Journal articles: 'Lipidos de la dieta'

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Arenas Guiza, Florami, and Javier Alonso Trujillo. "Efecto de la dieta KOT sobre el riesgo aterogénico en mujeres obesas." Revista CuidArte 3, no. 5 (February 17, 2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fesi.23958979e.2014.3.5.69089.

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<div>El perfil de lípidos es indicador del riesgo aterogénico. Existen dietas hiperprotéicas, hipocalórica con bajo índice glucémico y rica en fibra como la dieta KOT que probablemente disminuya</div><div>el riesgo aterogénico. La dieta KOT (diseñada por laboratorios CEPRODI-KOT en Francia), consisten en un conjunto de fórmulas alimenticias creadas por especialistas en nutrición. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que el consumo de una dieta KOT durante dos semanas, puede mantener dentro de límites normales los niveles de colesterol, triglicéridos, HDLc, LDLc y disminuir el riesgo aterogénico en mujeres adultas obesas. Esta investigación es cuasi-experimental, prospectiva,</div><div>longitudinal, y analítica. Los resultados mostraron disminuciones en todos los indicadores del perfil de lípidos y en el riesgo aterogénico, sin embargo, solo el colesterol mostró que esta disminución fue estadísticamente significativa. La dieta KOT protege contra el riesgo aterogénico pero se sugiere que su consumo sea superior a dos semanas.</div><div><br /></div><div>Palabras clave: Riesgo aterogénico, Obesidad, Dieta hiperprotéica, Dieta hipocalórica, Dieta rica en fibra.</div><div><br /></div><div><div>The profile of lipids is an indicator of aterogenic risk. Diets exist hiperproteic, low-calorie with low index glucemic and rich in fiber as the diet KOT that probably diminishes the aterogenic risk. The KOT diet (designed by CEPRODI-KOT in France), they consist of a set of food formulae created by specialists of nutrition. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the consumption of a diet KOT for two weeks, can support inside normal limits the levels of cholesterol, tryglicerides, HDLc, LDLc and diminish the aterogenic risk in adult obese</div><div>women. This investigation is quasi-experimental, market, longitudinal, and analytical. The results showed decreases in all the indicators of the profile of lipids and in the aterogenic risk, nevertheless, only the cholesterol showed that this decrease was statistically significant. The diet KOT protects</div><div>against the aterogenic risk but it is suggested that his consumption should be superior to two weeks.</div><div><br /></div><div>Key words: Aterogenic risk, Obesity, Hiperproteic diet, Hipocaloric diet, Rich in fiber diet.</div></div>

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Dahdah, Norma, Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa, Sara Samino, Pau Gama-Perez, Laura Herrero, José Carlos Perales, Oscar Yanes, Maria Del Mar Malagón, and Pablo Miguel Garcia-Roves. "Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in Tissue-Specific Lipidomic Profile of Formerly Obese Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073694.

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Lipids are highly diverse in their composition, properties and distribution in different biological entities. We aim to establish the lipidomes of several insulin-sensitive tissues and to test their plasticity when divergent feeding regimens and lifestyles are imposed. Here, we report a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) study of lipid abundance across 4 tissues of C57Bl6J male mice that includes the changes in the lipid profile after every lifestyle intervention. Every tissue analysed presented a specific lipid profile irrespective of interventions. Glycerolipids and fatty acids were most abundant in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) followed by liver, whereas sterol lipids and phosphoglycerolipids were highly enriched in hypothalamus, and gastrocnemius had the lowest content in all lipid species compared to the other tissues. Both when subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and after a subsequent lifestyle intervention (INT), the lipidome of hypothalamus showed no changes. Gastrocnemius and liver revealed a pattern of increase in content in many lipid species after HFD followed by a regression to basal levels after INT, while eWAT lipidome was affected mainly by the fat composition of the administered diets and not their caloric density. Thus, the present study demonstrates a unique lipidome for each tissue modulated by caloric intake and dietary composition.

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Corrêa, Maria José Pinheiro, Maria Isabel Rodríguez-García, and Adela Olmedilla Arnal. "Caracterización histoquimica de la etapa temprana del desarrollo del fruto del olivo (Olea europaea L.)." Acta Botanica Brasilica 16, no. 1 (January 2002): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062002000100009.

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Se estudia el desarrollo a nivel histoquimico de la etapa temprana del fruto del olivo (Olea europaea L.) variedad Picual, vigorosa y elevado rendimiento graso. Para ello, se utilizaron flores de olivo recién fecundadas y también com tres, siete y diez días tras la fecundación. Hemos utilizado tinción com "Sudan Black", para hacer un seguimiento de los lípidos en las diferentes etapas de desarrollo del fruto del olivo. Como resultado se puede decir que en la etapa temprana del desarrollo del fruto, el exocarpo se presenta rico en lípidos en todas las etapas de estudio. El mesocarpo y el embrión presentan tinción no homogénea, o sea, hay algunas regiones de ellos que presentan lipidos, mientras que la zona vascular del mesocarpo y el endocarpo se presentan libre de tinción y la zona vascular del embrión se mantiene rica en lipidos.

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Ordóñez, J. A., M. O. López, E. Hierro, M. I. Cambero, and L. de la Hoz. "Efecto de la dieta de cerdos ibéricos sobre la composición en ácidos grasos del tejido adiposo y muscular / Effect of diet on the fatty acid composition of adipose and muscular tissue in Iberian pigs." Food Science and Technology International 2, no. 6 (December 1996): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329600200604.

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The fatty acid composition of total, apolar and polar lipid fractions from adipose and muscular tissues of Iberian pigs was determined. Animals were fed on diets of pasture and acorns ( montanera), acorns and cereals ( recebo) or cereals ( cebo ). The principal fatty acids in the total and apolar lipid fractions from muscular tissue were C18.1 (39-51%), C16.0 (21-27%), C18.0 (11-21%), C18.2 (3-7%) and C18.3 (1.7-5.4%). Significant differences were observed only in some cases. In the total lipid fraction from the muscular tissue significant differences ( p ≤ 0.05) were found between all three batches for the C161 fatty acid and between the cebo batch and the others for both C181 and C18:0. In total lipids from the adipose tissue, significant differences were found for both C161 and C18:3 between all three batches, and for C16:1 and C18:1 differences were observed only between the montanera batch and the others. The differences between batches in the apolar and polar frac tions were smaller than those for total lipids. A 100% partition among the three different diets studied was not obtained when a stepwise discriminant analysis was applied.

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Gomes, Ricácio Luan Marques, Evandro Bilha Moro, Bruno dos Santos Sosa, Danielle Zanerato Damasceno, Mariana Lins Rodrigues, and Fábio Bittencourt. "Sources of lipids in diets for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles." Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 45, no. 2 (April 4, 2019): e.465. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2019.45.2.465.

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Barrea, Luigi, Giovanni Tarantino, Carolina Di Somma, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Paolo Emidio Macchia, Andrea Falco, Annamaria Colao, and Silvia Savastano. "Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Circulating Levels of Sirtuin 4 in Obese Patients: A Novel Association." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6101254.

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Purpose. This study was aimed at evaluating sirtuin 4 (Sirt4) levels in obese individuals, in relation to their adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), a healthy dietary pattern characterized by high antioxidant capacity, and markers of visceral fat storage.Subjects/Methods. Forty-three obese patients (44% males; BMI: 36.7–58.8 kg/m2) were consecutively included. PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) and the 7-day food records were used to assess the adherence to MD and dietary pattern, respectively. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) was calculated. Sirt4 levels were detected by ELISA method.Results. The majority of the obese participants (62.8%) had an average adherence to MD. Compared with average adherers, low adherers had higher BMI, energy intake, and percentage of energy from lipids, mainly saturated fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and lower Sirt4 levels. After adjusting for BMI, Sirt4 levels remained negatively correlated with VAI. After adjusting for total energy intake, Sirt4 levels remained negatively associated with PREDIMED and consumption of n-3 PUFA, vitamins C and E. The threshold value of PREDIMED predicting the lowest decrease in Sirt4 levels was found at a score of 6.Conclusions. Less reduced Sirt4 levels in obese patients adhering to MD suggest a further aspect of the antioxidant advantage of MD.

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Straková, E., P. Suchý, V. Večerek, V. Šerman, N. Mas, and M. Jůzl. "Nutritional Composition of Seeds of the Genus Lupinus." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 4 (2006): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675040489.

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The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the chemical composition of the seeds of the genus Lupinus and soybeans. The chemical analyses were carried out in frequently grown lupin varieties in Europe (AMIGA, ANDA, ATU, BORUTA, BUTAN, DIETA, JUNO, KARO, PRIMA, ROSE, SONET and WATT) and two locally grown varieties of soybeans (KORADA and VISION). The contents of individual substances in analysed lupin seeds showed large differences in chemical composition of individual lupin varieties (crude protein: 317.06 - 458.86 g kg-1; lipids: 52.15 - 125.76 g kg-1; fibre: 101.21 - 154.23 g kg-1; non-nitrogenous extractive substances: 285.94 - 436.47 g kg-1; starch: 41.31 - 102.65 g kg-1; organic matter: 951.75 - 966.24 g kg-1; ash: 33.76 - 48.25 g kg-1; calcium: 2.29 - 5.10 g kg-1; phosphorus: 4.62 - 8.04 g kg-1; magnesium: 1.36 - 2.51 g kg-1; acid detergent fibre: 133.13 - 209.25 g kg-1). Lupin seeds were characterized by high contents of crude protein; in some varieties they significantly exceeded the content of crude protein in soybeans. In contrast to lupine seeds, soybeans contained a significantly higher content of lipids and lower content of fibre including acid detergent fibre. In lupin seeds, a negative correlation coefficient was found between the crude protein and BNLV content (r = -0.93) and between crude protein and starch content (r = -0.79). A positive correlation (r = 0.76) was found between the starch and BNLV content in lupin seeds. The results of the study provide information not only for growers regarding the choice of individual lupin varieties, but also for breeders who intend to use lupin seeds as suitable components for feed rations and mixtures.

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Sæle, Øystein, Andreas Nordgreen, Pål A. Olsvik, Jan I. Hjelle, Torstein Harboe, and Kristin Hamre. "Toxic effects of dietary hydrolysed lipids: an in vivo study on fish larvae." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 6 (July 20, 2012): 1071–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451200284x.

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We have previously described that fish larvae absorb a larger fraction of dietary monoacylglycerol than TAG. To investigate how dietary hydrolysed lipids affect a vertebrate at early life stages over time, we fed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae six diets with different degrees of hydrolysed lipids for 30 d. The different diets had no effect on growth, but there was a positive correlation between the level of hydrolysed lipids in the diets and mortality. Important genes in lipid metabolism, such as PPAR, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), were regulated by the different diets. Genes involved in the oxidative stress response did not respond to the increased lipid hydrolysation in the diets. However, enterocyte damage was observed in animals fed diets with 2·7 % NEFA (diet 3) or more. It is thus possible that mortality was due to infections and/or osmotic stress due to the exposure of the subepithelial tissue. In contrast to earlier experiments showing a positive effect of dietary hydrolysed lipids, we have demonstrated a toxic effect of dietary NEFA on Atlantic cod larvae. Toxicity is not acute but needs time to accumulate.

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Boll, Meinrad, Lutz W. D. Weber, and Andreas Stampfl. "The Response of Rat Serum Lipids to Diets of Varying Composition or Contaminated with Organochlorine Pesticides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 51, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1996): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1996-1-216.

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Abstract The effects of different diets (high carbohydrate, high protein, high fat) and diets contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and/or γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) on the levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids were investigated in Wistar rats. Serum triglyceride levels differed significantly among the diets, while those of cholesterol and phospholipids were much less affected by the diet composition. A change in diet composition resulted in a gradual adaptation to the lipid levels characteristic of the new diet with major variations including oscillations. There was, however, no specific component of a diet that could be associated with any specific change in serum lipids. While feed deprivation decreased the serum lipids (40-65% in 3 days), refeeding the starved animals caused pronounced increases of the lipids that were different among the diets. The response of the triglyceride levels was the strongest (up to 10 times the starvation levels) followed by those of the phospholipids (4-fold) and cholesterol (2.5-fold). Response of the triglyceride levels peaked within 1 or 2 days of refeeding, whereas those of cholesterol and phospholipids took 4 days to reach the maximum. Feeding PCB-contaminated diets increased the serum lipids in a dose-dependent manner (15-250 ppm). Higher PCB concentrations were increasingly inhibitory (350 ppm) or overtly toxic (> 400 ppm). Elevated lipids returned to the starting levels immediately after peaking (triglycerides) or only after several days (cholesterol, phospholipids) but with an earlier onset at lower PCB concentrations. Refeeding starved animals with PCB- contaminated diets also increased the serum lipids dose-dependently. Feeding lindane-containing diets (50-150 ppm) as well as refeeding animals with lindane diets resulted in a considerable increase of the triglyceride levels, while cholesterol and phospohlipids increased much less. Higher lindane concentrations ( 250 ppm) were inhibitory. The outcome on serum lipid levels on feeding diets contaminated with both PCBs and lindane was basically additive.

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Lindqvist, Helen M., Linnea Bärebring, Inger Gjertsson, Antti Jylhä, Reijo Laaksonen, Anna Winkvist, and Mika Hilvo. "A Randomized Controlled Dietary Intervention Improved the Serum Lipid Signature towards a Less Atherogenic Profile in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Metabolites 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11090632.

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Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). One explanation for this is its effect on specific lipids. However, knowledge on how the lipidome is affected is limited. We aimed to investigate if diet can change the new ceramide- and phospholipid-based CVD risk score CERT2 and the serum lipidome towards a more favorable CVD signature. In a crossover trial (ADIRA), 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had 10 weeks of a Mediterranean-style diet intervention or a Western-style control diet and then switched diets after a 4-month wash-out-period. Five hundred and thirty-eight individual lipids were measured in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Lipid risk scores were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test or mixed model and lipidomic data with multivariate statistical methods. In the main analysis, including the 46 participants completing ≥1 diet period, there was no significant difference in CERT2 after the intervention compared with the control, although several CERT2 components were changed within periods. In addition, triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, phosphatidylcholines, alkylphosphatidylcholines and alkenylphosphatidylcholines had a healthier composition after the intervention compared to after the control diet. This trial indicates that certain dietary changes can improve the serum lipid signature towards a less atherogenic profile in patients with RA.

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Medina, J. R., A. Melica, J. Lorenzati, and G. A. Pérez. "ESTUDIO DE UN PROTOCOLO PARA DETERMINAR AUTOXIDACION EN LIPIDOS DE PRODUCTOS DE PESCADO RIO." Nexo Revista Científica 29, no. 01 (July 8, 2017): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v29i01.4396.

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En Argentina, la especie de río de agua dulce más abundante pero sin valor comercial es el sábalo (Prochilodus platensis), por este motivo se ha desarrollado tecnologías de aprovechamiento de dicha especie. Sin embargo, su valor lipídico más alto en comparación a los peces de mar, acelera el proceso de oxidación, afectando sus propiedades y su calidad sensorial. Aquí se implementará un esquema metodológico adecuado para evaluar la autoxidación en el músculo fresco de sábalo sin procesar y su concentrado proteico, ambos conservados a -20ºC, siguiendo el deterioro según el índice de peróxidos, compuestos reactivos al ácido tiobarbitúrico e hierro hemínico. Se encontró que la determinación de TBARS es más eficiente el desarrollo de color a temperaturas de ebullición, y un incremento en la concentración del reactivo TBA no mejora significativamente la señal de absorbancia. La presencia de crioprotectores es una limitante a la técnica TBARS, el cual provoca importantes interferencias. El nivel de hierro hemínico presenta una disminución proporcional según sea el tiempo de incubación y la cocción de las muestras. Los niveles de peróxidos en muestras de músculo fresco y surimi son muy bajos, implicando que si la conservación es controlada se evita este deterioro.

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Cichocka, Aleksandra. "Dieta DASH najlepsza dieta w nadciśnieniu." PRZEMYSŁ SPOŻYWCZY 1, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/65.2018.11.8.

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Ciani, Silvia, and Carlo Maria Rotella. "Dieta mediterranea versus dieta a zona." L'Endocrinologo 10, no. 2 (June 2009): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03344651.

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Yang, Xiuwei, and Terry A. Dick. "Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Differ in Their Growth and Lipid Metabolism in Response to Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-139.

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Juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed one commercial and three casein-based diets varying in amounts of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, two polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), for 12 wk at 10 °C. Both species on the diet without PUFA had lower specific growth rate (SGR) but higher percentages of liver neutral lipids and 20:3n-9 in liver polar lipids than those fed high PUFA content or commercial diets. Regardless of the amount of 18:3n-3 in the diets, the percentages of 20:3n-9 and 20:3n-9/22:6n-3 in liver or muscle polar lipids were significantly lower in char than in trout; values in trout were lower than reported in other studies. These findings question the use of 20:3n-9/22:6n-3 as an indicator of essential fatty acid status for both species. Different levels of 20:3n-9, 22:6n-3, and other PUFAs in tissue polar lipids of the two species suggest that Δ6 and/or Δ5 desaturases are less efficient in char. While trout fed test diets had slightly less 20:4n-6 than wild trout, char had 1/10 less 20:4n-6 in muscle polar and total lipids than wild char, suggesting that char may require n-6 and n-3 PUFA in their diet for optimal performance.

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Karnovsky, NJ, KA Hobson, and SJ Iverson. "From lavage to lipids: estimating diets of seabirds." Marine Ecology Progress Series 451 (April 11, 2012): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09713.

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Ferdowsian, Hope R., and Neal D. Barnard. "Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Plasma Lipids." American Journal of Cardiology 104, no. 7 (October 2009): 947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.032.

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Julián Viñals, R. "Dieta vegetarian." FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria 10, no. 1 (January 2003): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1134-2072(03)75656-4.

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MACEDO, C. F., and R. M. PINTO-CORLHO. "Nutritional status response of Daphania laevis and Moina micura from a tropical reservoir to different algal diets: Scenedesmus quadricauda and Ankistrodesmus gracilis." Brazilian Journal of Biology 61, no. 4 (November 2001): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842001000400005.

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The accumulation of lipid reserves was investigated in two common cladoceran species typical of neotropical freshwaters. Experiments were performed in order to measure differential accumulation of lipid reserves in response to two algal diets, S. quadricauda and A. gracilis. The larger D. laevis fed with the Ankistrodesmus diet accumulated a higher amount of total lipids. The average lipid content for both diets was 11.1% and 22.1% dry weight for Scenedesmus and Ankistrodemsus, respectively. This difference was found to be highly significant. The superior nutritional quality of A. gracilis was confirmed by the experiments using the smaller Moina micrura. This cladoceran accumulated 11.4% and 19.9% of the average dry weight of lipids from Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus, respectively. The study also found that most lipid reserves are concentrated as triacylglycerols in both cladocerans. The relative contribution of this class of lipids also varied according to the diet. For Daphnia, for instance, the average triacylglycerol levels varied from 6.2 to 11.0 with the Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus diets, respectively.

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Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Jun Li, Frank B. Hu, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, and Deirdre K. Tobias. "Effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review of controlled trials." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy091.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Intervention studies suggest that incorporating walnuts into the diet may improve blood lipids without promoting weight gain. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials evaluating the effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors. Design We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE databases (from database inception to January 2018) of clinical trials comparing walnut-enriched diets with control diets. We performed random-effects meta-analyses comparing walnut-enriched and control diets for changes in pre-post intervention in blood lipids (mmol/L), apolipoproteins (mg/dL), body weight (kg), and blood pressure (mm Hg). RESULTS Twenty-six clinical trials with a total of 1059 participants were included. The following weighted mean differences (WMDs) in reductions were obtained for walnut-enriched diets compared with control groups: −6.99 mg/dL (95% CI: −9.39, −4.58 mg/dL; P < 0.001) (3.25% greater reduction) for total blood cholesterol (TC) and −5.51 mg/dL (95% CI: −7.72, −3.29 mg/dL; P < 0.001) (3.73% greater reduction) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Triglyceride concentrations were also reduced in walnut-enriched diets compared with control [WMD = −4.69 (95% CI: −8.93, −0.45); P = 0.03; 5.52% greater reduction]. More pronounced reductions in blood lipids were observed when walnut interventions were compared with American and Western diets [WMD for TC = −12.30 (95% CI: −23.17, −1.43) and for LDL = −8.28 (95% CI: −13.04, −3.51); P < 0.001]. Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) was also reduced significantly more on walnut-enriched diets compared with control groups [WMD = −3.74 (95% CI: −6.51, −0.97); P = 0.008] and a trend towards a reduction was observed for apolipoprotein A [WMD = −2.91 (95% CI: −5.98, 0.08); P = 0.057]. Walnut-enriched diets did not lead to significant differences in weight change (kg) compared with control diets [WMD = −0.12 (95% CI: −2.12, 1.88); P = 0.90], systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [WMD = −0.72 (95% CI: −2.75, 1.30); P = 0.48], or diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [WMD = −0.10 (95% CI: −1.49, 1.30); P = 0.88]. Conclusions Incorporating walnuts into the diet improved blood lipid profile without adversely affecting body weight or blood pressure.

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de la Hoz, L., M. O. López, E. Hierro, M. I. Cambero, and J. A. Ordóñez. "Efecto de la dieta de cerdos ibéricos sobre la composición en ácidos grasos de la grasa intramuscular e intermuscular de jamones / Effect of diet on the fatty acid composition of intramuscular and intermuscular fat in Iberian pig cured hams." Food Science and Technology International 2, no. 6 (December 1996): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329600200605.

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The fatty acid composition of total, apolar and polar lipid fractions from intra- and intermuscular fat of Iberian pig cured hams was determined. Animals were fed with diets of pasture and acorns ( montanera), acorns and cereals ( recebo) or cereals ( cebo). The major fatty acids from the total and apolar lipid fraction of Iberian pig cured ham muscular tissue were C18:1 (45-54%), C16:0 (22-26%) and C18:1 (10-13%). The same fatty acids were the major components in the total and apolar lipids from intermuscular fat of Iberian pig cured hams, with values ranging from 44 to 53% for C18:1, from 21 to 27% for C16:0 and from 10 to 14% for C18:0. In the total lipid fraction from intramus cular fat significant differences ( p ≤ 0.05) were found between all three batches in the composi tion of C18:1 and C 18:2, and between montanera and the other two batches in the fatty acids C14:0 and C16:0. For intermuscular fat, significant differences ( p ≤ 0.05) were observed between all three batches for the fatty acids C14:0, C16:0, C18:1 , C18:2 and C18:3. Although significant differences in the composition of some fatty acids of the total lipid fraction from intra- and intermuscular fat were due to the feeding system, a 100% partition among the three different diets was not obtained when stepwise discriminant analysis was applied. The results were not improved when the apolar lipid fraction was analysed.

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Hardman, Adrianne E. "High-carbohydrate diets, physical activity, and plasma lipoprotein lipids." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.4.1061.

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Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Valentina, Carmen M. Vázquez, and Consuelo Santa-Maria. "Liver Lipid Composition and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After Ingestion of Dietary Fats (Fish, Olive and High-Oleic Sunflower Oils)." Bioscience Reports 21, no. 3 (June 1, 2001): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1013277914213.

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Hypertension is associated with greater than normal lipoperoxidation and an imbalance in antioxidant status, suggesting that oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of this disease. Although many studies have examined the effect of antioxidants in the diet on hypertensión and other disorders, less attention has been given to the evaluation of the role of specific dietary lipids in modulating endogenous antioxidant enzyme status. Previously, we have described that liver antioxidant enzyme activities may be modulated by consumption of different oils in normotensive rats. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of feeding different lipidic diets (olive oil, OO, high-oleic-acid sunflower oil, HOSO, and fish oil, FO) on liver antioxidant enzyme activities of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Plasma and liver lipid composition was also studied. Total triacylglycerol concentration increases in plasma and liver of animals fed on the HOSO and OO diets and decreases in those fed on the FO diet, relative to rats fed the control diet. The animals fed on the oil-enriched diet show similar hepatic cholesterol and phospholipid contents, which are higher than the control group. Consumption of the FO diet results in a decrease in the total cholesterol and phospholipid concentration in plasma, compared with the high-oleic-acid diets. In liver, the FO group show higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the (n-3) series, in relation to the animals fed on the diets enriched in oleic acid. Livers of FO-fed rats, compared with those of OO- and HOSO-fed rats showed: (i) significantly higher activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase; (ii) no differences in the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity. The HOSO diet had a similar effect on liver antioxidant enzyme activities as the OO diet. In conclusion, it appears that changes in the liver fatty acid composition due mainly to n-3 lipids may enhance the efficiency of the antioxidant defence system and may yield a benefit in the hypertension status. The two monounsaturated fatty acids oils studied (OO and HOSO), with the same high content of oleic acid, but different content of natural antioxidants, had similar effects on the antioxidant enzyme activities studied.

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Polichetti, Elisabeth, Nicolas Diaconescu, Paulette Lechene De La Porte, Lina Malli, Henri Portugal, Anne-Marie Pauli, Huguette Lafond, Beatriz Tuchweber, Ibrahim Yousef, and Francoise Chanussot. "Cholesterol-lowering effect of soyabean lecithin in normolipidaemic rats by stimulation of biliary lipid secretion." British Journal of Nutrition 75, no. 3 (March 1996): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960148.

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AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to assess the role of the liver in the plasma-cholesterol-lowering effect of soyabean lecithin. Normolipidaemic rats were fed on lecithin-enriched or control diets with the same amount of protein. The lecithin diets contained 200 g/kg high-fat commercial semi-purified soyabean lecithin (230 g/kg total lipids as soyabean phosphatidylcholine) or 200 g/kg high-fat purified soyabean lecithin (930 g/kg total lipids as soyabean phosphatidylcholine). The control diets were a low-fat diet (40 g fat/kg) and a high-fat triacylglycerol-rich diet (200 g fat/kg). The high-fat diets were isoenergetic. The cholesterol-lowering effect of the lecithin-enriched diets was associated with significantly lower levels of plasma total- and HDL-cholesterol and significantly higher levels of bile phosphatidylcholine (PC), bile salts and cholesterol. These findings suggest that the liver plays a major role in the reduction of plasma cholesterol, the increased biliary lipid being provided by both HDL and the hepatic microsomal pools of PC and cholesterol.

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24

Hodgkin, D. D., R. J. Boucek, R. E. Purdy, W. J. Pearce, I. M. Fraser, and R. D. Gilbert. "Dietary lipids modify receptor- and non-receptor-dependent components of alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): R1465—R1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.6.r1465.

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Dietary lipid modulation of alpha-adrenoceptor (adrenergic receptor)- and non-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile properties of isolated rat abdominal aortic segments were assessed during the early developmental period. Rats were raised from conception to 90 days of age on semisynthetic diets containing various types and amounts of lipids. Aortic segments from three groups of rats fed high-fat diets (15% wt/wt) consisting of olive oil, corn oil, or lard as the sole lipid sources were compared with those from rats fed a low-fat control diet containing corn oil (5% wt/wt). alpha-Adrenoceptor activities were assessed by measuring the norepinephrine dose response of the tissue rings with and without partial inactivation of alpha-receptors by benextramine. alpha-Adrenoceptor sensitivity to norepinephrine increased, whereas receptor affinity decreased significantly in rats raised on high-fat diets. Qualitative features of dietary lipids influenced non-adrenoceptor-dependent aspects of vascular contractility. Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (high- and low-fat corn oil) raised the maximum response to norepinephrine and the contractile response to 60 mM potassium compared with more-saturated diets (olive oil and lard). These results demonstrate an effect of chronic feeding of high dietary fat on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contractility of abdominal aortic rings from young Sprague-Dawley rats. Qualitative features of dietary lipids also appear to modify receptor-independent parameters of the contractile response of the arterial tissue rings in these animals.

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SUH, M., M. BELOSEVIC, and M. T. CLANDININ. "Dietary lipids containing gangliosides reduceGiardia murisinfectionin vivoand survival ofGiardia lambliatrophozoitesin vitro." Parasitology 128, no. 6 (May 13, 2004): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004005128.

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We examined whether a ganglioside supplemented diet affected the course ofGiardia murisinfection in mice and survival ofGiardia lambliatrophozoitesin vitro. Female CD-1 mice were fed 1 of 5 experimental diets: standard lab chow as a control diet; semi-synthetic diets containing 20% (w/w) triglyceride based on the fat composition of a conventional infant formula; triglyceride diet; triglyceride diet containing a low level of ganglioside (0·1% w/w); and triglyceride diet containing a high level of ganglioside (1·0% w/w of diet). After 2 weeks of feeding, mice were inoculated withG. murisby gastric intubation and fed the experimental diets during the course of the infection. Cysts released in the faeces and trophozoites present in the small intestine were enumerated at various times post-infection. The average cyst output and the number of trophozoites during the course of the infection in mice fed ganglioside-containing diet were found to be significantly lower (3-log10reduction) compared to animals fed control diets. The results ofin vitrogrowth studies indicated that gangliosides may be directly toxic to the parasites. Thus, gangliosides have a protective effect againstG. murisinfectionin vivoand affect the survival ofG. lambliatrophozoitesin vitro.

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26

Mosavat, Nima, Mohammad Chamani, Farhad Foroudi, and Ali Asghar Sadeghi. "The effects of different levels of Betaine-HCI in diets on broiler performance, characteristics carcass and blood lipids." International Journal of Academic Research 7, no. 3 (May 30, 2015): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2015/7-3/a.5.

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27

Martínez Marín, Andrés L., Nieves Núñez Sánchez, Ana I. Garzón Sigler, Francisco Peña Blanco, and Miguel Angel De la Fuente. "Short communication: Relationships between the daily intake of unsaturated plant lipids and the contents of major milk fatty acids in dairy goats." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): e06SC03. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2015132-6509.

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<p>A meta-regression of the effects of the amount of plant lipids consumed by dairy goats on the contents of some milk fat fatty acids (FA) was carried out. Fourteen peer-reviewed published papers reporting 17 experiments were used in the study. Those experiments compared control diets without added fat with diets that included plant lipids rich in unsaturated FA, summing up to 64 treatments. The results showed that increasing daily intake of plant lipids linearly reduced the contents of all medium chain saturated FA in milk fat. Moreover, it was observed that the longer the chain of the milk saturated FA, the greater the negative effect of the plant lipid intake on their contents. On the other hand, the contents of stearic acid and the sum of oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids in milk fat linearly increased as daily plant lipid intake rose. The results obtained corroborate previous reports on the effects of feeding dairy goats with increasing amounts of unsaturated plant lipids on milk FA profile.</p>

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Beppu, Silvio Roberto Gomes, Ana Paula Vidotti, Andréia Pereira Vieira, and Carmem Patrícia Barbosa. "DIETA CARDIOPROTETORA BRASILEIRA." Arquivos do Museu Dinâmico Interdisciplinar 23, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/arqmudi.v23i3.51507.

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Vásquez Duque, Gloria María. "Dieta y lupus." Revista Colombiana de Reumatología 26, no. 2 (April 2019): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcreu.2019.05.002.

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de Diego Damiá, A., and M. Perpiñá Tordera. "Dieta y asma." Archivos de Bronconeumología 31, no. 2 (February 1995): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30967-4.

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31

Ezquerra, Rafael. "Dieta y osteoporosis." Endocrinología y Nutrición 53, no. 5 (May 2006): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1575-0922(06)71108-1.

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Vázquez, C., C. Montagna, M. Garriga, F. Alcaraz, E. Martín, J. I. Botella, F. Arrieta, D. Del Olmo, P. Martínez de Icaya, and J. A. Balsa. "Dieta y ejercicio." Endocrinología y Nutrición 55 (January 2008): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1575-0922(08)76257-0.

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Tercedor Sánchez, Jesús, and Martín López de la Torre Casares. "Acné y dieta." Piel 18, no. 9 (January 2003): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0213-9251(03)72758-0.

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34

Kalt, W., Kim Foote, S. A. E. Fillmore, Martha Lyon, T. A. Van Lunen, and K. B. McRae. "Effect of blueberry feeding on plasma lipids in pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 100, no. 1 (July 2008): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507877658.

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Two feeding trials were conducted with pigs to determine the effects of blueberry supplementation on plasma lipid levels and other indices of cardiovascular benefit. In the first trial, where basal diets contained a high level of plant-based components (70 % soya, oats and barley), supplementation with 1, 2 and 4 % blueberries resulted in a decrease in total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol. The greatest reduction was observed in the 2 % blueberry-fed pigs, where total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol were reduced 11·7, 15·1 and 8·3 %, respectively. In the second trial where basal diets contained only 20 % (w/w) of soya, oats and barley, the lipid-modulating effect of blueberries was attenuated, so that supplementation with 1·5 % blueberries reduced total cholesterol by 8 %, which occurred only in pigs whose diets had been supplemented with cholesterol (0·08 %), NaCl (0·11 %) and fructose (9 %). In the first feeding trial, blueberry supplementation had no effect on blood platelet activity. Blueberry supplementation also had no effect on the susceptibility of leucocyte DNA to oxidation in the first trial and no effect on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in the second trial. Results of these two feeding trials are discussed in relation to the effects of basal diet composition on lipid-modulating effects of blueberries.

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Bauchart, D., F. Legay- Carmier, M. Doreau, and B. Gaillard. "Lipid metabolism of liquid-associated and solid-adherent bacteria gin rumen contents of dairy cows offered lipid-supplemented diets." British Journal of Nutrition 63, no. 3 (May 1990): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19900143.

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The lipid distribution and fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids, polar lipids and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) and solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) isolated from the rumen contents of seven dairy cows fitted with rumen fistulas. Two experiments, arranged according to a 4 x 4 and 3 x 3 Latin Square design, were performed using two basal diets consisting of one part hay and one part barley-based concentrate, and five lipid-supplemented diets consisting of the basal diet plus (g/kg dry matter): 53 or 94 rapeseed oil, 98 tallow, 87 soya-bean oil or 94 palmitostearin. For all diets used, total lipids were 1.7–2.2 times higher in SAB than in LAB (P < 005); this probably resulted from a preferential incorporation of dietary FA adsorbed onto food particles. Addition of oil or fat to the diets did not modify the polar lipid content but increased the FFA content of SAB and LAB by 150%. Lipid droplets were observed in the cytoplasm in SAB and LAB using transmission electron microscopy, which suggested that part of the additional FFA was really incorporated into the intracellular FFA rather than associated with the cell envelope by physical adsorption. Linoleic acid was specifically incorporated into the FFA of SAB, which emphasized the specific role of this bacterial compartment in the protection of this acid against rumen biohydrogenation.

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LeRoith, Derek. "Lipids 2014: New Guidelines, New Concepts, New Diets, New Drugs." Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 43, no. 4 (December 2014): ix—xi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2014.09.002.

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37

El-Bahr, Sabry M., Saad Shousha, Wasseem Khattab, Ahmed Shehab, Osama El-Garhy, Hoda El-Garhy, Shereen Mohamed, Omar Ahmed-Farid, Ahmed Hamad, and Islam Sabike. "Impact of Dietary Betaine and Metabolizable Energy Levels on Profiles of Proteins and Lipids, Bioenergetics, Peroxidation and Quality of Meat in Japanese Quail." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010117.

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Three different diets were formulated with three levels of metabolizable energy (ME) (optimum; 2900, restricted; 2800 and low; 2700 kcal ME/kg diet) without or with (0 and 0.15%) betaine supplementation in 2 × 3 factorial design to evaluate the effect of six experimental diets on performance, proteins and lipids profiles, bioenergetics, peroxidation and meat quality of Japanese quail. Therefore, 360 quails allocated into six groups in a 23-day experiment. Dietary betaine and ME levels did not affect the performance, meat energy indices (ATP and AMP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of Japanese quail meat. Dietary betaine and/or ME levels induced significant changes in serum triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterols (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), meat total lipids and cholesterol of Japanese quail. Optimum and restricted ME levels reduced total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) whereas dietary betaine increased ecosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and glutamine concentrations in breast meat of Japanese quail. Dietary betaine and low energy diet improved cooking loss, thawing loss (ThL) and water holding capacity (WHC) in breast meat of Japanese quail. Conclusively, dietary betaine improved meat quality of Japanese quail fed diets containing either restricted or low ME by enrichments the meat with omega-3 fatty acids and reduction of lipids levels.

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38

El-Bahr, Sabry M., Saad Shousha, Wasseem Khattab, Ahmed Shehab, Osama El-Garhy, Hoda El-Garhy, Shereen Mohamed, Omar Ahmed-Farid, Ahmed Hamad, and Islam Sabike. "Impact of Dietary Betaine and Metabolizable Energy Levels on Profiles of Proteins and Lipids, Bioenergetics, Peroxidation and Quality of Meat in Japanese Quail." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010117.

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Three different diets were formulated with three levels of metabolizable energy (ME) (optimum; 2900, restricted; 2800 and low; 2700 kcal ME/kg diet) without or with (0 and 0.15%) betaine supplementation in 2 × 3 factorial design to evaluate the effect of six experimental diets on performance, proteins and lipids profiles, bioenergetics, peroxidation and meat quality of Japanese quail. Therefore, 360 quails allocated into six groups in a 23-day experiment. Dietary betaine and ME levels did not affect the performance, meat energy indices (ATP and AMP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of Japanese quail meat. Dietary betaine and/or ME levels induced significant changes in serum triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterols (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), meat total lipids and cholesterol of Japanese quail. Optimum and restricted ME levels reduced total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) whereas dietary betaine increased ecosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and glutamine concentrations in breast meat of Japanese quail. Dietary betaine and low energy diet improved cooking loss, thawing loss (ThL) and water holding capacity (WHC) in breast meat of Japanese quail. Conclusively, dietary betaine improved meat quality of Japanese quail fed diets containing either restricted or low ME by enrichments the meat with omega-3 fatty acids and reduction of lipids levels.

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39

Ndou, Saymore Petros, Elijah Kiarie, Maria Walsh, Cornelis de Lange, and C. Martin Nyachoti. "162 The interactions between dietary fiber and lipid sources alter the predicted production and absorption of caecal and colorectal volatile fatty acids in growing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.165.

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Abstract A combination of in vivo and in vitro fermentation methodologies was used to determine the interactive effects of dietary fiber (DF) and lipid types on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and absorption, and organic matter (OM) fermentability in the cecum and colorectal tract of pigs. Eight ileal- and caecal-cannulated Yorkshire barrows were fed either pectin- or cellulose-containing diets that were supplemented with either corn oil or beef tallow in two independent Youden squares with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (n = 6). Ileal and caecal digesta were collected, freeze-dried and fermented using inoculum from fresh caecal digesta and feces, respectively, to determine VFA production and absorption, and fermentability of OM. There were interactions (P < 0.001) between DF and lipid types observed in which the addition of corn oil increased the quantity of caecal and colorectal acetic acid production and caecal acetic absorption, caecal butyric production, predicted caecal OM fermentability, and the predicted colorectal propionic acid in pectin diets but did not have effects in cellulose diets. The addition of beef tallow increased (P < 0.001) the production of caecal butyric and propionic acids during in vitro fermentation in cellulose diets and fermentability of OM in pectin diets. The interactions between DF and lipids on gastrointestinal fermentation largely depends on the degree of saturation of fatty acids in dietary lipids. The addition of beef tallow selectively decreased the production and absorption of individual SCFA in pectin and cellulose diets but increased caecal butyric and propionic acid production in cellulose diets and the fermentability of OM in pectin diets.

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Griel, Amy E., and Penny M. Kris-Etherton. "Tree nuts and the lipid profile: a review of clinical studies." British Journal of Nutrition 96, S2 (November 2006): S68—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjn20061866.

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Tree nuts have a fatty acid profile that favourably affects blood lipids and lipoproteins. They are low in saturated fat and high in unsaturated fatty acids and are rich sources of other nutrients. An extensive database consistently shows total and LDL cholesterol-lowering effects of diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol and high in unsaturated fat provided by a variety of tree nuts. Collectively, a summary of studies conducted to date shows that tree nuts reduce LDL cholesterol by 3–19 % compared with Western and lower-fat diets. Nuts also contain many nutrients and bioactive compounds that appear to contribute to the favourable effects on lipids and lipoproteins – these include plant sterols, dietary fibre and antioxidants. Because of their unique nutrient profile, nuts can be part of a diet that features multiple heart-healthy foods resulting in a cholesterol lowering response that surpasses that of cholesterol-lowering diets typically used to reduce CVD risk.

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Onibi, G. E., J. R. Scaife, and V. R. Fowler. "Influence of full-fat rapeseed and supplementary vitamin e on growth, carcase characteristics and meat storage quality of pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600029421.

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In pigs, dietary fatty acids influence the composition of meat lipids. When diets high in unsaturated fatty acids are fed, meat quality may be adversely affected due to the susceptibility of unsaturated fatty acids to oxidation. Rapeseed oil is rich in C18:ln9, C18:2n6 and C18:3n3 (57.1, 21.4 and 12.5 g/100g fatty acid respectively) and the inclusion of full-fat rapeseed (FFR) in pig diets may be valuable in manipulating pig meat fatty acid profile in order to increase human dietary intake of n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, increasing the levels of FFR in pig diets has been shown to lead to an increase in carcass fat softness and it is likely that the meat lipids may be more prone to oxidative instability than that from pigs fed diets containing more saturated fatty acids. Since the protective role of vitamin E in lipid peroxidation is well established (Asghar et al, 1991; Monahan et al, 1993), a study was conducted to examine the influence of FFR with or without supplemental vitamin E on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat storage quality in pigs.

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42

Pena, S. M., F. F. Barbosa, D. C. Lopes, H. S. Rostagno, L. F. T. Albino, and F. C. O. Silva. "Efeito de estratégias nutricionais para redução de nutrientes poluidores nos dejetos sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, no. 1 (February 2013): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352013000100033.

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Avaliou-se o efeito de estratégias nutricionais sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos dos 30 aos 100kg. Foram utilizados 120 suínos, distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições de três animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos usados foram: dieta-controle = dieta com alta proteína bruta sem aminoácidos industriais; dieta baixa PB= dieta com baixa proteína bruta com aminoácidos industriais; dieta fitase = dieta-controle com suplementação de fitase; dieta orgânica = dieta-controle suplementada com minerais inorgânico-orgânicos; e dieta composta = dieta com baixa proteína bruta suplementada com aminoácidos industriais, fitase e minerais inorgânico-orgânicos. As dietas avaliadas não alteraram o desempenho e as características de carcaça dos suínos em comparação aos animais da dieta-controle. Conclui-se que a redução de proteína bruta, a suplementação com fitase e minerais inorgânico-orgânicos podem ser adotadas por não alterarem significativamente o desempenho nas fases de crescimento e terminação e as características de carcaças.

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Sim, J., E. Nwokolo, and Z. Jiang. "Modulation of plasma and tissue cholesterol and fatty acid composition by feeding flax and canola seeds and oils to rats." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 1207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-142.

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Intact full-fat oil seeds might be more resistant to oxidation than extracted and refined oils and might therefore be used as sources of dietary fat. The present study was conducted to examine and compare the influence of feeding full-fat flax and canola seeds and oils on the plasma and tissue lipids of the rat. Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats (n = 4) were housed individually in metabolic cages and fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing full-fat flax (FFF), flax meal + flax oil (FO), full-fat canola (FFC), canola meal + canola oil (CO), and soybean meal + animal tallow (AT). After 6 wk of feeding, plasma cholesterol levels were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in rats fed flax diets (FF and FO) but not in those fed canola diets (FFC and CO). Liver cholesterol levels were not affected by dietary treatment. The highest levels of α-linolenic acid (LNA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were recorded in the plasma, liver, heart and epididymal fat of rats fed the flax-containing diets. Intermediate levels of LNA and EPA in plasma and tissues were found in rats fed canola-containing diets. Rats fed flax diets had less arachidonic acid (AA) in plasma, liver, and heart tissues than those fed control and canola diets, indicating inhibition of AA synthesis by high dietary LNA provided by full-fat flax seed and flax oil. These results demonstrated that full-fat flax and canola seeds could be used as sources of dietary LNA to modify plasma and tissue lipids. Key words: Flax seed, canola seed, cholesterol, fatty acid, rat

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Stoll, Peter, Andreas Gutzwiller, Martin Jost, Heiner Schneeberger, Robert Sieber, Hannes B. Staehelin, Christian Steffen, and Guenther Ritzel. "Short-term effect of whole milk and milk fermented by Pseudomonas fluorescens on plasma lipids in adult boars." British Journal of Nutrition 66, no. 1 (July 1991): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910016.

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The short-term effects of whole milk and milk fermented by Pseudomonas fluorescens, of the amino acid composition of the diet and of feeding frequency on the level of plasma lipids, were investigated in six 1-year-old adult boars. The experimental diets contained equal amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat and cholesterol. After an adaptation period of 5 d for each experimental treatment, blood was collected at regular intervals during 48 h and plasma levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol were examined). All variables except HDL-cholesterol showed distinct diurnal fluctuations, which were substantially influenced by feeding frequency. Variations in the amino acid composition of the experimental diets, which were within a physiological range, had no effect on the level of plasma lipids. Plasma lipid levels were significantly lower when the animals received the diets containing milk instead of the diet without milk: cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL-cholesterol were reduced by 5.6, 5.8 and 10% respectively (pondered means) while HDL-cholesterol remained unaffected. Fermentation of whole milk by P. fluorescens reduced the lipid-lowering effect. Our findings suggest that the intake of diets containing milk results in a lower plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level than the intake of diets with a similar nutrient content which do not contain milk.

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THEODOROU, J. A. "Total lipids content and fatty acids composition of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis using artificial enrichments." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 68, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15604.

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Secondary feeding with commercial lipids enrichments such as the microencapsulated diets Diet A (33.42±3.00%) and Diet B (55.88±3.5%) compared with the marine yeast type product Diet C(8.59±1.0%) as a method of increasing the total lipids and ω-3 PUFA content of rotifers, hence enhancing their nutritional value as live feed prey for fish larvae in hatcheries. The total lipids the rotifers was affected analogous to the levels of these components in the feeds showing its maximum percentage uptake within 4 hours from the enrichment (20.27±3.52, 26.64±3.91, 11.31±2.30 respectively). There was not any significant toxicity to the animals due to the diets during the 16 hours experiment. The DHA/EPA for Diet A(1.31), Diet B(0.42) and Diet C(absent) as well as the DHA/EPA/ARA ratios for Diet A(10.70 ± 1.60 / 8.18 ± 1.10 / 2.08 ± 0.20), Diet B(6.20 ± 2.30 / 14.60 ±1.00 / 1.12 ± 0.40) and Diet C (0 / 5.14 ± 3.40 / 1.30 ± 1.10) indicates that Diet A is closer to the suggested DHA/EPA/ARA optimal value 10/5/1 for marine fish larval growth.

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Slobodianik, Nora H., Paula D. Perris, María Cecilia Mambrin, Inés Fernandez, and María Susana Feliu. "Effect of Diets with Different Lipid’s Sources On Serum and Brain Fatty Acids Profile: Experimental Model." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 4 (May 18, 2020): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666191120114032.

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Background: The importance of diet in health is widely accepted and recognized. Diet lipid profile is important to prevent chronic diseases and improve the quality of an individual’s life. Objective: The objective of this report is to analyze the effect of different sources of dietary lipids with standard and high concentration on growing rats. Methods: Experimental diets contained 15 or 42% kcal of fat, provided by butter (B), olive oil (O), high oleic sunflower oil (HO), and sunflower oil (S). Control diet (C) was normocaloric with 15% kcal of fat provided by soy oil. All diets were complete in the other nutrients according to AIN 1993 and were administered for 40 days. Results: Daily intake was similar in all groups. The administration of these diets provoked changes in serum fatty acid profile in response to the different sources of dietary lipids used; no changes were observed in the brain´s fatty acids. Conclusion: These results would suggest that the organism tries first to supply the brain´s fatty acid needs at the expense of its modification in serum..

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ISHIDA, Mitsuharu, Tsutomu MATSUMOTO, Sayaka ITO, Tatsushi INOUE, Keiichi SUZUKI, and Yuko OGAWA. "Characteristics of Lipids in Pork Fed Diets Containing Food By-products." Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi 41, no. 1 (2004): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5938/youton.41.11.

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Behall, Kay M., Daniel J. Scholfield, and Judith Hallfrisch. "Lipids Significantly Reduced by Diets Containing Barley in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Men." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 23, no. 1 (February 2004): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2004.10719343.

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Estornell, Ernesto, Teresa Barber, and José Cabo. "Improved nitrogen metabolism in rats fed on lipid-rich liquid diets." British Journal of Nutrition 71, no. 3 (March 1994): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940144.

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Abstract:

N metabolism was studied in young rats fed on lipid-rich, isonitrogenous, purified liquid diets, a convenient and easy technique for inducing voluntary overfeeding of energy and lipids under controlled nutritional conditions. Overfed rats showed a marked N retention at the expense of a reduced production of urea. The capacities of isolated hepatocytes to synthesize urea and glucose from added precursors were greatly diminished. The activities of the urea cycle enzymes and several enzymes involved in the availability of NH3, for this pathway were concomitantly reduced in overfed animals. Therefore, our results showed an improved N metabolism in overfed rats promoted by the overfeeding of lipids that could be due to an enhanced biosynthetic utilization and a reduced catabolism of amino acids. In addition, the versatile and accurate technique for inducing overfeeding in young rats used in the present study could have many advantages for nutritional studies.

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Frota, H. N., R. B. Reis, B. N. Faria, S. G. Coelho, and H. M. Saturnino. "Suplementação de lisina e metionina em associação ou não com o óleo de soja na dieta de vacas leiteiras." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 66, no. 4 (August 2014): 1121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-6471.

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Abstract:

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a suplementação de lisina e metionina em associação ou não ao óleo de soja na dieta de vacas leiteiras e seus efeitos sobre a produção e a composição do leite. Doze vacas Holandesas foram distribuídas em quadrado latino 4x4, com as dietas O+LM (dieta acrescida de óleo de soja, lisina e metionina misturados na dieta total), OLM (dieta com o complexo óleo de soja/lisina e metionina fornecido separadamente da dieta total), OS (dieta acrescida de óleo de soja fornecido separadamente da dieta total) e LM (dieta acrescida de lisina e metionina fornecidos separadamente da dieta total). A produção de leite, a de proteína e a de gordura não foram afetadas pela adição de lisina e metionina associadas ou não com óleo de soja. O percentual de gordura do leite, a produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura e a produção de leite corrigida para sólidos totais reduziram-se com a adição de óleo de soja na dieta. O percentual de proteína aumentou 0,14% (p<0,05) com a adição de óleo na presença de lisina e metionina na dieta. Os resultados sugerem efeito protetor do complexo óleo/lisina e metionina da degradação ruminal na condição experimental proposta.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lipidos de la dieta'

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