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Journal articles on the topic 'Lipidy stratum corneum'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Vávrová, K., A. Kováčik, and L. Opálka. "Ceramides in the skin barrier." European Pharmaceutical Journal 64, no. 2 (2017): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afpuc-2017-0004.

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AbstractThe skin barrier, which is essential for human survival on dry land, is located in the uppermost skin layer, the stratum corneum. The stratum corneum consists of corneocytes surrounded by multilamellar lipid membranes that prevent excessive water loss from the body and entrance of undesired substances from the environment. To ensure this protective function, the composition and organization of the lipid membranes is highly specialized. The major skin barrier lipids are ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol in an approximately equimolar ratio. With hundreds of molecular species of cera

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2

Inman, A. O., T. Olivry, S. M. Dunston, N. A. Monteiro-Riviere, and H. Gatto. "Electron Microscopic Observations of Stratum Corneum Intercellular Lipids in Normal and Atopic Dogs." Veterinary Pathology 38, no. 6 (2001): 720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.38-6-720.

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The barrier function of mammalian skin is maintained by intercellular stratum corneum lipids. In human patients with atopic dermatitis, an abnormal lipid barrier results in dry skin and increased transepidermal water loss. At this time, it is not known if a defective lipid barrier is present in atopic dogs. Normal and atopic canine skin were postfixed in ruthenium tetroxide and studied using transmission electron microscopy to determine structural differences within stratum corneum lipids. Intercellular lipid lamellae were graded on a semiquantitative scale. The deposition of stratum corneum l

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3

Das, Chinmay, and Peter D. Olmsted. "The physics of stratum corneum lipid membranes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2072 (2016): 20150126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0126.

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The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of skin, comprises rigid corneocytes (keratin-filled dead cells) in a specialized lipid matrix. The continuous lipid matrix provides the main barrier against uncontrolled water loss and invasion of external pathogens. Unlike all other biological lipid membranes (such as intracellular organelles and plasma membranes), molecules in the SC lipid matrix show small hydrophilic groups and large variability in the length of the alkyl tails and in the numbers and positions of groups that are capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Molecular simulations provide

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4

Lafleur, Michel. "Phase behaviour of model stratum corneum lipid mixtures: an infrared spectroscopy investigation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 11 (1998): 1501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-114.

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The stratum corneum, the top layer of the epidermis, is the material that constitutes the membrane enveloping our body. The lipids that are present are responsible for the permeability properties of the skin and, as a consequence, are essential to maintain the hydration of the internal components and to protect our body from external agents. In the present work, the mixing and the structural properties of model mixtures formed by the main lipids of the stratum corneum have been examined by infrared spectroscopy. The model is formed by an equimolar mixture of ceramides (type III), cholesterol,

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5

Schürer, N. Y., G. Plewig, and P. M. Elias. "Stratum corneum Lipid Function." Dermatology 183, no. 2 (1991): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000247644.

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6

Wertz, Philip W. "Roles of Lipids in the Permeability Barriers of Skin and Oral Mucosa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (2021): 5229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105229.

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PubMed searches reveal much literature regarding lipids in barrier function of skin and less literature on lipids in barrier function of the oral mucosa. In terrestrial mammals, birds, and reptiles, the skin’s permeability barrier is provided by ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol in the outermost layers of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. This layer consists of about 10–20 layers of cornified cells embedded in a lipid matrix. It effectively prevents loss of water and electrolytes from the underlying tissue, and it limits the penetration of potentially harmful substances from the enviro

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7

Jonca, Nathalie. "Ceramides metabolism and impaired epidermal barrier in cutaneous diseases and skin aging: focus on the role of the enzyme PNPLA1 in the synthesis of ω-O-acylceramides and its pathophysiological involvement in some forms of congenital ichthyoses". OCL 26 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2019013.

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The outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, is essential for the protective barrier functions of the skin. It results from the stacking of corneocytes, the dead flattened cells resulting from epidermal terminal differentiation of underlying living keratinocytes. The cornified lipid envelope, encapsulating corneocytes, and the extracellular mortar-like multilayered lipid matrix, called lamellae, are two crucial elements of the epidermal barrier. Stratum corneum extracellular lipids are mainly composed of ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids. Ceramides, and more specifically the

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8

Sahle, Fitsum F., Tsige Gebre-Mariam, Bodo Dobner, Johannes Wohlrab, and Reinhard H. H. Neubert. "Skin Diseases Associated with the Depletion of Stratum Corneum Lipids and Stratum Corneum Lipid Substitution Therapy." Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 28, no. 1 (2015): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000360009.

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9

Wertz, Philip W. "Lipids and the Permeability and Antimicrobial Barriers of the Skin." Journal of Lipids 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5954034.

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The primary purpose of the epidermis of terrestrial vertebrates is to produce the stratum corneum, which serves as the interface between the organism and the environment. As such, the stratum corneum provides a permeability barrier which both limits water loss through the skin and provides a relatively tough permeability barrier. This provides for a degree of resistance to mechanical trauma and prevents or limits penetration of potentially harmful substances from the environment. The stratum corneum consists of an array of keratinized cells embedded in a lipid matrix. It is this intercellular

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10

Becker, S. M., and A. V. Kuznetsov. "Local Temperature Rises Influence In Vivo Electroporation Pore Development: A Numerical Stratum Corneum Lipid Phase Transition Model." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, no. 5 (2007): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2768380.

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Electroporation is an approach used to enhance transdermal transport of large molecules in which the skin is exposed to a series of electric pulses. Electroporation temporarily destabilizes the structure of the outer skin layer, the stratum corneum, by creating microscopic pores through which agents, ordinarily unable to pass into the skin, are able to pass through this outer barrier. Long duration electroporation pulses can cause localized temperature rises, which result in thermotropic phase transitions within the lipid bilayer matrix of the stratum corneum. This paper focuses on electropora

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11

Muñoz-Garcia, Agustí, and Joseph B. Williams. "Cutaneous Water Loss and Lipids of the Stratum Corneum in Dusky Antbirds, a Lowland Tropical Bird." Condor 109, no. 1 (2007): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/109.1.59.

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Abstract Abstract The stratum corneum, the outer layer of the epidermis, consists of flattened cells embedded in a matrix of lipids, primarily cholesterol, free fatty acids, ceramides, and cerebrosides. The stratum corneum forms a barrier to water vapor diffusion through the skin. In birds, the skin limits excessive water loss at thermoneutral temperatures, but also serves as a vehicle for thermoregulation during episodes of heat stress. We measured total evaporative water loss, cutaneous water loss, and lipids in the stratum corneum in Dusky Antbirds (Cercomacra tyrannina), the first such mea

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12

Wertz, Philip W. "Stratum corneum Lipids and Water." Exogenous Dermatology 3, no. 2 (2004): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000086155.

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13

Ongpipattanakul, Boonsri, Michael L. Francoeur, and Russell O. Potts. "Polymorphism in stratum corneum lipids." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1190, no. 1 (1994): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(94)90040-x.

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14

Lymberopoulos, A., C. Demopoulou, M. Kyriazi, et al. "Liposome percutaneous penetration in vivo." Toxicology Research and Application 1 (January 1, 2017): 239784731772319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397847317723196.

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Objectives: Liposomes are reported as penetration enhancers for dermal and transdermal delivery. However, little is known about their percutaneous penetration and as to at which level they deliver encapsulated drugs. The penetration of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) and small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), in comparison to one of their lipid components, was investigated. Methods: Using the fluorescent lipid, Lissamine Rhodamine B-PE (R), as a constituent, MLV and SUV liposomes were prepared, tested, and R, MLV, or SUV were applied in vivo on the back of hairless mice. Absorption of each was evalu

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15

Sigg, Melanie, and Rolf Daniels. "Impact of Alkanediols on Stratum Corneum Lipids and Triamcinolone Acetonide Skin Penetration." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 9 (2021): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091451.

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Alkanediols are widely used as multifunctional ingredients in dermal formulations. In addition to their preservative effect, considering their possible impact on drug penetration is also essential for their use. In the present study, the influence of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-octanediol on the skin penetration of triamcinolone acetonide from four different semisolid formulations was investigated. Furthermore, confocal Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed to examine the influence of the alkanediols on stratum corneum lipid content and order. Alk

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16

Ibrahim, Sarah A., and S. Kevin Li. "Chemical enhancer solubility in human stratum corneum lipids and enhancer mechanism of action on stratum corneum lipid domain." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 383, no. 1-2 (2010): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.014.

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17

Zhang, Wen-Jun, Jiao-Ying Wang, Hui Li, et al. "Novel Application of Natural Anisole Compounds as Enhancers for Transdermal Delivery of Ligustrazine." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 43, no. 06 (2015): 1231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x15500706.

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To improve the transdermal delivery of ligustrazine, Foeniculum vulgare food origin anisole compounds were employed as promoters. Transdermal fluxes of ligustrazine were determined by Franz-type diffusion cells. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra were used to detect the biophysical changes of the stratum corneum and to explore the mechanism of permeation enhancement. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to monitor the morphological changes of the skin. Among the three anisoles, anisic acid increased the penetration flux of ligustrazine significantly. The ligustrazine flux with

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18

Saint-Léger, D., A. M. François, J. L. Lévêque, T. J. Stoudemayer, A. M. Kligman, and G. Grove. "Stratum corneum Lipids in Skin Xerosis." Dermatology 178, no. 3 (1989): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000248415.

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19

Svane-Knudsen, Viggo. "Stratum Corneum Barrier Lipids in Cholesteatoma." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 120, no. 543 (2000): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000164800454224.

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20

Friberg, Stig E., Lisa Goldsmith, Hamdan Suhaimi, and Linda D. Rhein. "Surfactants and the stratum corneum lipids." Colloids and Surfaces 30, no. 1 (1987): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(87)80200-7.

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21

Sugino, Kiyoko, Genii Imokawa, and Howard I. Maibach. "Ethnic difference of varied stratum corneum function in relation to stratum corneum lipids." Journal of Dermatological Science 6, no. 1 (1993): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-1811(93)91343-s.

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22

Bouwstra, J. A., G. S. Gooris, W. Bras, and D. T. Downing. "Lipid organization in pig stratum corneum." Journal of Lipid Research 36, no. 4 (1995): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40054-9.

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23

Sarifuddin, Nurhidayah, Widji Soerarti, and Noorma Rosita. "Preparation and Characteristics of NLC Coenzym Q10 with A Combination of Hyaluronic Acid." Health Notions 3, no. 1 (2019): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/hn.v3i1.250.

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Coenzyme Q10, often also known as ubiquinone, coenzyme Q10 or Q10, is soluble in lipids and is naturally present in plants, animals and in mitochondria. Coenzyme Q10 functions as an antioxidant that can protect the body from damage caused by free radicals. Hyaluronic acid is known as a hydrophilic polymer derived from polysaccharides which has the ability to increase percutaneous penetration by changing the composition of tightly arranged stratum corneum cells to increase the permeability of the skin. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier is a modification of the SLN system, consisting of a mixture of

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24

Mojumdar, E. H., G. S. Gooris, and J. A. Bouwstra. "Phase behavior of skin lipid mixtures: the effect of cholesterol on lipid organization." Soft Matter 11, no. 21 (2015): 4326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm02786h.

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25

Blume, Alfred, Michael Jansen, Miklos Ghyczy, and J. Gareiss. "Interaction of phospholipid liposomes with lipid model mixtures for stratum corneum lipids." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 99, no. 2-3 (1993): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(93)90364-l.

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26

Tsai, Jui-Chen, Yu-Li Lo, Ching-Yu Lin, Hamm-Ming Sheu, and Jui-Che Lin. "Feasibility of rapid quantitation of stratum corneum lipid content by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry." Spectroscopy 18, no. 3 (2004): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/401015.

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The permeability barrier of skin resides in the stratum corneum, and its properties are mediated by a series of lipid multilayers, enriched in ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, segregated within the stratum corneum (SC) interstices. SC lipid content is usually determined by gravimetric methods in conjunction with high performance thin layer chromatography, but these methods are time‒consuming and involve hazardous solvents. The objective of the present study was to develop a method of measuring SC lipid content by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) that is fast and requ

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27

SAKAMOTO, Kazutami. "Skin Barrier Function of Stratum Corneum Lipids." Oleoscience 17, no. 11 (2017): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.17.539.

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28

Wertz, Philip W., Kathi C. Madison, and Donald T. Downing. "Covalently Bound Lipids of Human Stratum Corneum." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 92, no. 1 (1989): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep13071317.

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29

Wertz, Philip W., William Abraham, Lukas Landmann, and Donald T. Downing. "Preparation of Liposomes from Stratum Corneum Lipids." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 87, no. 5 (1986): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12455832.

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30

Friberg, Stig E., Hamdan Suhaimi, Lisa B. Goldsmith, and Linda L. Rhein. "STRATUM CORNEUM LIPIDS IN A MODEL STRUCTURE." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (1988): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932698808943996.

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31

Long, S. A., P. W. Wertz, J. S. Strauss, and D. T. Downing. "Human stratum corneum polar lipids and desquamation." Archives of Dermatological Research 277, no. 4 (1985): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00509081.

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32

Rousseau, Marthe, Laurent Bédouet, Elian Lati, Philippe Gasser, Karine Le Ny, and Evelyne Lopez. "Restoration of stratum corneum with nacre lipids." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 145, no. 1 (2006): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.06.012.

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33

Silva, C. L., D. Topgaard, V. Kocherbitov, J. J. S. Sousa, A. A. C. C. Pais, and E. Sparr. "Stratum corneum hydration: Phase transformations and mobility in stratum corneum, extracted lipids and isolated corneocytes." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1768, no. 11 (2007): 2647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.05.028.

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34

Lasch, Juergen, Ute Schmitt, Brigitte Sternberg, and Rolf Schubert. "Human Stratum Corneum Lipid-Based Liposomes (hSCLLs)." Journal of Liposome Research 4, no. 1 (1994): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08982109409037031.

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35

Golden, Guia M., Donald B. Guzek, Richard R. Harris, James E. McKie, and Russell O. Potts. "Lipid Thermotropic Transitions in Human Stratum Corneum." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 86, no. 3 (1986): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12285373.

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36

Das, Chinmay, Massimo G. Noro, and Peter D. Olmsted. "Simulation Studies of Stratum Corneum Lipid Mixtures." Biophysical Journal 97, no. 7 (2009): 1941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.06.054.

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37

Krill, Steven L., Kristine Knutson, and William I. Higuchi. "The stratum corneum lipid thermotropic phase behavior." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1112, no. 2 (1992): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(92)90403-9.

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38

Yamamoto, A., S. Serizawa, M. Ito, and Y. Sato. "Stratum corneum lipid abnormalities in atopic dermatitis." Archives of Dermatological Research 283, no. 4 (1991): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01106105.

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39

Tokudome, Yoshihiro. "Influence of Oral Administration of Lactic Acid Bacteria Metabolites on Skin Barrier Function and Water Content in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (2018): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121858.

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The effects of orally administered lactic acid bacteria metabolites on skin were studied using an atopic dermatitis-like murine model generated by feeding HR-AD to mice. Lactic acid bacteria metabolites were obtained by inoculating and culturing soy milk with 35 strains of 16 species of lactic acid bacteria. The atopic dermatitis-like murine model was generated by feeding HR-AD to HR-1 mice for 40 days. The skin condition of HR-AD-fed mice worsened compared with normal mice, showing reduced water content in the stratum corneum, increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), reduced ceramide AP co

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40

Pietrzak, Aldona, Anna Michalak-Stoma, Grażyna Chodorowska, and Jacek C. Szepietowski. "Lipid Disturbances in Psoriasis: An Update." Mediators of Inflammation 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/535612.

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Psoriasis is a common disease with the population prevalence ranging from 2% to 3%. Its prevalence in the population is affected by genetic, environmental, viral, infectious, immunological, biochemical, endocrinological, and psychological factors, as well as alcohol and drug abuse. In the recent years, psoriasis has been recognised as a systemic disease associated with numerous multiorgan abnormalities and complications. Dyslipidemia is one of comorbidities in psoriatic patients. Lipid metabolism studies in psoriasis have been started at the beginning of the 20th century and are concentrated o

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41

Popa, Iuliana. "The concept of sphingolipid rheostat in skin: a driving force for new active ingredients in cosmetic applications." OCL 25, no. 5 (2018): D507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2018043.

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Skin is a representative model of the complex metabolism that lipids may trigger. It is known that the biosynthesis of these lipids in mammalian cells generally ensures the cell membranes stability and participates to the signaling function. In the inner layers of the skin, the “de-novo” synthesis is the driving force ensuring proliferation, development and intercellular signaling. To promote stratum corneum formation, lipid catabolism leads to the renewal of ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol that are responsible for the cohesion of the stratum corneum, its permeability, hydration, moistu

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42

Choe, ChunSik, Jürgen Lademann, and Maxim E. Darvin. "A depth-dependent profile of the lipid conformation and lateral packing order of the stratum corneum in vivo measured using Raman microscopy." Analyst 141, no. 6 (2016): 1981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an02373d.

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43

Kahraman, Emine, Melis Kaykın, Hümeyra Şahin Bektay, and Sevgi Güngör. "Recent Advances on Topical Application of Ceramides to Restore Barrier Function of Skin." Cosmetics 6, no. 3 (2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6030052.

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Human skin is the largest organ of the body and is an effective physical barrier keeping it from environmental conditions. This barrier function of the skin is based on stratum corneum, located in the uppermost skin. Stratum corneum has corneocytes surrounded by multilamellar lipid membranes which are composed of cholesterol, free fatty acids and ceramides (CERs). Alterations in ceramide content of the stratum corneum are associated with numerous skin disorders. In recent years, CERs have been incorporated into conventional and novel carrier systems with the purpose of exogenously applying CER

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44

Suhonen, Marjukka, S. Kevin Li, William I. Higuchi, and James N. Herron. "A Liposome Permeability Model for Stratum Corneum Lipid Bilayers Based on Commercial Lipids." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 97, no. 10 (2008): 4278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.21306.

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45

Thakur, Neha, Prabhat Jain, and Vivek Jain. "FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TRANSFEROSOMAL GEL." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5 (2018): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1826.

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Transfersomes are particularly optimized, ultradeformable (ultraflexible) lipid supramolecular aggregates, which are able to penetrate the mammalian skin intact. Transfersome is a type of carrier system which is capable of transdermal delivery of low as well as high molecular weight drugs. Transfersomes penetrate through the pores of stratum corneum which are smaller than its size and get into the underlying viable skin in intact form. Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous follicle characterized by non-inflammatory (open and closed comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules, pustul

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46

Pullmannová, Petra, Elena Ermakova, Andrej Kováčik, et al. "Long and very long lamellar phases in model stratum corneum lipid membranes." Journal of Lipid Research 60, no. 5 (2019): 963–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.m090977.

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Membrane models of the stratum corneum (SC) lipid barrier, either healthy or affected by recessive X-linked ichthyosis, constructed from ceramide [Cer; nonhydroxyacyl sphingosine N-tetracosanoyl-d-erythro-sphingosine (CerNS24) alone or with omega-O-acylceramide N-(32-linoleyloxy)dotriacontanoyl-d-erythro-sphingosine (CerEOS)], FFAs(C16–24), cholesterol (Chol), and sodium cholesteryl sulfate (CholS) were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a previously unreported polymorphism of the membranes. In the absence of CerEOS, the membranes formed a short lamellar phase (SLP; the repeat dist

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47

Schmitt, Thomas, and Reinhard H. H. Neubert. "State of the Art in Stratum Corneum Research. Part II: Hypothetical Stratum Corneum Lipid Matrix Models." Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 33, no. 4 (2020): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509019.

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48

Bakar, Joudi, Rime Michael-Jubeli, Sana Tfaili, Ali Assi, Arlette Baillet-Guffroy, and Ali Tfayli. "Biomolecular modifications during keratinocyte differentiation: Raman spectroscopy and chromatographic techniques." Analyst 146, no. 9 (2021): 2965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1an00231g.

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49

Machado, Neila, Clarissa Callegaro, Marcelo Augusto Christoffolete, and Herculano Martinho. "Tuning the transdermal transport by application of external continuous electric field: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 14 (2021): 8273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00354b.

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50

Yarovoy, Yury, Dane M. Drutis, Thomas M. Hancewicz, Ursula Garczarek, K. P. Ananthapadmanabhan, and Manoj Misra. "Quantification of Lipid Phase Order of In Vivo Human Skin Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis." Applied Spectroscopy 73, no. 2 (2018): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818812738.

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A new analysis methodology utilizing multivariate curve resolution (MCR) has been successfully combined with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurement of in vivo human skin to resolve lipid phase constituents in the spectra relative to high and low chain ordering. A clinical study was performed to measure lipid order through different depths of stratum corneum of human subjects. Fourier transform IR spectra were collected through the top 10 layers of the skin on four sites on the left and right forearm of 12 individuals. Depth profiling was achieved by tape stripping to remove layers of s

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