. They were divided into four experimental groups and treated with different types of diets: Standard diet C; Standard diet associated to the fermented product CPF 1ml/day/rat); Hypercholesterolemic diet associated to the Fermented Product HPF; Hypercholesterolemic diet H. The rats were maintained sedentary throughout the entire experimental period. After 08 weeks of treatment they were slaughtered, separating and weighing the plasma, the white retroperitoneal adipose tissues RET and epididimal EPI, the brown interescapular adipose tissue TAM, gastrocnemic muscle GAST and liver FIG. These were stored in a freezer at -20oC for biochemical and morphological analysis. The results demonstrated that the soybean fermented product diminished body weight gain in rats submitted to the high rate cholesterol diet as well as the standard diet. Most of the evidence proved that the soybean fermented product diminished the lipid synthesis, adipose areas and diameter, increased lipololysis, diminished the fat content (in some situations) and the RET and EPI adipose tissues, mainly when the animals were submitted to a hypercholesterolemic diet. Furthermore, it was observed that this product reduced the fat content, lipid synthesis and FIG weight, even when the animals were submitted to a high rate cholesterol diet. Another effect that was observed of the soybean fermented product was the diminishing of the fat content in GAST. Moreover, when the product was administered in the hypercholesterolemic group, it increased the fat content and reduced the lipid synthesis in TAM in relation to the H group. It can be suggested that administering the soybean fermented product can be a possible co-helper in reducing adiposity, in preventing hepatic esteatosis and in controlling body weight.
Em relação aos vários tipos de dietas utilizadas, a soja tem sido pesquisada como um possível recurso coadjuvante no tratamento de diversas patologias. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a ação de um novo produto fermentado de soja acrescido do Enteroccocus Faecium e do Lactobaccilus Jugurti sobre o metabolismo lipídico em ratos submetidos a uma dieta enriquecida com colesterol. Para isto, ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, com idade aproximada de 3 meses, pesando entre 220-240 gramas, foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais, tratados com diferentes tipos de dieta: Dieta padrão - C; Dieta padrão associada ao produto fermentado - CPF, (1 ml/dia/rato); Dieta Hipercolesterolêmica associada ao Produto Fermentado - HPF; Dieta Hipercolesterolêmica - H. Os ratos foram mantidos sedentários durante todo o período experimental. Após 08 semanas de tratamento foram sacrificados, sendo o plasma, os tecidos adiposos brancos retroperitoneal - RET e epididimal - EPI, o tecido adiposo marrom interescapular - TAM, músculo gastrocnêmio - GAST e o fígado - FIG separados, pesados e estocados em freezer a - 20o C para as análises bioquímicas e morfológicas. Os resultados demonstraram que o produto fermentado de soja diminuiu o ganho de peso corporal em ratos submetidos tanto à dieta com alto teor de colesterol, assim como a dieta padrão. A maioria das evidências demonstraram que o produto fermentado de soja diminuiu a síntese lipídica, área e o diâmetro dos adipócitos, aumentou a lipólise, diminuiu o conteúdo de gordura (em algumas situações) e o peso dos tecidos adiposos RET e EPI, principalmente quando os animais foram submetidos a uma dieta hipercolesterolêmica. Além disso, foi observado que este mesmo produto reduziu o conteúdo de gordura, a síntese lipídica e peso do FIG, mesmo quando os animais foram submetidos a uma dieta com alto teor de colesterol. Outro efeito observado do produto fermentado soja foi à diminuição do conteúdo de gordura no GAST. Ademais o produto quando administrado no grupo hipercolesterolêmico aumentou o conteúdo de gordura e reduziu a síntese lipídica no TAM em relação ao grupo H. Pode-se sugerir que a administração do produto fermentado de soja pode ser um possível coadjuvante na redução da adiposidade, na prevenção da esteatose hepática e no controle de peso corporal.
Parente, Erika Bezerra. "Influência da composição da dieta na gordura intramiocelular, função endotelial e resistência à insulina, em mulheres jovens com sobrepeso metabolicamente saudáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-31082009-152055/.
Full textHigh fat or high carbohydrate (cab) diet have been widely difunded and consumed during last decades; however it is not clear their metabolic effects in long term. In the present study we analyzed intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), endothelial function, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance after high fat or high cab diet during weeks, maintaining or losing weight. 43 overweight women (25< BMI <29.9 Kg/m2) were screened, 22 of them were randomized to two different diet sequence. IMCL was measured by using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and endothelial function by using plethysmography method. Tibialis anterior IMCL (2.06 ± 1.27 vs. 3.52 ± 1.92, p=0.04) and fasting insulinemia increased (11.55 ± 4.43 vs. 14.03 ± 5.23, p=0.04) after four weeks of high cab diet after maintenance phase, while fasting HDL-C increased (37.06 ± 8.42 vs. 42.5 ± 9.32, p=0.003) and triglycerides levels decreased (102.83 ± 34.10 vs. 75.83 ± 20.91, p=0.02) after maintenance phase of high fat diet. Endothelial function, total cholesterol, LDL-C and insulin resistance did not alter during maintenance phase. A weight loss of 5%, after eight weeks, did not promote changes in the metabolic parameters, as seen during maintenance phase. Based on these results, it was concluded that high cab diet, four weeks with no weight change, increases tibialis anterior IMCL and fasting insulinemia, while high fat diet during same period increases HDL-C and decreases triglycerides in a healthy overweight women population.
Araújo, Bruno Cavalheiro. "Efeitos da suplementação da dieta com diferentes fontes de ácidos graxos no metabolismo lipídico de fêmeas de Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei: Serranidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-06092016-143145/.
Full textThis study aimed to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation with fish oil (OP), rich in 22:6n3 (DHA) and 20:5n3 (EPA); linseed oil (OL), rich in 18:3n3 (LNA); and coconut oil (OC), rich in saturated fatty acids in the lipid metabolism of Epinephelus marginatus (dusky grouper) adult female. Additionally it was performed sequencing and de novo assembly of the E. marginatus liver transcriptome by Next Generation Sequence, and sequences obtained were used as a tool to validate lipid-relevant genes. The results showed that the lipid concentration in the liver was higher in the control group (fed only with sardine) possibly due to a reduced digestibility of the incorporated fatty acids in the diet from the other experimental groups. In general the triglycerides (TG) of tissues reflected more the diet profile than phospholipids (PL), and were characterized by the high percentages of 18:3n3 in the OL group in all tissues, and DHA in the muscles of the OP group. Apparently the results for the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids suggest a self-regulatory potential for retention and oxidation processes for this species, since in general the tissues did not directly reflect the fatty acid diet composition. The ELOVL5 expression presumably influenced in the fatty acids intermediate deposition in the animal tissue from all experimental groups, which were not seen or not representative in the experimental diets. The sequencing of the transcripts from E. marginatus liver generated 92,887 high quality contigs, and it was observed a higher number of functional annotations against zebrafish (Danio rerio) proteins database, compared to the fugu Takifugu rubripes) proteins database. It was selected sequences of interest genes in the local database of E. marginatus, and all sequences used showed a high similarity degree with another teleosteo species, and were considered adequate to run the real time PCR analyze
Tomasi, Loreta Casquel De. "Influência da dieta hiperlipídica insaturada na regulação do metabolismo energético lipídico e na disfunção cardíaca de ratos com estenose aórtica supravalvar." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151638.
Full textResumo: Introdução: Embora existam contradições, de uma maneira geral, os dados da literatura mostram que em modelos experimentais de hipertrofia cardíaca por sobrecarga pressórica com disfunção ventricular e fração de ejeção preservada, o metabolismo de carboidratos e ácidos graxos está normal. Na fase em que há redução da capacidade de ejeção, com ou sem insuficiência cardíaca, ocorre um desvio para a programação fetal, aumento na utilização de glicose e diminuição na oxidação de ácidos graxos, por redução da expressão e atividade de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de lipídios. Não foram encontrados trabalhos que avaliaram o efeito de dieta hiperlipídica no metabolismo energético e função cardíaca após o estabelecimento da hipertrofia ventricular com disfunção diastólica isolada. Objetivo: Testar a hipótese de que o aumento na oferta de ácidos graxos insaturados, proveniente de dieta hiperlipídica, atenua a queda no metabolismo lipídico e a piora do desempenho cardíaco em ratos com hipertrofia ventricular e disfunção diastólica por sobrecarga pressórica. O mecanismo responsável seria o estímulo do PPARα pelos ácidos graxos, atenuando a queda na expressão de genes e proteínas envolvidas na regulação do metabolismo energético lipídico. Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos (80g) foram separados em dois grupos: controle operado (Sham) e estenose aórtica supravalvar (EAo). Após 6 semanas do procedimento cirúrgico, os animais Sham e EAo foram redistribuídos em novos grupos: tratados com diet... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
Pires, Milena Monfort. "Análise da relação de qualidade da dieta com nível de atividade física e destes com perfil lipídico e estado inflamatório em indivíduos de risco cardiometabólico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-14092011-094751/.
Full textBackground: Low physical activity (PA) level and high energy intake contributed to nutrition transition in Brazil. A healthy lifestyle reverts in cardiometabolic benefits. Considering that subclinical inflammatory status mediates damages to the cardiovascular system, healthy life habits may improve risk factors via attenuation of inflammation. Standardized tools to measure quality of diet and PA are available but not local studies assessing the relationship of these factors based on those tools, or examining their associations with inflammatory status and lipid profile. Objectives: This study evaluated the association between the Brazilian version of the Healthy Eating Index (B-HEI) and total, leisure and transportation PA level, and between those with inflammatory markers, insulin resistance index and lipids in individuals at high cardiometabolic risk. Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, 204 participants (64.7 per cent women; mean age of 54.1 years) of the Study on Prevention of Diabetes from the FSP-USP School Health Center, with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome without diabetes were included. They were submitted to questionnaires and blood sample collections. 24-h food recalls were used to assess the B-HEI and PA was measured by the long version of the IPAQ. Spearman coefficient was employed to test correlations and ANOVA to analyze the association between the B-HEI and PA, and between the tertiles of these variables with inflammatory markers and HOMA-IR. Multiple linear regression was used to test independent associations of B-HEI, taking lipids, inflammatory markers and HOMA-IR as dependent variables. Logistic regression was used to test independent associations of PA with the same variables, and odds ratios (OR) and p for trend were obtained. Results: Across the B-HEI tertiles PA did not differ. However, as the quality of diet improves TV time decreases (21.4±11.6, 20.5±11.5, 16.8±10.4 h/week p=0.09). In linear regression analysis, abdominal circumference was inversely associated with BHEI, maintaining borderline significance after adjustment for age and sex. Creactive protein was shown to be inversely associated with the index (p=0.02). Adiponectin concentrations had borderline significance with B-HEI in crude analysis but not after adjustments (p=0.06). Stratifying according to the duration of transportation, leisure-time and total PA, the most active subset (150 min/week) showed lower anthropometric measurements, but only for leisure PA the tendency to decreasing values was significant. Lipid profile improved as PA levels increased. Interleukin-6 concentrations decreased as total and leisure PA increased (p for trend = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), while adiponectin tended to increase in more active subsets only for PA at leisure time (p for trend = 0.03). Tendency for hypercholesterolemia increased significantly as leisure PA duration decreased. High Apo B/Apo A ratio was inversely associated with transportation, leisure and total PA. Significant increase in adjusted OR for insulin resistance from the category of highest to the lowest leisure PA was found (p for trend = 0.04) but statistical significance disappeared when adjusted for BMI. For increased C-reactive protein concentration, no significant association with any PA domain was observed. Conclusion: Our data do not support the hypothesis that good diet quality and PA practice were associated. The expected association of more favorable cardiometabolic profile with PA practice but not with better quality of diet was reinforced
Batista, Ângela Giovana 1985. "Antioxidant status and lipid profile of rats fed high-fat diet with and freeze-dried jaboticaba peel added = Status antioxidante e perfil lipídico de ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica adicionada de casca de jabuticaba liofilizada." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255067.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T19:41:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Batista_AngelaGiovana_M.pdf: 1042643 bytes, checksum: 8a7d597d0c0012f15fd49f04953138c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O sobrepeso e a obesidade têm sido apontados como problemas de saúde pública e estão associados com o surgimento de doenças crônicas. O estresse oxidativo desencadeado pela ingestão de dietas hiperlipídicas estimula o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica, a qual é acompanhada de doenças cardiovasculares, dislipidemias, diabetes, resistência à insulina e outros. A casca de jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg.) é rica em antocianinas, compostos fenólicos antioxidantes extensivamente referenciados pela literatura científica devido ao seu potencial de combater o estresse oxidativo in vivo. A proposta deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo e perfil lipídico de ratos Sprague-Dawley alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica adicionada de casca de jabuticaba liofilizada (CJL). Trinta ratos foram distribuídos em 5 grupos de 6 animais: controle normal (N) ¿ dieta normal AIN-93G; controle hiperlipídico (C) ¿ dieta com 35% de lipídios (31% banha suína e 4% óleo de soja); jabuticaba 1 (J1), jabuticaba 2 (J2) e jabuticaba 4 (J4) ¿ dieta hiperlipídica (C) adicionada de 1, 2 e 4% de CJL, respectivamente. Os animais dos grupos J1, J2 e J4 foram alimentados com dieta C nos primeiros 30 dias e depois receberam as dietas com CJL, completando 70 dias de experimento. Os animais foram mortos por decapitação, e exsanguinados para obtenção do soro, plasma e órgãos para liofilização. As análises da capacidade antioxidante total do plasma e órgãos, enzimas envolvidas no estresse oxidativo em órgãos, além de lipídeos séricos, hepáticos e fecais, foram analisados para verificação do efeito da adição de CJL às dietas. No segundo período do experimento (últimos 40 dias), a ingestão dietética dos animais J4 foi maior em relação ao grupo C. O grupo J2 mostrou os maiores níveis de lipídios hepáticos e fecais, e o grupo J4 a maior média nos níveis de colesterol hepático e fecal. Não houve diferenças significativas para triglicerídeos hepáticos, e os grupos J1 e J4 excretaram mais triglicerídeos via fezes em relação a C. Os parâmetros de avaliação antioxidante no plasma foram aumentados nos grupos alimentados com J2 e J4. Todas as dietas contendo CJL impediram a peroxidação lipídica hepática induzida pela dieta hiperlipídica, bem como aumentaram sua capacidade antioxidante. No cérebro foi percebida uma resposta dependente da dose de CJL: os valores de TBARS diminuíram com o aumento do teor de antocianinas na dieta. Os rins dos animais alimentados com J2 e J4 mostraram uma melhora do seu status antioxidante de acordo com análises de ORAC e GSH. Os grupos J1 e J4 apresentaram os maiores valores de TEAC no baço. Assim, a inclusão na dieta CJL poderia reforçar as defesas antioxidantes sistêmicas,além de promover maior eficiência na excreção de triglicerídeos. Portanto, o produto da casca de jabuticaba pode ser uma alternativa natural para minimizar os danos do estresse oxidativo induzido pela obesidade
Abstract: Overweight and obesity have been identified as public health problems and are associated with chronic diseases. High-fat diet-induced oxidative stress stimulates the development of metabolic syndrome, which is accompanied by cardiovascular diseases,dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance and others. The peel of jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg.) is rich in anthocyanins, phenolic antioxidants, which are referenced in the scientific literature because of its in vivo antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of biomarkers of oxidative stress and to evaluate the lipid profile of rats fed high-fat diet with freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FJP) added. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each: normal control (N) - normal diet AIN-93G; high-fat control (C) - a diet with 35% fat (31% lard and 4% soybean oil); jaboticaba 1 (J1), jaboticaba 2 (J2), and jaboticaba 4 (J4) - fat diet (C) with 1, 2 and 4% CJL added, respectively. The animals of J1, J2 and J4 groups received C diet during the first 30 days and after, they received the FJP diets, completing 70 days. The animals were killed by decapitation and exsanguinated to obtain the serum, plasma and organs for lyophilization. The total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress-related enzyme activities of the tissues, and serum, liver and feces lipids were analyzed as indicators of FJP diets in vivo effects. In the second period of the experiment (last 40 days), food intake of J4 animals was higher than in C group. The J2 group showed higher levels of hepatic and fecal lipids and the animals from J4 group showed the highest hepatic and fecal cholesterol levels. There were no significant differences in hepatic triglycerides, but J1 and J4 groups excreted more triglycerides relative to C group. The antioxidant parameters evaluated in plasma were increased in the groups fed the J2 and J4 diets. All FJP diets prevented hepatic oxidative stress. Brain exhibited a dependent dose response as lipid peroxidation decreased with increasing of FJP content in the diet. The kidneys of J2 and J4-fed animals showed an improvement in their antioxidant status according to ORAC and GSH assays. The J1 and J4 groups showed the highest TEAC values in the spleen. Thus, the inclusion of FJP in the diet could enhance systemic antioxidant defenses, and promote greater efficiency in the excretion of triglycerides. This product could be a natural alternative to minimize the damage of obesity-induced oxidative stress
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestra em Alimentos e Nutrição
Dinis, Ana Paula Gonçalves. "Níveis plasmáticos de lipídios em ratos submetidos à dieta com gordura suína como fonte lipídica após esplenectomia total isolada ou combinada com implante esplênico autógeno." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2053.
Full textAn important role of the spleen in lipid metabolism has been suggested by clinical and experimental studies. Few studies, however, have evaluated the impact of different sources of fat in plasma lipid levels. The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the effect of a nutritionally balanced (NB) diet and a diet containing pork fat (PF) as sources of lipids on the lipid profile of rats submitted to total splenectomy (TS) alone or combined with splenic autotransplantation (SA). Sixty adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of 10 animals each: Group 1 sham-operated, fed the NB diet; Group 2 sham-operated, fed the PF diet; Group 3 TS, fed the NB diet; Group 4 TS, fed the PF diet; Group 5 SA, fed the NB diet; and Group 6 SA, fed the PF diet. Blood samples were collected immediately before the operation (D0) and 12 weeks after the beginning of the experiment (D+12) for plasma lipid determination. On D+12, the animals were killed and the splenic implants of groups 5 and 6 were removed. Morphologic regeneration of splenic tissues was observed, with no difference in percent regeneration between these two groups. Weight gain and chow intake were similar among all groups of animals. When D+12 plasma lipid levels were compared to D0, there were no differences in groups 1, 3, and 5, while in groups 2, 4, and 6 total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides (TGL) levels had increased and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels had decreased. At the end of the experiment, only the HDL levels of groups 2, 4, and 6 were lower than group 3 levels. Our results lead us to conclude that, regardless of the surgical spleen procedure to which the rats were submitted, a nutritionally balanced diet maintained plasma lipid levels, while a diet containing pork fat as a source of lipids led to alterations in lipid profile.
Rodrigues, Raphaela Araújo Veloso. "Influência de dieta a base de leite de cabra com teor aumentado de ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) sobre o peso corporal, parâmetros bioquímicos e aspectos histopatológicos de ratos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4270.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Goat milk is a high nutritional value food with an important economic potential. Its nutritional characteristics reveal some advantages over cow milk, as better digestibility and lower allergic potential. Among the compounds with potential benefit to human health present in goat milk, we can cite the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). This fatty acid is found especially in dairy and meat products derived from ruminants. CLA has shown biological activities as reduction of fat and body weight, maintaining or increasing lean body mass, protection of cardiovascular function, improvement of insulin sensitivity and increase of calcium retention. With the great attention given to the compound, researchers have been developing methods to increase the amount of CLA in milk of ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a goat milk manipulated to have a greater amount of CLA in male Wistar rats. A total of 36 animals was divided into three groups, treated during ten weeks with a diet based on AIN-93, each group with different fat sources, was formed: soybean oil (control group - CON), coconut oil (CO) or goat milk fat with high content of CLA (CLArich). Weight and food intake were recorded weekly. At the end of this period, the animals were anesthetized and then sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and liver and intestine removed for histopathological evaluation. The weight had no significant difference among the three groups at the beginning or end of the experiment. However, CLA-rich group had higher weights from the second to the fifth weeks of the experiment, compared to the others groups. Groups CO and CLA-rich groups showed a trend to a higher feed intake, but not during all weeks. In the CLA-rich group was observed a reduction of serum triglycerides (TG) and TG / HDL ratio and increases of HDL and total cholesterol (TC). The serum glucose of CLA-rich group did not differed from the CON group, but was significantly higher compared to CO. Pathological changes were not found in the intestine, while livers of animals of all three groups showed hepatic steatosis. Such results show a possible beneficial effect of goat milk with high content of CLA on lipid profile in rats, with no significant change of serum glucose, suggesting a functional action to this food. However, further studies are needed.
O leite de cabra é um alimento de reconhecido valor nutricional e de importante potencial econômico. Suas características nutricionais revelam algumas vantagens sobre o leite de vaca, como melhor digestibilidade e menor potencial alérgico. Dentre os compostos com possível benéfico para a saúde humana presentes no leite de cabra, cita-se o ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA), ácido graxo encontrado, especialmente, nos produtos lácteos e cárneos oriundos de ruminantes. Ao CLA atribuem-se atividades biológicas como redução da gordura e peso corporal, com manutenção ou aumento da massa magra, proteção da função cardiovascular, melhora da sensibilidade à insulina e aumento da retenção de cálcio. Com a grande atenção dada ao composto, pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas visando aumentar a quantidade de CLA no leite dos ruminantes. O intuito desta pesquisa foi avaliar a eficácia de um leite de cabra manipulado para ter maior quantidade de CLA em ratos Wistar machos. Um total de 36 animais foi dividido em três grupos, que receberam por dez semanas uma dieta baseada na AIN-93, cada grupo com diferente fonte de gordura, a saber: óleo de soja (grupo controle - CON), óleo de coco (OC) ou gordura do leite de cabra com alto teor de CLA (LC-CLA). O peso corporal e o consumo de ração foram registrados semanalmente, e ao final do período experimental os animais foram sacrificados, coletando-se amostras de sangue e removendo-se o fígado e o intestino para avaliação histopatológica. Com relação ao peso não foi verificada diferença entre os três grupos no início ou no final do experimento, sendo que, foi registrado para o grupo LC-CLA, os maiores pesos médios nas semanas iniciais do experimento. Os grupos OC e LC-CLA apresentaram uma tendência a um maior consumo de ração, não observada em todas as semanas. No grupo LC-CLA foi observada uma redução dos triglicerídeos séricos TG e da razão TG/HDL, e aumento do HDL e colesterol total (CT). A glicose sérica do grupo LC-CLA não diferiu do grupo CON, mas, foi significativamente maior em relação ao OC. Não foram encontradas alterações patológicas nas lâminas de intestino, sendo constatada esteatose hepática nos três grupos experimentais. Tais resultados mostram uma ação benéfica do leite de cabra com teor elevado de CLA sobre o perfil lipídico sérico em ratos, sem alteração significativa de glicemia, sugerindo uma provável ação funcional ao alimento. Entretanto, outros estudos ainda são necessários.
FERNANDES, Daniela Canuto. "Efeito da amêndoa de Baru, Amendoim e Castanha-do-Pará no perfil sérico e na peroxidação de lipídios em ratos com dieta hiperlipídica." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2255.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the intake of baru almond, peanut and brazil nut in lipid profile and in lipid peroxidation in rats that were fed with high-fat diet. The effect of baru almond, peanut and brazil nut intakes in lipid profile and in lipid peroxidation were evaluated by bioassay with young adults Wistar rats during two months. The diets were formulated according to American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G): 5 fat diets (0.1% cholic acid + 1% cholesterol + 5% lard + 15% of one the fat sources lard and olive oil [controls], baru almond, peanut or brazil nut) and a standard diet (7% soybean oil). Blood samples were collected in order to determine the serum lipid profile and the samples of the animal liver were collected in order to evaluate total malondialdehyde (total MDA), reduced glutathione and vitamin E. Peanut modulated the lipid profile in rats with high-fat diet, decreasing levels of total cholesterol (TC= 84 mg.dL-1) and triglycerides (TG= 46 mg.dL-1), and increased levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c= 44 mg.dL-1), when compared to lard-control (TC= 217 mg.dL-1, TG= 223 mg.dL-1, HDL-c= 24 mg.dL-1) and olive oil-control (TC= 111 mg.dL-1, TG= 39 mg.dL-1, HDL-c= 36 mg.dL-1). The baru almond reduced total cholesterol (TC= 126 mg.dL-1) and triglycerides (61 mg.dL-1), and increased the level of HDL-C (36 mg.dL-1), compared to lard-control. The brazil nut reduced the levels of total cholesterol (119 mg.dL-1) and triglycerides (57 mg.dL-1) in relation to the control lard, but did not increased the level of HDL-c (23 mg.dL-1). The peanut, baru almond and brazil nut reduced lipid peroxidation (total MDA: baru almond= 92 mmol.g protein-1; peanut= 89 mmol.g protein-1; brazil nut= 154 mmol.g protein-1) compared to the lard-control (Total MDA= 346 mmol.g protein-1). Peanut consumption improved GSH (4.3 μmol.g protein-1) and vitamin E (15.2 μmol.g tissue-1) levels, as compared to the baru almond (GSH = 1.8 μmol.g-1 protein; vitamin E = 10.8 μmol.g tissue-1) and the brazil nut (GSH = 1.6 μmol.g-1 protein; vitamin E = 11.6 μmol.g tissue-1). It is recommended the association of these foods in a healthy diet, or as a coadjuvant to reduce the risk of dyslipidemia in populations that consume high-fat diets, replacing, preferably, foods with high content of saturated fat.
O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da ingestão de amêndoa de baru, amendoim e castanha-do-pará no perfil sérico e na peroxidação de lipídios em ratos tratados com dieta hiperlipídica. O efeito da ingestão desses alimentos no perfil sérico e na peroxidação de lipídios foi avaliado por meio de ensaio biológico com ratos Wistar, machos, adultos jovens, durante dois meses. As dietas foram formuladas segundo o American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G), sendo cinco dietas hiperlipídicas (0,1% de ácido cólico + 1% de colesterol + 5% de banha + 15% de uma das fontes lipídicas banha e azeite [controles], amêndoa de baru, amendoim ou castanha-do-pará) e uma dieta padrão (7% de óleo de soja). Ao final do experimento, foram coletados o sangue, para determinação do perfil lipídico sérico, e o fígado, para avaliar os níveis de malondialdeído total (MDA total), glutationa reduzida (GSH) e vitamina E hepáticas. O amendoim modulou o perfil lipídico sérico de ratos com dieta hiperlipídica, reduzindo os níveis de colesterol total (CT= 84 mg.dL-1) e triglicérides (TG= 46 mg.dL-1), e aumentando os níveis de HDL-colesterol (HDL-c=44 mg.dL-1), em relação ao controle-banha (CT= 217 mg.dL-1; TG= 223 mg.dL-1; HDL-c= 24 mg.dL-1) e ao controle-azeite (CT= 111 mg.dL-1; TG= 39 mg.dL-1; HDL-c= 36 mg.dL-1). A amêndoa de baru reduziu o colesterol total (126 mg.dL-1) e triglicérides (61 mg.dL-1), e aumentou os níveis de HDL-c (36 mg.dL-1), em comparação ao controle-banha. A castanhado- pará reduziu os níveis de colesterol total (119 mg.dL-1) e triglicérides (57 mg.dL-1) em relação ao controle banha, mas não aumentou os níveis de HDL-c (23 mg.dL-1). O amendoim, a amêndoa de baru e a castanha-do-pará reduziram a peroxidação lipídica (MDA total: amendoim= 89 mmol.g proteina-1; amêndoa de baru= 92 mmol.g proteina-1; castanha-dopará= 154 mmol.g proteina-1), em relação ao controle-banha (346 mmol.g proteína-1), sendo este efeito mais acentuado para o amendoim, pois ainda manteve os níveis de GSH (4,3 μmol.g proteína-1) e de vitamina E (15,2 μmol.g tecido-1) hepáticos elevados, em comparação à amêndoa de baru (GSH= 1,8 μmol.g proteína-1; vitamina E= 10,8 μmol.g tecido-1) e à castanha-do-pará (GSH= 1,6 μmol.g proteína-1; vitamina E= 11,6 μmol.g tecido-1). Recomenda-se a associação desses alimentos em uma dieta saudável, ou ainda, como coadjuvantes na redução do risco de dislipidemias em grupos populacionais que consomem dietas hiperlipídicas, como substitutos, preferencialmente, de alimentos ricos em gordura saturada.
Silveira, Ilson Dias da. "O efeito do uso crônico de haloperidol associado à dieta com alto teor de lipídio na peroxidação lipídica no fígado de ratos wistar." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11150.
Full textO tipo de dieta e o uso de certos medicamentos podem estar relacionados dentre os fatores responsáveis pela geração de radicais livres. No Brasil, o consumo de maior quantidade de gordura na dieta tem aumentado consideravelmente nos últimos anos e o haloperidol tem sido o neuroléptico mais usado pela saúde pública brasileira devido ao seu baixo custo quando comparado com outras drogas antipsicóticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a peroxidação lipídica através da produção de TBARS em tecidos de ratos, como medida de estresse oxidativo, promovido pela ingestão de dieta com alto teor de lipídio associada ao uso crônico de haloperidol, avaliar a correlação entre o conteúdo de gordura abdominal e concentração de magnésio intracelular e a correlação entre a concentração de magnésio intracelular e a produção hepática de TBARS. A dieta com alto teor lipídico promoveu aumento significativo nos níveis de TBARS em fígado de ratos Wistar quando comparado à dieta controle (ANOVA de uma via), sendo que o uso crônico de haloperidol potencializou a produção hepática de TBARS promovido pela dieta com alto teor lipídico, aumentando em duas vezes os níveis de TBARS quando comparado ao grupo controle (ANOVA de duas vias). A produção de TBARS, promovido pela associação da dieta com alto teor lipídico e o uso crônico de haloperidol, parece estar associada com a concentração intraeritrocitária de magnésio, pois houve uma correlação estatisticamente positiva entre o conteúdo de magnésio intracelular e a produção de TBARS em fígado de ratos . Apoiando trabalhos prévios que relatam uma possível base iônica para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica, neste trabalho ocorreu uma correlação negativa, estatisticamente significativa, entre a concentração de magnésio intracelular e o conteúdo de gordura abdominal considerando todos os animais, sendo que o grupo consumindo dieta com alto teor de lipídio e o grupo sob uso crônico de haloperidol, contribuíram, de maneira distinta, para este resultado.
Vilanova, Marcele Sousa. "Avaliação da produção avaliação da produção, composição físico-química, qualidade e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de cabras Saanen alimentadas com diferentes níveis de óleo de arroz na dieta." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2635.
Full textWe tested the effect of two levels of ether extract based on rice oil concentrate, 30 Saanen goats during early lactation. The feeding was based on the ratio of 60% forage (alfalfa hay), and 40% commercial concentrate with two levels of lipids (3% and 5%). The variables were: average milk production, behavior of the lactation curve, milk chemical composition and total time of lactation against the profile of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. The increase in the percentage of ether extract oil-based rice did not affect milk production, which presented as mean ± 2658 379 mL milk / goat / day, between 11 weeks and the chemical composition of milk, which characterized by having 3.78 ± 0.59% fat, 3.10 ± 0.18% crude protein, 4.46 ± 0.20% lactose and 12.19 ± 0.72% of total solids. However significant (P <0.05) fatty acid profile of milk, reducing the concentrations of saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid C16: 0, myristic C14: 0, capric C10: 0 and lauric C12: 0, which were higher in 3% treatment (26.87, 8.60, 5.90 and 3.06% respectively) and increasing concentrations of unsaturated C16: 1, C17: 1 and C20: 1 (0.43, 0.12 and 0.10%, respectively). The inclusion of rice bran oil at levels of 3% and 5% of dry matter in the diet of goats does not affect milk production and the chemical composition until the 11th week of lactation, however, is able to alter the fatty acid profile of significantly.
Testou-se o efeito de dois níveis de extrato etéreo a base de óleo de arroz no concentrado de 30 cabras Saanen durante a fase inicial de lactação. A alimentação baseou-se na relação 60% de volumoso (feno de alfafa), e 40% de concentrado comercial com dois níveis de extrato etéreo (3% e 5%). As variáveis estudadas foram: Produção, composição química, perfil de ácidos graxos saturados, mono e polinsaturados no leite. O aumento no percentual de extrato etéreo na ração não influenciou a produção de leite, que apresentou como média 2658±379 mL de leite/cabra/dia, no período de 11 semanas e nem a composição química do leite, que se caracterizou por ter 3,78 de gordura; 3,10 de proteína bruta; 4,46 de lactose e 12,19 de sólidos totais. O perfil de ácidos graxos do leite foi influenciado pelo acréscimo de extrato etéreo na ração. No tratamento de maior proporção houve um aumento das concentrações de ácidos graxos insaturados C18:1n 9c (Oléico) e C18:3n3, (25,79 e 0,80%, respectivamente) e no Ácido Linoléico Conjugada (CLA) que aumentou de 0,37 para 0,72% com o acréscimo de óleo; e uma redução dos ácidos graxos saturados: palmítico C16:0, mirístico C14:0, cáprico C10:0 e láurico C12:0, que foram maiores no tratamento 3% (26,87; 8,60; 5,90 e 3,06%, respectivamente).
Bernardes, Guilherme Meneghello Carvalho. "Composição tecidual da carcaça, centesimal e lipídica da carne de cordeiros submetidos a dieta de alto grão e viabilidade econômica da atividade." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11355.
Full textThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of diet with high grain diets on the carcass tissue composition, the centesimal composition and the profile of the fatty acids deposited in the meat of Lambs finished in confinement, as well as the economical viability of the system. Thirty - eight male lambs, castrated, of the Texel breed, born of simple birth and weaned at approximately 50 days of age, were used. The treatments were constituted by different types of grains, unprocessed, being: corn grain, white oat grain, black oat grain or rice grain with bark. The animals were slaughtered when they reached the pre-established slaughter weight of 32 kg, which corresponds to 60% of the adult weight of their mothers. The lambs of the different treatments presented similarity as to the proportion of muscle. However, corn-based treatment lambs presented lower percentage of bone and higher amount of fat. Considering the cholesterol variable, the animals treated with black oats presented results lower than 90mg / 100g, and human health could be considered healthy in this approach. Grouping the fatty acids evaluated by degree of saturation, corn-based treatment lambs had the lowest results when compared to the others, but when evaluating these lipids individually, the animals of this treatment contained the highest proportion of fatty acids Undesirable when compared to treatments based on white oats, shelled rice or black oats. The polyunsaturated: saturated ratio also presented superior results for the lambs fed the corn grain diet when compared to the others. In order to evaluate the economic issue, consecutive historical quotations from 2003 to 2016 were considered. The univariate analysis was characterized by a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight replications. The multivariate analysis consisted of clustering. By the univariate analysis, the only treatment that proved advantageous was the corn grain base, where values were found for gross margin of R $ 16.55; Net margin of R $ 10.45; Profit of R $ 12.59; Net present value of R $ 11.44; Benefit index: cost of 1.05; Additional return on investment of 2.4% a.m.; Internal rate of return of 3.3% a.m. and discounted payback of 1.91 months. By cluster analysis, corn treatment was also the one that presented the greatest discrepancy in relation to the other treatments, while the treatments based on white oats and black oats were the ones that presented the closest ones. Thus, meat from lambs confined to a high-fat diet, because it presents results close to those recommended for healthy consumption, can be ingested without risk to consumers, since human food consists not only of sheep meat but must be nutritionally balanced. The joint analysis of the financial indicators indicated the feasibility of the confinement of lambs with a high grain diet only for the treatment based on corn grain, determining economic unviability in this study for the other evaluated treatments.
O presente experimento, conduzido no Laboratório de Ovinocultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da alimentação com dietas de alto grão, sobre a composição tecidual da carcaça, a composição centesimal e o perfil dos ácidos graxos depositados na carne de cordeiros terminados em confinamento, bem como a viabilidade econômica do sistema. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros machos, castrados, da raça Texel, nascidos de parto simples e desmamados com aproximadamente 50 dias de idade. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por diferentes tipos de grãos, não processados, sendo: grão de milho, grão de aveia branca, grão de aveia preta ou grão de arroz com casca. Os animais foram abatidos quando atingiram o peso vivo de abate pré-estabelecido de 32 kg, que corresponde a 60% do peso adulto de suas mães. Os cordeiros dos diferentes tratamentos apresentaram similaridade quanto a proporção de músculo. Porém, os cordeiros do tratamento a base de grão de milho apresentaram menor percentagem de osso e superior quantidade de gordura. Já considerando a variável colesterol os animais tratados com aveia preta apresentaram resultados inferiores a 90mg/100g, podendo ser considerado salutar a saúde humana nesta abordagem. Agrupando os ácidos graxos avaliados por grau de saturação, os cordeiros do tratamento a base de grão de milho apresentaram os menores resultados quando comparados aos demais, mas ao avaliar individualmente estes lipídios contatou-se que os animais desse tratamento continham a maior proporção de ácidos graxos não desejáveis quando comparado aqueles dos tratamentos a base de aveia branca, arroz com casca ou aveia preta. A relação poliinsaturado:saturado também apresentou resultados superiores para os cordeiros alimentados com a dieta a base de grão de milho quando comparado aos demais. Para avaliar a questão econômica foram consideradas cotações históricas consecutivas dos anos de 2003 a 2016. A análise univariada caracterizou-se por delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. A análise multivariada consistiu em agrupamento (cluster). Pela análise univariada, o único tratamento que se mostrou vantajoso foi o a base de grão de milho, onde foram encontrados valores para margem bruta de R$ 16,55; margem líquida de R$ 10,45; lucro de R$ 12,59; valor presente líquido de R$ 11,44; índice benefício:custo de 1,05; retorno adicional sobre o investimento de 2,4% a.m.; taxa interna de retorno de 3,3% a.m. e payback descontado de 1,91 meses. Pela análise de cluster, o tratamento a base de milho também foi o que apresentou maior discrepância em relação aos demais tratamentos, enquanto que os tratamentos a base de aveia branca e aveia preta foram os que se apresentaram mais próximos. Assim a carne proveniente de cordeiros confinados com dieta de alto grão, por apresentar resultados próximos aos preconizados para o consumo salutar, pode ser ingerida sem proporcionar risco aos consumidores, uma vez que a alimentação humana não consiste apenas em carne ovina devendo ser nutricionalmente balanceada. A análise conjunta dos indicadores financeiros indicou viabilidade do confinamento de cordeiros com dieta de alto grão somente para o tratamento a base de grão de milho, determinando inviabilidade econômica neste estudo para os demais tratamentos avaliados.
Gómez, Maria Elena de Los Dolores Bernal. ""Modulação da composição de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega 3 de ovos e tecidos de galinhas poedeiras, através da dieta. I. Estabilidade oxidativa"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-02062003-150007/.
Full textThe aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of diets containing flaxseed (rich in alpha-linolenic acid, LNA, omega-3) and natural antioxidants from oregano and rosemary on the level of incorporation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 3 (PUFA omega-3) in eggs and tissues of poultry. For this purpose, 192 laying hens at 22 weeks of age, of commercial lineage Babcock, were fed for 30 days with diets containing 0 (zero) or 5% of flaxseed oil. The hens were divided in 8 groups: 4 groups received diets with 5% of flaxseed oil (control / no antioxidant; BHA+BHT, 100+100 ppm; oregano, 200 ppm; rosemary, 200 ppm) and 4 groups received no flaxseed oil, but the same antioxidants. The sampling of the eggs was accomplished in 4 periods (0, 10, 20 and 30 days) and of the tissues of poultry (upper thigh, thigh, wing, breast, heart, adipose tissue and liver) at the end of experiment. The fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography and the lipid oxidation was determined by thiobarbituric acid test (TBA). The results showed that the levels of alpha-linolenic (LNA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids increased in egg yolks from hens of the 4 groups fed diets with 5% flaxseed oil after 10, 20 and 30 days, when compared with diets 0% flaxseed oil. In addition, the maximum incorporation of LNA and DHA in egg yolks was obtained after 20 days, with an index of incorporation ranging from 15 to 30 and from 2.5 to 4.5, respectively. Also, a significant decrease of lipid oxidation in egg yolks for all groups receiving antioxidants was observed, when related with control. In the tissues of the hens, there was also significant incorporation of the LNA and DHA acids, when comparing the 2 diets, with the liver presenting the major concentration of these fatty acids. It was also possible to verify the effectiveness of the natural antioxidants in the protection against lipid oxidation in upper thigh, thigh, wing and breast tissues. Therefore, rosemary and oregano can be used satisfactorily to obtain eggs and tissues of poultry enriched with PUFA omega-3, improving the lipid stability. Considering that the PUFA omega-3 have considerable interest in the human health, the administration of diets rich in alpha-linolenic acid from flaxseed to laying hens allows the eggs and tissues enrichment as an alternative source of PUFA omega-3.
Peres, Anelise Ribeiro [UNESP]. "Efeitos da dieta e da eficiência alimentar de touros jovens nelore sobre a expressão gênica e acúmulo intracelular de lipídeos em embriões pré-implantacionais produzidos in vitro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/156023.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-09-19T16:44:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 peres_ar_dr_jabo.pdf: 1833795 bytes, checksum: 8953d732ef286f330a73fc84245f9111 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T16:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 peres_ar_dr_jabo.pdf: 1833795 bytes, checksum: 8953d732ef286f330a73fc84245f9111 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27
Na bovinocultura de corte, a alimentação corresponde ao maior custo associado à produção de carne. A avaliação do consumo alimentar residual (CAR) tem sido uma ferramenta importante para direcionar a seleção de bovinos de corte e otimizar economicamente esta atividade. No entanto, alguns estudos mostram uma diminuição da motilidade, do perímetro escrotal, uma menor taxa de prenhez e parto em animais eficientes para CAR. Uma estratégia para solucionar tais problemas é a suplementação ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPs) que não apenas aumentam a densidade energética da dieta, mas também atuam na melhoria do desempenho reprodutivo. No entanto, o ideal é que tais características de seleção para CAR e efeito da suplementação com AGPs sejam passadas à prole, assim o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito paterno da seleção para consumo alimentar residual (CAR) e da suplementação dos touros com AGs para a PIVE, o acúmulo de lipídio embrionário e a expressão de genes. Animais classificados em baixo CAR e alto CAR foram utilizados no experimento. O delineamento experimental obedeceu a um esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (CAR x Suplementação), a análise estatística foi realizada pelo programa JPM (versão 5.0.1, SAS Institute). Após a amostragem, os animais foram separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: com suplementação de AGs protegido e com suplementação controle (sem AGs protegido). O experimento foi composto por quatro tratamentos, o sêmen dos touros foi congelado (4 tratamentos), sendo 6 animais suplementados com AGs protegido (3 baixo CAR e 3 alto CAR) e 6 animais com suplementação controle, sem AGs (3 baixo CAR e 3 alto CAR). O sêmen foi utilizado para produção in vitro de embriões; os blastocistos foram reservados para análise da quantificação de lipídios e os blastocistos expandidos para análise da expressão gênica. A quantificação de lipídios foi avaliada utilizando o corante Sudan Black B 1% e as imagens foram analisadas pelo programa Image J (National Institutes of Health, USA). A análise de expressão gênica dos embriões foi feita pela técnica de qPCR utilizando o sistema de micro-fluídica Biomark HD (Fluidigm®, South San Francisco, CA, USA). Não houve diferença na produção in vitro de embriões oriundos de animais CAR- ou CAR+, nem entre os tratamentos suplementados com AGs. Embriões de touros CAR+ apresentaram maior conteúdo lipídico quando comparado com o grupo CAR-. Os genes que apresentaram diferença associados à dieta foram o HMOX1, SREBF1 e o GPX4. Os referentes ao perfil CAR que diferiram foram o PLAC8, PPARGC1A e o NFE2L2. Os relacionados com a interação entre dieta e CAR que apresentaram diferença foram o RPLP0, ATF4, H3F3A, HSF1, HMGCS1, SLC2A5, NANOG, REST e o GPX4. Conclui-se que a dieta e a seleção para CAR dos touros afetou a expressão gênica dos embriões produzidos in vitro utilizando o sêmen desses animais.
In beef cattle, feed corresponds to the highest cost associated with meat production. The evaluation of the selection for residual feed intake (RFI) has been an important tool to direct the selection of beef cattle and economically optimize this activity. However, some studies show a decrease in motility, scrotal perimeter, a lower pregnancy and calving rate in efficient animals for RFI. One strategy to solve such problems is polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation that not only increases the energy density of the diet, but also improves reproductive performance. However, the ideal is that these characteristics of selection for RFI and effect of the supplementation with PUFA are passed to offspring, so the aim of this work was to evaluate the paternal effect of selection for residual feed intake and supplementation of bulls with fatty acids for in vitro produced embryos (IVPE), accumulation of embryonic lipid and gene expression. Animals classified under low RFI and high RFI were used in the experiment. The experimental design was based on a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (RFI x Supplementation), the statistical analysis was performed by the JPM program (version 5.0.1, SAS Institute). The animals were randomly divided into two groups: with protected fatty acids supplementation and with control supplementation (without protected fatty acids). The experiment was composed of four treatments, the semen of the bulls was frozen (4 treatments), 6 animals were supplemented with protected fatty acids (3 low RFI and 3 high RFI) and 6 animals with control supplementation, without protected fatty acids (3 low RFI and 3 high RFI). The semen was used for IVPE; blastocysts were reserved for analysis of lipid quantification and expanded blastocysts for analysis of gene expression. The quantification of lipids was evaluated using the Sudan Black B 1% dye and the images were analyzed by program Image J (National Institutes of Health, USA). The gene expression analysis of the embryos was done by the qPCR technique using the Biomark HD microfluidic system (Fluidigm®, South San Francisco, CA, USA). There was no difference in the in vitro production of embryos from RFI- or RFI+ animals, there was also no difference between treatments (supplementation). Embryos from RFI+ bulls presented higher intracytoplasmic lipid content than embryos from RFI- bulls. The genes that showed differences associated with the diet were HMOX1, SREBF1 and GPX4. The RFI associated genes that differed were PLAC8, PPARGC1A and NFE2L2. Those related to the interaction between diet and RFI that presented difference were RPLP0, ATF4, H3F3A, HSF1, HMGCS1, SLC2A5, NANOG, REST and GPX4. In conclusion, the diet and the selection for RFI of the bulls affected the gene expression of the embryos produced in vitro using the semen of these animals.
Martins, Maurício Furlan. "Efeito de diferentes fontes energéticas da dieta sobre a produção de metano ruminal utilizando a técnica de fermentação ruminal ex situ (micro-rúmen) em bovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-29052013-155630/.
Full textWorldwide issue raised in the last two decades, the generation of greenhouse gases (GGE) has, a contributor parcel in the methane emission by ruminants. Methane, a powerful GGE, is the final product of cattle fermentative process and, for representing productive potential loss, has been studied by nutritionist all over the world. In the search for strategies to reduce losses by methane, different diets, additives and nutritional management have been used. Vegetable lipid sources, such as soybean grain contain high content of unsaturated fatty acids and this type of lipid can contribute to methanogenesis reduction. On the other hand, the inclusion of a high pectin (citrus pulp) source in diets can contribute for methane production increase. In this sense, the objective of the present experiment was to evaluate different energy sources in diet on methane production and fermentation parameters in cattle. The design adopted was a replicated 3x3 Latin square with 16 day period and 3 treatments: Control: Low ether extract diet (3.50% of EE); Soybean: High ether extract diet (inclusion of 15% of soybean grain with 5.30% of EE); Citrus pulp: Low ether extract and high inclusion of pectin diet (inclusion of 15% of citrus pulp with 3.0% of EE). Dry matter intake (DMI) was obtained by the difference between the offered and the surplus of the diet at the last six experimental days. Rumen total liquid volume, total solid volume, solid turnover and ruminal passage rate were obtained by the emptying of this organ performed at days 11 and 12 of each experimental period, before and 3 hours after morning feeding. The solid content was manually removed and the liquid by vacuum pulp and both samples weighed separately. A sample of 10% was used to determine dry matter of rumen content and correct total solid volume. At day 16 of experimental period, ruminal pH was determined by a data logger of continuous measurement. At this day, ruminal content sampling was carried out before, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after morning feeding for short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. Rumen fluid was also collected, through vacuum pulp, for ammonia nitrogen determination. The technique applied to measure methane and SCFA production was the ex situ rumen fermentation that consists on the incubation of penicillin flasks with solid and liquid rumen content in a thermostatic bath for 30 min. After, methane and SCFA determinations were carried out by gas chromatography and the relative energy loss (REL) was estimated. The REL evaluates the efficiency of feed fermentation. In other words, verifies methane loss when compared to other fermentation products. It was observed effect of treatment (P<0.05) for DMI, rumen solid turnover and passage rate. Soybean diet had lower values than control and citrus pulp diet in all these parameters. Treatments did not significantly differ (P>0.05) for total solid volume. The variables mean and maximum ruminal pH, time wich pH was under 5.8; 6.0 and 6.2, as well as, pH area under 5.8 and 6.2 did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. However, minimum pH was higher (P<0.05) in soybean group when compared to control, without difference of two groups to citrus pulp. pH area under 6.0 was lesser (P<0.05) in soybean group compared with control group, without difference of two groups to citrus pulp. For ammonia nitrogen determination, it was not observed difference (P>0.05) between treatments. Total SCFA, acetate and butirate production (mMol/kg/day) were increased in citrus pulp diet and were decreased in soybean diet. No diet altered (P>0.05) methane production or REL. The inclusion of lipids in the diet of cattle can reduce methane production, but this effect is not specific methanogenic archaea on and therefore does not alter the efficiency of rumen fermentation. Already pectin can increase the production of methane, having high fermentability rumen, without however changing the inefficiency of this process.
Almeida, Jussara Carnevale de. "Lipideos dietéticos em pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2 : aspectos relacionados à nefropatia e efeitos do polimorfismo Ala54Thr do gene FABP2." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13418.
Full text