Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lípids de la dieta'
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Bondia, Pons Isabel. "Estudio del perfil de ácidos grasos en la evaluación de la Dieta Mediterránea como patrón de dieta saludable en poblaciones europeas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2434.
Full textLa incidencia durante los últimos años en las poblaciones europeas de la enfermedad cardiovascular y patologías relacionadas como la obesidad, sugiere una desviación de los "patrones alimentarios prudentes" a los denominados "patrones occidentales", caracterizados por elevadas ingesta de grasas, carne y cereales refinados. Este hecho plantea la necesidad de preservar y promover la dieta mediterránea tradicional en la población europea, sin excepción de los países mediterráneos que le han dado origen.
Por ello, en esta tesis se evaluó el estado nutricional, así como el grado de cumplimiento de los actuales objetivos nutricionales nacionales y europeos, y del patrón alimentario mediterráneo en la población catalana actual. Como biomarcadores biológicos específicos del perfil lípidico, se estudió la composición de ácidos grasos plasmáticos, totales y de fosfolípidos de una muestra representativa de la población catalana. La técnica analítica utilizada fue la cromatografía de gases rápida, campo en el que se pusieron a punto tres novedosos métodos análiticos.
Esta tesis permitió identificar los alimentos que contribuyen en mayor medida al porcentaje de energía procedente de los lípidos en la población catalana actual. El aceite destacó con un 7% de energía relativo a los lípidos totales, y el queso en cuanto a la grasa saturada, a diferencia de los productos lácteos, que eran los mayores contribuyentes de grasa saturada en la pasada década en esta población. La evaluación del índice de calidad de la dieta mediterránea mediante un enfoque metodológico a priori concluyó que un 64% de la población catalana se halla en el rango de cumplimiento de las características principales de la dieta mediterránea, presentando tan sólo un 5% de la población una baja adhesión a este patrón alimentario.
En cuanto al grado de cumplimiento con los objetivos nutricionales, conviene destacar el elevado porcentaje de cumplimiento en relación a las frutas y verduras, superior al 75%, y el bajo porcentaje en cuanto a hidratos de carbono, inferior al 3% en cuanto a las recomendaciones europeas de aportar un 55% de la energía diaria. También se concluyó que las mujeres presentaban mayor grado de cumplimiento en relación a los ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados, atribuible a su mayor consumo de aceite de oliva y de pescado respectivamente. Según los resultados obtenidos, la ingesta media de pescado en la población catalana es del orden de 80 g/dia, siendo tan sólo un 25% debido a pescado azul, que es el más rico en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga. La relación entre el contenido plasmático de EPA y DHA y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos mostró una relación inversa significativa entre el EPA y los niveles de colesterol total, trigliceridos e insulina, pero ninguna relación con los niveles de DHA. Paralelamente se estudió el efecto de un consumo moderado de aceite de oliva, principal componente de la dieta mediterránea, en individuos de cinco poblaciones europeas con diferentes hábitos alimentarios, concluyéndose que 25 ml/día de aceite de oliva pueden ser una herramienta útil para disminuir la presión sistólica en hombres europeos.
The lipid composition of the human body reflects the endogenous lipid formation as well as the dietary lipid intake. An excess of energy, not only from lipids but also from the other macronutrients can lead to an increase in the cardiovascular disease risks.The increasing scientific evidence suggests that some dietary patterns can positively influence CVD risk factors. Among the healthy dietary patterns the Traditional Mediterranean Diet is highlighted. There is a need to maintain and promote this diet in the European population, without exception of the Mediterranean countries where it originated.
This thesis focused on the evaluation of the nutritional status, compliance with the current European and national nutritional objectives, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet by the current Catalan population. As specific biomarkers of the lipid profile, the fatty acid profile in total and phospholipids was evaluated in plasma. The analytic technique in use was fast gas chromatography, having developed three new analytic methods in this research field. The thesis allowed the identification of those foods which contribute most to the lipid profile in the current Catalan diet. Oil was the major contributor with 7% of relative energy from total lipids. Cheese is the food that contributes to the current Catalan diet with a higher percentage of saturated fat energy. The evaluation of the Mediterranean Quality Dietary Index in the representative Catalan sample suggested an appropriate adherence of the Catalan population to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Furthermore, the current Catalan population follows most of the Spanish and European nutritional objectives. An increase of the carbohydrate intake should be recommended due to the fact that less than 3% accomplish the European nutritional objectives for this macronutrient. Nevertheless, a high compliance of fruit and vegetable intake was highlighted. According to our results, blue fish intake was estimated in only one portion per week, implying a future need to promote an increase in its consumption. In addition, the multicentric randomized cross-over study in 5 European populations, concluded that a moderate olive oil administration of 25 ml/day could be a useful tool to reduce the blood pressure in healthy men from European populations.
Viñado, Martínez Alberto. "Use of soybean lecithin in broiler chicken diets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667795.
Full textFat addition is a common practice in feed manufacturing in order to increase the energetic density of diets and provide essential nutrients to livestock animals. The availability of conventional energetic ingredients for broiler chicken diets may be compromised by a constant growing world-wide population and the current tendency to use vegetable oils for biodiesel production. In this context, soybean lecithin (L), as a co-product obtained during soybean oil (S) refining process, may represent an economical and alternative energy source due to its high content in phospholipids, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids (FFA), phosphorus, choline and antioxidant compounds. Therefore, the global aim of the present thesis was to investigate the potential use of L, as energy source for broiler chicken diets. Several trials were performed with the aim to evaluate the inclusion of L as energy source in broiler feeding and study its influence on performance, energy utilization, fatty acid (FA) digestibility and the FA profile of the abdominal fat pad. A basal diet was supplemented at 3% with either S or acid oil (A) and increasing amounts of L (crude and high in FFA for Chapter Three and Four, respectively) were included in replacement (1%, 2% and 3%). In relation to S replacement, despite no effects were observed on performance parameters, results from the digestibility balances indicated that S replacement by L, in starter broiler chickens, lowered FA digestibility and the apparent metabolizable energy content of the diets. However, in grower-finisher broiler chickens, partial replacements up to a 2%, did not modify performance, and the utilization of energy and total FA. Regarding the replacement of A by L, in starter and grower-finisher broiler chicken diets, it was observed that blending both co-products have resulted in improvements on energy and nutrient utilizations. Finally, the FA profile of the adipose tissue was a clear reflect of the FA composition of the added fats, and S replacement by L produced slight changes on the FA profile of the abdominal fat pad. The last experiment (Chapter Five) consisted in a field trial under experimental conditions with the main objective to study, in grower and finisher broiler chicken diets, different levels of L inclusion in replacement of S and its effects on growth performance. In addition, ileal absorption of FA, FA profile of the abdominal fat pad and gut health markers were assessed. Soybean oil total replacement by L (2% of inclusion), in diets that also contained palm and A (3.25% and 4.5% of total added fats for grower and finisher diets, respectively), did not modify performance parameters, total FA ileal digestibility and jejunal morphology. On the other hand, a reduction on the digestibility of the polyunsaturated FA and an increase on Lactobacillus spp. counts at the jejunum were linked to total replacement; however, with no significant consequences on growth efficiency. Slight modifications were observed on the saturation degree of the abdominal fat pad, associated to the FA profile of the different added fats. Taking all the results into account, it was evidenced that L is a suitable energetic ingredient for grower and finisher broiler chicken diets due to it was observed that S partial replacements up to a 2% by L do not alter growth performance and the utilization of energy and FA. Besides, the blending of L and A results an interesting option, for adult broiler diets, due the existence of positive interactions on energy and FA utilization.
Alpizar, Vergara Mayra Socorro, Weber Andrea Stephanie Ruíz, and Carillo Beatriz Elina Martínez. "“EFECTOS DE UNA DIETA ELEVADA EN HIDRATOS DE CARBONO Y LÍPIDOS, SOBRE EL SISTEMA INMUNITARIO DEL INTESTINO DELGADO EN RATONES Balb/c, ENERO 2013”." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/14350.
Full textPelicano, Esqueta Meritxell. "Cambios en la composición de la membrana de las células tumorales como mecanismo de los efectos moduladores diferenciales de los aceites de oliva virgen extra y de maíz en la carcinogénesis mamaria experimental." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/312847.
Full textBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among women all over the World. Besides the genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors, there is epidemiologic and experimental evidence that nutritional factors have a role in the aetiology and the development of this disease. The dietary lipids have been directly related with cancer, mainly breast cancer. The research group has contributed to the better knowledge of the effects and the mechanisms of action of the high corn oil diets, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6, and the high extra virgin olive oil diets, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) n-9 and several bioactive compounds, in the experimental breast cancer. The aim of this work has been to investigate whether the differentially modulatory effects of these diets, stimulatory and potentially protective respectively, on the promotion of mammary carcinogenesis could be exerted by changes in tumour cell membrane composition. This work is supported on the experimental breast cancer model induced in the female Sprague-Dawley rat with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). In order to isolate the different membrane domains, a method for obtaining detergent resistant membranes (DRMs) was standardized in rat liver and, subsequently, it was validated in experimental mammary adenocarcinomas. Next, the lipid content of tumour cell membrane was characterized and, finally, possible changes induced by the different experimental diets on the protein and lipid composition of tumour cell membrane and its different domains were analyzed. The results showed that the mammary tumour cell membranes are rich in cholesterol and ceramide. In addition, the major fatty acids are saturated (SFA), followed by MUFA and, finally, PUFA. This composition was differentially and specifically modified by the effect of dietary lipids. Thus, the high corn oil diet enriched membrane in PUFA n-6, particularly the soluble membrane, besides increasing the cholesterol content, suggesting a greater formation of Chol-Rafts. On the other hand, the high olive oil diet increased the MUFA n-9 levels in domains different than soluble membrane. In addition, this diet increased the sphingomyelin/ceramide ratio, suggesting an increased formation of Cer-Raft, and the levels of the pro-apoptotic protein CD95, and decreased the Cav1 levels in caveolae. Likewise, both diets reduced the palmitic acid content, specially the olive oil diet. These results were in agreement with the greater malignancy, both clinical and morphological, of tumours from animals fed the high corn oil diet and the lower aggressiveness of tumours from the olive oil diet group. Moreover, they were in accordance with the decreased p21Ras activity, the down-regulation of the Akt pathway and the apoptosis induction previously demonstrated for the high olive oil diet.
de, Miguel Pastor Cristina. "Lípidos de la dieta y cáncer de mama experimental: efectos sobre el estrés oxidativo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399983.
Full textBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among women all over the world. Besides the genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors, there are epidemiologic and experimental evidences that nutritional and environment factors have a role in the etiology and the development of this cancer. The dietary lipids are directly related with cancer, mainly breast cancer. Previous results have demonstrated that high corn oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6, and the high extra virgin olive oil diets, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) n-9 and several bioactive compounds, in the experimental breast cancer, resulting in a stimulating and a potentially protective effect, respectively. These diets mostly acted on the carcinogenesis promotion stage, but there are evidences of their action on the initiation stage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these lipids could exert their modulatory effects through changes on the oxidative stress state in the organism at different levels: in the healthy animal, in the carcinogenesis initiation stage and in the tumor-bearing adult animal. Results proceed from and experimental series, developed in the breast cancer model induced in the Sprague-Dawley rat with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The antioxidant enzymatic defense was studied through CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX4 and GR expression on the liver and mammary gland, and the non-enzymatic defense through total GSH, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSHtotal and GSH/GSSG glutathione parameters in plasma. Furthermore, plasmatic oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, and DNA damage in the mammary gland though 8-OHdG levels and reparation OGG and PARP reparation damage enzymes were determined. Results showed that, high fat diets increased oxidative levels comparing with the control diet. The high corn oil diet showed a higher effect, both in healthy and especially in the carcinogenesis initiation stage. This was in accordance with an earlier tumor appearance and higher tumor content due to the high corn oil diet. On the other hand, the high extra virgin olive oil diet showed a weak stimulatory c effect which was associated with intermediate oxidative stress levels in serum and liver between the high corn oil and control diets, both in healthy and initiated animals. In the initiated mammary gland, dietary lipids exerted their effects on the oxidative stress parameters through specific mechanisms. Finally, once cancer disease was established, dietary lipids exerted a much lower effect.
Manzanares, Serrano Miguel Angel. "Influencia de los lípidos de la dieta en la iniciación del cáncer de mama experimental: Ontogenia de las enzimas de detoxificación de xenobióticos. Metabolism ode carcinógeno y daño en el ADN." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285545.
Full textBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among women all over the World. Besides the genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors, there are epidemiologic and experimental evidences that nutritional and environmental factors have a role in the etiology and the development of this cancer. The dietary lipids are directly related with cancer, mainly breast cancer. The research group has contributed to the best understanding of the effects and the mechanisms of action of the high corn oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) n-6, and the high extra virgin olive oil diets, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) n-9 and several bioactive compounds, in the experimental breast cancer, resulting in a stimulating and a potentially protective effect, respectively. These diets mostly acted on the carcinogenesis promotion stage. The aim of this work has been to research on the intervention of these lipids, furthermore, over the initiation through the modulation of the bioactivation and/or detoxification of the carcinogenic initiator agents, both in hepatic level and the mammary gland itself. Results proceed from two different experimental series, developed in the experimental breast cancer model induced in the rat with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). In both series the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) were studied, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 from the phase I, and GSTP1 and NQO1 from the phase II. The first series analyzed the effect of the dietary lipids on the XMEs expression in the liver and the mammary gland in critical development ages (prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal/adult). The second series studied specifically the hours immediately after the carcinogen administration and analyzed the effect of the dietary lipids on its hepatic metabolism, the generation of reactive compounds and the genomic damage in the mammary gland. Results showed that dietary lipids may modulate the XMEs expression in different stages of the postnatal development. Additionally, the diet rich in PUFA n-6 increased the expression of phase I enzymes, in ages previous to DMBA administration, and raised CYP1s activity in the hours immediately after induction (12 and 24 hours), while reducing the enzyme activity of phase II, mainly NQO1. The number of reactive metabolites generated in the liver and the genomic damage in the mammary gland of the animals fed the high corn oil diet was higher than in the other groups. On the other hand, the high extra virgin olive oil diet and the normolipidic control diet exhibit a better coordinated phase I and phase II activity, showing a lower production of reactive metabolites and smaller DNA damage in the mammary gland. Concordance between these results and the carcinogenesis parameters in both series showed the effect of lipids on the initiation of the experimental mammary carcinogenesis, besides the already described modulation during promotion/progression stages. Results of this work, along with previous others on the effects of lipids during sexual maturity and mammary gland differentiation suggest that these nutrients, depending on the amount and type, can differently modify the mammary gland susceptibility or resistance to cancer development, and therefore, modulate the windows of susceptibility over the exposure to environmental carcinogens.
López, Jiménez José Ángel. "Influencia de distintos glúcidos y lípidos en la dieta sobre aspectos del metabolismo lipídico en la rata." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/95941.
Full textAlmazán, Torres Karen, Chávez Karina Fátima García, and Ramos Roxana Valdés. "Efecto de una Dieta elevada en Hidratos de Carbono y Lípidos en la producción de Inmunoglobulina a Intestino Delgado de Ratones." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/14240.
Full textFerreira, Ederlan de Souza [UNESP]. "Efeito da proteína Beta-Conglicinina da soja no metabolismo lipídico de animais submetidos à dieta hipercolesterolêmica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88646.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Um grande interesse tem sido reportado às proteínas vegetais, em particular as da soja, cujo consumo tem indicado alternativa promissora para prevenção da dislipidemia e aterosclerose. Este estudo investigou o efeito da proteína - conglicinina isolada da soja, frente à resposta de um fármaco hipolipemiante (fenofibrato), em animais submetidos a uma dieta hipercolesterolêmica. Cinquenta e quatro ratos machos Wistar foram divididos em 6 grupos (n=9). O grupo controle (STD) recebeu uma dieta de caseína, e os demais hipercolesterolêmicos (HC), - conglicinina de 200mg/kg (HC+7S1), e 300mg/kg (HC+7S2), fenofibrato de 30mg/kg (HC+FF) e -conglicinina 300mg/kg associada com fenofibrato 30mg/kg (HC+7S2+FF) receberam dieta de caseína suplementada com 1% de colesterol e 0,5% de ácido cólico. Não foram observadas, nos tratamentos, alterações no crescimento, tecido adiposo, consumo e eficiência alimentar. O fenofibrato provocou aumento do peso e da concentração de triglicerídeo hepático. A proteína - conglicinina mostrou reduzir significativamente os efeitos dislipidêmicos séricos e hepáticos provocados pela dieta hipercolesterolêmica; no entanto, não foi observada adição destes efeitos quando associada ao fenofibrato. Os resultados reportados neste estudo sugerem que esta proteína tenha importante ação na regulação do metabolismo lipídico. Tais efeitos podem estar associados a peptídeos desta proteína, muito embora os mecanismos envolvidos não permaneçam completamente esclarecidos.
A great interest has been reported about plant proteins, particularly those of soybean whose consumption has shown potential alternatives to dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis prevention. This study investigated the effect of -conglycinin protein isolated from soybean and its response to hypolipemiant drug (fenofibrate) in animals submitted to a hipercolesterolemic diet. Fifty four male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 9). The control group (STD) had received casein diet and the others hypercholesterolemic (HC), -conglycinin of 200mg/kg (HC+7S1) and 300mg/kg (HC+7S2), fenofibrate 30mg/kg (HC+FF) and -conglycinin of 300mg/kg associated to fenofibrate of 30mg/kg (HC+7S2+FF) received casein diet supplemented with 1% of cholesterol and 0.5% of cholic acid. There was no change in growth, adipose tissue, consumption and efficiency food for all treatments. The fenofibrate showed increase in weight and hepatic triglycerides. The -conglycinin protein had showed significantly reduce the effects in dyslipidemic serum and liver caused by hypercholesterolemic diet, however; it was not observed some additional effects when associated with fenofibrate. The results reported in this study suggest that the protein has an important action in the regulation of lipid metabolism. These ones may be associated with their peptides although the mechanisms involved are not already completely understood.
Costa, Trachsel Irmgard. "Caracterización y validación morfológica y molecular de los tumores mamarios experimentales. Modulación por los lípidos de la dieta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283434.
Full textThis dissertation includes 10 publications that are part of the "Fat Diet and Breast Cancer" project developed by the "Grup Multidisciplinari per a l'Estudi Breast Cancer" (GMECM). The studies have used the experimental model of mammary tumors induced in rats with dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) and are the result of the following objectives: a) to characterize and to validate morphologically this model, using a unique approach (articles 1 and 2); b) to study the effect of diets rich in corn oil (n-6 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (n-9 MUFA and bioactive components) on experimental mammary carcinogenesis, from a histopathologic perspective (articles 2 and 5); c) to analyze the influence of these diets on the expression of p21Ha-Ras, by immunohistochemistry, in experimental breast carcinomas (article 3); d) to apply the morphological contributions in clinical, molecular and biological studies that evaluate breast cancer modulation by dietary lipids (articles 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10); and e) to integrate the results into the mechanisms of the effects of dietary lipids in breast cancer (Articles 7 and 8). First, the morphological approach of experimental mammary tumors and lesions has led two major contributions: a) an optimization of the histological characterization and a proposed classification of experimental breast disease that improve the diagnosis of these lesions and the extrapolation to the human system and b) the design of a grading system for experimental breast carcinomas, based on the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson method, that recognizes tumors with different morphological aggressiveness. Secondly, it has been demonstrated, for the first time, a differential morphological modulation by dietary lipids, on experimental breast carcinomas: an aggressive phenotype (greater architectural, nuclear and histological grades, and an increased mitotic activity, necrosis and stromal desmoplasia) associated with a diet rich in corn oil, particularly when acting as promoter, compared with a normolipidic diet; and a similar appearance of breast carcinomas from the groups fed a diet rich in extra virgin olive oil to the control group ones (low architectural, nuclear and histological grades), and even more benign (a prevailing papillary pattern and a less desmoplastic reaction and tumor necrosis). Third, despite there were no differences in the expression of p21Ha-Ras between experimental groups by the effect of diet, this seems to depend on the histological grade of carcinomas in groups fed normolipidic and corn oil rich diets (increased expression in low histological grade carcinomas). The loss of this relationship by the effect of a diet rich in olive oil is compatible with the attributed role on the activity of the protein. Finally, there has been a correlation of morphological findings with clinical, molecular and biological data, in the integration studies: a) a stimulatory effect of n-6 PUFA (low latency, increased number of affected animals and a high content and tumor volume); and an effect from protective to weakly stimulatory of the extra virgin olive oil (similar tumor latency and lower tumor volume than the control group, but with higher incidence and tumor content); b) a differential expression of PCPH and of newly identified genes (submaxillary gland α-2u globulin, VDUP1, H19 and EST-Rn.32385), related to cell proliferation and differentiation, by dietary lipids; c) an influence of diet rich in n-6 PUFA in the sexual maturation of the animals, advancing puberty and increasing the risk of breast cancer.
Fusco, Fernanda Bueno. "Losartana e hidralazina previnem o acúmulo arterial de lípides induzido pela restrição alimentar crônica de sódio em animais hipertensos e hiperlipidêmicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-06082015-115628/.
Full textThis study sought to investigate the influence of chronic dietary sodium chloride restriction on atherogenesis utilizing renovascular hypertensive hyperlipidemic mice. Low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice with renovascular hypertension (endogenous angiotensin II-dependent hypertension; 2-kidney, 1-clip - 2K1C), treated or not with antihypertensive drugs losartan or hydralazine, were fed ad libitum either a low-sodium diet (LS) (0.15% NaCl) or a normal-sodium chow (NS) (1.27% NaCl) from weaning to 5 months of age. Hypertensive mice showed higher plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations on LS than on NS confirming our previous study on normotensive mice. In hypertensive mice aortic lipid infiltration was much greater on LS than on NS in spite of the reduction of the blood pressure (BP) attained by LS. LS did not modify the mouse body weight and hematocrit, however the latter was slightly but significantly diminished in the losartan-treated hypertensive group. In hypertensive mice plasma TG and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were significantly reduced by losartan seemingly explaining the most significant of all reduction of aortic lipid infiltration reached in this group. Hypertensive mice fed LS diet either on losartan or hydralazine treatment had lower aortic lipid infiltration, suggesting that other beneficial metabolic actions of these drugs must have overcome their effect on BP, as compared to normotensive mice on LS diet. This study sheds light on mechanisms of action of antihypertensive drugs in atherosclerosis and on the conflicting issues regarding dietary sodium restriction on hypertension, dyslipidemia and premature cardiovascular disease in human populations
Vinueza, Galárraga Julio César [UNESP]. "Efeito da hesperidina no perfil lipídico de ratos tratados com dieta acrescida de ácidos graxos saturados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95198.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da hesperidina na concentração dos lípides sanguíneos em ratos tratados com dieta acrescida de gordura saturada (17%). A hesperidina foi administrada isolada ou associada ao suco de laranja nas dietas dos ratos e após 30 dias de tratamento foram realizadas as análises bioquímicas de colesterol total, HDL-C e triglicérides no soro dos animais. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos para as concentrações de colesterol total e triglicérides, como também não houve diferenças no ganho de peso dos animais tratados com hesperidina ou com suco de laranja mais hesperidina. Houve, todavia, uma diminuição significativa no HDL-C com a suplementação da hesperidina (-20%), mas não com o suco isolado ou em associação com a hesperidina. Estes resultados apontam um papel regulador e especifico da hesperidina no metabolismo dos lípides no rato.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hesperidin on the blood lipids in rats treated with a diet added with saturated fat (17%). Hesperidin was administrated isolated or associated to orange juice in the animal diets, and after 30 days of dietary treatment it was carried out biochemical analysis in the serum of the rats. It was not observed any statistical differences among groups for the concentration of total cholesterol or triglycerides, neither for the weight gained in the rats that had received hesperidin or orange juice. However, it was verified a significant reduction on HDL-C with hesperidin supplementation (-20%), but no effect was observed with orange juice, alone or in association with hesperidin. These results showed a regulatory and specific role for hesperidin on the lipid metabolism of the rat.
Vinueza, Galárraga Julio César. "Efeito da hesperidina no perfil lipídico de ratos tratados com dieta acrescida de ácidos graxos saturados /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95198.
Full textAbstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hesperidin on the blood lipids in rats treated with a diet added with saturated fat (17%). Hesperidin was administrated isolated or associated to orange juice in the animal diets, and after 30 days of dietary treatment it was carried out biochemical analysis in the serum of the rats. It was not observed any statistical differences among groups for the concentration of total cholesterol or triglycerides, neither for the weight gained in the rats that had received hesperidin or orange juice. However, it was verified a significant reduction on HDL-C with hesperidin supplementation (-20%), but no effect was observed with orange juice, alone or in association with hesperidin. These results showed a regulatory and specific role for hesperidin on the lipid metabolism of the rat.
Orientador: Thaïs Borges César
Coorientador: João Bosco Faria
Banca: Carmen Guilherme de Matos Vinagre
Banca: Rubens Monti
Mestre
Rodríguez, Sánchez Raquel. "Use of acid oils in broiler chicken diets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666880.
Full textAcid oils, fat by-products from the edible oil refining industry, are rich in free fatty acids (FFA), have similar fatty acid (FA) composition to their respective crude oils, but different molecular structures, which can affect their nutritional value. The aim of the present thesis is to study in depth the digestion and absorption of fat in broiler chickens, and determine how the age of the chickens, the saturation degree and the FFA level of dietary fat affect these processes in order to raise recommendations on the use of oils with certain percentages of FFA in the diets with no negative repercussions on fat utilization. The first trial (Chapter 3) was conducted in order to study the effect of the dietary fat saturation degree and age (14 d and 35 d) on the fat digestion and absorption processes. For this purpose the dietary use of crude soybean oil and crude palm oil was studied. The second trial (Chapters 4 and 5) was conducted to assess the effect of the dietary FFA level, fat saturation degree and age (14 d and 37 d) on fat digestion and absorption processes. Two crude oils and two fat by-products from the edible oil refining industry rich in FFA were used in order to produce eight dietary treatments with two different saturation degrees (soybean oil products as unsaturated fat source, and palm oil products as saturated fat source), and four levels of dietary FFA (5%, 15%, 35%, and 50%). In both trials the FA digestibility and lipid class composition were determined along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT; gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and excreta. The results evinced that the absorption process mainly takes place in the jejunum, and is more affected than the hydrolysis process is by the saturation degree and free fatty acid level of dietary fat, as well as by the age of the chicken. The greater utilization of unsaturated diets irrespective of the age was confirmed, which was mainly due to the higher contribution of the ileum, especially to saturated FA absorption. The improvement on fat utilization in adult broiler chickens was due to an increase in the contribution of the jejunum to FA absorption. The results also evinced that adult broiler chickens (37 d) were less affected by the dietary FFA level than young broiler chickens (14 d) were due to a more efficient FA absorption at the jejunum level. Another interesting finding is that crude soybean oil could be partially replaced by acid soybean oil from chemical refining, being a good alternative fat source to be used in broiler chicken diets at least when the dietary FFA level does not exceed 15% and 35% in starter and grower-finisher diets, respectively. On the other hand, the saturated diet with 50% dietary FFA level did not differ from the saturated diet with the lowest dietary FFA level (5%), suggesting that acid palm oil (palm fatty acid distillate) could replace crude palm oil in grower-finisher diets, at least when the FFA level does not exceed 50% with no negative repercussions on fat utilization compared to the use of crude palm oil. Regardless of the age, it was concluded that the FA profile of dietary fat has a bigger impact on fat utilization than the level of dietary FFA.
Rodríguez, Miguel Cristina. "Alteración de los patrones epigenéticos en cáncer de mama humano y experimental por efecto de los lípidos de la dieta y/o de la enfermedad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385198.
Full textBreast cancer is a disease with high incidence, prevalence and mortality, that may be influenced by nutritional factors, and especially dietary lipids. Furthermore, disruption of epigenome is a major change occurring in all types of cancers. Epigenetic patterns are reversible and may be modified by environmental factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to define epigenetic changes involved in breast cancer and determine if lifestyle, particularly dietary habits in relation to fat intake, influence this type of neoplasia through the alteration of epigenetic patterns. This objective has been developed in two lines of research, one in human breast cancer and the other in an experimental model of breast cancer. The human study was conducted in a population of healthy volunteers and breast cancer patients, who were characterized clinically and in which we evaluated their lifestyle. We obtained blood from healthy volunteers and blood, mammary gland and tumor from breast cancer patients. In such samples we determined global DNA methylation and gene-specific methylation of a panel of 12 genes with an important role on the key hallmarks of cancer (BRCA1, p16, RARβ2, ESR1, PGR, RASSF1A, NES1, TWIST1, MASPINA, CDH1, CXCL12 and HLA-A). On the other hand, the experimental study was developed in the rat dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer model, using samples from mammary gland and tumor from animals fed different high fat diets (rich in corn oil or in extra virgin olive oil). In relation to the effect of cancer on the epigenetic patterns, the results showed that the influence of the disease on the epigenome alter common epigenetic mechanisms, in general, in human and experimental breast cancer. These alterations would be characterized, among others, by the increase of gene-specific DNA methylation associated with an increase in DNA methyltransferase activity, the decrease of tumor-suppressor genes expression and the alteration of post-translational histone modifications (H3K4me2, H3K27me3, H4K20me3 and H4K16ac). These changes could be influenced by dietary and lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption, physical activity, calorie intake, protein and vitamins B2, B6 and B12 consumption, and especially lipid intake (including total amount and type of lipid). In addition, the influence on the development of breast cancer of these and other risk factors related to reproduction, such as age at first pregnancy and onset of menopause, could be done, among other mechanisms, through the alteration of epigenetic patterns. Finding that certain risk factors, including lifestyle, alter these patterns is of interest since epigenetic mechanisms, unlike genetic, are modifiable. Thus, the results of this study allow to formulate scientific opinions about the importance of dietary habits and lifestyle in relation to health or disease risk. In this sense, they could be defined risk and/or protective factors to which the population is exposed based on their dietary habits in relation to fat intake. Therefore, this work as a whole would be framed in the field of primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer.
Crespo, Alcarria Nieves. "Reducción de la disposición de grasa abdominal en el pollo de carne mediante la modificación del perfil de ácidos grasos de la dieta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8649.
Full textReducción de la deposición de grasa abdominal en el pollo de carne mediante la modificación del perfil de ácidos grasos de la dieta.
Nieves Crespo Alcarria
Tanto la selección genética y la utilización de dietas cada vez más energéticas han permitido un aceleramiento de la velocidad de crecimiento del pollo. Así, mientras que en los años 50 eran necesarios unos 85 días para que un pollo de carne alcanzara un peso de 1.800 gramos, actualmente este periodo se reduce a 36 días, y además se acompaña de una mejora en el índice de conversión de más de un 50%. Sin embargo, paralelamente a esta mayor velocidad de crecimiento se ha producido un mayor engrasamiento de la canal.
En el procesado industrial, la grasa de la carcasa constituye una pérdida económica importante. Si además consideramos la mayor aceptación de los productos con bajo contenido en grasa, por parte de los consumidores se justifica el interés por conseguir una reducción en la deposición de grasa corporal en el pollo de carne.
Numerosos trabajos realizados en mamíferos y algunos realizados en pollos sugieren que la sustitución de grasa saturada por poliinsaturada en la dieta del pollo podría producir un menor engrasamiento de la canal.
En la presente tesis se estudió el efecto de dietas con diferentes perfiles de ácidos grasos sobre la deposición de grasa y el metabolismo lipídico del pollo de carne o Broiler. Se utilizaron 4 tipos de grasa con diferente grado de insaturación a un nivel de inclusión en el pienso del 10%: sebo (rico en ácidos grasos saturados), aceite de oliva (rico en ácidos grasos monoinsaturados), aceite de girasol (rico en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la serie n-6) y aceite de linaza (rico en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la serie n-3).
Los objetivos principales fueron determinar el efecto de los diferentes tipos de grasa en la dieta sobre:
Los parámetros productivos del pollo
La deposición de grasa corporal, abdominal y en otros depósitos lipídicos definidos
La retención de energía, proteína, grasa y ácidos grasos
La síntesis hepática de ácidos grasos
Determinados parámetros bioquímicos relacionados con la deposición de grasa en el pollo (VLDL, glucosa e insulina).
Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que las dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados mejoran el índice de conversión en el pollo Broiler hasta un 10%.
El porcentaje de grasa abdominal y de otros depósitos lipídicos definidos disminuyó de forma significativa (aproximadamente 30g) con las dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados.
Por otro lado se observó una mayor beta-oxidación de ácidos grasos en los pollos alimentados con las dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados dando lugar a una menor eficiencia energética de estas raciones. Sin embargo, al determinar la síntesis de ácidos grasos hepáticos, se observó que la dieta con linaza producía un mayor grado de lipogénesis que el resto de dietas estudiadas.
Por tanto, se concluye que las dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados reducen la deposición de grasa en el pollo de carne. Sin embargo, los resultados indican que no es la modificación de la actividad lipogénica la principal causa de la reducción de la deposición de grasa por los AGPI de la dieta, sino que sería la mayor actividad oxidativa de ácidos grasos y por tanto, la menor eficiencia energética de las dietas suplementadas con dichos ácidos grasos para la deposición de energía. Teniendo en cuenta la escasa contribución de la síntesis endógena de ácidos grasos a la deposición de grasa en pollos alimentados con dietas con un alto porcentaje de inclusión de grasa cualquier modificación en dicha actividad no habría de suponer una modificación detectable en la deposición de grasa corporal ya que podría ser totalmente compensada por la deposición directa de grasa dietética que se produce con estas raciones.
Reduction of abdominal fat deposition in Broiler chicken by dietary fatty acid profile modification.
Nieves Crespo Alcarria
Genetic selection and use of energetic rations has led to an increase in broiler growth. Fifty years ago chickens spend 85 days to reach 1.800g of body weight. Nowadays this period has been reduced to 36 days and moreover feed conversion ratio has been improved in more than 50%. However, as a consequence of this higher growth it has been produced higher carcass fat deposition.
In the processing plant, carcass fat constitute important economic loses. If we also take into account the higher acceptance of low fat content products by consumer, this justifies interest to obtain a reduction in body fat deposition of chickens.
Several works performed in mammals and some in chickens suggest that substitution of saturated fat by polyunsaturated fat in feed could reduce carcass fat deposition.
In the present work the effect of feed with different fatty acid profile on fat deposition and lipid metabolism in the chicken was studied. Four types of fat with different saturation level were used at 10% inclusion level. Tallow was added as a source of saturated fatty acid, olive oil as a source of monounsaturated fatty acids, sunflower oil as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-6 series and linseed oil as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 series.
Main objectives were to determine the effect of different dietary fats on:
Performance parameters of broiler chickens.
Body and abdominal fat deposition and fat deposition in other separable fat depots.
Energy, protein, fat and fatty acid deposition.
Hepatic lipid synthesis.
Biochemical parameters related with fat deposition in broiler chicken (VLDL, glucose and insulin).
Obtained results show that diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids improve feed conversion ratio in about 10%.
Percentage of abdominal fat and other separable fat depots was significantly reduced with diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. This reduction reached values of about 30g of adipose tissue.
On the other hand, higher fatty acid beta-oxidation was obtained in broilers fed diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids which could lead to lower energetic efficiency of feed. Results of hepatic fatty acid synthesis showed higher levels in broilers fed diet with added linseed oil, respect to the rest of the diets.
It was concluded that diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce fat deposition in broiler chicken. Results suggest that the main cause of fat reduction by polyunsaturated fatty acids is not a modification in lipogenesis level but also the higher fatty acid beta-oxidation observed with these diets, that would lead to lower energetic efficiency of the diet to fat deposition. Taking into account the low contribution of endogenous fatty acid synthesis to fat deposition in broilers fed high fat diets, any modification in this endogenous activity would not lead to a modification in body fat deposition as it would be compensate by direct dietary fat deposition.
Rivas, Chirito Dora Marlene. "Factores de riesgo asociado a dislipidemia en el personal de la Clínica Castilla-EsSalud, 2009." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12851.
Full textTrabajo académico
Ferreira, Ana Maria Coelho de Magalhães. "Efeito da suplementação de dietas com lípidos de origem marinha na composição em ácidos gordos da carne de borrego." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11136.
Full textO interesse em estudar a composição em ácidos gordos (AG) da carne de ruminantes advém da necessidade de descobrir diferentes vias para produzir carne mais saudável, isto é, com um teor de ácidos gordos polinsaturados (PUFA) mais elevado comparativamente ao teor de ácidos gordos saturados (SFA) e um balanço mais favorável entre os PUFA ómega-6 e ómega-3. O estudo realizado examinou os efeitos de diferentes fontes de PUFA de cadeia muito longa (LCPUFA) ómega-3 na composição de AG do músculo e da gordura subcutânea (GSC) de borregos. Assim, os principais objetivos deste estudo foram verificar de que forma a suplementação da dieta de borregos com lípidos de origem marinha (óleo de peixe e microalgas) afetou a composição de AG do músculo de borregos através da comparação do teor e tipo de AG das frações lipídicas do músculo (lípidos neutros e polares) e da GSC de borregos e se os AG provenientes das algas e do óleo de peixe se depositaram em quantidades significativas na carne ou na GSC. O ensaio foi realizado no INIAV-Santarém, em que foram utilizados 36 borregos Merino Branco, divididos em 3 grupos de 12 animais cada. O ensaio foi realizado durante 6 semanas, após uma semana de adaptação em que a dieta foi introduzida progressivamente. Os três grupos experimentais foram sujeitos a diferentes dietas: controlo, óleo de peixe e algas. Em geral, houve uma redução do 18:0 e uma acumulação de 18:1trans nos tecidos dos animas suplementados com lípidos de origem marinha comparativamente ao controlo, o que sugere a inibição do último passo da bioidrogenação ruminal. A suplementação das dietas com óleo de peixe e algas conduziram a um aumento de LCPUFA n-3 e CLAc9t11 na carne e na gordura dos borregos. No entanto, os níveis mais elevados de CLAc9t11 foram verificados no tratamento com óleo de peixe, o que sugere uma menor atividade da enzima Delta9-dessaturase no tratamento com algas relativamente ao do óleo de peixe.
ABSTRACT - The interest in study the fatty acid composition of ruminant meat comes from the need to find different ways to produce meat with a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to saturated fatty acids and a favorable balance between PUFA omega-6 and omega-3. This study examined the effects of different marine sources in the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat and muscle of lambs. Thus, the aims of this study was verify if the dietary supplementation of lipids from marine sources (fish oil and microalgae) had an effect on the fatty acid composition of lambs muscle and compare the content and type of fatty acids in lipid muscle fractions (neutral and polar lipids) and subcutaneous fat, and also understand if fatty acids from algae and fish oil were deposited in significant quantities in these tissues. The experiment was conducted at INIAV-Santarem, where 36 Merino Branco lambs were divided into 3 groups of 12 animals each. The experiment was conducted over 6 weeks after one week of adaptation to the diet. The three groups were subjected to different diets: control, fish oil and algae. Overall, there was a reduction of 18:0 and an accumulation of 18:1trans in the tissues of animals supplemented with marine lipids compared to control, suggesting an inhibition of the last biohydrogenation step. Supplementation of diets with fish oil and algae led to an increase of n-3 LCPUFA and CLAc9t11 in meat and subcutaneous fat of lambs. However, the highest levels of CLAc9t11 were observed with the fish oil treatment suggesting a reduced Delta9-dessaturase enzyme activity on animals fed algae compared to those fed fish oil.
Boglino, Anaïs. "The role of dietary lipids and essential fatty acids in the processes of skeletogenesis and pigmentation in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae = Efecto de los lípidos y ácidos grasos esenciales de la dieta sobre el desarrollo esquelético y la pigmentación en larvas del lenguado senegalés (Solea senegalensis)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127227.
Full textLas malformaciones esqueléticas y problemas pigmentarios son dos de los problemas más importantes que afectan actualmente a la producción masiva de juveniles de peces planos. Estas anomalías, que ocurren desde las etapas iniciales del desarrollo larvario, afectan su apariencia externa, disminuyen su precio final en el mercado y representan un importante cuello de botella para la acuicultura. Entre los factores implicados en la aparición de los citados desórdenes, la nutrición lipídica es uno de los parámetros más importantes afectando a la esqueletogénesis y a la pigmentación. Un desequilibrio en los niveles de lípidos y/o ácidos grasos esenciales (AGE) puede conducir a un desarrollo anormal del esquelético y despigmentación. El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral investigó el efecto de los lípidos y AGE (particularmente el ácido araquidónico, ARA) administrados en la dieta, sobre la esqueletogénesis y pigmentación en larvas del lenguado senegalés (Solea senegalensis), especie de pez plano producido en la península Ibérica, con alto precio en el mercado. El efecto de diferentes productos comerciales con distintos perfiles de ácidos grasos (AG) usados comúnmente para enriquecer Artemia, fue evaluado sobre el crecimiento, la maduración del sistema digestivo, la deposición de lípidos en diversos tejidos objetivos, la osificación y la incidencia de deformaciones esqueléticas en larvas de lenguado senegalés, trabajos que fueron completados con el estudio de la regulación molecular de dichos procesos durante el proceso de metamorfosis. Los efectos de los lípidos oxidados en la dieta también fueron evaluados sobre el crecimiento larvario, la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes, la deposición intestinal de lípidos, la osificación y la incidencia de deformidades esqueléticas en el lenguado senegalés. Finalmente, los efectos del ARA de la dieta sobre el crecimiento, la osificación, la incidencia de malformaciones esqueléticas y los desórdenes pigmentarios fueron evaluados y relacionados con las proporciones de prostaglandinas PGE2 y PGE3. La ontogenia de la pigmentación de la piel del lado ocular fue estudiada a nivel morfológico y molecular con el fin de detectar posibles alteraciones de un perfil normal de desarrollo de la pigmentación, mientras que la aparición del fenotipo pseudo-albino inducido nutricionalmente por un exceso de ARA fue también caracterizada.
Almeida, Mariana Sofia Magalhães. "Dieta mediterrânica e dieta atlântica: efeitos na saúde." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7561.
Full textO estudo dos padrões alimentares capta o efeito cumulativo e de interação dos vários alimentos e nutrientes e podem ser mais facilmente interpretados pela população, assumindo assim particular importância em Saúde Pública. A Dieta Mediterrânica (DM) e a Dieta Atlântica (DA) são padrões alimentares definidos por uma abordagem orientada por hipóteses prévias (a priori) e são representativos de uma determinada região e dos seus costumes culturais e sociais, reforçados ao longo de vários anos. Cada um apresenta na sua composição propriedades que lhes conferem o estatuto de alimentação saudável. Em termos de efeitos benéficos na saúde, a DM e os seus componentes têm sido exaustivamente associados a um menor risco cardiovascular, conferindo também um papel protetor sobre a incidência e mortalidade por cancro, em especial cancro da mama, da próstata, gástrico e colo-retal. A DM também apresenta evidência de ter um papel favorável na prevenção e tratamento da obesidade, diabetes, doenças inflamatórias reumáticas, osteoporose e a nível cognitivo. Em relação ao papel da DA na saúde, este tem muito menor evidência fruto da sua definição muito mais recente, tendo sido já associada a melhor perfil cardiovascular. Quer a DM quer a DA parecem sofrer atualmente uma espécie de descaracterização, havendo uma aproximação do seu padrão tradicional a outros padrões de regiões carateristicamente diferentes. Esta ocidentalização dos padrões preocupa a comunidade científica em geral.
The study of dietary patterns captures the cumulative and interaction effect of various foods and nutrients and can be more easily interpreted by the population, thus assuming particular importance in Public Health. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Atlantic Diet (AD) are dietary patterns defined by a hypothesis oriented approach (a priori) and are representative of a particular region and its cultural and social customs, reinforced over several years. Each one has properties that give them the status of healthy diets. In terms of benefits to health, the MD and its components have been extensively associated with a lower cardiovascular risk, and also a protective effect on cancer incidence and mortality, especially breast cancer, prostate, gastric and colorectal cancer has been described. The MD also presents evidence of having a favorable role in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, osteoporosis and at the cognitive level. The role of the AD in health, has much less evidence due to its much more recent definition, but it has already been associated with a better cardiovascular profile. Both the MD and AD seem to suffer a kind of decharacterization, with an approximation of the traditional pattern to other patterns of regions that are characteristically different. This westernization of dietary patterns concerns the scientific community in general.
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Alencar, Maria Luiza Aires de. "Dieta hipossódica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95924.
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A dieta hipossódica é pouco aceita entre indivíduos hospitalizados. A baixa aceitação está relacionada com a restrição de sal. A ingestão alimentar insuficiente gera inadequações no aporte de energia e nutrientes e comprometimento do estado nutricional dos pacientes. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a relação entre modificações culinárias em preparações da dieta hipossódica e sua aceitação por indivíduos hospitalizados. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico, não randomizado, controlado e cego em uma unidade de alimentação e nutrição hospitalar. A amostra foi escolhida por conveniência e saturação temporal. Os participantes foram pacientes com prescrição de dieta hipossódica de consistência branda ou normal internados em unidades de clínica médica, cirúrgica e emergência entre o primeiro e oitavo dia de internação em um hospital público de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Todos os participantes concordaram e assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Cada paciente foi controle de si mesmo e recebeu, em dois dias consecutivos, refeições alternadas de almoço e jantar da .Dieta Hipossódica Padrão. do hospital e da .Dieta Hipossódica Modificada.. As modificações constituíram-se no emprego de técnicas culinárias utilizando especiarias e condimentos diferentes ou pouco usados no setor em três preparações quentes do cardápio do almoço da dieta branda hipossódica: prato principal, acompanhamento e leguminosa. O cardápio do almoço foi repetido no jantar, sendo que em uma refeição foi servida a dieta .padrão. e em outra a .modificada.. As dietas foram analisadas em relação à quantidade média de alimento ofertado, rejeitado e ingerido nas refeições (salada, arroz, leguminosa, prato principal, acompanhamento e sobremesa) comparando-as entre si: .padrão. versus .modificada.. Posteriormente, as duas formas da dieta foram analisadas em relação às características dos indivíduos (sexo, idade, escolaridade, consumo prévio de sódio/sal), da internação (clínica de internação, medicamentos envolvidos com alteração do paladar/olfato), e ao dia de entrada no experimento em relação à data de internação. As análises foram efetuadas no software Stata 11.0. O nível de significância estatística estabelecido foi p<0,05. Dos 478 pacientes internados no período de estudo com os critérios de pesquisa, 90 pacientes convidados concluíram a participação: 66% homens; idade média de 60 anos; 81% estudou de zero até 8 anos; 56% não controlava consumo de sal antes da internação; 92% usava medicamento envolvido com distúrbio quimiosensório; 81% internou por doença crônica; 52% em clínica médica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a quantidade de alimento ofertado (p=0,627), rejeitado (p=0,198) e ingerido (p=0,794), em gramas, e em percentual (p=0,619) da dieta hipossódica .modificada. em relação a .padrão.. Também não houve diferença quanto a sexo, idade, controle do consumo de sódio/sal antes da admissão, clínica de internação, medicamentos envolvidos com alteração do paladar/olfato e dia de inserção na pesquisa em relação à data de internação. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à escolaridade com melhor aceitação para a dieta .padrão. (p<0,001). A pesquisa concluiu que modificações culinárias em preparações da dieta hipossódica pela adição de especiarias e condimentos não alterou a aceitação da dieta por pacientes hospitalizados.
Low sodium diets are poorly accepted among hospitalised individuals. This lack of acceptance is related to the restriction on salt. Insufficient dietary intake leads to inadequate provision of energy and nutrients and compromises the nutritional status of patients. The objective of this work was to examine the relationship between culinary modifications to preparations from a low sodium diet and its acceptance by hospitalised individuals. A non-randomised, controlled and blind clinical study was carried out. The sample was chosen by convenience. The participants were patients prescribed a low sodium diet with a soft or normal consistency, between the first and the eighth day after admission to medical, surgical and emergency units at a public hospital in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Each patient served as their own control and received, on two consecutive days, alternating meals for lunch and dinner from the hospital#s .Standard Low Sodium Diet. and the .Modified Low Sodium Diet.. The modifications consisted of the application of culinary techniques using spices and seasonings that were different or little used in the sector, in three hot preparations from the lunch menu of the soft low sodium diet: the main dish, side dish and pulse dish. The lunch menu was repeated at dinner, with one meal being served from the .standard. and the other from the .modified. diet. The diets were analysed with regard to the mean quantity of food offered, rejected and consumed during meals (salad, rice, pulse dish, main dish, side dish and dessert) comparing .standard. with .modified.. Later, the two forms of diet were analysed with regard to the characteristics of the individual patients (sex, age, schooling, previous intake of sodium/salt), of the admission (clinic, medicines associated with changes to taste/olfaction), and the day of inclusion in the study in relation to the date of admission. The analyses were performed using Stata 11.0 software. The level of statistical significance established was p<0.05. The study involved 90 patients: 66% men; mean age of 60 years; 81% with up to 8 years of schooling; 56% did not control their salt intake prior to admission; 92% were on medication associated with chemosensory disturbance; 81% were admitted due to chronic illness; 52% in a medical clinic. The results show that there was no statistically significant difference between the quantity of food offered (p=0.627), rejected (p=0.198) and ingested (p=0.794), in grams, and as a percentage (p=0.619) with the .modified. low sodium diet and the .standard.. There was also no difference with regard to sex, age, control of sodium/salt intake before admission, type of clinic, medicines associated with changes in taste/olfaction and the day of inclusion in the study in relation to the date of admission. The standard diet was more widely consumed among patients with more schooling (p<0.001). It is concluded that culinary modifications to preparations from a low sodium diet through the addition of spices and seasonings failed to increase their consumption by hospitalised patients.
Rodríguez, González Tania. "Desarrollo de dietas semihúmedas formuladas para cefalópodos (Octopus vulgaris y Enteroctopus megalocyathus): alteraciones lipídicas en materias primas deshidratadas y suplementación con lípidos polares." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/92650.
Full textGonzález, Betancourt Carlos Eduardo. "Efecto de diferentes razones de proteínas y lípidos en las dietas sobre la respuesta productiva y características de la canal del salmón del Pacífico (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2002. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132261.
Full textEl presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta productiva, indicadores de calidad de canal y el costo de alimentación de salmones Coho, al emplear dietas con distintas razones de proteínas/lípidos (P/L). Para ello se utilizaron 3300 salmones Coho nacionales, con un peso promedio inicial de 1121 g. Los peces fueron asignados al azar a tres tratamientos con dos repeticiones, de 550 peces cada una. Los peces del primer tratamiento (control) se alimentaron con una dieta que contenía 45% de proteínas y 22% de lípidos (2,04 P/L), los del segundo tratamiento con 43% de proteína y 26% de lípidos (1,65 P/L), y los del tercer tratamiento, 40% de proteína y 30% de lípidos (1,33 P/L). La respuesta productiva se evaluó por medio del consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, eficiencia de conversión alimenticia, tasa de crecimiento específico y peso final. La calidad de canal se evaluó por medio de la longitud corporal, factor de condición, peso eviscerado, rendimiento de la canal, peso de las vísceras, peso del hígado, peso gonadal, contenido de grasa perivisceral y espesor de la pared abdominal. Las respuestas productivas fueron similares en los tres tratamientos, salvo en el peso final de los salmones, que fue mayor en los tratamientos con razones P/L más estrechas (p 0,05), al igual que los machos respecto de las hembras (p 0,02). Con relación a las características de calidad de canal, la dieta del segundo tratamiento tuvo en general un mejor comportamiento en la mayoría de las variables registradas, al igual que los machos respecto de las hembras, sin embargo, las respuestas fueron diversas. El factor de condición y el rendimiento de la canal no fueron modificados por los distintos tratamientos y el depósito de grasa perivisceral fue mayor en dietas con razones de P/L más estrechas. El empleo de dietas con razones de P/L más estrechas, tuvo como consecuencia un aumento en el costo de alimento por kilo de salmón ganado de un 8,77% para la dieta 2 y de un 1,59% para la dieta 3, tomando como base la eficiencia de conversión alimenticia alcanzada en cada tratamiento.
FONDEF N° D 98-1-1069
Bernardes, Pedro Miguel Guedes. "Dieta Mediterrânica: Esteróis e Estanóis." Dissertação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53410.
Full textBernardes, Pedro Miguel Guedes. "Dieta Mediterrânica: Esteróis e Estanóis." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53410.
Full textSantos, Ed Wilson Cavalcante Oliveira. "Estudo da função de macrófagos peritoniais de camundongos submetidos à dieta hipoprotéica e dieta hiperlipídica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-14042014-144607/.
Full textProtein malnutrition and obesity are major food problems nowadays, affecting billions of people around the world. The nutritional transition that has occurred in recent decades is changing the nutritional profile, reducing malnutrition and increasing the percentage of obese individuals. The innate immune response is highly influenced by diet, with significant changes in both malnutrition and in obesity. Therefore, we set out to evaluate the effects of malnutrition and obesity on nutritional parameters, biochemical and immunological in mice. The malnourished animals presented weight loss, and a decrease in total protein, albumin, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin sensitivity. The malnourished animals also showed hematological (hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells) reduced, besides having pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow. The functions of adhesion, spreading, phagocytosis, fungicidal activity, production of reactive oxygen species, nitrogen and inflammatory cytokines, showed up diminished , showing changes in the innate immune response. The animals subjected to high-fat diet showed reduced feed intake, however there was no difference in the rates of glucose, insulin, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte counts. Hyperlipidaemic animals had increased cholesterol and triglyceride decreased and increased insulin sensitivity. The role of macrophage adhesion, spreading, phagocytosis, fungicidal activity, production of reactive oxygen species, nitrogen and inflammatory cytokines was slightly increased.
Quintero, Bernabeu Maria Rosa. "Estudi de la significació cel·lular dels "lípids mòbils" visibles per RMN en cèl·lules C6 de glioma de rata." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3563.
Full textEls senyals de lípids visibles per RMN (ML) de les cèl·lules C6 han estat monitorats a 9,4 i 11,7 T (pols i adquisició i 136 ms temps d'eco) en sediments cel·lulars per espectroscòpia de 1H NMR. S'ha trobat un comportament reproduïble amb el creixement. Els ML augmenten de fase log (dia 4 de cultiu) a fase postconfluent (dia 7 de cultiu). Aquest comportament es correspon amb el percentatge de cèl·lules que contenent gotícules citosòliques detectables per tinció amb Nile Red i epifluorescència. (rang 23% -60% de cèl·lules). El nombre de cèl·lules positives augmenta després de la sembra (dia 0-1), disminueix a fase log (dia 2-4), augmenta altre cop amb la confluència (dia 5) i encara més en post-confluència (dia 7). L'aturada de la proliferació induïda per deprivació de factors de creixement indueix una major acumulació de gotícules citosòliques (fins a 100%) i un major augment en els ML ( fins a 21 vegades respecte de les cèl·lules de fase log de dia 4 de cultiu).
La quantificació del lípids neutres en extractes lipídics totals de cèl·lules C6 per cromatografia en capa prima (TLC) mostra que no hi ha canvis significatius amb el creixement o l'aturada de proliferació en els principals tipus de lípids neutres presents (triacilglicerols, TAG; diacilglicerols, DAG; esters de colesterol, ChoEst) excepte pels DAG, els quals decreixen en cèl·lules de dia 7.
La quantificació per 1H-13C HMQC dels extractes de cèl·lules C6 (cèls. dia 4, fase log, n=3; i dia 7, post-confluenst, n=3) i and {1}-13C-glucosa enriquida 99% (cèls. dia 4, , n=3, incubació 2h4; i dia 7, n=3, incubació 48h) va mostrar que no hi havia diferències significatives en el contingut de TEG entre cèl·lules de dia 4 i de dia 7. La distribució del marcatge obtinguda suggereix una compartimentalització de la síntesi de PL i TAG a partir de DAG, i un origen diferent de glucosa per la síntesi de TAG en les condicions experimentals.
L' aparent discrepància entre els resultants d'RMN, microscòpia òptica I TLC pot ser explicada si es tenen en compte canvis biofísics en el pool de lípids neutres i els resultants de marcatge. Es proporciona una explicació cel·lular pels resultats obtinguts: la hipòtesi de la llançadora de TAG.
NMR-visible mobile lipids (ML) resonances at 1.28 and 0.9ppm have been described in the spectral pattern of aggressive tumours and in cultured cell types. These ML mostly originate from triacylglicerol (TAG) in droplets (1-10 micrometers of diameter) and have been related to necrosis and hypoxia in tumours and proliferation rate in cultured cells. Proper understanding of the biochemical and biophysical origin of these ML could help MRS of human brain tumours to provide useful information for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy planning.
NMR-visible mobile lipid (ML) signals of C6 glioma cells have been monitored at 9.4 and 11.7 T (single pulse and 136 ms echo time) from cell pellets by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A reproducible behavior with growth has been found. ML signals increase from log phase (4 day of culture) to postconfluence (7 day of culture). This ML behavior is paralleled by the percentage of cells containing epifluorescence detectable Nile Red stained cytosolic droplets (range 23% - 60% of cells). The number of positive cells increases after seeding (day 0-1), decreases at log phase (day 2-4), increases again at confluence (day 5) and even further at post-confluence (day 7). C6 cells proliferation arrest induced by growth factors deprivation induces an even higher accumulation of cytosolic droplets (up to 100% of cells) and a large ML increase (up to 21 -fold with respect to 4 day log phase cells)
When neutral lipid content is quantified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on total lipid extracts of C6 cells, no statistically significant change can be detected with growth or growth arrest in major neutral lipid containing species (triacylglycerol, TAG, diacylglycerol, DAG, cholesterol esters, ChoEst) except for DAG, which decreased in post-confluent, 7 day cells.
Quantitation of C6 lipid extracts of cultured cells (day 4 cells, log phase, n=3, and day 7 cells, postconfluent, n=3) and {1}-13C-glucose 99% enriched grown cells (day 4 cells, n=3, 24h incubation with 13C enriched glucose, day 3-day 4, and day 7 cells,n=3, 48h incubation with 13C enriched glucose, day 5-day 7) by 1H-13C HMQC showed no statistically significant changes in TAG content between day 4 and day 7 cultured cells. The labelling distribution obtained suggests a cellular compartimentalization of the synthesis pathway for PL and TAG from DAG, and an origin different from glucose for TAG synthesis under the experimental conditions (log phase and post-confluence).
The apparent discrepancy between NMR, optical microscopy and TLC results can be reconciled if possible biophysical changes in the neutral lipid pool with growth and labeling results are taken into account. A cellular explanation for the observed results is proposed: the TAG-droplet-size-change hypothesis.
Barneda, Ciurana David. "Estudi dels efectes del liti sobre el metabolisme dels fosfolípids i l'alliberació de senyals químics en cultius d'astròcits." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3606.
Full textHem caracteritzat l'increment que produeix el liti en la velocitat de síntesi de fosfatidilcolina (PC) en astròcits, que ja apareix amb el tractament agut amb liti, però és especialment significatiu a partir de les 24 hores de tractament. El liti potencia la ruta de Kennedy per a la síntesi de PC, un efecte que es veu parcialment revertit per l'addició d'inositol, indicant que la inhibició de la IMPasa per part del liti hi estaria implicada. Els efectes del liti no es limiten a la PC sinó que es produeix una alteració general del metabolisme lipídic dels astròcits. El liti inhibeix la síntesi de fosfatidilinositol i de fosfatidiletanolamina, un efecte que es dóna de manera similar amb valproat o carbamazepina que, de manera oposada al liti, també provoquen una forta inhibició en la síntesi de PC. Paral·lelament, el tractament crònic amb liti sembla reduïr la síntesi de novo d'àcids grassos i de colesterol. Globalment, els efectes observats ens fan pensar que en incrementar la síntesi de PC el liti podria produir una reducció en els nivells de diacilglicerol cel·lulars, fet que podria estar implicat amb el mecanisme terapèutic d'aquest ió.
Si la diana terapèutica del liti es troba en els astròcits, és probable que actuï a nivell de les molècules que aquests alliberen per tal de modular la transmissió sinàptica. En aquest sentit hem comprovat que el tractament amb liti, a dosis lleugerament superiors a les terapèutiques, incrementa l'alliberació de TNF-α, òxid nítric, i prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) en cultius d'astròcits estimulats amb lipopolisacàrid bacterià (LPS). Sorprenentment en emprar una dosi de liti inferior, dins del rang terapèutic del fàrmac, s'observa una reducció en l'alliberació de PGE2, un efecte reproduït pel valproat, la carbamazepina i la lamotrigina. L'efecte dual del liti en funció de la concentració aplicada, es deu a una reducció en la producció d'àcid araquidònic en resposta a senyals de Ca2+ citosòlic, paral·lela a un increment en la inducció de la ciclooxigenasa-2 (COX-2) en astròcits estimulats amb LPS. Aquest fet podria estar relacionat amb l'estreta finestra terapèutica d'aquest fàmac, i contribueix a relacionar els astròcits amb el mecanisme d'acció dels estabilitzadors de l'estat d'ànim.
Bipolar disorder is a common disease characterized by an alternating pattern of depression and mania episodes. Bipolar patients are treated with the mood stabilizing drugs, like lithium, valproate and carbamazepine, however the action mechanism of these drugs remains unknown. As most of the studies on this issue have been focused in neurons, we decided to analyze the effects of lithium in cultured astrocytes, a type of glial cells that are emerging as active elements in the regulation of synaptic transmission.
We have characterized the increase on phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis induced by lithium in cultured astrocytes, an effect that appears with the acute treatment and is enhanced after 24 hours of treatment with lithium. Lithium potentiates the Kennedy pathway for the synthesis of PC, in an IMPase (inositol monophosphatase) inhibition dependent manner. Lithium effects are not limited to PC but it produces a broad alteration on astrocytic lipid metabolism. Lithium inhibits phosphatidylinositol and phosfatidylethanolamine synthesis, an effect also induced by the treatment with valproate or carbamazepine, which don't stimulate PC synthesis as lithium but inhibit it. On the other hand, chronic lithium treatment reduces fatty acids and cholesterol "de novo" synthesis. Overall, we hypothesized that lithium, increasing PC synthesis, induces a reduction on cellular diacylglycerol levels, which in turn could be related with the therapeutic mechanism of this ion.
If astrocytes are the lithium's cellular target, it might actuate modifying the release of signaling molecules by these cells. Accordingly to this hypothesis, we have found that lithium treatment, at concentrations higher than its therapeutic window, increases TNF-alpha, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in cultured astrocytes stimulated with bacterial lipopolisaccharide (LPS). Surprisingly, using a lower lithium concentration, corresponding to its therapeutic range, astrocytes shown a reduction on PGE2 release, an effect replicated by the treatment with valproate, carbamazepine or lamotrigine. The dual effect of lithium on the PGE2 release is due to an inhibition of arachydonic acid release in response to cytosolic Ca2+ signals that courses in parallel to an increase on cyclooxygenase expression in astrocytes stimulated with LPS. This dual role could be related with the thin therapeutic window of lithium, and contributes to link astrocytes with the mechanism of action of mood stabilizers.
Torres, Cabestany Pascual. "Cell Stress and RNA Splicing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Novel Opportunities for Therapeutic Development." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671440.
Full textLa ELA es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa multifactorial. Dado que actualmente es una enfermedad incurable sin una causa conocida, los esfuerzos para descubrir nuevas dianas terapéuticas están bien justificados. La evidencia disponible indica que la fisiopatología de la ELA puede estar compuesta parcialmente de interacciones entre alteraciones de lípidos, estrés oxidativo, deslocalización de TDP-43 y metabolismo del ARN. Para explorar el impacto de la deslocalización de TDP-43, cuantificamos por primera vez el splicing críptico derivado de la disfunción de TDP-43 en tejido humano, modelos celulares y ratones. Los exones crípticos son candidatos a biomarcadores en la ELA, y los cuantificamos en otras patologías relacionadas con alteraciones de TDP-43, como la demencia tipo Alzheimer-LATE. Uno de los ARNm controlados por TDP-43 codifica para ATG4B, una proteína esencial en la formación de la maquinaria de membrana de la autofagia. Por otro lado, las membranas del sistema nervioso central están enriquecidas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA), muy sensibles al estrés oxidativo. Las publicaciones anteriores del grupo demuestran una disminución en el ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) -un PUFA- en la médula espinal de los donantes de ELA. El DHA es un regulador crucial de la inflamación y se ha relacionado con enfermedades neurodegenerativas relacionadas con la edad. Esta tesis muestra que la intervención dietética puede aumentar eficazmente el contenido de DHA de la médula espinal mediante el uso de una dieta enriquecida con DHA, que tiene un efecto beneficioso en la supervivencia de los ratones transgénicos machos. Esta mejora se asoció con una disminución de los marcadores inflamatorios y de daño del ADN. Debido a que se observa un daño en el ADN similar y un perfil de liberación de citocinas en el perfil secretor asociado a la senescencia (SASP) en la neuroinflamación, también examinamos el papel potencial de la senescencia en la ELA. Detectamos niveles aumentados de marcadores SASP y signos de senescencia celular (expresión aumentada de p16-INK y p21) en etapas presintomáticas y sintomáticas en la médula espinal de los ratones hSOD1-G93A. Sin embargo, el tratamiento senolítico con Navitoclax (un inhibidor de Bcl-2) no ofreció ningún beneficio en la supervivencia de los ratones ni una disminución de los niveles de expresión de genes de senescencia celular y marcadores SASP. También demostramos que el splicing críptico aumenta en ratones hSOD1-G93A en la etapa final y se correlaciona con el marcador de senescencia p16-INK. Por último, para mejorar el potencial de transferencia, exploramos las alteraciones del splicing críptico y cambios metabolómicos como potenciales biomarcadores periféricos. Desafortunadamente, los exones crípticos medidos en tejido nervioso no se expresan en células mononucleares de sangre periférica. No obstante, los análisis del metaboloma plaquetario revelaron cambios significativos en los enfoques de casos-controles y de pronóstico. En conclusión, esta tesis destaca los hallazgos novedosos relacionados con posibles intervenciones dietéticas y senolíticos, y propone nuevos biomarcadores metabolómicos y transcriptómicos.
ALS is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. As it is currently an incurable disease without a known cause, the efforts in discovering novel targets are well justified. Available evidence indicates that ALS pathophysiology can be partially comprised of interactions between lipid alterations, oxidative stress, TDP-43 mislocalization, and RNA metabolism. In order to explore the impact of TDP-43 mislocalization, we quantified for the first time the cryptic exon splicing derived from TDP-43 dysfunction in human tissue, cell models, and mice. Cryptic exons are candidate biomarkers in ALS, and we quantified them in other pathologies related to TDP-43 disturbances, such as the Alzheimer-LATE type dementia. One of the TDP-43 controlled mRNAs is codifying for ATG4B, an essential protein at the build-up of autophagy's membranal machinery. On the other hand, the central nervous system membranes are enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are very sensitive to oxidative stress. The group's previous publications indicated a decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) -a PUFA- in ALS donors' spinal cord. DHA is a crucial regulator of inflammation and has been implicated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This thesis shows that dietary intervention can effectively increase DHA content of the spinal cord by using a DHA enriched diet, which has a beneficial effect on male survival time. This improvement was associated with decreased inflammatory and DNA damage markers. Because a similar DNA damage and cytokine release profile are seen in senescence-associated secretory profile (SASP) in neuroinflammation, we also examined the potential role of senescence in ALS. We detected increased levels of SASP markers and signs of cell senescence (increased expression of p16-INK and p21) in pre- and symptomatic stages in the hSOD1-G93A ALS spinal cord. However, a senolytic treatment with Navitoclax (a Bcl-2 inhibitor) did not offer any benefit in mice survival nor a decreased level of cell senescence and SASP markers. We also demonstrate that cryptic exon splicing is increased in the hSOD1-G93A ALS model at the end-stage, and it is correlated with senescence marker p16-INK mRNA. Finally, to enhance transference potential, we explored both metabolomic and cryptic exon splicing alterations in peripheral biomarkers. Unfortunately, cryptic exons measured in nervous tissue are not expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Notwithstanding, platelet metabolome analyses revealed significant changes in case-control and prognostic approaches. Globally, this thesis highlights novel findings related to potential dietary interventions, open the door for new therapeutic agents such as senolytic and propose new metabolomics and transcriptomic biomarkers.
Companyó, Casanovas Mònica. "Paper dels lípids de membrana en la capacitació i reacció acrosòmica de l'espermatozoide de boc: estudis biofísics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3517.
Full textLa incubació dels espermatozoides en b-ciclodextrina (bCD) 8 mM com a acceptor de colesterol va donar lloc a una sortida de gairebé un 50% del colesterol de les membranes i la RA va ser induïda fins a un 35%. No obstant, quan només era eliminat el 30% de colesterol de les membranes, no s'induïa RA. Aquesta sortida de colesterol no anava acompanyada de sortida de fosfolípids, indicant que s'havia preservat la integritat de les membranes. L'esmentada sortida és molt ràpida, segueix una cinètica exponencial decreixent amb una semivida d'aproximadament 10 min, arribant al nivell asimptòtic al cap d'uns 30 min. Aquesta cinètica contrasta amb la cinètica lenta de la RA; es necessiten gairebé 2 h per assolir el màxim percentatge de RA. Es conclou que la sortida de colesterol, per sí sola, indueix RA.
Es va investigar l'efecte de la sortida de colesterol en la "fluïdesa" de membrana d'espermatozoides vius i en liposomes procedents d'extractes lipídics d'espermatozoides. Utilitzant l'anisotropia de fluorescència del 1,6-difenil-1,3,5-hexatriè (DPH) es va estudiar el comportament termotròpic dels lípids de membrana, després d'1 h d'incubació dels espermatozoides en presència o absència de bCD 8 mM. Les dades experimentals es van ajustar a corbes teòriques sigmoidals, la qual cosa ens va permetre determinar acuradament els paràmetres del comportament termotròpic. En el cas dels espermatozoides sencers, es van distingir dues transicions de fase diferents, atribuïbles a diferents dominis lipídics. Així doncs, a les membranes dels espermatozoides coexisteixen regions fluïdes amb regions clarament més rígides. La sortida de colesterol va donar lloc a importants canvis en l'extensió relativa de les dues transicions de fase, indicant un increment de la fluïdesa d'alguns microdominis lipídics de la membrana dels espermatozoides i una reorganització lateral dels dominis lipídics, just abans de l'inici de la RA.
Per tal d'establir quins dels macrodominis de la membrana plasmàtica de l'espermatozoide estaven implicats en la sortida de colesterol, es va utilitzar la microscòpia confocal. Mitjançant merocianina 540 com a marcador de fluïdesa, es van determinar quatre patrons de marcatge diferents en la membrana de l'espermatozoide de boc. Aquests quatre patrons tenien en comú un intens marcatge de la peça intermèdia, i es diferenciaven pel seu marcatge en el cap. Els tres patrons majoritaris es caracteritzaven per presentar o bé un marcatge en tot l'acrosoma, o bé un marcatge limitat al segment equatorial, o be un marcatge tant en el segment equatorial com en el segment apical. El patró minoritari es caracteritzava per tenir el postacrosoma més marcat. La sortida de colesterol va fer variar la freqüència d'aquests quatre patrons: va augmentar la freqüència dels patrons que presentaven un marcatge en el segment equatorial i en el segment equatorial i apical. Així doncs, la sortida de colesterol va fer augmentar la fluïdesa de la membrana plasmàtica dels espermatozoides de boc en uns macrodominis ben definits, el segment equatorial i el segment apical. La fluïdesa de la regió postacrosomal va romandre inalterada.
Per tal de poder quantificar, a nivell poblacional, els canvis de fluïdesa de membrana dels espermatozoides durant la capacitació, es va utilitzar la citometria de flux. Amb aquesta tècnica es va atribuir al conjunt de la població d'espermatozoides vius un augment de la fluïdesa de membrana, induïda per la incubació en bCD 8 mM durant 1 h. Aquesta fluïdesa es va veure incrementada encara, al cap de 2 h, coincidint amb la RA massiva.
Cholesterol efflux plays an important role in sperm capacitacion and membrane fusion in the acrosome reaction (AR). In this thesis, we established the effect of cholesterol removal from goat spermatozoa on membrane "fluidity" and acrosomal responsiveness.
Mature goat spermatozoa were incubated in BSA-free medium in the presence of b-cyclodextrine (bCD) as cholesterol acceptor. After incubation with 8 mM bCD, approximately 50% of cholesterol was released from sperm membranes with no loss in the phospholipid content, indicating membrane preservation, and 35% of AR was induced. However, when only 30% of cholesterol was lost, this moderate cholesterol decrease was unable to initiate AR. Cholesterol desorption was very rapid, following an exponential decay with a half-time of around 10 min, and reaching an asymptotic level at 30 min. This kinetics is in contrast with the slow sigmoidal kinetics of acrosomal responsiveness: around 2 h were required for maximal AR. Our results suggest that cholesterol efflux has a direct influence on the onset of the AR, that is, merely removing cholesterol would trigger the AR.
We also investigated the effect of cholesterol removal from mature goat spermatozoa on membrane "fluidity" of live cell membranes and liposomes from sperm lipid extracts. Using steady state fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), we studied the thermotropic behavior of the membrane lipids, after incubation of live sperm for 1 h in BSA-free medium with the presence/absence of 8 mM bCD, as a cholesterol acceptor. Unimodal and bimodal theoretical sigmoids fitted best to the experimental thermotropic profiles of liposomes and whole cells, respectively. In the case of whole sperm, two transitions, attributable to different lipid domains, were clearly separated by using the fitting parameters. So, in sperm membranes fluid domains and rigid domains co-exist. After cholesterol removal, important changes in the relative extension of the two transitions were found, indicating an increase of the "fluidity" of some of the lipid microdomains of sperm membranes and a rearrangement in the lateral domain organization, just before the onset of AR.
In order to establish which domains of sperm plasma membrane were implicated in cholesterol loss, we used confocal microscopy. Using merocyanine 540 as a fluidity probe, we found four staining patterns in goat sperm plasma membrane. These patterns were characterized by a strong labelling of the midpiece, and differed by their head labelling. The three most frequent patterns presented a strong labellig in all the acrosome (pattern A) or in only the equatorial region (pattern B) or in the equatorial and apical regions (pattern C). In the less frequent pattern (pattern D) the more intensely labelled region was the postacrosome. Cholesterol efflux modified the frequencies of these four patterns: an increase in the frequencies of patterns B and C at expense of patterns A and D. So, cholesterol desorption increased the fluidity of goat sperm plasma membrane in well defined macrodomains, the equatorial and apical regions. The fluidity of the postacrosomal region remained unchanged.
In order to study the distribution of membrane fluidity in a goat sperm population during capacitation, we used flow cytometry. Using this technique the increase in membrane fluidity induced by 1 h of incubation on 8 mM bCD was attributed to the live sperm population. This fluidity was still increased after 2 h of incubation, just when the AR maximum percentage was reached.
Gómez, Avellaneda Gisela Elizabeth. "Prevalencia y factores asociados con la dislipidemia en trabajadores de un centro de salud del nivel primario." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8258.
Full textDetermina la prevalencia y factores asociados con la dislipidemia en trabajadores de algunos centros de salud del nivel primario. La investigación fue transversal. Se incluyó a 163 trabajadores, de algunos centros de salud del nivel primario durante el mes de agosto del año 2014 la mediana de edad fue 49,0 años y fluctúo entre 22 y 67 años. Se realizó una entrevista mediante un cuestionario que fue previamente sometido a juicio de experto, mejorando la presentación de las preguntas, posteriormente se realizó la prueba de piloto. El estado nutricional se determinó mediante el índice de masa corporal (IMC), siguiendo las normas técnicas para la valoración nutricional antropométrica del Ministerio de Salud. Adicionalmente se realizó la extracción de muestra de sangre a través de la punción venosa central para determinar las dislipidemias y se consideraron colesterol total (CT) elevado > 200 mg/dl, LDL-C > 100 mg/dl, HDL-C bajo (varones HDL-C < 40 mg/dl y mujeres HDL-C < 50 mg/ dl), y triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/d. Las muestras fueron procesadas en un laboratorio particular. El perímetro abdominal se evaluó mediante la cinta métrica, se midió al participante en posición erguida, con el torso descubierto, y con los brazos relajados y con los pies separados por una distancia de 25 a 30 cm, de acuerdo a la Guía Técnica de valoración nutricional del Ministerio de Salud. Se solicitó el consentimiento informado por escrito para la extracción de muestras sanguíneas. Encuentra que la prevalencia de hipercolesterolemia fue 30,1%, hipertriglicéridemia 40,5%, HDL-C bajo 69,3%, LDL-C elevado 55,2%, y la dislipidemia global fue 87,7%. Los factores asociados a dislipidemia por Hipertrigliceridemia son la edad entre 50-59 años (OR 4, IC 95% : 1.2-13.6), obesidad (OR 2.8, IC 95% : 1.2- 6.7), riesgo cardiovascular muy alto según perímetro abdominal (OR 2.5, IC 95% : 1.1-1,7), relacionado a Hipercolesterolemia es la edad entre 40-49 años (OR 12.1, IC 95% : 1.4-100,7), 50-59 años (OR 8,9 IC 95% : 1.1-72.8), 60-69 años (OR 10.7, IC 95% : 1.2-93.6), sobrepeso (OR 2.8, IC 95% : 1.1-7,2), obesidad (OR 5.1, IC 95% : 1.9-13.8), por su parte el factor asociado a HDL-C bajo , es el riesgo cardiovascular muy alto (OR: 2.5, IC 95% : 1.1-5-9), y el factor asociado a LDL- C elevado es la edad entre 30-39 años (OR 6.7, IC 95% : 1.8-24.7), 40-49 años (OR 7.1, IC 95% : 1.9-25.7), 50-59 años (OR 6, IC 95% : 1.7-20, 6), 60-69 años (OR 4.3, IC 95% : 1.1-16.7) y la obesidad (OR 2.5, IC 95% : 1.1 – 5.8) Concluye que la prevalencia de hipertrigliceridemia fue de 40,5%, hipercolesterolemia 30,1%, HDL-C bajo 69,3 %, LDL-C elevado 55,2% en trabajadores de algunos centros de salud del nivel primario y la prevalencia de dislipidemia global fue 87,7%. La edad entre 50-59 años, la obesidad y el riesgo cardiovascular muy alto están asociados a la hipertrigliceridemia y la edad entre 40-49 años, 50–59 años, 60–69 años, el sobrepeso y la obesidad están asociados a la Hipercolesterolemia. El riesgo cardiovascular muy alto está asociado al HDL –C bajo. La edad entre 30-39 años, 40-49 años, 50–59 años, 60–69 años y la obesidad están asociados al LDL – C alto en trabajadores de algunos centros de salud del nivel primario.
Tesis
Leite, Brunna Garcia de Souza. "Fibra na dieta de poedeiras comerciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20112018-160622/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fiber inclusion on the diet of laying hens. Therefore, 416 commercial laying hens of the Lohmann strain were distributed in a completely randomized design in four treatments with thirteen replicates of eight birds per experimental unit. The fiber levels studied consisted of diets with inclusion of 0,0; 0.2; 1,0 and 2,0% from a commercial source of fiber. The trial was conducted from the 24th to 40th week of birds\' age, totaling 4 cycles of 28 days each. The data of productive performance (egg production, feed intake, egg weight and mass, feed conversion per dozen and egg mass and percentage of salable eggs) and egg quality (eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, Haugh unit and eggshell thickness) were evaluated at the end of each 28-day cycle. At the end of the experiment, one bird per experimental unit was separated to obtain the intestinal morphometry data, in which the intestinal tract was removed for gizzard weight, intestine length and villus height and crypt depth of the segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). The experimental data of the productive performance obtained by the mean of the experimental period were used for the accomplishment of the economic analysis. It was observed that in the productive performance, inclusion levels of 1,0 and 2,0% of dietary fiber promoted a significant effect on egg weight and egg mass. In the egg quality the different levels of fiber presented improvement on the resistance and thickness of the shell. In the analysis of intestinal morphometry, it was observed that the birds fed different levels of fiber in the diet obtained a longer intestine length, a higher villus height in the jejunum and a better villus height ratio: crypt depth in the ileum. Regarding the economic analysis, the inclusion level of 0.2% fiber in the diet obtained results equal to the control diet over feeding cost, feeding cost per bird and between feeding cost over total revenue. It was concluded that the inclusion of fiber in the laying diet can cause positive effects on parameters of productive performance, egg quality and intestinal mucosa development. And from the economic point of view the inclusion of 0.2% fiber in the diet is more viable.
González, Bardanca Mónica. "Síndrome metabólico, dieta y marcadores de inflamación." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104208.
Full textHuamán, Ríos José Wálter. "Relación entre dieta, función y síntomas digestivos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670576.
Full textLos trastornos funcionales digestivos son los trastornos más frecuentes en gastroenterología. Se trata de un grupo de trastornos de la interacción cerebro-intestino, que se clasifican de acuerdo con los síntomas predominantes, los más conocidos son la dispepsia funcional, el síndrome de intestino irritable, el estreñimiento y los trastornos de la defecación. Se sabe que hay una relación entre la dieta, función y los síntomas digestivos. Sin embargo, la fisiopatología de los trastornos funcionales digestivos no está del todo aclarada. En esta tesis doctoral planteamos la siguiente hipótesis general: el contenido intestinal es un factor clave en el desencadenamiento de síntomas en pacientes con distintos tipos de síndromes digestivos funcionales. El objetivo principal fue determinar si los factores que determinar el contenido intestinal, tanto la dieta como el hábito deposicional, influyen sobre los síntomas digestivos funcionales. En primer lugar, realizamos un estudio randomizado, doble ciego, en pacientes con trastornos funcionales digestivos, donde se comparó el efecto de un suplemento (2.8 g/día Bimuno que contiene 1.37 g B-GOS) más un placebo (dieta mediterránea típica) vs un suplemento de placebo (2.8 g de xilosa) más una dieta baja en FODMAPs. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia específica de distintos tipos de residuos fermentables de la dieta (prebióticos y FODMAPs) sobre los síntomas relacionados con el gas intestinal en paciente con síndromes funcionales digestivos. Los resultados fueron que ambos tratamientos presentaron mejoría en los scores de síntomas. Sin embargo, ambas estrategias tuvieron consecuencias después de descontinuar el tratamiento. Aunque la mejoría de los síntomas persistió 2 semanas después de la administración del prebiótico, los síntomas empeoraron después de descontinuar la dieta baja en FODMAPs. Además, los tratamientos inducen efectos diferentes en la microbiota, en relación a las Bifidobacterias (incremento con prebióticos y disminución con la dieta baja en FODMAP). A continuación, realizamos un estudio randomizado, paralelo, en pacientes con dispepsia funcional con síndrome de distress postprandial y con estreñimiento funcional con disinergia defecatoria, donde se comparó la corrección de la disinergia defecatoria mediante biofeedback anorectal vs un suplemento de fibra (3.5 g de plantago de ovata por día) durante 4 semanas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el papel fisiopatológico del estreñimiento en la dispepsia funcional, es decir si el estreñimiento asociado influye sobre los síntomas dispépticos. Los resultados fueron que la corrección de la disinergia defecatoria estuvo asociado con una mejora en los síntomas dispépticos y esta mejoría subjetiva estuvo asociada con una reducción objetiva en el número de evacuaciones de gas anal, ninguno de estos efectos se observó en el grupo que recibió suplementos de fibra. Las conclusiones de esta tesis doctoral fueron que los factores que determinan el contenido intestinal, tanto la dieta como el hábito deposicional, influyen sobre los síntomas digestivos funcionales y que los distintos síndromes funcionales digestivos comparten una base fisiopatológica común que involucra el contenido intestinal.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders are the most common diagnoses in gastroenterology disorders. It is a group of disorders of the gut-brain interaction and are classified according to the predominant symptoms. The best known are functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation and defecation disorders. It is known that there is a relationship between diet, function and digestive symptoms. However, the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders is not entirely clear. In this doctoral thesis we propose the following general hypothesis: intestinal content is a key factor in triggering symptoms in patients with different types of functional gastrointestinal syndromes. The main aim was to determine if the factors that determine the intestinal content, both the diet and depositional habit, influence functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Firstly, we performed a randomized, parallel and double-blind study of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders, and compared the effect of a prebiotic supplement (2.8 g/d Bimuno containing 1.37 g B-GOS) plus a placebo (Mediterranean-type diet) versus a placebo supplement (2.8 g xylose) plus a diet low in FODMAP. The arm of this study was to determine the specific influence of different types of fermentable residues from the diet (prebiotics and FODMAP) on gas-related symptoms in patient, with functional gastrointestinal disorders. The results were that both treatments improved the symptoms to a similar extent. However, both strategies had different consequences after treatment discontinuation; while the improvement of symptoms persisted 2 weeks after prebiotic administration was discontinued, the symptoms relapsed after the termination of the low FODMAP diet. Also, both treatments induced different effects on microbiota, particularly in relation to the Bifidobacterium (increased with prebiotic and decreased with low FODMAP diet). Next, we performed a randomized, parallel study of patients with functional dyspepsia with postprandial distress syndrome and functional constipation with dyssynergic defecation and compared correction of dyssynergic defecation by biofeedback techniques vs fiber supplementation (3.5 g plantago ovata per day) for 4 weeks. The arm of this study was to determine the pathophysiologic role of constipation in functional dyspepsia, that is, if the associated constipation influences dyspeptic symptoms. The results were that the correction of dyssynergic defecation was associated with a significant improvement of dyspeptic symptoms and this subjective improvement was associated with an objective reduction in the number of anal gas evacuations. None of these effects were observed in the group that received fiber supplements. The conclusions of this doctoral thesis were that the factors that determine the intestinal content, both the diet and the depositional habit, influence the functional gastrointestinal symptoms and that the different functional gastrointestinal syndromes share a common pathophysiological basis that involves the intestinal content.
Amorim, Aline Guimarães. "Magnésio na dieta de praticantes de musculação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-29012015-154119/.
Full textThe study evaluated the magnesium comsuption in body building\'s diet (n = 15) according to the new Dietary Reference Intakes (IDRs). Magnesium\'s food sources also were identified of the studied group and in marathon runners\' diet of the same age, so they could be reproduced and analyzed in its total magnesium content. This way, the obtained results in laboratory could becompared with the ones found in food composition tables, also conducting the validity of total magnesium\'s determination methodology . The magnesium dietary consumption (average±standard deviation) was 323±115 mgMg/d and 115±26 mgMg/1000kcal in the the 19-30 year-old group and 345±110 mgMg/d and 110±18 mgMg/1000kcal in the 31 to 50 year-old group, without significant differences among the studied groups. In this scenario, 5 body building athletes had the minimum probability of 70% of adequate magnesium\'s usual ingestion, while 6 showed at least 70% of minimum probability of inadequate magnesium\'s usual ingestion. Should be done a better dietary contribution of the mineral in question, emphasizing a larger food consumption with higher magnesium content. The main boby builders\' Mg food sources were banana, steak, cooked potato, cooked spinach, bean, semi-skimmed milk and oat flakes. Also, for the marathon runners these were represented by banana, com flour, oat bran, bean, steak, cooked fish, okra, chocolate powder, whole-meal bread and cassava. The calibration curve found for magnesium was linear (r = 0,9999), presenting DL and QL O, 15±0, 17 and 0,48±0,55 mgMg/mL In total magnesium determination the certified reference material (NIST) and secundary reference material (AIN93G) presented a variation coefficient (c.v.) of 4,4 and 3,2%, respectively. Even so, the obtained concentration in the NIST reference material was significantly smaller (p <0,05) than the expected value. The analyzed foods had c.v. below the established limit (10%). In the AIN93G reference material and in the oat bran no matrix\'s interference were observed . The total magnesium content found in the analyzed brands of mineral water ranged from 0,5 to 1,2 mgMg/100g. In spite the values above the expected ones, the water doesn\'t contribute with the dietary consumption of magnesium above 7% of EAR, considering the ingestion of 2 liter/d of water. Among the foods submitted to cooking process, okra, spinach, cassava and bean had significant differences (p <0,05) among raw and processed forms. The corn flour, oat bran, whole-meal bread and chocolate powder\'s brands analyzed are different from the expected values, probably due to the different origin of the foods found in the used composition tables.
Mazzo, Hortencia Campos. "Suplementação de glicerina na dieta de equinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-03082018-153431/.
Full textGlycerin in food can be considered a good source of energy. Thus, its use as a substitute part of grains and other starchy foods is widely studied since these foods can cause metabolic and digestive changes when in high consumption. The objective of this study was to compare levels of glycerin addition in the equine diet. Eight male, castrated Mini-Horse male ponies, aged approximately 9 years ± 6 months, mean body weight of 149.80 ± 17.20 kg and mean body score of 5.4 ± 0.7 were used. The animals were housed in individual stalls. Individual daily consumption of 1.75% of body weight (CP) was used, with 1% CP in dry matter (DM) from bulky and 0.75% CP in DM from concentrate, with a ratio of 60:40 voluminous: concentrate). The experimental design used was the contemporary 4 x 4 double Latin square. The diets differed in the glycerin inclusion levels (0, 4, 8 and 12%) that were calculated in relation to the percentage of concentrate supplied per animal. The evaluations were performed in four periods, 14 days of adaptation to the diet, 5 days of total collection of feces (TCF) and 2 weeks of interval between periods. The total apparent digestibility of nutrients and fermentability of glycerol from the TCF were evaluated through glycemic, insulinemic, short chain fatty acid, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and faecal pH analyzes. Safety and acceptability analyzes were also performed, which consisted of analyzes of liver and renal function, triglycerides, cholesterol and fractions, besides the evaluation of the animals\' feeding behavior. In addition to analysis of economic implications from the simulation of substitution of corn by crude glycerin. The data were submitted to analysis by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc., 2010). For the significant results, the Tukey test was used with P <0.05. There were no differences between treatments in any of the analyzes performed (P <0.05). Glycerin was palatable and acceptable. The substitution of corn for glycerin, even at 1%, represents economically 0.42% gain. The supplementation of crude glycerin in the equine diet presents itself as safe, without affecting the alimentary behavior, the hygiene and the digestive health of the animals, with economic justification for use.
Missio, Regis Luis. "NÍVEIS DE CONCENTRADO NA DIETA DE BOVINOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10857.
Full textO estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar o efeito do incremento de concentrado na dieta de bovinos de corte abatidos entre 14-16 meses de idade, através do desempenho, avaliação econômica, comportamento ingestivo e características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça e carne. Foram utilizados dezesseis bovinos mestiços Charolês-Nelore não castrados, alimentados em confinamento com 22, 40, 59 ou 79% de concentrado na dieta, distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições por tratamento. A idade e o peso médio inicial dos animais foram de 9,32 meses e 192,44 kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram abatidos quando atingiram aproximadamente 400 kg de peso vivo. A dieta fornecida aos animais foi isoproteica e o volumoso utilizado foi a silagem de milho. A idade final, o peso final, o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro, a conversão alimentar, a lucratividade mensal, o tempo destinado ao consumo de alimento e a ruminação, o número de mastigadas por bolo regurgitado, a eficiência de ruminação da fibra em detergente neutro e a maturidade fisiológica diminuíram com o aumento de concentrado na dieta. O consumo de matéria seca em percentagem do peso vivo e tamanho metabólico apresentaram comportamento quadrático, os quais aumentaram até 67% de concentrado na dieta. O consumo de energia digestível, o ganho de peso médio diário, o tempo destinado ao ócio, a eficiência na alimentação e ruminação da matéria seca, a percentagem de traseiro na carcaça, a coloração e textura da carne apresentaram aumentos lineares com o incremento do nível de concentrado na dieta. A terminação de bovinos inteiros entre 14-16 meses de idade e confinados com peso vivo médio de 192 kg é viável economicamente entre 26 e 61% de concentrado na dieta. O maior fornecimento de concentrado na dieta aumenta a eficiência alimentar, de ruminação de bovinos e melhora o aspecto visual da carne.
Jesus, Elmeson Ferreira de [UNESP]. "Óleo funcional na dieta de vacas leiteiras." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134246.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo funcional composto de ácido anacárdico, cardol e cardanol (óleo da castanha de cajú) e ácido ricinoleico (óleo de mamona) na dieta de vacas em lactação sobre consumo, digestibilidade aparente total da matéria seca e nutrientes, fermentação ruminal, produção e composição do leite, síntese de proteína microbiana, perfil metabólico, balanço de nitrogênio e energia. Foram utilizadas vinte e quatro vacas pluriparas da raça Holandês, das quais seis apresentavam cânula ruminal, com peso corporal médio de 618 ± 76 kg, 150,24 ± 91,43 dias em lactação e 29,1 ± 4,01 kg/dia de produção de leite no início do experimento. As vacas foram alocadas em oito Quadrados Latinos 3 x 3, balanceados e contemporâneos, alimentadas com os seguintes tratamentos: 1) controle (CON), composto por dieta basal sem inclusão de aditivos; 2) óleo funcional (OF), com adição de 500 mg/kg da MS (Essential® Oligo Basics) e 3) monensina sódica (MON) com adição de 22 mg/kg da MS. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes (kg/dia), coeficientes de digestibilidade e consumo em porcentagem do peso corporal. A inclusão de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica na dieta não alterou (P>0,05) o pH, as concentrações de amônia, acetato e butirato, e a relação acetato: propionato no rúmen. No entanto, as inclusões de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica aumentaram (P<0,05) a concentração de propionato ruminal e o tratamento óleo funcional aumentou (P<0,05) a concentração total de ácidos graxos de cadeia ramificada. As vacas alimentadas com óleo funcional ou monensina sódica apresentaram aumento (P<0,05) da produção de leite, mas a inclusão de monensina sódica reduziu (P<0,05) o teor de gordura do leite. A inclusão de óleo funcional reduziu (P<0,05) a concentração de ureia no sangue. A síntese de proteína microbiana e os balanços de energia e nitrogênio não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). A inclusão de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica nas dietas aumentaram a produção de leite e a concentração de propionato ruminal, sem alterar o consumo e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e nutrientes.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of functional oil composed of anacardic acid, cardol and cardanol (cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil) and ricinoleic acid (castor oil) in diets of dairy cows on intake, total apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, rumen fermentation, milk yield and composition, microbial protein synthesis, metabolic profile, and nitrogen and energy balance. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (six cannulated in the rumen), with an average body weight of 618 ± 76 kg, 150.24 ± 91.43 days in lactation and milk yield of 29.1 ± 4.01 kg/day in the beginning of the study were evaluated. Cows were allocated into eight 3 x 3 Latin squares, balanced and contemporary, and fed with the following treatments: 1) control (CON), composed of basal diet without inclusion of additives; 2) Functional oil (FO) with addition of 500 mg/kg DM (Essential® Oligo Basics) and 3) monensin (MON) with addition of 18 mg/kg DM. There was no effect (P>0.05) of treatments on dry matter and nutrients intake (kg/day), digestibility and intake as percentage of body weight. The inclusion of functional oil or monensin in the diet did not affect (P>0.05) pH, ammonia, acetate and butyrate concentrations and acetate: propionate ratio in the rumen. However, the inclusions of functional oil or monensin increased (P<0.05) the concentration of ruminal propionate. In addition, functional oil treatment increased (P<0.05) total concentration of branched chain fatty acids. The cows fed diets with oil or functional monensin increased (P<0.05) the milk yield of dairy cows, but cows fed diets with monensin had lower (P<0.05) milk fat content. The addition of functional oil in the diet also reduced (P<0.05) the concentration of blood urea. The microbial protein synthesis, and energy and nitrogen balances were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). Inclusion of functional oil or monensin in the diets increased milk yield and concentration of ruminal propionate without changing intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients.
Jesus, Elmeson Ferreira de. "Óleo funcional na dieta de vacas leiteiras /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134246.
Full textBanca: Arlindo Saran Netto
Banca: Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra
Banca: Rosemary Lais Galati
Banca: Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira
Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo funcional composto de ácido anacárdico, cardol e cardanol (óleo da castanha de cajú) e ácido ricinoleico (óleo de mamona) na dieta de vacas em lactação sobre consumo, digestibilidade aparente total da matéria seca e nutrientes, fermentação ruminal, produção e composição do leite, síntese de proteína microbiana, perfil metabólico, balanço de nitrogênio e energia. Foram utilizadas vinte e quatro vacas pluriparas da raça Holandês, das quais seis apresentavam cânula ruminal, com peso corporal médio de 618 ± 76 kg, 150,24 ± 91,43 dias em lactação e 29,1 ± 4,01 kg/dia de produção de leite no início do experimento. As vacas foram alocadas em oito Quadrados Latinos 3 x 3, balanceados e contemporâneos, alimentadas com os seguintes tratamentos: 1) controle (CON), composto por dieta basal sem inclusão de aditivos; 2) óleo funcional (OF), com adição de 500 mg/kg da MS (Essential® Oligo Basics) e 3) monensina sódica (MON) com adição de 22 mg/kg da MS. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes (kg/dia), coeficientes de digestibilidade e consumo em porcentagem do peso corporal. A inclusão de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica na dieta não alterou (P>0,05) o pH, as concentrações de amônia, acetato e butirato, e a relação acetato: propionato no rúmen. No entanto, as inclusões de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica aumentaram (P<0,05) a concentração de propionato ruminal e o tratamento óleo funcional aumentou (P<0,05) a concentração total de ácidos graxos de cadeia ramificada. As vacas alimentadas com óleo funcional ou monensina sódica apresentaram aumento (P<0,05) da produção de leite, mas a inclusão de monensina sódica reduziu (P<0,05) o teor de gordura do leite. A inclusão de óleo funcional reduziu (P<0,05) a concentração de...
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of functional oil composed of anacardic acid, cardol and cardanol (cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil) and ricinoleic acid (castor oil) in diets of dairy cows on intake, total apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, rumen fermentation, milk yield and composition, microbial protein synthesis, metabolic profile, and nitrogen and energy balance. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (six cannulated in the rumen), with an average body weight of 618 ± 76 kg, 150.24 ± 91.43 days in lactation and milk yield of 29.1 ± 4.01 kg/day in the beginning of the study were evaluated. Cows were allocated into eight 3 x 3 Latin squares, balanced and contemporary, and fed with the following treatments: 1) control (CON), composed of basal diet without inclusion of additives; 2) Functional oil (FO) with addition of 500 mg/kg DM (Essential® Oligo Basics) and 3) monensin (MON) with addition of 18 mg/kg DM. There was no effect (P>0.05) of treatments on dry matter and nutrients intake (kg/day), digestibility and intake as percentage of body weight. The inclusion of functional oil or monensin in the diet did not affect (P>0.05) pH, ammonia, acetate and butyrate concentrations and acetate: propionate ratio in the rumen. However, the inclusions of functional oil or monensin increased (P<0.05) the concentration of ruminal propionate. In addition, functional oil treatment increased (P<0.05) total concentration of branched chain fatty acids. The cows fed diets with oil or functional monensin increased (P<0.05) the milk yield of dairy cows, but cows fed diets with monensin had lower (P<0.05) milk fat content. The addition of functional oil in the diet also reduced (P<0.05) the concentration of blood urea. The microbial protein synthesis, and energy and nitrogen balances were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). Inclusion of functional oil or ...
Doutor
Araújo, Maria Leonor Garcia Melo Lopes de. "TORTA DE AMENDOIM EM DIETA PARA CORDEIROS." Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19722.
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FUNDACAO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DA BAHIA (FAPESB)
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de amendoim na dieta de cordeiros por intermédio do consumo, desempenho, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio e avaliação econômica. Utilizou-se quarenta e cinco cordeiros mestiços Dorper x Santa Inês, não-castrados, com peso corporal médio inicial de 24,49 ± 5,27 kg, entre quatro e seis meses de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e nove repetições. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias, e os cordeiros foram alimentados com feno de Tifton-85 e concentrado composto de grão de milho moído, farelo de soja, premix mineral e torta de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja nos níveis 0,0; 25,0; 50,0; 75,0 e 100% de substituição. Durante o período experimental foram quantificadas e coletadas amostras dos alimentos, sobras e fezes dos animais, para avaliação do consumo e digestibilidade. Para avaliação do balanço de nitrogênio foi feita coleta de urina spot. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística de variância e regressão. Apesar do consumo de extrato etéreo não ter sido afetado pelas dietas, os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, carboidratos não-fibrosos e nutrientes digestíveis totais apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente à medida que o farelo de soja foi substituído pela torta de amendoim. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes não foram influenciados pelos níveis de torta de amendoim nas dietas, com exceção da digestibilidade da proteína bruta em que foi verificado efeito linear crescente. Houve efeito para os ganhos de peso médio diário e total, verificando-se diminuição. A conversão alimentar apresentou efeito linear crescente em função dos níveis de torta de amendoim. Embora a quantidade de nitrogênio ingerido tenha sido afetada pelo consumo de proteína bruta, a excreção urinária e fecal de nitrogênio não foi influenciada pela substituição da fonte proteica. A quantidade de nitrogênio retido e ingerido foi afetada negativamente pelos níveis de torta. A torta de amendoim utilizada em substituição ao farelo de soja no concentrado diminui o desempenho produtivo de cordeiros, porém reduz os custos com alimentação na criação de cordeiros.
This study was conducted to assess the effect of replacing soybean meal by groundnut cake in the diet of lambs by feed intake, performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance and economic evaluation. There were used forty five crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs, non-castrated, with initial body weight of 24.49 ± 5,27 kg, between four and six months, allocated in a completely randomized design with five treatments and nine replicates. The experiment lasted 84 dias and the lambs were fed with Tifton-85 hay and concentrated mix with ground corn, soybean meal, mineral premix and groundnut cake in 0,0; 25,0; 50,0; 75,0 and 100% in replacement of soybean meal. During the experimental period samples of food, orts and feces of the animals were quantified and collected to evaluate the intake and digestibility. The nitrogen balance was assessed with spot urine sample. Data were subjected to statistical analysis of variance and regression. Although the ether extract intake has not shown a significant effect in terms of levels of groundnut cake in the experimental diets, the dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, total carbohydrate, total digestible nutrient intake showed linear decrease behavior as the soybean meal was replaced by groundnut cake. The apparent digestibilities coefficients of nutrients were not influenced by the levels of groundnut cake in the diets, except the crude protein digestibility which increases linearly. There were observed effects for average daily weight gain and total gain of the lambs, verifying decrease. The feed conversion increased linearly as a function of the levels of groundnut cake. Although the amount of nitrogen intake has been affected by the crude protein intake, the urinary and fecal excretion of nitrogen were not influenced by the substitution of the protein source. The amount of nitrogen retained and ingested were negatively affected by the levels of the cake. The groundnut cake used to replace soybean meal in the concentrate decreases the productive performance of lambs, but decreases feed costs.
Romanelli, Joao Paulo Roquim. "Crescimento de tumores não-necróticos sob dieta." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/EABA-6TCQ5R.
Full textBoschini, Carolina. "Antioxidantes na dieta de frangos de corte." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2632.
Full textThis study aimed to investigate the effects of a product containing a combination of antioxidants (CA) and different levels of vitamin E on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broilers. A total of 840 Cobb male broilers were fed experimental diets from 1 to 35 days. A completely randomized experimental design was used. Dietary treatments consisted of T1- 200ppm CA, T2- 200ppm CA + Vitamin E (20 ppm), T3- 200ppm CA + Vitamin E (40ppm), T4- 200ppm CA + vitamin E (60ppm), T5- 200ppm CA + vitamin E (80ppm), T6- vitamin E (80ppm). A basal corn-soybean meal diet was formulated according to requirements established by Cobb. Performance was not affected by dietary treatments. Carcass yield and cut-ups were not signifi-cantly influenced, but a numerical improvement of breast and thigh was observed in birds fed T3. Meat colorimetry was significantly affected, finding the best results to L* (T5), a* (T1 and T5) and b* (T6), but results did not differ from T2, T3, T4 and T5. A lowest TBARs index was observed in birds fed T5, indicating lower meat lipidic pe-roxidation. These results indicate that the CA with any level of vitamin E did not change the broiler performance and efficiency factor. The CA improved carcass yield and cut-ups, color and decreases meat lipid peroxidation.
Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de um produto com uma combinação de antioxidantes (CA) e diferentes níveis de vitamina E no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de frangos de corte. Um total de 840 frangos de corte Cobb machos foram alimentados com dietas experimentais de 1 a 35 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o completamente casualizado. As dietas experimentais consistiram de T1- CA-200ppm, T2-200ppm CA + Vitamina E (20 ppm), T3-200ppm CA + Vitamina E (40ppm), T4-200ppm CA + vitamina E (60ppm), T5-200ppm CA vitamina E + (80ppm) E e T6-vitamina E (80ppm). A dieta base de milho e soja foi formulada de acordo com os requisitos estabelecidos pela Cobb. O desempenho não foi afetado pelos tratamentos. O rendimento de carcaça e corte não foram significativamente influenciados, mas uma melhora numérica do peito e coxa foi observada nas aves alimentadas com T3. Colorimetria da carne foi afetada significativamente, encontrando melhores resultados de L * para o T5, a * (T1 e T5) e b * (T6) não diferindo de T2, T3, T4 e T5. Um menor índice de TBARS foi observado nas aves alimentadas T5, indicando menor peroxidação lipídica na carne. Estes resultados indicam que a CA com qualquer nível de vitamina E não alterou o desempenho de frangos de corte. A CA melhorou o rendimento de carcaça e corte, cor e diminuiu a peroxidação lipídica da carne.
CARVALHO, R. B. "Microminerais Orgânicos na Dieta de Codornas Japonesas." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7746.
Full textOs minerais são considerados elementos essenciais para uma boa nutrição animal, nas rações de aves, a forma comumente utilizada é a inorgânica. Normalmente são fornecidos valores superiores à exigência, para atender aos animais, resultando em um excesso de seu uso. Uma alternativa é o uso de microminerais orgânicos, pois estes apresentam uma maior biodisponibilidade. Assim, visando diminuir esse problema e otimizar o desempenho dos animais, objetiva-se, por meio desta pesquisa avaliar desempenho produtivo de codornas japonesas por meio da suplementação parcial e total de microminerais orgânicos, bem como a redução de microminerais para codornas japonesas em postura. Serão realizados dois experimentos simultaneamente, o ensaio 1, com uma pré-mistura mineral, contendo complexo micromineral orgânico (cobre, iodo, ferro, manganês, selênio e zinco) e formulada com níveis acima, abaixo e igual aos recomendados pelo NRC (1994), substituindo totalmente os microminerais inorgânicos. Já o Ensaio 2 consiste na substituição parcial da pré-mistura mineral por complexo micromineral orgânico. Em ambos os ensaios serão realizadas10 repetições, com 8 aves por unidade experimental (UE), resultando em 480 aves por ensaio (60 UE x 8 = 480 ). Assim, serão utilizadas 960 codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica ) fêmeas com idade inicial de 45 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados serão peso médio de ovos (g), taxa de postura (%), massa de ovo (g ovo/ ave/ dia), conversão alimentar (g/g e kg/ dúzia), consumo de ração (g/ ave/ dia), peso absoluto e relativo de gema, albúmen e casca.
Faria, Ivo Frederico Barbedo da Costa. "Dieta mediterrânica, estabilidade genómica e variação genética." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5994.
Full textA dieta Mediterrânica é um dos padrões alimentares mais saudáveis do mundo. Pelo facto de ser uma dieta muito rica em nutrientes essenciais e substâncias com atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória, ela tem sido implicada na manutenção da estabilidade genómica, incluindo o DNA telomérico. A disfunção telomérica tem sido associada à senescência celular, apoptose e cancro. Por isso, a investigação da interação dieta-telómero é relevante para uma melhor compreensão do papel da nutrição na prevenção de doenças crónicas caracterizadas por envelhecimento precoce e instabilidade genómica/disfunção telomérica. Este trabalho de revisão bibliográfica descreve os principais avanços científicos e tecnológicos que estiveram na génese da genómica nutricional. Adicionalmente, ele analisa o papel da dieta Mediterrânica para a manutenção da estabilidade genómica e integridade telomérica, bem como o impacto de variações genéticas humanas específicas na relação nutriente-genoma, especialmente a nível do DNA telomérico. Tratando-se de uma área emergente da genómica nutricional, a continuidade da investigação será fundamental para possibilitar, no futuro, a integração do conhecimento técnico-científico na prática clínica e aconselhamento nutricional.
The Mediterranean diet is one of the healthiest food standards of the world. Because of the abundance in essential nutrients and substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, it has been implicated in the maintenance of genomic stability, including telomeric DNA. Telomeric dysfunction has been associated with cell senescence, apoptosis and cancer. Therefore, the research on diet-telomere interaction is relevant for a better understanding of the role of nutrition in the prevention of chronic diseases characterised by premature aging and genomic instability/telomeric dysfunction. In the present work, major technological and scientific advances that led to the development of the Nutritional Genomics field are reviewed. Additionally, the role of the Mediterranean diet on genomic stability/telomere integrity and the modulation of nutrient-genome (mainly telomeric DNA) by specific human genetic variations are analysed. As this is an emergent area of nutritional genomics, ongoing research is crucial to enable, in the future, the integration of technical and scientific knowledge into clinical practice and nutritional counselling.
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Ruiz, Rueda Cristian. "Microbial lipases with interest in biotechnology and infectious diseases: isolation, characterization and inhibition by natural substances." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2401.
Full textThe first chapter was focused on the isolation and characterization of new Bacillus lipases to evaluate their biotechnological potential. The lipolytic system of several very active strains with an unknown lipolytic system was analyzed, and then, the lipases LipA from Bacillus megaterium CECT 370 and LipA from Bacillus sp. BP-6 were isolated, cloned and characterized. Both enzymes are family I.4 carboxylesterases closely related to Bacillus subtilis LipB, and have a high biotechnological potential due to their high stability and due to their molecular and biochemical properties.
Chapter 2 consisted in the isolation of 724 microorganisms from soil samples collected from a subtropical forest of Puerto Iguazú (Argentina). Among them, 449 showed one or more of the biotechnologically-interesting enzymatic activities "true lipase", carboxylesterase, cellulase, xylanase and pectinase. CR-53 and CR-179, two very active isolates, were subsequently identified as two strains closely related to the species Rhodococcus erythropolis and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Further analysis revealed that strain CR-53 produces a cell-bound carboxylesterase of 60 kDa, one of the first lipases known in the genus Rhodococcus, whereas strain CR-179 possesses a lipolytic system related to that of other Bacillus.
Chapter 3 was focused in the development of a new, fast, simple and more sensitive colorimetric microassay with a low cost and suitable for high-throughput analysis of purified or non-purified lipolytic enzymes. The assay was subsequently used to evaluate the effect of several saturated fatty acids on five cell-bound or secreted (Paeni)Bacillus lipases. These lipids inhibited all the enzymes analyzed, although secreted lipases were activated by low concentrations of these compounds. Activation of microbial lipases by fatty acids is a phenomenon detected here for the first time, and could be related to the properties and biological function of these secreted enzymes.
Chapter 4 consisted in the analysis of the inhibitory effect of several natural substances (saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids) on the model lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) to evaluate their potential as antilipase drugs. beta-aescin, digitonin, kaempferol and (±)-catechin were selected as the best candidates for the treatment or prevention of lipase-related diseases due to the strong inhibition they produced on CRL, as well as due to their other beneficial effects and their low toxicity.
The aim of chapter 5 was to isolate, clone, characterize and evaluate the inhibition of lipases from the pathogens Propionibacterium acnes and Helicobacter pylori. The analysis of GehA from Propionibacterium acnes P-37, a lipase considered as a major etiological agent in the pathogenesis of acne, revealed that this enzyme is very adapted to the skin conditions. EstV (HP0739), a family V carboxylesterase which was identified by analyzing Helicobacter pylori 26695 proteome, is the first lipase from this pathogen that has been cloned, purified and characterized. The evaluation of the effect of several natural substances on GehA and EstV revealed that beta-aescin, glycyrrhizic acid, (±)-catechin and kaempferol are promising candidates for the treatment of acne and/or ulcer due to their strong inhibitory activity on these lipases, as well as due to their other anctiacne or antiulcer effects and their low toxicity.
Maria, Vendiciano Barbosa Vasconcelos Marcia. "Prevalência de cárie entre dieta experimental e dieta Padrão com e sem utilização de água fluoretada,estudo em ratos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2002. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9060.
Full textA cárie dentária é uma doença infecciosa de caráter multifatorial e causadora de um dos maiores problemas de saúde bucal. O processo carioso resulta da complexidade das interações bactéria-dieta-hospedeiro, e a sacarose desempenha papel fundamental no surgimento das lesões cariosas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a prevalência de cárie entre uma dieta experimental e uma dieta padrão, na presença ou ausência de água com flúor. Foram utilizados 48 ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar), com 23 dias de idade, os quais receberam, durante 60 dias, as dietas citadas anteriormente e água ad libitum. Os resultados demonstraram a característica multifatorial do processo cárie, tendo em vista que todos os grupos de animais os quais consumiram as dietas experimental e padrão apresentaram cárie. Houve evidência estatística de que o tratamento utilizando água com flúor, na dieta caseína, foi mais eficaz do que na dieta balanceada, bem como em relação à profundidade da cárie no tecido dentinário. Pode-se concluir que a prevalência de cárie dentária está relacionado com a caracterização de dietas
Neves, Christian André Fernandes. "Methylglyoxal-induced glycation changes liver lipid content in high-fat diet-fed rats, causing glucose and lipid systemic dysmetabolism." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14597.
Full textFatty liver disease is simultaneously a cause and a consequence of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic lipid metabolism is altered in obese patients, causing insulin resistance. More, inhibition of insulin signaling may also affect hepatic lipid metabolism, causing a feedback that may lead to hepatic steatosis, common in such patients. In this work, we intended to assess the role of glycation (methylglyoxal-induced) in the hepatic lipid metabolism of high-fat diet-fed rats, using lipidomic approaches and magnetic resonance imaging, which identify hepatic lipid species, including phospholipids (PL), triglycerids (TG), diacylglycerols (DAG) and fatty acids (FA). Wistar rats were maintained during 4 months with methylglyoxal (MG) supplementation (100mg/Kg/day) (MG group), a high-fat diet rich in TG (HFD group) or both (HFDMG group) and compared with controls feeding a standard diet (n=6/ group). Lipidomic approaches, namely liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to determine liver composition in PL, TG and FA. Non-invasive 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (9 Tesla) of liver tissues in vivo was used to determine lipid species, such as TG and DAG. The total and phosphorylated levels of the mediators of the insulin receptor pathway and lipid oxidation were determined by western blotting. High-fat diet-fed (HFD) rats showed increased body weight in relation to controls, but this effect was partially inhibited by MG supplementation (HFDMG group). Moreover, HFDMG group showed increased plasma free fatty acid levels, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In liver, lipidomic techniques and 1H NMR showed increased fat mass in the liver of HFD and HFDMG rats. HFD rats, but not HFDMG, showed increased total levels of the 18:1 fatty acid (common in high-fat diets). Despite no differences were observed for HFD group, HFDMG rats showed decreased fraction of unsaturated lipids and increased fraction of saturated lipids. This difference was obtained due to a decrease in monounsaturated FA. Regarding lipid esterification, HFDMG group showed lower percentage of esterified glycerol carbons, suggesting an increased concentration of DAG in relation to TG. In accordance, this group showed higher fatty acids/glycerol ratio, suggesting increased liver non-esterified fatty acid levels. Western Blotting analyses showed decreased activation of insulin pathway, especially HFDMG group, as well as decreased activation of the insulin receptor in HFDMG group. Data suggest that glycation changes lipid metabolism in a context of hyperlipidemia, possibly contributing to hepatic lipotoxicity and to accelerate progression of insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.
O fígado gordo é simultaneamente uma causa e consequência da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O metabolismo lipidico-hepático (MLH) encontra-se alterado em obesos, causando insulino-resistência. A diminuição da sinalização da via da insulina pode igualmente afetar o MLH, estimulando o desenvolvimento de esteatose hepática, comum nos doentes. Neste trabalho, pretende-se analisar o papel da glicação (induzida por metilglioxal) no MLH em ratos com dieta gorda, através de técnicas de lipidómica e ressonância magnética, para identificar as espécies lipídicas hepáticas, tais como fosfolípidos (FL), triglicéridos (TG), diacilgliceróis (DAG) e ácidos gordos (AG). O modelo animal usado foi o rato Wistar, mantido nos últimos 4 meses, antes de completar 1 ano de idade, com metilglioxal (100mg/Kg/dia) (grupo MG), com dieta gorda rica em TG (grupo HFD) ou com ambas (grupo HFDMG) e comparados com os controlos com dieta normal (n=12/grupo). As técnicas de lipidómica usadas foram cromatografia líquida com espetrometria de massa e cromatografia gasosa para determinar a composição hepática de PL, TG e AG. Usou-se também espectroscopia (9 Tesla), não invasiva, de ressonância magnética nuclear 1H (NMR) nos ratos vivos para determinar os TG e DAG hepáticos. Os mediadores proteicos totais e fosforilados da via da insulina e da oxidação lipídica no fígado também foram analisados por western blot. Os ratos, com dieta gorda (HFD), aumentaram o peso corporal, mas o efeito foi parcialmente inibido pelo metilglioxal (HFDMG). Além disso, o grupo HFDMG apresenta um aumento dos ácidos gordos livres no plasma, hiperinsulinemia, insulino-resistência e intolerância à glicose. No fígado, as técnicas de lipidómica e NMR mostraram um aumento da massa gorda no fígado nos grupos HFD e HFDMG, mas apenas no grupo HFD se verifica o aumento do AG 18:1 (comum na dieta). Apesar de não haver diferença significativa no grupo HFD, o grupo HFDMG apresenta uma diminuição dos AG insaturados e aumento dos saturados; isto deve-se à diminuição dos monoinsaturados neste grupo. Quanto à esterificação dos glicerolípidos, o grupo HFDMG apresenta uma menor percentagem da total esterificação dos gliceróis, sugerindo o aumento dos DAG, em relação aos TG. Também, este grupo apresenta um ratio AG/glicerol aumentado, ou seja, com aumento de AG não esterificados. A análise por western blot mostrou uma diminuição da via do receptor da insulina especialmente no grupo HFDMG. Em suma, estes resultados sugerem que a glicação causa alterações do metabolismo lipidico-hepático num contexto de hiperlipidemia, contribuindo possivelmente para a lipotoxicidade hepática, progressão acelerada de insulino-resistência e patologia do fígado gordo.
Velásquez, Acosta Pablo Máximo. "Luz ambiental y peroxidación de emulsiones lipídicas parenterales. Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal – INMP." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7161.
Full textTesis
Maia, Juliana Elert. "Comparação da qualidade microbiológica e composição nutricional da dieta padrão com dieta para neutropênicos em uma unidade de oncologia pediátrica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158242.
Full textIntroduction: The neutropenic diet was developed to prevent food-related infections in patients with impaired immunity caused by oncologic treatment. It is based on the hypothetical theory that some foods carry greater microbe content that would be potentially harmful for neutropenic subjects. The diet restrictions can lead to several nutrient deficiencies. Objective: the present study aimed to analyze and compare the microbiological profile and nutritional content of the regular and neutropenic diets offered to pediatric patients at a Hospital at Porto Alegre, RS. Methods: microbiological analyses of food samples from the general hospital diet (n=18) and neutropenic diet (n=18) served to pediatric patients were performed. It was investigated the contamination by E. coli, Salmonella sp., Bacillus cereus and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. Nutritional content of the diets offered to the patients during a 6 day period were calculated to assess nutritional quality. For the neutropenic diet it was considered 2 versions: one that allowed fruits that can be peeled and one strict, with no raw foods. Data was described as mean, standard deviation and frequency. Fisher's exact test was applied for comparison between independent dichotomized categorical variables. Nutritional content comparison between the diets was assessed applying Student’s t test for independent samples. The odds ratio was calculated for microbiological contamination between diets with 95% confidence interval. Results: for the microbiologic content 36 food samples were analyzed, 5 (13,89%) presented microbiologic contamination above recommended limits, 4 by Bacillus cereus and 1 by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. Contamination by Salmonella sp e E. Coli were absent in all samples. Regarding the microbiologic contamination, 3 food samples were from the neutropenic diet and 2 from the general hospital diet, with no statistical differences between the diets (p=1.00). The odds ratio for microbiological contamination between the diets did not presented differences (OR=0,62; 95%CI=0,05 – 6,35; p=0,63). The strict neutropenic diet had lower content of vitamin C (p=0,01) and fiber (p=0,05) when compared to general hospital diet. Conclusion: the general hospital diet was similar in terms of microbiological content and with greater nutritional content when compared to the neutropenic diet produced in the hospital where the study was conducted.
Oliveira, Hugo Manuel Pedrosa de. "Efeitos de uma dieta hiperproteica a nível renal." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/837.
Full textAlthough existing for a number of years, the popularity of high-protein diets has become increasily higher due to the epidemic proportions obesity has reached worldwide. Even with their widespread use, valid concerns still exist regarding their effects on kidney health. The use of a high-protein diet has been linked with glomerular hyperfiltration and hyperemia, accelerated decline in chronic kidney disease, increased proteinuria, diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis with associated blood pressure changes, increased risk for nephrolithiasis, and various metabolic alterations. Limitations regarding studies in these fields include lack of a universally accepted definition for high-protein diets, the lack of long-term human studies, which forces one to rely on short-term circumstancial studies, and the lack of studies regarding the effects of high-protein diets on obese individuals. Furthermore, it is likely the short-term impact of high-protein diets on renal function differ from that of chronic consumption. The theoretical risks of this type of diet must be discussed with whom is going to start said diet, even though there are no clear renal-related contraindications in individuals with healthy kidney function. On the other hand, high-protein diets may seriously damage the kidney of a chronic kidney disease patient and should be avoided if possible. Thus, and since chronic kidney disease is a silent disease, all individuals, before initiating such a diet, should undergo screening serum creatinine measurement and urinary dipstick test for proteinuria.