Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL)'
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Diallo, Devy. "Protéomique des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) : biomarqueurs et applications thérapeutiques." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC131.
Full textDuring this thesis, we aimed of identifying biomarkers and particularly changes in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in a situation of proteolytic, oxidative and bacterial aggression. In the first study, we identified soluble markers resulting from the proteolysis of hemoglobin in carotid atherothrombosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). A peptide with a mass of 3327 Da was characterized by proteomics predominantly in the luminal layer of the AAA thrombus, and in the hemorrhagic area of carotid plaques. This peptide is issued from the proteolysis of the alpha chain of hemoglobin by the action of leukocyte elastase. In the second study, we have shown that the neutrophil activation observed in AAA patients largely contributes to the pro-oxidant state of this pathology and that this environment plays an active role in HDL modification and dysfunction in AAA. Indeed, we have shown the loss of their protective effect on LDL oxidation and on production of reactive oxygen species by smooth muscle cells. A decrease in circulating small HDL fractions (anti-atherogenic) was also observed in AAA patients. In AAA, the chronic neutrophil activation could be linked to the entry of periodontal bacteria in the bloodstream. In the last study, we analyzed modifications of HDL in the pathological context of severe infection: the septic shock. We have shown that besides having very low circulating levels of HDL, small HDL were decreased in favor of large HDL. We also observed in vitro that this phenomenon could result from the binding of bacterial compounds to HDL particles
Martin-Nizard, Françoise. "Homéostasie des lipides cérébraux : rôle des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL)." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10054.
Full textOrsoni, Alexina. "Hypercholestérolémie familiale : contributions athérogènes potentielles de la lipoprotéine(a) et des particules HDL." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066497.
Full textMartinez, Laurent. "Caratérisation et purification de récepteurs hépathiques aux lipoprotéines de haute densité(HDL)." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30071.
Full textVillard, Elise. "Impact de facteurs génétiques et métaboliques sur la fonction et la structure des HDL." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066284.
Full textThe high HDL-C plasma levels observed in CETP-deficient subjects have afforded a rational to the development of pharmacological CETP inhibitors to increase HDL-C and to reduce cardiovascular diseases. However, clinical evaluation of 2 CETP inhibitors (Torcetrapib and Dalcetrapib) revealed that those treatments were surprisingly not able to reduce cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, these molecules induce significant elevation of plasma HDL-C levels and improve HDL efflux capacity, improving large HDL or small HDL particle function. These observations highlight the complexity of HDL function biology, which is modulated by many factors. Thus, my PhD work focused on the modulation of HDL structure and efflux capacity by clinical, genetic and metabolic factors. Furthermore, in the current context of CETP inhibitors failure, it is important to keep in mind the potent atheroprotective functions of CETP; those may be preserved to manage cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, this concept is supported by the contradictory conclusions reached by association studies between CETP and cardiovascular risk. Hence, CETP may have pro and anti-atherogenic functions, which result in either a global benefic or deleterious effect, according to individual metabolic context. Consequently, my PhD project aims to identify the extent of CETP atherogenicity in order to propose a relevant therapeutic strategy to prevent its deleterious effects and broadlier CAD development. My PhD research work affords a better understanding of HDL efflux capacity modulation by genetic and metabolic factors, highlighting that HDL-based therapy could have different effect according to metabolic and genetic context of treated patients. Moreover, as a putative explanation of CETP inhibitor failure, I demonstrated that CETP acts as an anti-atherogenic protein, as it improves plasma efflux capacity from human macrophage and modulates the postprandial inflammatory response
Talussot, Corinne. "Propriétés des lipoprotéines de haute densité : étude de la conformation de l'apolipoprotéine A-I." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1H260.
Full textJaspard, Béatrice. "Lipoprotéines de haute densité et efflux de cholestérol cellulaire : solement et caractérisation des pré-bêta HDL." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30014.
Full textMalaval, Camille. "Régulation de la captation hépatique des HDL : la voie F1-ATPase/P2Y13 : de la caractérisation cellulaire au modèle animal." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/390/.
Full textHDL mediate the elimination of cholesterol thanks to their internalization by hepatocytes. We identified in hepatocytes a new pathway for HDL endocytosis as following: stimulation of an ectopic cell surface F1-ATPase by the HDL apolipoprotein A-I, induces the production of ADP which in turn activates the purinergic receptor P2Y13, triggering HDL endocytosis through unknown low affinity receptor(s). In one hand, we identified a major role of the small GTPase RhoA and its effector ROCK1 downstream P2Y13. This cell signalling stimulates the HDL endocytosis by remodelling actin cytoskeleton. In other hand, the study in mice showed the crucial role of P2Y13 in HDL catabolism and in the subsequent cholesterol biliary elimination. Taking together, these results demonstrate the importance of the receptor P2Y13 in cholesterol metabolism. Thus, P2Y13 appears as a new pharmacological target to control reverse cholesterol transport and prevent hypercholesterolemia
Zerrad-Saadi, Amal. "Stress oxydant et LDL : mécanismes de l'effet protecteur des HDL." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P640.
Full textThe capacité of HDL to protect LDL against oxidative stress is well established. However, mechanisms involved in such activity remain undetermined. Our firts aim was to assess the relationship between physicochemical properties of sub-fractions of LDL and their antiatherogenic in particular antioxidative (AOX) activities. We have demonstrated that HDL3 is depleted in spingomyelin and enriched in spingosine-1-phosphate as compared to HDL2. In addition, HDL3 displayed an elevated ratio of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) to apoAII, and increased activities of HDL-associated enzymes with AOX properties. We have also studied mechanisms involved in the AOX activity of HDL Our data suggest a two-step mechanism involving transfer of phospholipids hydroperoxides (PLOOH) from oxidized LDL to HDL ; this step is influenced by the fluidity of the PL monolayer de HDL, and the reduction of PLOOH to redox-inactive PLOH largely through the action of two methionine residues of apoAI. This study emphasizes the importance of HDL in mitigating potential atherogenecity of LDL
Florens, Nans. "Modifications post-traductionnelles des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) et risque cardio-vasculaire dans l’insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1034.
Full textCardiovascular complications remain the main problem in chronic kidney disease (CKD) but all the reasons of this risk are not fully understood. there is an addition of traditional risk factors and uremia-related ones. Among the latter, the generation of post-translational modifications of HDL could play a role. In this work, we highlighted an excess of carbonylation by 4-HNE onto the protein part of HDL in CKD in a rabbit model of CKD and in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. This carbonylation by 4-HNE is responsible for ablunted anti-aggregant properties of HDL mediated by a CD36-dependant pathway. We also showed that the proteome of HDL from non diabetic hemodialysis patients is deeply modified and that there were several post-translational modifications onto the protein cargo of these HDL. The generation of carboxylate-methyl-lysine from non-enzymatic glycation processes was the main modification in our patients. The origin of such glycation could be from a favorable chemical environment but a potential load from hemodialysis fluids should be addressed
Chetiveaux, Maud. "Nouvelle approche de l'étude cinétique du métabolisme des HDL par marquage endogène de l'Apo A-I par des isotopes stables chez l'homme." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT17VS.
Full textHDL-cholesterol is inversely correlated to the cardiovascular risk. HDL display anti-atherogenic properties in part by promoting cholesterol reverse transport from peripheral tissues to the liver. Kinetic investigations, because of their dynamic properties, are a powerful tool for studying lipoproteins metabolism. Most of kinetic studies have been investigated by using total HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation, technique known to alter HDL subclasses. The aim of this study was to assess the isolation of HDL by FPLC. This technique of gel filtration respects the integrity of lipoproteins and allows the distinction of enrichments of Apo A-I in preβ1 and αHDL from total HDL previously used. A new multi-compartmental model was created, including two distinct compartments of preβ1 and αHDL, which allow the measurement of conversion rate between these lipoproteins. To validate this model, this methodology has been applied to study kinetic disorders of Apo A-I - HDL subclasses metabolism in physiopathology state (type II diabetes) and in physiology state (post prandial study). In type II diabetes, αHDL as well as plasma Apo A-I concentration were decreased because of the increase of protein catabolism. The relative contribution of Apo A-I in preβ1 HDL was significantly increased and was related to an increase of the recycling rate of αHDL to preβ1 HDL. In a second time, the preβ1 and αHDL metabolism has been studied in post prandial state to determine the relative contribution of the intestine in the Apo A-I synthesis. Apo A-I synthesised by the intestine represented 10-20% of the total Apo A-I and was incorporated in HDL after an exchange with triglycerides rich lipoproteins. A direct contribution of the intestine
Gagnon, Katherine. "Impact d'une prise en charge multidisciplinaire sur la fonctionnalité des particules HDL d'adolescents présentant un surplus pondéral." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32567.
Full textLa prévalence de l’obésité chez les enfants et les adolescents a augmenté de façon importante depuis les dernières décennies. Celle-ci peut apporter des conséquences néfastes sur la santé cardiovasculaire et ainsi, entrainer un développement précoce de l’athérosclérose. L’obésité est, entre autres, associée à une diminution des niveaux de cholestérol HDL et à une diminution de la fonctionnalité des particules HDL. Récemment, il a été démontré que la fonctionnalité des particules HDL était inversement associée au risque de maladies coronariennes. Cependant, peu d’études se sont intéressées à ce sujet chez les jeunes. L’objectif principal de ce projet de maîtrise était d’évaluer l’impact d’un programme d’intervention multidisciplinaire sur la fonctionnalité des particules HDL chez l’adolescent obèse. Vingt-neuf adolescents (16 garçons et 13 filles) âgés de 11 à 16 ans ont participé à cette étude. Le but de l’intervention était d’améliorer les habitudes alimentaires et d’augmenter le niveau d’activité physique. Les jeunes ont été suivis par une équipe multidisciplinaire et ont participé à trois séances d’entrainement par semaine, et ce, pendant 16 semaines. Les résultats suggèrent qu’un programme d’intervention multidisciplinaire peut contribuer à améliorer le profil de risque et la capacité d’efflux des particules de cholestérol HDL chez des adolescents obèses. De plus, ils indiquent que les changements dans la capacité d’efflux des particules de cholestérol HDL sont liés aux changements dans les concentrations de cholestérol HDL.
The prevalence of childhood obesity has significantly increased over the past decades. This increased have adverse effects on cardiovascular health, leading to early development of atherosclerosis. Obesity is associated with a reduced HDL cholesterol level and with a decreased efflux capacity of HDL particles. Recently, it has been shown that efflux capacity of HDL particles is inversely associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. However, only few studies have addressed this issue in obese adolescents. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary intervention program on HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) in obese adolescents. Twenty-nine adolescents (16 boys and 13 girls) aged 11 to 16 years were involved in this study. The goal of the intervention was to improve eating habits and increase the level of physical activity. Each youth was followed by a multidisciplinary team and trained three sessions per week for 16 weeks. Results suggest that a multidisciplinary intervention program can help to improve risk profile and HDL CEC in obese adolescents. In addition, results indicate that changes in HDL CEC are related to changes in HDL cholesterol concentrations
Thebault, Claire. "Lipoparticules et lipoprotéines de haute densité : taux sériques de l'apolipoprotéine (apo) AII totale et de la lipoparticule (Lp) AI chez des alcooliques avec ou sans hépatopathie." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23004.
Full textPulcini, Thérèse. "Mécanismes de régulation de l'interconversion des lipoprotéines de haute densité : étude à l'aide d'un marqueur synthétique inéchangeable des HDL." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T058.
Full textMa, Feng. "Clinical Assessment of Anti-Atherogenic Function of HighDensity Lipoprotein (HDL)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS583.
Full textIt has been well established that there is a strong association between low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in human plasma and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Raising HDL-C level was therefore proposed as a therapeutic strategy to decrease CV risk. Indeed, HDL displays multiple atheroprotective functions, including cholesterol efflux capacity as well as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, cytoprotective, anti-infectious and anti-thrombotic activities. However, large-scale clinical trials revealed that drug-induced HDL-C raising did not necessarily reduce CV risk. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization studies reported that genetically determined low HDL-C concentrations did not always translate to increased risk of CVD. Recently, a U-shape dependence between CV disease and HDL-C levels was observed in several large-scale epidemiological studies, linking extremely high HDL-C to elevated CV risk. To overcome the limitations of HDL-C as a CV risk factor, a concept of HDL functionality was developed which resulted in the development of the measurement of cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL as a risk-predicting approach. However, this concept reveals several weaknesses, such as, preservation of tissue cholesterol efflux in patients with genetically low HDL-C. In the circulation, HDL metabolism is intimately linked to that of triglyceride (TG) by various factors, including enzymes, such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and lipid transfer proteins, such as cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). The contribution of circulating TG levels to the elevated risk of CVD was established in multivariate models. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) are thought to contribute to atherosclerosis via their remnant particles produced during lipolysis of TGRLs by LPL. Earlier studies showed that HDL is capable of preventing TGRL remnants from accumulation in the arterial wall. Low HDL-C was therefore proposed to represent a biomarker of elevated levels of TGRL remnants generated by the lipolysis. It is presently unknown whether this association can account for the U-shape relationship between CV risk and HDL-C. In addition, mechanisms underlying the association between HDL-C, TG remnants and CVD remain obscure. In the present study, we propose a hypothesis that in the circulation HDL can acquire lipids, such as free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipid (PL), and proteins from TGRL surface remnants generated during LPL-mediated lipolysis, and subsequently transport them to the liver in a process termed reverse remnant transport (RRT). We further suggest that RRT alterations underlie the relationships between HDL-C and CVD. To assess this hypothesis, we designed a novel in vitro assay evaluating lipid transfers from TGRL to HDL during lipolysis and applied it to several populations of subjects greatly differing in plasma HDL-C levels; mechanisms of surface lipid transfer to HDL were also studied. We observed that HDL, isolated by ultracentrifugation or by apolipoprotein B depletion of plasma, acquired surface lipids, including FC and PL, from TGRL upon LPL-induced lipolysis at 37°C in a time-dependent fashion as revealed by photometry [...]
Couret, David. "Effet protecteur des HDL en phase aiguë d’AVC ischémique en condition d’hyperglycémie." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0034/document.
Full textIschemic stroke is a major public health problem. Currently, available therapies are based on a vascular approach. The advent of mechanical thrombectomy as a routine treatment for stroke exposes the patient to reperfusion injury such as hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Acute hyperglycemia increases this risk. We have developed a relevant and reproducible preclinical model in mice to study the mechanisms of these HT. High density lipoproteins (HDL) are molecular complexes with protective properties. We demonstrated that during the acute phase of stroke, these HDLs become dysfunctional. One of the mechanisms of this alteration is represented by the oxidation of surface proteins including apoA-1 by myeloperoxidase (MPO) released by neutrophils recruited into the ischemic zone. The MPO plasmatic level determination in the acute phase of stroke could be relevant. The injection of HDL has already proved effective in reducing the size of infarct and in the occurrence of HT in murine models of stroke. The hypothesis of a lack of efficiency of HDL in this particular pathological condition leads us to consider an improvement of their functions thanks to their vector property of protective molecules. These HDLs would then be used as a transporter of molecules increasing their neuro- and endothelio-protective potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke
Maiga, Sira. "Rôle de l'apo A-II humaine et des lipides alimentaires dans l'efflux du cholestérol des macrophages et la formation des HDL naissantes." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066525.
Full textCao, Huibi. "La paraoxonase associée aux HDL : polymorphisme génétique et impact sur l'inhibition de la péroxydation des lipoprotéines." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T281.
Full textSaverot-Dauvergne, Agnès. "Modifications des lipoprotèines de haute densité (HDL) d'origine humaine et de leurs sous-classes (HDL2, HDL3) par des liposomes de phosphatidylcholines et de sphingomyélines : analyse biochimique et étude structurale par résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE)." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P619.
Full textEl, Khoury Petra. "Modulation pharmacologique et génétique de la fonctionnalité des particules HDL : Conséquences sur le risque cardiovasculaire et le développement de l'athérosclérose." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066482.
Full textHDL cholesterol as a therapeutic target has been the focus over the past 20 years mainly because its plasma concentrations are inversely correlated with the risk of coronary events. However, recent clinical trials involved the addition of niacin or CETP inhibitors to a statin in patients with CHD who had well controlled LDL-C levels have failed to show evidence of a significant reduction in cardiovascular events. Studies on the capacity of HDL to promote reverse cholesterol transport pathway have suggested that this is a better predictor of prevalent atherosclerotic disease than HDL-C itself. The main purpose of my project was to evaluate the impact of metabolic context, inflammation and genetics on modulation of HDL functionality. I have shown that extended release niacin/laropiprant treatment reduces atherogenic postprandial lipoproteins in patients with metabolic disorders stabilized by statins, having consequences on reverse cholesterol transport pathway and HDL functionality. Moreover, I have shown that infectious diseases such as HIV, induce an alteration in the capacity of HDL particles to stimulate cholesterol efflux from human macrophages. I have also shown that mutations causing high levels of HDL-C, are characterized by the presence of functional HDL in their capacity to stimulate reverse cholesterol pathway. However such patients are not systematically protected against cardiovascular disease highlighting the complex relationship between cholesterol efflux and the prediction of cardiovascular events. Those results point out the relevance of developing therapeutic approaches targeting HDL function and reverse cholesterol transport pathway
Boyer, Marjorie. "Impact d'interventions non pharmacologiques sur les biomarqueurs émergents du risque cardiovasculaire : fonctionnalité des HDL et PCSK9." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32490.
Full textCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world, despite significant progress in the management of traditional CVD risk factors. New biomarkers are emerging, such as the HDL cholesterol efflux capacities (HDL-CEC) that are associated with CVD, independently of HDL cholesterol levels. Another biomarker is proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by degrading the LDL receptor. Little is known about the factors that influence HDLCEC and PCSK9 physiological variation. The overall objective of this thesis is to determine whether improvements in lifestyle and bariatric surgery can influence these biomarkers. To achieve this objective, we have studied three populations at risk: 86 patients with coronary artery disease, 117 men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemic and 69 men and women with severe obesity. The first two cohorts followed a 1-year lifestyle modification program aimed at achieving a minimum of 150 minutes of aerobic physical activity weekly and improving diet quality. We measured HDL-CEC using cell assays in both populations before and after the interventions. The cohort of patients with severe obesity underwent bariatric surgery of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. PCSK9 levels were measured by ELISA in all cohorts, at the beginning and at the end of the interventions. Our results showed that in coronary patients and men with abdominal obesity, the interventions led to minor changes in PCSK9 levels. In contrast, in men with abdominal obesity PCSK9 levels were acutely decreased by a high-fat meal. Bariatric surgery increased PCSK9 concentration in the acute phase, but decreased in the long term. These results suggest that PCSK9 levels could be modified following drastic interventions such as significant weight loss following bariatric surgery. Lifestyle modification program induced significant increases of HDL-CEC in coronary patients and men with abdominal obesity. In addition, improvements in HDLCEC following lifestyle modification interventions were mainly explained by increases in apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol levels. In conclusion, non-pharmacological interventions appear to positively modulate HDL-CEC and modestly influence PCSK9 in populations at high cardiovascular risk, which could partly explain the beneficial impact of these interventions on cardiovascular risk.
Do, Hong Quang. "Régulation du cholestérol HDL : approche génétique et nutritionnelle : intérêt de stérols d'origine marine." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=bfff3c8b-f4f0-40af-8c8d-4a9ea70c3bb1.
Full textEpidemiologic and experimental studies showed that genetic polymorphisms (non modifiable factors) and lifestyle (modifiable factors) could modulate the concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-C and then the individual susceptibility to atherosclerosis, the major cause of death in the developed countries. In our studies, we evaluated 1) the potential associations between the genetic polymorphisms (APOAI, APOE, CETP, PPARA) and the concentrations of HDL-C in 857 individuals free of cardiovascular disease from the PRIME prospective cohort study and 2) the in vitro influence of sterols extracted from sponge (Ciocallypta sp. ) on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. In the PRIME study, we found significant associations between the polymorphism CETP A373P and the concentrations of HDL-C, ApoAI, LpAI and LpAIAII. In fact, the rare allele c was less frequent in the high-HDL-C group. The association disappeared when adjusted for triglycerides. Another positive association has been found between allele 2 of apo E and ApoAI and LpAI. The other polymorphisms are absent in the cohort or have no effect on HDL-C. In the study of the influence of sponge sterols on intestinal absorption of cholesterol, we found that the 24-isopropylcholesterol reduces the absorption of cholesterol and increase the expression of ABCA-1, the carrier playing a major role in cholesterol efflux and in HDL biogenesis. The results highlight the importance of different factors in HDL level determination and in intestinal absorption of cholesterol
Lê, Quang Huy. "Rôle des lipides oxydés dans la régulation de l'activation plaquettaire par les lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) plasmatiques et implication dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10188/document.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a high athero-thrombotic risk, partly due to platelet hyperactivation and dyslipoproteinemia. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) possess antiatherogenic properties and undergo glycoxidation changes in T2D. Our objective was to determine the effects of glycoxidized HDL in vitro or from T2D patients on human blood platelets and to identify their oxidized lipid species. Compared to control HDL, glycoxidized HDL have lower proportions of linoleic and arachidonic acids in phospholipids (PL) and cholesteryl esters, higher concentrations of malondialdehyde and main hydroxylated fatty acid (HOFA) including 9-HODE, 13-HODE and 15-HETE in all lipid classes, especially in PL, and very low concentrations of vitamin E. In vitro glycoxidized and T2D HDL dose-dependently inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen via the SR-BI receptor. Glycoxidized HDL decrease the phosphorylation of platelet p38 MAPK and cPLA2. On the other hand, control HDL enriched with oxidized phospholipids i.e. PC(16:0/13-HODE) strongly inhibit platelet aggregation compared to controls. Moreover, the effects of HDL subclasses, HDL 2 & 3, from T2D patients and healthy controls were tested on platelet aggregation. T2D HDL2 have higher concentrations of HOFA than T2D HDL3 and tend to inhibit platelet aggregation to a greater extent. In conclusion, our results show that T2D glycoxidized HDL do not lose their anti-aggregatingproperties and are even more effective than control HDL. These anti-aggregatory effects could be partly due to some oxidized PL species
Serhan, Nizar. "Impact du récepteur purinergique P2Y13 sur le transport retour du cholestérol et le développement de l'athérosclérose." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3094/.
Full textThe level of High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) is inversely correlated to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The protective effect of HDL is mostly attributed to their metabolic functions in Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT), a process whereby excess cell cholesterol is taken up from peripheral cells and macrophages by the HDL particles, and is later delivered to the liver for elimination by bile excretion. We have previously identified a new pathway for hepatic HDL uptake, involved in RCT. In this pathway, apoA-I, the major protein of HDL, binds an ecto-F1-ATPase leading to ATP hydrolysis into ADP. Extracellular ADP activates the P2Y13 receptor which stimulates in fine HDL uptake through an unknown low affinity receptor, distinct from the classical HDL receptor, SR-BI. In this work, we have investigated on mouse models the physiological relevance of P2Y13 receptor in RCT and atherosclerosis development. In a first part, we have showed that P2Y13 deficient mice fed on chow diet displayed a decrease in hepatic HDL-C uptake and biliary lipids secretions. In these conditions, P2Y13 deficiency was also associated with a strong decrease in RCT, from macrophages to the faeces. Moreover, the same phenotype was found on P2Y13 deficient mice fed on a high cholesterol diet (1. 25%, HCD). Conversely, intravenous bolus injection of cangrelor, a partial agonist of P2Y13, stimulated hepatic HDL uptake and biliary lipids secretions (cholesterol, bile acids and phospholipids) in both wild-type and scavenger receptor class B type I liver deficient mice, with no effect in P2Y13 knockout mice. Furthermore, a long-term chronic treatment with cangrelor, by continuous infusion for 3 days, decreased plasma HDL-C levels as a consequence of increased hepatic HDL uptake. These effects were correlated with an increase in biliary bile acid secretion. In a second part, we have showed that deficiency of P2Y13 in a mice model for atherosclerosis, apoE knockout mice, induced an increase in atherosclerosis development. This result was correlated with a decrease in biliary lipids secretions and excretions into the faeces. Taken together our results suggest that P2Y13 receptor could be a target for therapeutic intervention on HDL ("HDL-Therapies"), aiming to prevent or reduce the development of atherosclerosis
Goux, Aurélie. "NADPH Oxydase et Stress Oxydant au cours de l'Insuffisance Rénale Chronique : modulation par les HDL." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20166/document.
Full textCardiovascular (CV) diseases are the first cause of mortality during chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cannot only be explained by traditional risk factors (age, gender, dyslipidemia, hypertension). Oxidative stress, which has been associated with CKD, appears as a non-traditional risk factor closely interconnected with inflammation and malnutrition.This study aimed at investigating oxidative stress in CV complications in uremic rats. Then, HDL proteomic profile and in vitro functionality of HDL were compared between hemodialyzed (HD) patients and control subjects.First, an animal model of CKD associated with malnutrition, the adenine-fed rats, was set up in order to study CV oxidative stress. NADPH oxidase activity was increased three-fold, but the maximal activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and SOD were not different between groups. Superoxide anion output was associated with accumulation of osteopontin and of pro-collagen type I. In a second part, HDL proteomic study from HD and control subjects was performed to characterize qualitative modifications associated with the decrease in HDL observed in CKD. HDL anti-oxidative activities from these subjects were studied in vitro in a model of copper-induced LDL oxidation and in a cellular model of NADPH oxidase activation. Compared to control, HDL from HD patients failed to protect LDL oxidation. By contrast, HDL modulation of NADPH activity is maintained in HD patients but could be impaired by elevated inflammation.These results suggest that oxidative stress is a key event in cardiac complications during CKD. Among protective endogenous mechanisms, HDL anti-oxidative properties could be impaired in HD patients
Verdier, Céline. "De la souris à l'homme : de l'endocytose des lipoprotéines HDL via la voie de la F1ATPase-P2Y13 aux variants géniques impactant le métabolisme du HDL et leur association au risque cardio-vasculaire." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3074/.
Full textThe atheroprotective properties of HDL particles are mostly attributed to their role in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a process whereby excess cell cholesterol is taken up from the arterial wall and processed into HDL for further uptake and catabolism by the liver. We previously described a new pathway for HDL uptake by hepatocytes: apolipoprotein A-I binding to an ecto-F1-ATPase generates extracellular ADP, which specifically activates the P2Y13 receptor and finally triggers HDL holoparticle uptake (protein and lipid moieties). In the present work, hepatic expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism was analysed in mice, following inactivation or stimulation of P2Y13. Inactivation of P2Y13 was obtained by gene deletion (knock-out) and stimulation of P2Y13 was achieved by using cangrelor, a partial agonist of P2Y13. The importance of P2Y13 receptor in RCT was confirmed since we observed in these conditions that different hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism were modulated. In parallel, the case-control study GENES on coronary stable patients allowed us to link a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs1500588) of hepatic lipase to coronary heart disease in normotriglyceridemic patients. Furthermore, rs3732757 (synonymous mutation, I80i) located in the P2RY13 gene was found associated to a cardioprotective phenotype. Altogether these results confirm the potential physiological relevance of the P2Y13 pathway in HDL metabolism in human
Jaouad, Leila. "Effets de l'âge sur les propriétés antioxydantes des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) et de l'enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) rôle dans le développement de l'athérosclérose." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3810.
Full textTazi, Ahnini Khalid. "Modulation de la croissance des cellules d'adénocarcinome pulmonaire humain A 549 par les lipoprotéines de haute densité : mise en évidence d'un récepteur spécifique aux HDL et phosphorylations protéiques induites." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30118.
Full textMuller, Carole. "Apoptose, stress du réticulum endoplasmique et autophagie induits par les LDL oxydées dans les cellules vasculaires : rôle protecteur des HDL et de chaperones du RE." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1302/.
Full textAtherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by slowly progressive lesion formation in the arteries. The remodeling of the vascular wall is associated with inflammatory reactions, processes of proliferation and cell death. Among pro-atherogenic factors associated with lesion development, low density lipoprotein (LDL) play a key role, by their oxidation in the intima. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are involved in the formation of primary lesions (fatty streaks) and inflammatory and apoptotic properties that could contribute to erosion and plaque rupture at the origin of severe thrombotic disease. Conversely, high density lipoprotein (HDL), have anti-atherogenic properties that could slow the progression of lesions. The oxLDL induce apoptosis of vascular cells, involving deregulation of calcium homeostasis and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER). The current work shows that ER stress and apoptosis are accompanied by an autophagic response that may play a role in cell survival. This work was focused on the role of ER stress and autophagy in apoptosis of vascular cells induced by oxLDL, and the protective effect of HDL. In the first part, we showed that ER stress is involved in apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells HMEC-1, via induction of ER stress specific proapoptotic factor CHOP (C / EBP homologous protein). Indeed, HMEC-1 treated with siRNA specific for CHOP, as well as fibroblasts derived from CHOP-KO mice are resistant to apoptosis induced by oxLDL. Moreover, the apoptotic role of ER stress is characterized by the activation of the IRE1a (inositol requiring kinase 1) / c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Concomitantly with ER stress, we show that oxLDL induce an autophagic response characterized by increased LC3-II form and the induction of Beclin-1. Autophagy may be involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, promoting the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the cell surface. HDLs inhibit the induction of ER stress by oxLDL, blocking the activation of sensors IRE1 and ATF6 (activating transcription factor), as well as the activation of JNK and induction of CHOP. Similarly, HDL block the autophagic response and the PS exposure induced by oxLDL. Activation of ER stress and autophagy by oxLDL depends on a deregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis which is inhibited by HDL. HDL inhibit the oxLDL propapoptotique signaling, probably via inhibition of intracellular oxidative stress. In a second part, we investigated the involvement of a chaperone of the ER, the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in apoptosis induced by oxLDL. The oxLDL induced a progressive inhibition of PDI activity in HMEC-1 and monocytes / macrophages, U937, which could play a role in apoptosis. Indeed, inhibition of PDI by bacitracin or by transfection of a vector encoding a PDI mutated at the site enzyme potentiates the induction of CHOPmRNA and apoptosis induced by oxLDL. The inhibition of PDI by oxLDL depends in part on its modification by lipid peroxidation products present in oxLDL such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) that form adducts on PDI and modify its activity. An antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reverse the inhibitory effect of oxLDL on the enzymatic activity of PDI and prevents apoptosis. Adducts of 4-HNE on PDI were detected in human atherosclerotic plaques suggesting a loss of function of PDI in the lesions
Hardy, Lise. "Identification de nouveaux acteurs du métabolisme des HDL : impact sur les maladies cardiovasculaires Critical role of the human ATP-binding cassette G1 transporter in cardiometabolic diseases A Genome Wide Association Study on plasma FV levels identified PLXDC2 as a new modifier of the coagulation process." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS546.
Full textSince low concentrations of High-Density Lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, HDL are recognized as protective in atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). Indeed, HDL promote lipid efflux from macrophages and other atheroprotective activities. Here, we aimed to identify new factors implicated in the determination of atheroprotective functions of HDL. ATP-Binding Cassette G1 (ABCG1) transporter perform cholesterol, phospholipids or vitamin efflux from peripheral macrophages to HDL. We showed that ABCG1 expression in hepatocytes promoted HDL phospholipid content rearrangement. This HDL remodeling is associated with a better cholesterol efflux capacity and an improvement of their anti-inflammatory properties. Simultaneously, epidemiological studies allow us to identify a novel transcription factor, ZNF471 (Zinc Finger Protein 471). ZNF471 seems to modulate expression and activity of key proteins implicated in lipid metabolism, through epigenetic DNA methylation regulation. We highlighted that ZNF471 expression in hepatocytes increased DNA methylation in CETP (Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein) gene promoter region. As a consequence, CETP gene expression and protein activity were diminished, which raised HDL-C circulating concentrations. We also pointed out that ZNF471 expression stimulated HDL cholesterol efflux capacities. This work allows the identification of novels genetic and epigenetic actors in determining HDL lipoproteins activities. It paves the way for new therapeutic and mechanistic insights on the roles of HDL in ASCVD
Tanaka, Sébastien. "Évaluation fonctionnelle et structurale des HDL plasmatiques au cours des états inflammatoires." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0032.
Full textContext: the main function of HDLs is the reverse transport of cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver, thus conferring a cardiovascular protective role. HDL also DISPLAY other endothelioprotective properties, in particular anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-infectious and antithrombotic effects. During certain states of chronic inflammation, such as atherosclerosis, changes in HDL function and structure have been previously described, which can have negative consequences on morbidity and mortality. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the structural and concentration changes occurring in human sepsis a model of exacerbated acute inflammation. In addition, we tested the effects of injecting human reconstituted HDLs in several experimental sepsis models. Results: first part, by comparing two exacerbated inflammatory conditions, we showed that the plasma HDL concentration was drastically decreased in patients at the acute phase of sepsis while it was not modified in polytrauma patients. A second part focused on comparing patients in septic shock and non-septic ICU patients. We confirmed these differences in HDL concentration. In addition, septic patients had more large HDL particles compared to control patients who had more small functional particles. A kinetic study of HDL concentration in 205 septic ICU patients showed a drastic decrease at the acute phase and then an increase at patient's recovery without returning to the basal concentrations observed before the hospitalization. HDL concentration was associated with certain morbidity criteria (SOFA score, days alive without mechanical ventilation), but no link to mortality was found in this work. A proteomic analysis of plasma from septic patients found a drastic decrease in many apolipoproteins compared to plasma from non-septic patients. Finally, the injection of human reconstituted HDLs in three mouse models of sepsis showed a decrease in mortality, as well as a decrease in many markers of inflammation and bacterial concentrations in both plasma and tissues. Conclusion: during sepsis, there are both quantitative and qualitative modifications of HDLs with a significant decrease in their concentrations, but also increased particle size and changes in the composition of these particles. The quantitative aspect alone does not seem sufficient to predict patient outcomes; evaluation of HDL dysfunction could represent a better biomarker. In addition, injection of functional HDL has proven its effectiveness in several mouce models. Further studies to characterize these dysfunctions are needed before completing a randomized trial evaluating therapeutic injection of HDL during sepsis in patients
Gall, Julie. "Physiopathologie de l'efflux de cholestérol du macrophage humain : relation avec le développement de l'athérosclérose et la mortalité chez des patients à haut risque cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066019.
Full textThe contribution of high-density lipoprotein to cardiovascular benefit is closely linked to its anti-atherogenic role in the cellular cholesterol efflux. The main purpose of my project was to evaluate the efficiency of the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), which is the efflux capacity, on metabolic disorder context, on cardiovascular risk and on mortality. My research has focused on three independent and complementary parts. I have first evaluated the relationship between efflux and its consequences on atherosclerosis development in a metabolic syndrome (MetS) population. I have shown that individual criteria of MetS are closely related synergistically to cholesterol efflux capacity. In addition, established metabolic syndrome and cholesterol efflux capacity were independently associated with clinical features of atherosclerosis. In a second study I identified cholesterol efflux capacity as a predictor of all-cause mortality in consecutive ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated by primary angioplasty, independent of HDL-C, traditional cardiovascular risks or cardiac risk factors. Finally I have evaluated the consequences of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia on the functionality of key steps of RCT and associated anti-inflammatory components. My work has shown that the physiological postprandial hypertriglyceridemia response is not accompanied by a major alteration in the efficiency of RCT or systemic inflammation, on individual without metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, I have confirmed the crucial role of the first step of reverse cholesterol transport in preventing the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality
Syeda, Farisa. "Capacité du plasma à promouvoir l'efflux du cholestérol cellulaire en période postprandiale chez l'homme normolipidémique sous régimes contrôlés : rôle des acides gras alimentaires, des enzymes de transfert des lipides et des lipoprotéines plasmatiques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112339.
Full textDietary lipids are able to affect fasting and postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in a significant way, thereby modifying the risk of cardiovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aims of the present study were firstly to evaluate in normolipidemic healthy men, the qualitative effect of dietary fatty acids on fasting and postprandial lipid parameters, in order to define an optimal range of monounsaturated fat supply and secondly to determine the role of postprandial lipoprotein modifications in the mechanisms involved in the reverse cholesterol transport. Our results showed that in conditions of balanced and stabilized dietary fat supply comprising 11% to 16% monounsaturated, associated with 5-6% polyunsaturated fatty acids ( of total energy intake),plasma lipid parameters
Lottin, Hélène. "Proteine de transfert des esters de cholesterol (cetp) et mouvements des lipides neutres entre lipoproteines de haute et basse densite : role des enzymes lipolytiques affectant les hdl." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0508.
Full textEspinosa, Delgado Sara. "Contribution respective des récepteurs P2Y13 et SR-BI dans le métabolisme du HDL-C et le développement de l'athérosclérose." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30053.
Full textThe atheroprotective effect of High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) is mostly attributed to their central role in Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT), a process whereby excess cholesterol is taken up from peripheral cells to be processed into HDL particles, then later delivered to the liver where it is preferentially secreted into the bile, either as free cholesterol or after transformation into bile acids, to be further excreted into the feces. Two independent pathways have been identified as being involved in the hepatic HDL uptake. The first one involves the ecto-F1-ATPase/P2Y13 pathway. Briefly, apoA-I (main HDL apolipoprotein) binds to the F1-ATPase expressed ectopically at the surface of the hepatocyte (ecto-F1-ATPase) and stimulates hydrolysis of extracellular ATP into ADP. The generated ADP selectively activates the purinergic receptor P2Y13 resulting in subsequent endocytosis of the HDL-holoparticle (i.e. protein and lipid moieties) through a low-affinity binding site distinct from SR-BI. Mice deficient for P2Y13 display decreased biliary lipids secretion associated to an impaired macrophage-to-feces RCT when fed a Chow Diet (CD), phenotype emphasized when fed a High Cholesterol Diet (HCD). Differently, the SR-BI pathway mediates selective HDL-cholesteryl ester uptake by the liver. Mice with liver-specific SR-BI deficiency (SR-BI-KOliver) display a hypercholesterolemia mainly due to an increase on HDL-C and develop atherosclerosis when fed a HCD. In a recent study, we showed that P2Y13 extinction in the pro-atherogenic mouse model apoE-KO resulted in an increase of atherosclerotic plaque development associated to a decreased biliary lipid secretion and macrophage-to-feces RCT. Moreover, in these mice, mRNA and protein level of hepatic SR-BI were consistently increased as compared to apoE KO mice, suggesting that a possible compensatory mechanism might exist between P2Y13 and SR-BI receptors. My thesis aimed to study the respective contribution of P2Y13 and hepatic SR-BI in HDL-C metabolism and atherosclerosis development. We crossbred P2Y13 KO with SR-BI KOliver mice and obtained double knockout mice (P2Y13 x SR-BIliver dKO). The phenotype of dKO mice was analysed with regards to HDL-C metabolism either on CD or after 20 weeks of HCD, and to atherosclerosis development on HCD. When fed a CD, dKO mice, showed an increase in plasma cholesterol compared to WT mice similar to that observed in SR-BI KOliver mice, mainly due to an increase in HDL-C. DKO, but not SR-BI KOliver mice, showed impaired biliary lipid secretion to the same extent than P2Y13 KO mice. HCD accentuated the metabolic phenotype of dKO mice, with an increase in atherosclerotic lipid lesions in dKO mice compared to SR-BI KOliver mice. The phenotypic features of P2Y13 x SR-BIliver dKO mice show that hepatic extinction of SR-BI essentially contributes to an increase of HDL-C levels. Conversely, P2Y13 extinction does not induce any change in plasma lipoprotein levels but mainly contributes to a decrease of hepato-biliary cholesterol secretions, which translates into an increased atherosclerosis development, on top of SR-BI hepatic extinction. These results support the concept that the dynamic flux of cholesterol transported by HDL from macrophage foam cells to the liver for further bile secretion is essential for athero-protection rather than steady-state HDL-C concentration. In the future of HDL-therapies, P2Y13 receptor activation constitutes an interesting therapeutic approach against atherosclerosis development
Cardouat, Guillaume. "Rôle de l’autophagie et du métabolisme nucléotidique extracellulaire dans la régulation de la voie ecto-F1-ATPase d’endocytose des HDL." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30215.
Full textThe cardioprotective effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is mostly attributed to their metabolic functions in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a process whereby excess cell cholesterol is taken up from peripheral cells and processed in HDL particles, and later delivered to the liver for further metabolism and bile excretion. ATP synthase, classically known to be located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, has been unexpectedly found expressed at the plasma membrane of hepatocytes, as a receptor for apoA-I, playing a role in HDL-cholesterol uptake. On hepatocytes, apoA-I binding to ecto-F1-ATPase stimulates extracellular ATP hydrolysis into ADP, which subsequently activates a P2Y13-mediated HDL endocytosis pathway. The strict dependence of HDL endocytosis on extracellular ADP level led us to study first, whether other plasma membrane proteins than ecto-F1-ATPase could regulate extracellular ADP level. We highlighted the presence on hepatocytes cell surface of Adenine Nucleotide Translocase (ANT), another transmembrane protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We showed that ecto-ANT activity could increase or reduce extracellular ADP level, depending on the extracellular ADP/ATP ratio. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of ecto-ANT activity increased extracellular ADP level when ecto-F1-ATPase was activated by apoA-I. This increase in the bioavailability of extracellular ADP accordingly translated into an increase of HDL endocytosis in human hepatocytes. We then sought to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in targeting ecto-F1-ATPase to the plasma membrane. Indeed, F1-ATPase ectopic expression at the plasma membrane has been described on several cell types and has been related to several physiological and pathophysiological processes however, the pathway involved in its transport to the cell surface remains unknown
Hessamfar-Joseph, Mojgan. "Cholestérol, fonctions cognitives et démence chez le sujet âgé : résultats d'une analyse transversale à partir de l'étude Paquid." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23024.
Full textLaureaux, Chantal. "Enrichissement en alpha-tocophérol des lipoprotéines de haute densité (1,063." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P614.
Full textPatrier, Laure. "Stratification du risque cardio-vasculaire en insuffisance rénale chronique : place des biomarqueurs émergents." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20227.
Full textBACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem because of its increasing prevalence. Despite care improvements, the mortality rate remains higher compared to general population. Among causes of death, cardiovascular diseases with multifactorial origins (enlargement and hypertrophy of arteries, atherosclerosis, vascular and valvular calcifications) are in the foreground. Besides the traditional risk factors, non-traditional factors associated with metabolic disorders in CKD were bring out, such as inflammation, malnutrition, oxidative stress, mineral and bone disorder. A better knowledge of vasculopathy physiopathology in CKD allows the emergence of new biomarkers to stratify cardiovascular risk in CKD.AIMS-METHODOLOGY: We performed a biochemical approach to explore three components of cardiovascular risk in CKD: oxidative stress, qualitative alterations of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and mineral and bone disorder.RESULTS: In a first publication, the superoxide anion production, according to the stage of CKD, was assessed using a chemiluminescence method. While the overproduction of reactive oxygen species is well known at the 5d stage of CKD and may be related to the dialysis procedure, there are few data in the early stages. Our study included 136 non-dialysis patients at stages 1 to 5 of CKD. Results showed an enhanced superoxide production at the pre-dialysis phase, stages 4 and 5 of CKD. Reduced glomerular filtration rate (MDRD <30 ml / min / 1.73m2), inflammation (fibrinogène≥3.7g / l) and abnormal levels of HDL (<1.42mM and ≥1.75mM) appears as main determinants of oxidative stress in non-dialysis CKD patients.While in general population, a low HDL rate is recognized as an important risk factor, we showed (publication 1) that abnormal levels of HDL, low as high, were independently associated with oxidative stress in CKD subjects. In a second publication, we have defined the HDL composition based on qualitative changes in the structure of proteins associated with lipoproteins. A proteomic study was performed in 7 patients on hemodialysis versus 7 healthy subjects. We found 40 proteins differently expressed on the 122 identified, including apoCII, apoCIII which are significantly increased and transferrin lowered. These proteins are involved in many functions such as inflammatory response, complement activation, regulation of lipoprotein oxidation and homeostasis cations. In a third publication, the removal of FGF23, phosphatonin involved in mineral and bone metabolism, was studied in chronic hemodialysis according to the dialysis techniques (high flux hemodialysis (HD) versus on line hemodiafiltration (OL- HDF)). Our study included 53 patients in the HD group and 32 patients in the OL-HDF group. In both groups the rate of FGF23 in post-dialysis was significantly lower than in pre-dialysis. However, rate of reduction, clearance and KT / V of FGF23 were significantly lower in the OL-HDF group.CONCLUSION-PROSPECTS: In the IRC, with the appearance of non traditional risk-factors, new biomarkers have emerged in the stratification of cardiovascular risk. These biomarkers can become bioactors and represent novel targets of action and prevention in the cardiovascular disease in CKD. The complexity of the involved physiopatholological mechanisms, leads us to propose multimarkers approaches. Currently bioclinical studies continue with the constitution of regional cohorts of patients at stages 1 to 5 of CKD and incident dialysis
Ghalim, Norddine. "Analyse qualitative et quantitative des particules lipoprotéiques humaines Lp AI,Lp AI:AII et Lp AIV." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10179.
Full textHussein, Hala. "Activité anti-athérogène des lipoprotéines de haute densité dans les maladies métaboliques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066046.
Full textBentéjac, Marc. "Etude du métabolisme des sphingomyélines des lipoprotéines de haute densité chez le rat." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS015.
Full textDemoor, Ludovic. "Conception d'un modèle synthétique d'apolipoprotéine : application à l'étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques d'un domaine de l'apolipoprotéine A-I." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10109.
Full textMarques-Vidal, Pedro. "Rôle de la triglycéride lipase hépatique dans le catabolisme des lipoprotéines de haute densité." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30238.
Full textElchebly, Mounib. "Transfert des lipides entre les lipoprotéines, chez les diabétiques non insulino-dépendants : influence des protéines de transfert et des propriétés physico-chimiques des lipoprotéines." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T025.
Full textPontou-Lombard, Elise. "Evaluation du statut oxydatif et inflammatoire : développement analytique et application en biologie clinique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20705.
Full textHigh-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have cardiovascular benefits. One of the mechanisms involves the inhibition by HDLs of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. We examined the effects of either the apolipoprotein A-I and the anionic peptide factor (APF) in the presence or absence of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), or the free PCs, on the expression of VCAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The HUVEC were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α or the calcium bound to heparin. The main result indicates that APF administrated at physiological concentration in the lipid-free form or into apolipoprotein/PCs complexes appears as a relevant factor involved in the inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. Our study provides a perspective of an antiatherogenic strategy, through the expansion of the APF-enriched HDL in order to alleviate the inflammatory process. To evaluate the status of oxidative stress in patients, we aimed to developp a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum HNE, MDA and Hexanal-modified albumin, and to test different commercial kits. Reproducible standard curves were obtained but assays with serum of patients have not been completed due to an inhibitory effect on the reaction by serum. We show that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) antibodies and matrix Gla protein in clinical cardiovascular disease give diverging results. Comparative studies of the different kit assays of oxLDL are needed to assess which oxidation-specific epitopes are most predictive of cardiovascular disease. Peroxides, paraoxonase 1 activity (PON1) and the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte plasmic membrane phospholipids appear as a relevant biological markers to evaluate oxidative stress. We believe that this work will be helpful for the assessment of oxidative stress in patients, and that biomarkers like PON1 and peroxides could be integrated into routine clinical laboratory analyses
Garcia, Anne. "Interaction des lipoprotéines de haute densité avec des cellules d'hépatome humain HEPG2. Etude des mécanismes d'endocytose." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30025.
Full textRobbesyn, Fanny. "Effet protecteur des lipoprotéines de haute densité contre la signalisation des lipoprotéines de basse densité oxydées : étude du facteur de transcription Nuclear Factor-kappaB et du récepteur à l'epidermal growth factor." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30083.
Full textDumont, Geneviève. "Étude de la composition des particules des lipoprotéines de faible densité et des déterminants de leur taille." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25376/25376.pdf.
Full textGomes, Véronique. "Structure et propriétés interactives de l'antigène variable de Trypanosoma brucei brucei." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10050.
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