Journal articles: 'Lipophilie'

1

Biermann, Oliver, Erich Hädicke, Sebastian Koltzenburg, and Florian Müller-Plathe. "Hydrophilie und Lipophilie von Cellulose-Kristalloberflächen." Angewandte Chemie 113, no. 20 (October 15, 2001): 3938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3757(20011015)113:20<3938::aid-ange3938>3.0.co;2-7.

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Audry, Evelyne, Jean-Pierre Dubost, Philippe Dallet, Marie-Hélène Langlois, and Jean-Claude Colleter. "Le potentiel de lipophilie moléculaire: application à une série d'amines β-adrénolytiques." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 24, no. 2 (March 1989): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0223-5234(89)90109-8.

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3

Harenberg, J., and R. Malsch. "Analyse von Heparinoiden mit Galaktosaminoglykanstruktur mit Hilfe der Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie." Hämostaseologie 16, no. 01 (January 1996): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656633.

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ZusammenfassungHeparinoide mit Galaktosaminoglykanstruktur können mit chromatographischen Methoden auf ihre Eigenschaften untersucht werden. Mit Hilfe der Hochdruck-flüssigkeits-Gelpermeationschromatographie (GPC-HPLC) wurden daher die durchschnittliche molekulare Masse und die Polydispersität (Q) bestimmt. Die Stoffe zeigten eine unterschiedliche durchschnittliche molekulare Masse Mw von 19077 bis 25193 Da. Die Polydispersität streute von 1,04 bis 1,13 für unfraktionierte Galaktosaminoglykane. Die Reversed-Phase-Hochdruckflüssig-keitschromatographie (RP-HPLC) läßt Unterschiede in der Lipophilie-Hydrophilie erkennen. Die Galaktosaminoglykane lassen sich mit der RP-HPLC detektieren. Aufgrund sehr hydrophiler Eigenschaften zeigten sie ähnliche Elutionsprofile. Durch die Hochdruckflüssigkeits-Affinitätschromatographie (HPLAC) werden mit einer Concavalin-A-Säule die Galaktosaminoglykane analysiert. Sie unterschieden sich in ihrer Retentionszeit (1,00 – 1,40 min).

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O'Hagan, David, and Robert J. Young. "Präzise Lipophilie(log P )-Messungen geben Auskunft über feine stereoelektronische Effekte in der Fluorchemie." Angewandte Chemie 128, no. 12 (February 19, 2016): 3922–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201511055.

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Chan, C. H., Y. L. Lau, and B. G. Oliver. "Measured and Modelled Chlorinated Contaminant Distributions in the St. Clair River Water." Water Quality Research Journal 21, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1986.029.

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Abstract The concentration distribution of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachloro-benzene (QCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) in water samples from transects across the upper and lower St. Clair River and the upper Detroit River were determined on four occasions in 1985. The data show a plume of these contaminants from the Sarnia industrial area. The fluxes and concentration profiles of the contaminants at Port Lambton have been modelled success fully using a simple transverse mixing model. A study on the chemical partitioning between the “dissolved” and “suspended sediment” phases shows that an important contaminant fraction is carried in the river by the suspended solids, particularly for lipophilie compounds such as HCB and OCS,

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Lafont, O. "Influence de la lipophilie sur l'oxydation biologique d'une chaîne méthyl-3 butyle en série barbiturique." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 23, no. 5 (October 1988): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0223-5234(88)90139-0.

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Gonzaga, Ferdinand, Bénédicte Segues, Émile Perez, Isabelle Rico-Lattesh, and Armand Lattes. "Decontamination chimique. II. Oxydation de composés soufrés en milieu micellaire: rôle de la lipophilie des substrats." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry 1, no. 3 (March 1998): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1609(99)80082-6.

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Scheven, M., Ch Scheven, K. Hahn, and A. Senf. "Postantibiotischer Effekt und postexpositioneller Polyen-Antagonismus von Azol-Antimykotika anCandida albicans: Abhängigkeit von der Substanz-Lipophilie." Mycoses 38 (April 1995): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1995.tb00479.x.

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RYCHEN, G., C. DUCOULOMBIER-CREPINEAU, N. GROVA, S. JURJANZ, and C. FEIDT. "Modalités et risques de transfert des polluants organiques persistants vers le lait." INRAE Productions Animales 18, no. 5 (December 18, 2005): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2005.18.5.3538.

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Les activités humaines produisent des composés polluants tels que les Polluants Organiques Persistants (POP) qui peuvent dans certains cas entraîner des risques de contamination des activités agricoles. Ces molécules posent des problèmes de transfert dans la chaîne alimentaire, notamment vers les produits animaux. Les POP sont caractérisés par une forte rémanence, une volatilité élevée et une lipophilie marquée entraînant leur accumulation potentielle dans les tissus adipeux. Ce groupe de molécules potentiellement toxiques pour l’homme et l’environnement fait l’objet d’une attention internationale. L’objectif de cette synthèse est d’aborder le devenir de trois familles de composés POP, de type hydrocarbures polycycliques : les dioxines-furanes (PCDD/F), les polychlorobiphényles (PCB) et les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP). Les résultats de recherche montrent une contamination significative des fourrages situés en zones exposées aux polluants par comparaison avec des zones isolées. Ils mettent également en évidence un transfert différentiel de ces molécules toxiques vers les matrices biologiques dont le lait.

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Lafont, O. "Influence de variations de lipophilie sur la biodégradation de chaînes ramifiées: étude de l'acide méthyl-5 (méthyl-2 propyl)-5 barbiturique." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 2 (March 1990): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0223-5234(90)90026-y.

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Zeliger, Harold I., Yaqin Pan, and William J. Rea. "Predicting co-morbidities in chemically sensitive individuals from exhaled breath analysis." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-012-0020-7.

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ABSTRACT The exhaled breath of more than four hundred patients who presented at the Environmental Health Center - Dallas with chemical sensitivity conditions were analyzed for the relative abundance of their breath chemical composition by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. All presenting patients had no fewer than four and as many as eight co-morbid conditions. Surprisingly, almost all the exhaled breath analyses showed the presence of a preponderance of lipophilic aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The hydrophilic compounds present were almost entirely of natural origin, i.e. expected metabolites of foods. The lipophile, primarily C3 to C16 hydrocarbons and believed to have come from inhalation of polluted air, were, in all cases, present at concentrations far below those known to be toxic to humans, but caused sensitivity and signs of chemical overload. The co-morbid health effects observed are believed to be caused by the sequential absorption of lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals; an initial absorption and retention of lipophile followed by a subsequent absorption of hydrophilic species facilitated by the retained lipophile to produce chemical mixtures that are toxic at very low levels. It is hypothesized that co-morbid conditions in chemically sensitive individuals can be predicted from analysis of their exhaled breath.

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Le Tilly, O., C. Bretonnière, and M. Grégoire. "La pharmacologie des antibiotiques dans le liquide cérébrospinal." Médecine Intensive Réanimation 28, no. 5 (August 29, 2019): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rea-2019-0116.

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Le liquide cérébrospinal (LCS) est produit par les plexus choroïdes des ventricules cérébraux avec pour rôle de protéger le système nerveux central des agressions mécaniques (chocs) et infectieuses (virus, bactéries, parasites) et de lui apporter des nutriments essentiels à son fonctionnement optimal. Il est anatomiquement à l'interface entre le compartiment sanguin, le liquide interstitiel cérébral et le compartiment lymphatique. Sa composition est fortement influencée par ces structures. Deux barrières permettent de réguler le passage moléculaire dans le système nerveux central et limitent fortement l'accès à ce dernier : la barrière hématoencéphalique et la barrière hématoméningée. La diffusion des antibiotiques dans le LCS, mais également dans le parenchyme cérébral dépend de plusieurs facteurs : la taille de la molécule, sa lipophilie, la liaison aux protéines plasmatiques et l'intégrité des barrières hématoencéphalique et hématoméningée. Les phénomènes d'inflammation méningée observés dans les méningites bactériennes augmentent la perméabilité des barrières et facilitent la diffusion des agents antibiotiques. Les molécules diffusant le mieux dans le LCS sont les fluoroquinolones, le linézolide, l'association triméthoprime- sulfaméthoxazole, la rifampicine et la fosfomycine. Les bêtalactamines présentent une diffusion assez faible mais qui augmente fortement en cas d'inflammation méningée. Des posologies journalières très élevées permettent de contourner l'écueil de la diffusion. De nombreux paramètres influencent la diffusion des antibiotiques dans le LCS. Le choix de l'antibiothérapie adaptée se fait en fonction de ces paramètres et du type d'infection à traiter en concertation pluridisciplinaire.

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13

Esteves-Pedro, Natalia Mencacci, Kenji Sugibayashi, Elissa A. Ostrosky, Marcio Ferrari, Bianca da Silva Sufi, Monica Beatriz Mathor, Paulo Roberto H. Moreno, et al. "Validation Cytotoxicity Assay for Lipophilic Substances." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 4 (May 29, 2018): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666180410142829.

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It is challenging to disperse lipophilic substances in a validated cytotoxicity assay, especially for compounds with log Kow greater than or equal to 5 that may show false negative results. The purpose of this study was to explain the challenges in conducting a cytotoxicity validated test of lipophilic substances: Minthostachys setosa, Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus, and Drimysbrasiliensis essential oils. Additionally, we compared the equivalence of Neutral Red (NR) and 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -5- (3- carboxymethoxyphenyl) -2- (4-sulfophenyl) -2H -tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) in detecting cell viability. The Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) technique was used to evaluate the dispersion of essential oils and cytotoxicity in accordance to the guidelines of the OECD / GD 129 validated cytotoxicity assay. We compared the equivalence of vital dyes by TOST equivalence test. According to the results, we demonstrated the possibility of using other ways to disperse the lipophilic substances. Based on the HLB theory, we selected polysorbate 20 as the best solubilizing agent of the essential oils studied in D10 culture medium.

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Zeliger, Harold I. "Lipophilic chemical exposure as a cause of cardiovascular disease." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0010.

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Abstract Environmental chemical exposure has been linked to numerous diseases in humans. These diseases include cancers; neurological and neurodegenerative diseases; metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity; reproductive and developmental disorders; and endocrine disorders. Many studies have associated the link between exposures to environmental chemicals and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These chemicals include persistent organic pollutants (POPs); the plastic exudates bisphenol A and phthalates; low molecular weight hydrocarbons (LMWHCs); and poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Here it is reported that though the chemicals reported on differ widely in chemical properties and known points of attack in humans, a common link exists between them. All are lipophilic species that are found in serum. Environmentally induced CVD is related to total lipophilic chemical load in the blood. Lipophiles serve to promote the absorption of otherwise not absorbed toxic hydrophilic species that promote CVD.

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S. Pragati, S. Kuldeep, S. Ashok, and M. Satheesh. "Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Drug Delivery Technology." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2009): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2009.2.2.3.

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One of the situations in the treatment of disease is the delivery of efficacious medication of appropriate concentration to the site of action in a controlled and continual manner. Nanoparticle represents an important particulate carrier system, developed accordingly. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nm and composed of macromolecular material. Nanoparticles could be polymeric or lipidic (SLNs). Industry estimates suggest that approximately 40% of lipophilic drug candidates fail due to solubility and formulation stability issues, prompting significant research activity in advanced lipophile delivery technologies. Solid lipid nanoparticle technology represents a promising new approach to lipophile drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are important advancement in this area. The bioacceptable and biodegradable nature of SLNs makes them less toxic as compared to polymeric nanoparticles. Supplemented with small size which prolongs the circulation time in blood, feasible scale up for large scale production and absence of burst effect makes them interesting candidates for study. In this present review this new approach is discussed in terms of their preparation, advantages, characterization and special features.

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Postolache, Teodor T., Deborah R. Medoff, Clayton H. Brown, Li Juan Fang, Sanjaya K. Upadhyaya, Christopher A. Lowry, Michael Miller, and Julie A. Kreyenbuhl. "Lipophilic vs. hydrophilic statins and psychiatric hospitalizations and emergency room visits in US Veterans with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder." Pteridines 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2020-0028.

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Abstract Objective Psychiatric hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits are costly, stigmatizing, and often ineffective. Given the immune and kynurenine activation in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia, as well as the immune-modulatory effects of statins, we aimed to compare the relative risk (RRs) of psychiatric hospitalizations and ED visits between individuals prescribed lipophilic vs. hydrophilic statins vs. no statins. We hypothesized (a) reduced rates of hospitalization and ER utilization with statins versus no statins and (b) differences in outcomes between statins, as lipophilia increases the capability to penetrate the blood–brain barrier with potentially beneficial neuroimmune, antioxidant, neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and endothelial stabilizing effects, and, in contrast, potentially detrimental decreases in brain cholesterol concentrations leading to serotoninergic dysfunction, changes in membrane lipid composition, thus affecting ion channels and receptors. Methods We used VA service utilization data from October 1, 2010 to September 30, 2015. The RRs for psychiatric hospitalization and ED visits, were estimated using robust Poisson regression analyses. The number of individuals analyzed was 683,129. Results Individuals with schizophrenia and BD who received prescriptions for either lipophilic or hydrophilic statins had a lower RR of psychiatric hospitalization or ED visits relative to nonstatin controls. Hydrophilic statins were significantly associated with lower RRs of psychiatric hospitalization but not of ED visits, compared to lipophilic statins. Conclusion The reduction in psychiatric hospitalizations in statin users (vs. nonusers) should be interpreted cautiously, as it carries a high risk of confounding by indication. While the lower RR of psychiatric hospitalizations in hydrophilic statins relative to the lipophilic statins is relatively bias free, the finding bears replication in a specifically designed study. If replicated, important clinical implications for personalizing statin treatment in patients with mental illness, investigating add-on statins for improved therapeutic control, and mechanistic exploration for identifying new treatment targets are natural next steps.

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Horgan, D. B., and J. A. Zabkiewicz. "Fluorescence decline ratio comparison with quantum yield ratio for plant physiological status and herbicide treatment responses." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6802.

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Plant fluorescence is normally measured using the ratio Fv/Fm (quantum yield) An alternative measurement fluorescence decline ratio (Rfd) can be used instead of Fv/Fm The usefulness of the Rfd ratio in comparison to Fv/Fm was tested with three plant species of differing leaf character Diurnal trends were measured after treatment with two herbicides diuron a lipophilic photosynthesis inhibiting herbicide and dalapon a lesslipophilic nonphotosynthesis inhibiting herbicide In wheat both herbicides were tested with three nonionic surfactants of differing hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) The Rfd ratio was a more sensitive numerical indicator of plant responses and provides an alternative approach to monitoring and measuring the effect of stress factors in plants

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Wu, Ming Hua, Jian Peng Dong, Dong Ming Qi, Chong Qian, and Xin Jiang. "Influence of the Hydrophile-Lipophile Property of Cross-Linker on the Properties of Acrylate Latex and its Film." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.466.

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A series of acrylate latexes for pigment printing binder were prepared by semi-continuous pre-emulsifying emulsion polymerization, using lipophilic glycidyl meth-acrylate (GMA), ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EGDMA) and hydrophilic HA (containing hydroxyl, acylamino), N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) as cross-linking monomer. The influences of cross-linker type on the particle size, viscosity and film-forming rate of latex, cross-linking degree and tensile properties of latex film were studied. It was found that the latex particle size, viscosity and film-forming rate were closely related with the hydrophile-lipophile property of cross linkers. The acrylate latex synthesized with hydrophilic cross-linkers always exhibits the characteristics of larger particle size, lower film-forming rate, higher viscosity and pseudoplastic fluid. The cross-linking degree and tensile properties of latex film generally depend on the crosslinking groups of cross-linkers and their reactivity.

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Leal, Leila Bastos, Giovana Damasceno Sousa, Karoline Belém Seixas, Pedro Henrique Nogueira de Souza, and Davi Pereira de Santana. "Determination of the critical hydrophile-lipophile balance of licuri oil from Syagrus coronata: application for topical emulsions and evaluation of its hydrating function." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 49, no. 1 (March 2013): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502013000100018.

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The aims of this study were to determine the critical hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of licuri oil, and to perform a clinical assay to evaluate its hydrating effects. For the determination of the HLB, serial emulsions were prepared with the oil. Regarding the clinical study, 13 human subjects were recruited to evaluate the hydrating power of the emulsified preparation containing licuri oil, and comparing it with the same preparation containing sweet almond oil (SAO). The critical HLB of licuri oil was represented by the zones within the concentrations of 10% for the oil and 15% for the pair of tensoactive agents, with a value of 11.8. Both preparations showed similar hydrating power. We propose that licuri oil can be considered a new lipophilic adjuvant with hydrating characteristics, which can be used in cosmetic preparations, replacing consecrated oils, such as SAO.

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Jandacek, Ronald J., and Stephen J. Genuis. "An Assessment of the Intestinal Lumen as a Site for Intervention in Reducing Body Burdens of Organochlorine Compounds." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/205621.

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Many individuals maintain a persistent body burden of organochlorine compounds (OCs) as well as other lipophilic compounds, largely as a result of airborne and dietary exposures. Ingested OCs are typically absorbed from the small intestine along with dietary lipids. Once in the body, stored OCs can mobilize from adipose tissue storage sites and, along with circulating OCs, are delivered into the small intestine via hepatic processing and biliary transport. Retained OCs are also transported into both the large and small intestinal lumen via non-biliary mechanisms involving both secretion and desquamation from enterocytes. OCs and some other toxicants can be reabsorbed from the intestine, however, they take part in enterohepatic circulation(EHC). While dietary fat facilitates the absorption of OCs from the small intestine, it has little effect on OCs within the large intestine. Non-absorbable dietary fats and fat absorption inhibitors, however, can reduce the re-absorption of OCs and other lipophiles involved in EHC and may enhance the secretion of these compounds into the large intestine—thereby hastening their elimination. Clinical studies are currently underway to determine the efficacy of using non-absorbable fats and inhibitors of fat absorption in facilitating the elimination of persistent body burdens of OCs and other lipophilic human contaminants.

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Garbe, Thomas R., and Hideaki Yukawa. "Common Solvent Toxicity: Autoxidation of Respiratory Redox-Cyclers Enforced by Membrane Derangement." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 56, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2001): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2001-7-801.

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Unspecific biological effects of chemically diverse solvents strikingly reveal the unifying motif of oxidant toxicity both in higher organisms and in aerobic bacteria. In a few spectacular cases, solvent metabolites with oxidant properties were demonstrated, which however cannot explain extrahepatic toxicity, e.g. in muscle and nerve cells. A common source of solvent-inducible oxidants, by contrast, is suggested to be located in mitochondria or, more general, in membranes where the respiratory chain operates. Orderly respiration depends on membrane integrity, which is invariably compromised by exposure to most solvents and many other lipophils. In rat mitochondria, toluene-induced membrane derangement has been directly implicated with superoxide production, resulting from autoxidation of the membrane-located respiratory redox-cycler ubisemiquinone. A related mechanism may occur in bacteria: Exposure of Escherichia coli to lipophils such as ethanol, tetralin, indole, chlorpromazine and procaine, or to heat shock, induces anti-oxidant proteins, which are reliable indicators of increased oxidant levels. Although many molecular details remain to be elucidated, this review documents that oxidant toxicity of lipophilic compounds is a common physiological phenomenon correlated with derangement of membranes where respiratory processes take place. Subjective consequences of acute oxidant injury are probably the hangover from alcohol and nicotine consumption, and the sudden death from recreational solvent abuse. Suggestions concerning oxidants as major contributors to ageing remain unchallenged

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Malsch, R., J. Harenberg, D. L. Heene, and L. Piazolo. "Pharmakodynamik von chemisch modifizierten niedermolekularen Heparinen." Hämostaseologie 16, no. 01 (January 1996): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656636.

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ZusammenfassungEine Verbesserung der pharmakologischen Eigenschaften von Heparinoiden und Heparinen kann durch gezielte chemische Modifikation erreicht werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, durch die Kopplung von lipophilen Substanzen an niedermolekulares Heparin die intravenöse Pharmakodynamik zu verbessern. Die pharmakodynamischen Daten dieser Heparine wurden in vitro und ex vivo bestimmt. Cholesterinhemisuccinyl-LMM-Heparin hat eine In-vitro-Anti-Throm-binaktivität von 70 E/mg und eine Anti-Faktor-Xa-Aktivität von 140 E/mg. L-Ascor-binsäure-6-Palmitat-LMM-Heparin hat eine In-vitro-Anti-Thrombinaktivität von 34 E/mg und eine Anti-Faktor-Xa-Aktivität von 72 E/mg. Die modifizierten Heparine wurden mit der Pharmakodynamik von Fragmin® verglichen. Durch die Kopplung von Heparin an lipophile Substanzen wie Cholesterin und L-Ascorbinsäure-6-Palmitat wurden sowohl die Anti-Thrombin- als auch die Anti-Faktor-Xa-Halbwertszeiten signifikant verlängert, die totale Plasmaclearance war für die Anti-Faktor-Xa-Aktivität erniedrigt.

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Torosyan, S. A., V. V. Mikheev, Yu N. Biglova, and M. S. Miftakhov. "Lipophilic fullerenes." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 51, no. 8 (August 2015): 1057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428015080011.

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Abram, S., U. Abram, H. Spies, and R. Münze. "Lipophilic technetium complexes." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 102, no. 2 (December 1986): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02047906.

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Yu, Guo Xian, Mei Jin, Kun Wan, and Ping Lu. "Effect of Surface Modifier on their Tribological Properties of LaF₃ Nanoparticles in Base Oil." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.774.

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Surface modifiers with different lipophilic chain lengths, such as, lauric acid diethanolamine, myristic acid diethanolamine, palmitic acid diethanolamine and stearic acid diethanolamine, were used to prepare four kinds of LaF3nanoparticles in the mixture solvent of water-ethanol. Morphology and surface modification of LaF3nanoparticles were investigated by TEM, FTIR and TG. Effect of length of surface modifier lipophilic chain on tribological properties of LaF3nanoparticles and their susceptibility to base oils were investigated by a four-ball machine. Results show that the tribological properties of LaF3nanoparticles in the base oil in build up as lipophilic chain length of surface modifiers increases; the longer the lipophilic chain is, the better the susceptibility of the nanoparticles to liquid paraffin wax is. This is mainly because that the lipophilic chain length influences the interface activity of the nanoparticles, moreover, for homologous organic acid soaps, the longer the lipophilic chain is, the better its friction reducing performance is; the properties of base oils also influence the interface activity of the nanoparticles.

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Ashaduzzaman, Md, Shu Hei Kai, and Masashi Kunitake. "Investigation of Click Reaction at an Oil-Water Interface Using Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Polymers." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (September 2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.11.31.

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Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen click reactions between lipophilic polymer (tri-arm azidofunctionalized polystyrene) and hydrophilic polymer (copolymer of styrene sulfonate sodium and propargyl methacrylate) were investigated and hollow capsules, consisting of composite polymer nanofilms were obtained in chloroform-water biphasic solution. Since the lipophilic polymer, or hydrophilic polymer and copper catalyst were present in the oil or aqueous phase, respectively, the cross-linking reaction proceeded only at the phase interface. The combination of lipophilic and hydrophilic polymers produced hollow capsules consisting of nanofilms with lipophilic core and hydrophilic shell.

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Zhang, Lei, Hong Liang Ge, and Min Zhong. "Research on the Lipophilic Degree of Surface Modified ZnO Nanocrystals with Different Morphologies." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.250.

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ZnO nanorods and nanoparticles were successfully modified by NDZ-311w titanate coupling agent. The result of lipophilic degree showed that both ZnO nanocrystals with different morphologies were well lipophilic. Although both values of lipophilic degree firstly became larger and then smaller with the increase of modifier dosage, the different maximal lipophilic degree of ZnO nanorods and nanoparticles could be 68.8% and 77.9%, respectively. By comparing the two curves of lipophilic degree of surface modified ZnO nanocrystals with different morphologies, it could be demonstrated that the optimal dosage of NDZ-311w titanate coupling agent is inversely proportional to the grain size. TEM and XRD results showed that the grain size of ZnO nanoparticles were much smaller than that of ZnO nanorods, which can be the evidence for the equation. Otherwise, the surface modified ZnO nanoparticles displayed better dispersion than unmodified ones.

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Li, Shang-Yi, Hsin-Hung Chen, Cheng-Li Lin, Su-Yin Yeh, and Chia-Hung Kao. "The Different Cardiovascular Outcomes Between Long-Term Efficacy of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Statin Therapy in Both Asian Diabetic Sexes." Dose-Response 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 155932581987676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325819876766.

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Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of hydrophilic and lipophilic statin therapy for cardiovascular outcomes in Asian diabetic patients. Method: Newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes during the period from January 2000 to December 2011 were divided into 2 cohorts on the basis of their statin use, namely hydrophilic statin and lipophilic statin. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to analyze the risks of cardiovascular outcomes. Result: In this study, 12 896 patients used statin, including 4259 patients using hydrophilic statin and 8637 patients using lipophilic statin. With 12-year follow-up, higher incidence rate of coronary artery disease and stroke was noted in the lipophilic statin use instead of hydrophilic statin use. Conclusion: According to our long-term cohort study, hydrophilic statin use may be a better choice than lipophilic statin to reduce cardiovascular events in Asian diabetic patients.

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Bohnert, Sabine, and Wolf-H. Gündel. "Redoxreaktionen mit cyclopeptidartigen Chinolinderivaten als lipophil-maskierte NAD-Modellverbindungen / Redox Reactions with Cyclopeptide-Like Quinoline Derivatives as Lipophilic NAD Model Compounds." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-0917.

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Quaternary salts of the amides of N-(3-quinolinecarbonyl) amino acids (7) cyclise under the influence of base to give fourteen membered rings (9). This dimerisation is a reaction with high diastereoselectivity. The addition product 9 can be regarded as lipophilic, masked NAD model compound: 9 oxidizes 2-propanol under ZnCl2 catalysis to give in high yield acetone and the 1.4-dihydroquinoline.

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Matyushin, A. I., A. N. Karachentsev, S. A. Isaev, and A. Zh Mambetova. "Comparative evaluation of the inotropic effect of lipophilic and hydrophilic forms of 17P-estradiol and progesterone." Problems of Endocrinology 43, no. 6 (December 15, 1997): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl199743643-45.

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Changes in the contractility under the effect of lipophilic and hydrophilic 17^-estradiol and progesterone were studied on an isolated atrial auricula. The hydrophilic forms of female sex steroids possessed a higher cardiotropic activity than their lipophilic analogs. Lipophilic 17^-estradiol suppressed, whereas the hydrophilic form boosted the contractile function of the isolated rat atrium. Progesterone depressed cardiac contractility, no matter which forms were used.

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Tomkins, Justin M., Karen J. Barnes, A. John Blacker, William J. Watkins, and Chris Abell. "Lipophilic modification of oligonucleotides." Tetrahedron Letters 38, no. 4 (January 1997): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(96)02394-5.

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Stolley, Stephen N., and Matthew K. Ito. "Lipophilic nature of atorvastatin." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 56, no. 19 (October 1, 1999): 1988–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/56.19.1988.

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Huovinen, K., I. Laakso, T. Seppänen-Laakso, and S. Oksanen. "Lipophilic Compounds inLichen islandicus." Planta Medica 55, no. 07 (December 1989): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962181.

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Khanizadeh, Shahrokh, Behrouz Ehsani-Moghaddam, and Audrey Levasseur. "Antioxidant capacity in June-bearing and day-neutral strawberry." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, Special Issue (December 1, 2006): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-113.

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The present study was carried out to estimate the crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant content of known and new advanced selections among June-bearing and day-neutral genotypes using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity method. Crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic extractions were prepared using 25 g of frozen fruits from each sample. In June-bearing strawberries, significant differences were observed among crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant values of different selected genotypes. Mean of crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in June-bearings were estimated to be 20.4, 13.4 and 0.5 μmol TE g-1 FW, respectively, which were higher than those of the day-neutral genotypes (i.e., 13.2, 9.4 and 0.3 μmol TE g-1 FW). The present study revealed the importance of genetic background for determining the antioxidant potential in selected June-bearing genotypes and the possibility of production of new strawberry cultivars with higher levels of antioxidant capacity through breeding programs. Key words: Hydrophilic, lipophilic, total antioxidants, strawberry breeding, TEAC, Trolox

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Degtyareva, Ekaterina Aleksandrovna, Liliya Ivanovna Vyshnevska, Svetlana Vasil'yevna Garnaya, and Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Kalko. "THE STUDY OF PHYSICO-TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS’ INFLUENCE ON THE OUTPUT OF LIPOPHILIC SUB-STANCES FROM MEDICINAL PLANT MATERIALS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (April 7, 2019): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019035098.

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Currently, the lipophilic fractions of well-known medicinal plants are still understudied despite of contains of unique groups of BAS (chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, sterols, unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, etc.), what is the actual task of modern pharmaceutical science. The aim of our work was to perform experimental studies for the choice of optimal conditions of the extraction of lipophilic compounds from the meal of pumpkin pulp. Extraction of lipophilic substances from the meal of pumpkin pulp was carried out in laboratory conditions in the Soxhlet apparatus by the method of circulation extraction. The weight loss on drying, the content of extractive lipophilic substances and the amount of carotenoids (in terms of β-carotene) were determined by compendial procedures. According to the results of the experimental work, the optimum humidity (not more than 7%) and drying temperature (+ 60 °C) of pumpkin pulp meal containing carotenoids were established. The obtained data are necessary for the development of technology of lipophilic pumpkin extract.

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Sun, Ling Hui, Wei Dong Liu, and Chun Liu Sun. "The Adsorption Property of Wettability Reversal Surfactant." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2051.

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In order to understand the adsorption property of wettability reversal surfactant, the adsorption rule of the wettability reversal surfactant on hydrophilic surface and lipophilic surface was studied, and the adsorption behavior of the wettability reversal surfactant on hydrophilic surface and lipophilic surface was studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The results show that there is a saturated adsorption capacity of all the wettability reversal surfactants on sandstone surface, and the adsorption quantity on lipophilic surface is bigger than that on hydrophilic surface. The AFM study show that the wettability reversal surfactant tends to distribute where is close to the oil droplet. Consequently, the wettability reversal surfactant is favorable for using in lipophilic surface.

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Soliman, Sameh S. M., Mohamed Abouleish, Maged M. M. Abou-Hashem, Alshaimaa M. Hamoda, and Ali A. El-Keblawy. "Lipophilic Metabolites and Anatomical Acclimatization of Cleome amblyocarpa in the Drought and Extra-Water Areas of the Arid Desert of UAE." Plants 8, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8050132.

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Plants adapt to different environmental conditions by developing structural and metabolic mechanisms. In this study, anatomical features and lipophilic metabolites were investigated in Cleome amblyocarpa Barr. & Murb., Cleomaceae plants growing in the arid desert of United Arab Emirates (UAE) in either low-water or extra-water areas, which were caused by the surrounding road run-off. The plant showed the presence of shaggy-like trichomes. The plant also developed special mechanisms to ensure its survival via release of lipophilic metabolites. The lipophilic metabolites, stained red with Sudan III, were apparently released by glandular trichomes and idioblasts of the shoot and roots, respectively. The identified lipophilic metabolites included those required for drought tolerance, protection against pathogens invasion, and detoxification. Plants growing in the low-water area caused an increase in the production of lipophilic metabolites—in particular, hydrocarbons and terpenoids. The lipophilic metabolites are known to provide the plant with unique waxy surfaces that reduce water loss and avoid penetration by pathogens. The release of lipid metabolites and the presence of shaggy-like trichomes represented unique features of the species that have never been reported. The provided chemical ecology information can be extended for several plant-related applications, particularly including drought tolerance.

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LEE, KA JEONG, JONG SOO MOK, KI CHEOL SONG, HONGSIK YU, DOO SEOG LEE, JEE HYUNG JUNG, and JI HOE KIM. "First Detection and Seasonal Variation of Lipophilic Toxins Okadaic Acid, Dinophysistoxin-1, and Yessotoxin in Korean Gastropods." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 2000–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-192.

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Okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), pectenotoxin-2, and yessotoxin (YTX) are classes of lipophilic toxins found in marine animals. OA and DTX1 accumulation causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, a worldwide public health problem. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning has not previously been reported in gastropods, which are widely consumed in Korea. Seasonal variation in marine lipophilic toxins in gastropods was investigated using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Eighty specimens of Neptunea cumingii, 65 specimens of Rapana venosa, and 95 specimens of Batillus cornutus were collected at the Tongyeong fish market on the southern coast of Korea between May 2009 and December 2010. OA, DTX1, and YTX were detected in meat and digestive glands in all gastropod species studied. Pectenotoxin-2 was not found in any sample tested. Lipophilic toxins were detected in the digestive glands of gastropods; no lipophilic toxin was detected in the salivary glands of the carnivorous gastropods, N. cumingii and R. venosa. The highest concentrations of OA (21.5 ng/g) and DTX1 (8.4 ng/g) were detected in the digestive glands of R. venosa, and the maximum concentration of YTX (13.7 ng/g) was found in the digestive glands of N. cumingii. The maximum toxicities in gastropod tissues were lower than the European standard for acceptable levels. The concentrations of lipophilic toxins in carnivorous gastropods showed a high degree of seasonal variation; lipophilic toxins in carnivorous gastropods were found predominantly in spring and summer. This is the first report of the occurrence of lipophilic toxins in Korean gastropods.

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Tontini, Gustavo, Guilherme Dalla Lana Semione, Cristian Bernardi, Roberto Binder, José Daniel Biasoli de Mello, and Valderes Drago. "Synthesis of nanostructured flower-like MoS2 and its friction properties as additive in lubricating oils." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 6 (September 12, 2016): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-12-2015-0194.

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Purpose This paper aims to synthesize nanostructured flower-like molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) particles and evaluate their suitability to act as additives for lubricants. Design/methodology/approach A hydrothermal method without any surfactant successfully produced 250 nm mean diameter Nanostructured flower-like MoS2 particles. The resulting product was then solvothermally treated with absolute ethanol producing lipophilic powder particles which after being dispersed in two different lubricants were tribologicaly characterized by using a pin-on-disk tribometer geometry with reciprocal movement under immersion. Findings The influence on the stability and the coefficient of friction of the nano-oils is shown to be strongly dependent on their molecular structure. After 1 h of tribological testing, a ramified polyolester oil with 1 Wt.% of MoS2 nanoflowers did not show decrease in its average coefficient of friction, while an additive naphthenic oil with the same concentration of nanoparticles showed a decrease of 86 per cent. Originality/value In this paper, nanostructured flower-like MoS2 synthesized by the hydrothermal method was dispersed in lubricating oils to study its stability and tribological properties. To ensure good stability of the nano-oils, the particles were solvothermally treated with absolute ethanol to dehydrate and lipophilize them. A ramified polyolester-based nano-oil with 1 Wt.% of MoS2 nanoflowers showed no decrease in its steady state coefficient of friction, while a naphthenic-based nano-oil with the same concentration of nanoparticles presented a remarkable 86 per cent reduction.

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Boullemant, Amiel, Bernard Vigneault, Claude Fortin, and Peter G. C. Campbell. "Uptake of Neutral Metal Complexes by a Green Alga: Influence of pH and Humic Substances." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 10 (2004): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch04093.

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We have examined the influence of pH and a natural humic acid on the short-term uptake (<40 min) of a neutral, lipophilic metal complex by a unicellular freshwater alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate ([Cd(DDC)2]0) was used as a model lipophilic metal complex and Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) was chosen as a representative aquatic humic acid (6.5 mg C L−1). Under the experimental conditions virtually all the Cd was expected to be present as the lipophilic complex ([Cd]T = 0.38 nM; [DDC] 1 μM; [Cd2+] <10−15 M; pH 7.0, 6.0, or 5.5). Uptake of [Cd(DDC)2]0 proved to be sensitive to pH changes. It was lower at pH 6.0 and 5.5 than at pH 7.0. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of reduced uptake of a lipophilic metal complex at low pH. The presence of SRHA also affected uptake, either by binding the lipophilic complex in solution and reducing its bioavailability (pH 7.0) or by increasing the permeability of the algal membrane (pH 5.5).

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Ketsa, O. V., and M. M. Marchenko. "Free radical oxidation in liver mitochondria of tumor-bearing rats and its correction by essential lipophilic nutrients." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 92, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj92.01.127.

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Vrubel, O. R., A. R. Zin, and V. O. Antonyuk. "Investigation of lipophilic substances of the leaves and flowers of spindle tree (Euonymus Europaea L.)." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/3057.2.19.08.

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Spindle Tree (Euonymus europaea L.) has long been used in folk medicine for the treatment of dermatomycoces and as an antiparasitic and anthelmintic agent. However, with what substances it is associate this activity, it is not known for certain. In a previous work, a was developed extracting scheme from the bark of Spindle Tree (Euonymus europaea L.) to obtain water-soluble and lipophilic substances and the composition of the lipophilic fraction was studied using the GC-MS method. The purpose of this work was to obtain lipophilic substances from the flowers and leaves of Spindle Tree and to compare their chemical composition with the composition of substances obtained from the bark of the plant. Flowers and leaves were dried in a drying oven at a temperature of 52 °C, after which a fraction of lipophilic substances was obtained by extraction with petroleum ether. This fraction was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For this, a chromatographic column was used, which was washed with methanol (model NR-5ms, length 30 m, diameter 0.25 mm, filler: 95% dimethylpolysiloxane + 5% diphenylpolysiloxane; carrier gas ‒ helium with a constant flow of 1.5 ml/min) and 6C / MS Agilent Technologies 6890 N / 5975 B mass spectrometer (USA). The etxtraction by petroleum ether was obtained fraction of lipophilic substances in the amount of 0.83% of the taken weight of dried flowers and 0.62% by weight of dried leaves. In total, 28 compounds were detected in flowers, and 19 in leaves. It was established that flowers and leaves of Spindle Tree, like bark, are characterized by a high content of paraffinic carbohydrates (from C20H42 to C31H64). Their content is higher in flowers (more than 50% of the composition of the fraction), and in leaves and bark ≈ 35%. Steroid and terpene compounds in the lipophilic fractions of the leaves and bark of the plant are respectively 28.26% and 24.32%. Among them quantitatively dominated by freedeen. A rather high content of squalene (2.06%) was found in the leaves of the plant. Among other compounds, a significant proportion of fatty acids and their esters, of which 24.59% by weight of the lipophilic fraction of flowers and 14.74% by weight of the lipophilic fraction of leaves. An analysis of the results indicates a greater promise for the use in medicine of lipophilic substances of the bark and leaves of Spindle Tree than of flowers.

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Ludwig, Cassie A., Daniel Vail, Nitya A. Rajeshuni, Ahmad Al-Moujahed, Tatiana Rosenblatt, Natalia F. Callaway, Malini Veerappan Pasricha, Marco H. Ji, and Darius M. Moshfeghi. "Statins and the progression of age-related macular degeneration in the United States." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): e0252878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252878.

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Purpose To study the effect of statin exposure on the progression from non-exudative to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Retrospective cohort study of commercially insured patients diagnosed with non-exudative AMD (n = 231,888) from 2007 to 2015. Time-to-event analysis of the association between exposure to lipid-lowering medications and time from non-exudative AMD to exudative AMD diagnosis was conducted. Outcome measures included progression to exudative AMD, indicated by diagnosis codes for exudative AMD or procedural codes for intravitreal injections. Results In the year before and after first AMD diagnosis, 11,330 patients were continuously prescribed lipid-lowering medications and 31,627 patients did not take any lipid-lowering medication. Of those taking statins, 21 (1.6%) patients were on very-high-dose lipophilic statins, 644 (47.6%) on high-dose lipophilic statins, and 689 (50.9%) on low-dose lipophilic statins. We found no statistically significant relationship between exposure to low (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.38) or high-dose lipophilic statins (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.45) and progression to exudative AMD. No patients taking very-high-dose lipophilic statins converted from non-exudative to exudative AMD, though this difference was not statistically significant due to the subgroup size (p = .23, log-rank test). Conclusions No statistically significant relationship was found between statin exposure and risk of AMD progression. Interestingly, no patients taking very-high-dose lipophilic statins progressed to exudative AMD, a finding that warrants further exploration.

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Mizuta, Tatsumi, Shu Takai, Toshiki Nishihata, Kenji Sueyoshi, Tatsuro Endo, and Hideaki Hisamoto. "A lipophilic ionic liquid-based dye for anion optodes: importance of dye lipophilicity and application to heparin measurement." Analyst 145, no. 16 (2020): 5430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an00335b.

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A fully lipophilic ionic liquid comprising a lipophilic fluorescein anion and a trihexyltetradecylphosphonium cation was synthesized and used as the plasticizer for a PVC membrane optode, demonstrating high sensitivity, rapid, and reversible responses toward anions and heparin.

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Benouadah, Nacera, Andrey Pranovich, Djamel Aliouche, Jarl Hemming, Annika Smeds, and Stefan Willför. "Analysis of extractives from Pinus halepensis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis as predominant trees in Algeria." Holzforschung 72, no. 2 (January 26, 2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0098.

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AbstractThe lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives in the sapwood (sW) and heartwood (hW) of stems fromPinus halepensisMill andEucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh trees grown in the north of Algeria were analyzed. The extraction of dried samples was carried out in an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE). The lipophilic substances were first extracted withn-hexane and then the hydrophilic ones with acetone/water. The extractives were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), GC-mass spectroscopy (MS) and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The largest amount of lipophilic extractives (≈13.4 mg g−1) was observed in the hW ofP. halepensis, while the hW ofE. camaldulensiscontained the largest amount of hydrophilic extractives (≈116.3 mg g−1). Lipophilic extractives are mainly composed of oleoresins (resin acids, terpenes), fats (fatty acids, glycerides, steryl esters, sterols) and waxes (fatty alcohols). Hydrophilic extractives are composed of polyphenols (stilbenes, flavanols), sugars (monosaccharides) and sugar alcohols (cyclic polyols). The main identified lipophilic extractives are resin acids in pine and glycerides in eucalypt. The main identified hydrophilic extractives are cyclic polyols in pine and flavanols and monosaccharides in eucalypt. The total content of extractives is higher in hW than in sW.

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España Orozco, Sebastian, Philipp Zeitlinger, Karin Fackler, Robert H. Bischof, and Antje Potthast. "A solid-phase extraction method that eliminates matrix effects of complex pulp mill effluents for the analysis of lipophilic wood extractives." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0039.

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AbstractThe extraction of lipophilic wood extractives from pulp and paper process waters proves to be a challenging task, due to harsh and alternating process and sample conditions. This study has determined the potential use of polymeric sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and compared to classical silica-based reversed-phase packed columns, with polymeric hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridges being the sorbent with the most potential. Recovery functions were obtained with an internal standard mixture representative for the main lipophilic wood extractive groups, which are fatty acids and alcohols, sterols, sterol esters and triglycerides. The impact of pH, sample volume and sample matrix, expressed as TOC and cations, on the retention behavior of lipophilic extractives during SPE of industrial samples were determined with polymeric HLB sorbent. High variations in the composition of pulp mill matrices led to different optimal extraction conditions. Thus, a new SPE protocol was developed, which bypasses matrix interferences and omits the loss of analytes due to sample preparation. The method is applicable to different pulp mill effluents with large discrepancies in pH and sample matrices, resulting in recoveries >90 % with RSD <5 % for all lipophilic wood extractives.

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Ehsani-Moghaddam, B., S. Khanizadeh, and J. A. Sullivan. "Biochemical components of advanced selections and raspberry cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-124.

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Commercially grown raspberry cultivars (Rubus idaeus L.) (Festival, Boyne, Nova and Killarney) and advanced selections (88–18, 88–117, 88–134, SJR942-7) from the University of Guelph and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) were evaluated for total antioxidant capacity, soluble solids content and acidity. The crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant content of berries were measured using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) method. Significant variations were observed among crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant content of the different advanced selections. Selection 88–18, had the highest crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity, while SJR942-7 had the highest soluble solids. The study shows the importance of genetic background in determining the antioxidant potential in raspberry and the possibility of developing new lines rich in phytochemicals. Key words: Hydrophilic, lipophilic, total antioxidants, TEAC, Trolox, soluble solids

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Zhao, Changming, Yulian Jiang, Mengwei Li, Tiexin Cheng, Wensheng Yang, and Guangdong Zhou. "The effect of NaOH on lowering interfacial tension of oil/alkylbenzene sulfonates solution." RSC Advances 8, no. 11 (2018): 6169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra11287d.

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The increase of NaOH concentration resulted in the compression of the electrical double layer. The distribution of PDABS in the oil phase improved the mutual attraction of lipophilic chains and the close-packed lipophilic groups at the interface.

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Wolfe, Darren, Paul Hester, and Ralph L. Keil. "Volatile Anesthetic Additivity and Specificity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Anesthesiology 89, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199807000-00024.

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Background In animals, combinations of volatile anesthetics are additive for inducing anesthesia. Furthermore, although there is a correlation between lipophilicity and anesthetic potency, not all volatile lipophilic compounds are anesthetic. Previously the authors demonstrated the effects of volatile anesthetics on the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). To further relate anesthetic action in this organism to mammals, anesthetic additivity and effects of volatile, lipophilic nonanesthetics were studied. In addition, yeast pleiotropic drug-resistance (Pdr) mutants, which confer resistance to various lipophilic compounds, were tested to determine if they are involved in anesthetic response. Methods Yeast strains were grown to saturation in liquid culture, diluted, plated on various solid media, incubated, and scored for growth. Results Combinations of volatile anesthetics inhibit growth of wild-type (Zzz+) but not anesthetic-resistant (Zzz-) strains when additive concentrations equal 1 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Two volatile, lipophilic compounds that are nonanesthetic in mammals do not inhibit yeast growth. Zzz- mutants remain sensitive to drugs used to identify yeast PDR genes. Conversely Pdr strains, which are resistant to various lipophilic compounds, remain sensitive to volatile anesthetics. Conclusions Yeast growth is inhibited in an additive manner by volatile anesthetics. Volatile, lipophilic compounds devoid of anesthetic activity in mammals do not inhibit yeast growth. Zzz- mutants appear to be specifically resistant to volatile anesthetics and distinct from known Pdr mutants. These results suggest that volatile anesthetics behave in a parallel manner in yeast and mammals, making yeast a useful model to investigate the molecular effects of these compounds in living cells.

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Özer, Çağla. "Effects of ingredients and cooking time on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different homemade tomato sauces." Food and Health 7, no. 2 (2021): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh21010.

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Tomato is one of the most consumed fruits in the world. Tomato sauce, a tomato product, is one of the mother sauces that has been developed by Escoffier (1846-1935). Nowadays, tomato sauce has been adapted by each country according to their own culinary culture. In the current study four different tomato sauce recipes were investigated in the context of their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Hydrophilic and lipophilic extractions of samples were evaluated separately. It was found that there is a relationship between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in hydrophilic extraction. However, no similar correlation was found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in lipophilic extraction. According to the results, the highest antioxidant activity of both hydrophilic and lipophilic extractions was observed in S1 with the values 25.53±1.01 and 45.48±2.06 respectively. In lipophilic extraction, S2 had the lowest antioxidant activity with 32.77±1.07, because of the lack of the ingredients high in lipophilic antioxidant compounds. It was observed that the shortest cooking time with 10 min provide the highest retention of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in this sauce. Also, antioxidant activity of lipophilic extraction for longer cooking time applied sauces (S4) could be kept high with ingredients such as carrot. It can be suggested that adding of ingredients which have antioxidant activity may be useful for providing bioactive properties in long cooking time procedures and it should be noted that the length of cooking time negatively affected the TPC values.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lipophilie'

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