Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lipoprotéines de haute densité – Métabolisme'
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Bentéjac, Marc. "Etude du métabolisme des sphingomyélines des lipoprotéines de haute densité chez le rat." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS015.
Full textMarques-Vidal, Pedro. "Rôle de la triglycéride lipase hépatique dans le catabolisme des lipoprotéines de haute densité." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30238.
Full textBroussaud, Sébastien. "Evaluation du cholestérol dans deux lipoprotéines athérogènes : les LDL [low density lipoprotéins] et la Lp(a) [lipoprotéine a]." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P012.
Full textAttia, Nebil. "Métabolisme postprandial des lipoprotéines chez le sujet diabétique non insulino-dépendant." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077159.
Full textMalaval, Camille. "Régulation de la captation hépatique des HDL : la voie F1-ATPase/P2Y13 : de la caractérisation cellulaire au modèle animal." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/390/.
Full textHDL mediate the elimination of cholesterol thanks to their internalization by hepatocytes. We identified in hepatocytes a new pathway for HDL endocytosis as following: stimulation of an ectopic cell surface F1-ATPase by the HDL apolipoprotein A-I, induces the production of ADP which in turn activates the purinergic receptor P2Y13, triggering HDL endocytosis through unknown low affinity receptor(s). In one hand, we identified a major role of the small GTPase RhoA and its effector ROCK1 downstream P2Y13. This cell signalling stimulates the HDL endocytosis by remodelling actin cytoskeleton. In other hand, the study in mice showed the crucial role of P2Y13 in HDL catabolism and in the subsequent cholesterol biliary elimination. Taking together, these results demonstrate the importance of the receptor P2Y13 in cholesterol metabolism. Thus, P2Y13 appears as a new pharmacological target to control reverse cholesterol transport and prevent hypercholesterolemia
Chetiveaux, Maud. "Nouvelle approche de l'étude cinétique du métabolisme des HDL par marquage endogène de l'Apo A-I par des isotopes stables chez l'homme." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT17VS.
Full textHDL-cholesterol is inversely correlated to the cardiovascular risk. HDL display anti-atherogenic properties in part by promoting cholesterol reverse transport from peripheral tissues to the liver. Kinetic investigations, because of their dynamic properties, are a powerful tool for studying lipoproteins metabolism. Most of kinetic studies have been investigated by using total HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation, technique known to alter HDL subclasses. The aim of this study was to assess the isolation of HDL by FPLC. This technique of gel filtration respects the integrity of lipoproteins and allows the distinction of enrichments of Apo A-I in preβ1 and αHDL from total HDL previously used. A new multi-compartmental model was created, including two distinct compartments of preβ1 and αHDL, which allow the measurement of conversion rate between these lipoproteins. To validate this model, this methodology has been applied to study kinetic disorders of Apo A-I - HDL subclasses metabolism in physiopathology state (type II diabetes) and in physiology state (post prandial study). In type II diabetes, αHDL as well as plasma Apo A-I concentration were decreased because of the increase of protein catabolism. The relative contribution of Apo A-I in preβ1 HDL was significantly increased and was related to an increase of the recycling rate of αHDL to preβ1 HDL. In a second time, the preβ1 and αHDL metabolism has been studied in post prandial state to determine the relative contribution of the intestine in the Apo A-I synthesis. Apo A-I synthesised by the intestine represented 10-20% of the total Apo A-I and was incorporated in HDL after an exchange with triglycerides rich lipoproteins. A direct contribution of the intestine
Arsenault, Benoit. "Facteurs de risque en émergence des maladies cardiovasculaires : de l'épidémiologie au métabolisme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20958.
Full textDepuis les cinquante dernières années, les maladies cardiovasculaires (MeV) représentent la principale cause de décès dans la plupart des pays industrialisés. Malgré le fait que la compréhension des mécanismes sousj acents à ces pathologies, tout comme la qualité du traitement offert aux individus à haut risque de Mev ne cessent de s'améliorer, la morbidité cardiovasculaire diminue très peu et tend même à augmenter dans certaines populations. Plusieurs ont démontré que l'augmentation de la prévalence de l'obésité (particulièrement de l'obésité abdominale) et de la sédentarité pourrait, en partie, expliquer cette observation lourde de conséquences pour les systèmes de santé à travers le globe. Il est maintenant bien reconnu qu'une accumulation de tissu adipeux intra-abdominal ou viscéral est associée à plusieurs complications ± cardiométaboliques¿ qui augmentent le risque de MeV. Parmi ces complications, on retrouve entre autres une perturbation du métabolisme des lipoprotéines et des lipides, un état pro-inflammatoire et une perturbation de l'homéostasie du glucose et de l'insuline. Il est maintenantreconnu que les individus avec obésité viscérale sont caractérisés par de petites particules LDL et HDL. Les travaux de ce présent projet de doctorat ont permis de démonter que les hommes et les femmes caractérisés par ce phénotype ont un risque élevé de Mev. Par ailleurs, nous avons démontré que la sédentarité et l'ob.ésité abdominale augmentent le risque de MeV dans une vaste étude de population européenne. Nous avons également soumis l'hypothèse qu'un profil inflammatoire détérioré pouvait représenter un lien entre ces phénotypes et le risque de Mev. En conclusion, le présent projet de doctorat a démontré qu'au-delà des facteurs de risque traditionnels de MeV, plusieurs facteurs/marqueurs de risque ± en émergence¿ pourraient être utiles afin de raffiner la prédiction du risque de Mev en prévention primaire. Les prochains outils cliniques permettant l'estimation du risque de Mev devront prendre en considération certaines complications associées à l' obésité abdominale.
Plourde, Mélanie. "Étude des effets physiologiques des acides alpha-linoléniques conjugués." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23554/23554.pdf.
Full textFlorens, Nans. "Modifications post-traductionnelles des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) et risque cardio-vasculaire dans l’insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1034.
Full textCardiovascular complications remain the main problem in chronic kidney disease (CKD) but all the reasons of this risk are not fully understood. there is an addition of traditional risk factors and uremia-related ones. Among the latter, the generation of post-translational modifications of HDL could play a role. In this work, we highlighted an excess of carbonylation by 4-HNE onto the protein part of HDL in CKD in a rabbit model of CKD and in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. This carbonylation by 4-HNE is responsible for ablunted anti-aggregant properties of HDL mediated by a CD36-dependant pathway. We also showed that the proteome of HDL from non diabetic hemodialysis patients is deeply modified and that there were several post-translational modifications onto the protein cargo of these HDL. The generation of carboxylate-methyl-lysine from non-enzymatic glycation processes was the main modification in our patients. The origin of such glycation could be from a favorable chemical environment but a potential load from hemodialysis fluids should be addressed
Serhan, Nizar. "Impact du récepteur purinergique P2Y13 sur le transport retour du cholestérol et le développement de l'athérosclérose." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3094/.
Full textThe level of High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) is inversely correlated to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The protective effect of HDL is mostly attributed to their metabolic functions in Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT), a process whereby excess cell cholesterol is taken up from peripheral cells and macrophages by the HDL particles, and is later delivered to the liver for elimination by bile excretion. We have previously identified a new pathway for hepatic HDL uptake, involved in RCT. In this pathway, apoA-I, the major protein of HDL, binds an ecto-F1-ATPase leading to ATP hydrolysis into ADP. Extracellular ADP activates the P2Y13 receptor which stimulates in fine HDL uptake through an unknown low affinity receptor, distinct from the classical HDL receptor, SR-BI. In this work, we have investigated on mouse models the physiological relevance of P2Y13 receptor in RCT and atherosclerosis development. In a first part, we have showed that P2Y13 deficient mice fed on chow diet displayed a decrease in hepatic HDL-C uptake and biliary lipids secretions. In these conditions, P2Y13 deficiency was also associated with a strong decrease in RCT, from macrophages to the faeces. Moreover, the same phenotype was found on P2Y13 deficient mice fed on a high cholesterol diet (1. 25%, HCD). Conversely, intravenous bolus injection of cangrelor, a partial agonist of P2Y13, stimulated hepatic HDL uptake and biliary lipids secretions (cholesterol, bile acids and phospholipids) in both wild-type and scavenger receptor class B type I liver deficient mice, with no effect in P2Y13 knockout mice. Furthermore, a long-term chronic treatment with cangrelor, by continuous infusion for 3 days, decreased plasma HDL-C levels as a consequence of increased hepatic HDL uptake. These effects were correlated with an increase in biliary bile acid secretion. In a second part, we have showed that deficiency of P2Y13 in a mice model for atherosclerosis, apoE knockout mice, induced an increase in atherosclerosis development. This result was correlated with a decrease in biliary lipids secretions and excretions into the faeces. Taken together our results suggest that P2Y13 receptor could be a target for therapeutic intervention on HDL ("HDL-Therapies"), aiming to prevent or reduce the development of atherosclerosis
Gesquière, Laurence. "Influence des radicaux libres sur le métabolisme des lipoprotéines en relation avec l'homéostasie du cholestérol de cellules en culture." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOMU01.
Full textChagué, Cécile. "Maladie du greffon contre l'hôte aigüe (GVHa) : impact des lipopolysaccharides circulants et place du métabolisme des lipoprotéines pour leur neutralisation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE022.
Full textAcute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are described as critical triggers of antigen-presenting cell (APC) priming, cytokine release and intestinal mucosal damage sustainment. We hypothesize that modulating the reverse LPS transport (RLT) is a potential approach to mitigate aGVHD through the disruption of the inflammatory cascade initiated by LPS signaling. The RLT is a counterpart of reverse cholesterol transport in which lipophilic substances are integrated into high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for liver clearance.Using validated AHCT mouse models, we have confirmed the systemic LPS exposure by an innovative technique based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and investigated the role of RLT by modulating several effectors or potential regulators. Our major findings show that:i) In the complete absence of circulating HDL (i.e. in ApoA1tm1Unc knock-out mice), recipient mice experienced a more severe GVHD associated with an increased APC maturation and type 1 T cell responses in the spleen and the liver.ii) The level of circulating HDL is collapsed in GVHD mice but could be corrected by repeated intravenous infusion of HDL isolated from human plasma. The restoration of HDL pool leads to an increased survival and a decreased GVHD severity. Furthermore, HDL infusion reduces the concentration of circulating and biliary LPS, the capacity of splenocytes to sustain alloreactive responses and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by liver APC (namely, Küpffer cells and non-resident macrophages).Taken together, these results suggest that HDL infusion may be a potential prophylactic approach for aGVHD
Autran, Delphine. "Altérations de l'efflux de cholestérol cellulaire en phase postprandiale lors des états d'insulino-résistance." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T245.
Full textBadiou, Stéphanie. "Dyslipidémie chez le sujet infecté par le virus de l'immuno-déficience humaine : caractérisation, influence des traitements antirétroviraux et approche thérapeutique." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13512.
Full textHardy, Lise. "Identification de nouveaux acteurs du métabolisme des HDL : impact sur les maladies cardiovasculaires Critical role of the human ATP-binding cassette G1 transporter in cardiometabolic diseases A Genome Wide Association Study on plasma FV levels identified PLXDC2 as a new modifier of the coagulation process." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS546.
Full textSince low concentrations of High-Density Lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, HDL are recognized as protective in atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). Indeed, HDL promote lipid efflux from macrophages and other atheroprotective activities. Here, we aimed to identify new factors implicated in the determination of atheroprotective functions of HDL. ATP-Binding Cassette G1 (ABCG1) transporter perform cholesterol, phospholipids or vitamin efflux from peripheral macrophages to HDL. We showed that ABCG1 expression in hepatocytes promoted HDL phospholipid content rearrangement. This HDL remodeling is associated with a better cholesterol efflux capacity and an improvement of their anti-inflammatory properties. Simultaneously, epidemiological studies allow us to identify a novel transcription factor, ZNF471 (Zinc Finger Protein 471). ZNF471 seems to modulate expression and activity of key proteins implicated in lipid metabolism, through epigenetic DNA methylation regulation. We highlighted that ZNF471 expression in hepatocytes increased DNA methylation in CETP (Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein) gene promoter region. As a consequence, CETP gene expression and protein activity were diminished, which raised HDL-C circulating concentrations. We also pointed out that ZNF471 expression stimulated HDL cholesterol efflux capacities. This work allows the identification of novels genetic and epigenetic actors in determining HDL lipoproteins activities. It paves the way for new therapeutic and mechanistic insights on the roles of HDL in ASCVD
Do, Hong Quang. "Régulation du cholestérol HDL : approche génétique et nutritionnelle : intérêt de stérols d'origine marine." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=bfff3c8b-f4f0-40af-8c8d-4a9ea70c3bb1.
Full textEpidemiologic and experimental studies showed that genetic polymorphisms (non modifiable factors) and lifestyle (modifiable factors) could modulate the concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-C and then the individual susceptibility to atherosclerosis, the major cause of death in the developed countries. In our studies, we evaluated 1) the potential associations between the genetic polymorphisms (APOAI, APOE, CETP, PPARA) and the concentrations of HDL-C in 857 individuals free of cardiovascular disease from the PRIME prospective cohort study and 2) the in vitro influence of sterols extracted from sponge (Ciocallypta sp. ) on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. In the PRIME study, we found significant associations between the polymorphism CETP A373P and the concentrations of HDL-C, ApoAI, LpAI and LpAIAII. In fact, the rare allele c was less frequent in the high-HDL-C group. The association disappeared when adjusted for triglycerides. Another positive association has been found between allele 2 of apo E and ApoAI and LpAI. The other polymorphisms are absent in the cohort or have no effect on HDL-C. In the study of the influence of sponge sterols on intestinal absorption of cholesterol, we found that the 24-isopropylcholesterol reduces the absorption of cholesterol and increase the expression of ABCA-1, the carrier playing a major role in cholesterol efflux and in HDL biogenesis. The results highlight the importance of different factors in HDL level determination and in intestinal absorption of cholesterol
Verdier, Céline. "De la souris à l'homme : de l'endocytose des lipoprotéines HDL via la voie de la F1ATPase-P2Y13 aux variants géniques impactant le métabolisme du HDL et leur association au risque cardio-vasculaire." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3074/.
Full textThe atheroprotective properties of HDL particles are mostly attributed to their role in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a process whereby excess cell cholesterol is taken up from the arterial wall and processed into HDL for further uptake and catabolism by the liver. We previously described a new pathway for HDL uptake by hepatocytes: apolipoprotein A-I binding to an ecto-F1-ATPase generates extracellular ADP, which specifically activates the P2Y13 receptor and finally triggers HDL holoparticle uptake (protein and lipid moieties). In the present work, hepatic expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism was analysed in mice, following inactivation or stimulation of P2Y13. Inactivation of P2Y13 was obtained by gene deletion (knock-out) and stimulation of P2Y13 was achieved by using cangrelor, a partial agonist of P2Y13. The importance of P2Y13 receptor in RCT was confirmed since we observed in these conditions that different hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism were modulated. In parallel, the case-control study GENES on coronary stable patients allowed us to link a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs1500588) of hepatic lipase to coronary heart disease in normotriglyceridemic patients. Furthermore, rs3732757 (synonymous mutation, I80i) located in the P2RY13 gene was found associated to a cardioprotective phenotype. Altogether these results confirm the potential physiological relevance of the P2Y13 pathway in HDL metabolism in human
Syeda, Farisa. "Capacité du plasma à promouvoir l'efflux du cholestérol cellulaire en période postprandiale chez l'homme normolipidémique sous régimes contrôlés : rôle des acides gras alimentaires, des enzymes de transfert des lipides et des lipoprotéines plasmatiques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112339.
Full textDietary lipids are able to affect fasting and postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in a significant way, thereby modifying the risk of cardiovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aims of the present study were firstly to evaluate in normolipidemic healthy men, the qualitative effect of dietary fatty acids on fasting and postprandial lipid parameters, in order to define an optimal range of monounsaturated fat supply and secondly to determine the role of postprandial lipoprotein modifications in the mechanisms involved in the reverse cholesterol transport. Our results showed that in conditions of balanced and stabilized dietary fat supply comprising 11% to 16% monounsaturated, associated with 5-6% polyunsaturated fatty acids ( of total energy intake),plasma lipid parameters
Lottin, Hélène. "Proteine de transfert des esters de cholesterol (cetp) et mouvements des lipides neutres entre lipoproteines de haute et basse densite : role des enzymes lipolytiques affectant les hdl." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0508.
Full textHessamfar-Joseph, Mojgan. "Cholestérol, fonctions cognitives et démence chez le sujet âgé : résultats d'une analyse transversale à partir de l'étude Paquid." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23024.
Full textEspinosa, Delgado Sara. "Contribution respective des récepteurs P2Y13 et SR-BI dans le métabolisme du HDL-C et le développement de l'athérosclérose." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30053.
Full textThe atheroprotective effect of High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) is mostly attributed to their central role in Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT), a process whereby excess cholesterol is taken up from peripheral cells to be processed into HDL particles, then later delivered to the liver where it is preferentially secreted into the bile, either as free cholesterol or after transformation into bile acids, to be further excreted into the feces. Two independent pathways have been identified as being involved in the hepatic HDL uptake. The first one involves the ecto-F1-ATPase/P2Y13 pathway. Briefly, apoA-I (main HDL apolipoprotein) binds to the F1-ATPase expressed ectopically at the surface of the hepatocyte (ecto-F1-ATPase) and stimulates hydrolysis of extracellular ATP into ADP. The generated ADP selectively activates the purinergic receptor P2Y13 resulting in subsequent endocytosis of the HDL-holoparticle (i.e. protein and lipid moieties) through a low-affinity binding site distinct from SR-BI. Mice deficient for P2Y13 display decreased biliary lipids secretion associated to an impaired macrophage-to-feces RCT when fed a Chow Diet (CD), phenotype emphasized when fed a High Cholesterol Diet (HCD). Differently, the SR-BI pathway mediates selective HDL-cholesteryl ester uptake by the liver. Mice with liver-specific SR-BI deficiency (SR-BI-KOliver) display a hypercholesterolemia mainly due to an increase on HDL-C and develop atherosclerosis when fed a HCD. In a recent study, we showed that P2Y13 extinction in the pro-atherogenic mouse model apoE-KO resulted in an increase of atherosclerotic plaque development associated to a decreased biliary lipid secretion and macrophage-to-feces RCT. Moreover, in these mice, mRNA and protein level of hepatic SR-BI were consistently increased as compared to apoE KO mice, suggesting that a possible compensatory mechanism might exist between P2Y13 and SR-BI receptors. My thesis aimed to study the respective contribution of P2Y13 and hepatic SR-BI in HDL-C metabolism and atherosclerosis development. We crossbred P2Y13 KO with SR-BI KOliver mice and obtained double knockout mice (P2Y13 x SR-BIliver dKO). The phenotype of dKO mice was analysed with regards to HDL-C metabolism either on CD or after 20 weeks of HCD, and to atherosclerosis development on HCD. When fed a CD, dKO mice, showed an increase in plasma cholesterol compared to WT mice similar to that observed in SR-BI KOliver mice, mainly due to an increase in HDL-C. DKO, but not SR-BI KOliver mice, showed impaired biliary lipid secretion to the same extent than P2Y13 KO mice. HCD accentuated the metabolic phenotype of dKO mice, with an increase in atherosclerotic lipid lesions in dKO mice compared to SR-BI KOliver mice. The phenotypic features of P2Y13 x SR-BIliver dKO mice show that hepatic extinction of SR-BI essentially contributes to an increase of HDL-C levels. Conversely, P2Y13 extinction does not induce any change in plasma lipoprotein levels but mainly contributes to a decrease of hepato-biliary cholesterol secretions, which translates into an increased atherosclerosis development, on top of SR-BI hepatic extinction. These results support the concept that the dynamic flux of cholesterol transported by HDL from macrophage foam cells to the liver for further bile secretion is essential for athero-protection rather than steady-state HDL-C concentration. In the future of HDL-therapies, P2Y13 receptor activation constitutes an interesting therapeutic approach against atherosclerosis development
Cardouat, Guillaume. "Rôle de l’autophagie et du métabolisme nucléotidique extracellulaire dans la régulation de la voie ecto-F1-ATPase d’endocytose des HDL." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30215.
Full textThe cardioprotective effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is mostly attributed to their metabolic functions in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a process whereby excess cell cholesterol is taken up from peripheral cells and processed in HDL particles, and later delivered to the liver for further metabolism and bile excretion. ATP synthase, classically known to be located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, has been unexpectedly found expressed at the plasma membrane of hepatocytes, as a receptor for apoA-I, playing a role in HDL-cholesterol uptake. On hepatocytes, apoA-I binding to ecto-F1-ATPase stimulates extracellular ATP hydrolysis into ADP, which subsequently activates a P2Y13-mediated HDL endocytosis pathway. The strict dependence of HDL endocytosis on extracellular ADP level led us to study first, whether other plasma membrane proteins than ecto-F1-ATPase could regulate extracellular ADP level. We highlighted the presence on hepatocytes cell surface of Adenine Nucleotide Translocase (ANT), another transmembrane protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We showed that ecto-ANT activity could increase or reduce extracellular ADP level, depending on the extracellular ADP/ATP ratio. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of ecto-ANT activity increased extracellular ADP level when ecto-F1-ATPase was activated by apoA-I. This increase in the bioavailability of extracellular ADP accordingly translated into an increase of HDL endocytosis in human hepatocytes. We then sought to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in targeting ecto-F1-ATPase to the plasma membrane. Indeed, F1-ATPase ectopic expression at the plasma membrane has been described on several cell types and has been related to several physiological and pathophysiological processes however, the pathway involved in its transport to the cell surface remains unknown
Laureaux, Chantal. "Enrichissement en alpha-tocophérol des lipoprotéines de haute densité (1,063." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P614.
Full textDiallo, Devy. "Protéomique des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL) : biomarqueurs et applications thérapeutiques." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC131.
Full textDuring this thesis, we aimed of identifying biomarkers and particularly changes in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in a situation of proteolytic, oxidative and bacterial aggression. In the first study, we identified soluble markers resulting from the proteolysis of hemoglobin in carotid atherothrombosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). A peptide with a mass of 3327 Da was characterized by proteomics predominantly in the luminal layer of the AAA thrombus, and in the hemorrhagic area of carotid plaques. This peptide is issued from the proteolysis of the alpha chain of hemoglobin by the action of leukocyte elastase. In the second study, we have shown that the neutrophil activation observed in AAA patients largely contributes to the pro-oxidant state of this pathology and that this environment plays an active role in HDL modification and dysfunction in AAA. Indeed, we have shown the loss of their protective effect on LDL oxidation and on production of reactive oxygen species by smooth muscle cells. A decrease in circulating small HDL fractions (anti-atherogenic) was also observed in AAA patients. In AAA, the chronic neutrophil activation could be linked to the entry of periodontal bacteria in the bloodstream. In the last study, we analyzed modifications of HDL in the pathological context of severe infection: the septic shock. We have shown that besides having very low circulating levels of HDL, small HDL were decreased in favor of large HDL. We also observed in vitro that this phenomenon could result from the binding of bacterial compounds to HDL particles
Martin-Nizard, Françoise. "Homéostasie des lipides cérébraux : rôle des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL)." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10054.
Full textGhalim, Norddine. "Analyse qualitative et quantitative des particules lipoprotéiques humaines Lp AI,Lp AI:AII et Lp AIV." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10179.
Full textHussein, Hala. "Activité anti-athérogène des lipoprotéines de haute densité dans les maladies métaboliques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066046.
Full textMartinez, Laurent. "Caratérisation et purification de récepteurs hépathiques aux lipoprotéines de haute densité(HDL)." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30071.
Full textDemoor, Ludovic. "Conception d'un modèle synthétique d'apolipoprotéine : application à l'étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques d'un domaine de l'apolipoprotéine A-I." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10109.
Full textDachet, Christiane. "Mode d'action d'un médicament hypolipidémiant , le Probucol : transport et catabolisme des LDL, modifications des propriétés physico-chimiques des lipoprotéines plasmatiques." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120055.
Full textTalussot, Corinne. "Propriétés des lipoprotéines de haute densité : étude de la conformation de l'apolipoprotéine A-I." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1H260.
Full textElchebly, Mounib. "Transfert des lipides entre les lipoprotéines, chez les diabétiques non insulino-dépendants : influence des protéines de transfert et des propriétés physico-chimiques des lipoprotéines." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T025.
Full textPontou-Lombard, Elise. "Evaluation du statut oxydatif et inflammatoire : développement analytique et application en biologie clinique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20705.
Full textHigh-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have cardiovascular benefits. One of the mechanisms involves the inhibition by HDLs of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in endothelial cells. We examined the effects of either the apolipoprotein A-I and the anionic peptide factor (APF) in the presence or absence of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), or the free PCs, on the expression of VCAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The HUVEC were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α or the calcium bound to heparin. The main result indicates that APF administrated at physiological concentration in the lipid-free form or into apolipoprotein/PCs complexes appears as a relevant factor involved in the inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. Our study provides a perspective of an antiatherogenic strategy, through the expansion of the APF-enriched HDL in order to alleviate the inflammatory process. To evaluate the status of oxidative stress in patients, we aimed to developp a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum HNE, MDA and Hexanal-modified albumin, and to test different commercial kits. Reproducible standard curves were obtained but assays with serum of patients have not been completed due to an inhibitory effect on the reaction by serum. We show that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) antibodies and matrix Gla protein in clinical cardiovascular disease give diverging results. Comparative studies of the different kit assays of oxLDL are needed to assess which oxidation-specific epitopes are most predictive of cardiovascular disease. Peroxides, paraoxonase 1 activity (PON1) and the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte plasmic membrane phospholipids appear as a relevant biological markers to evaluate oxidative stress. We believe that this work will be helpful for the assessment of oxidative stress in patients, and that biomarkers like PON1 and peroxides could be integrated into routine clinical laboratory analyses
Villard, Elise. "Impact de facteurs génétiques et métaboliques sur la fonction et la structure des HDL." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066284.
Full textThe high HDL-C plasma levels observed in CETP-deficient subjects have afforded a rational to the development of pharmacological CETP inhibitors to increase HDL-C and to reduce cardiovascular diseases. However, clinical evaluation of 2 CETP inhibitors (Torcetrapib and Dalcetrapib) revealed that those treatments were surprisingly not able to reduce cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, these molecules induce significant elevation of plasma HDL-C levels and improve HDL efflux capacity, improving large HDL or small HDL particle function. These observations highlight the complexity of HDL function biology, which is modulated by many factors. Thus, my PhD work focused on the modulation of HDL structure and efflux capacity by clinical, genetic and metabolic factors. Furthermore, in the current context of CETP inhibitors failure, it is important to keep in mind the potent atheroprotective functions of CETP; those may be preserved to manage cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, this concept is supported by the contradictory conclusions reached by association studies between CETP and cardiovascular risk. Hence, CETP may have pro and anti-atherogenic functions, which result in either a global benefic or deleterious effect, according to individual metabolic context. Consequently, my PhD project aims to identify the extent of CETP atherogenicity in order to propose a relevant therapeutic strategy to prevent its deleterious effects and broadlier CAD development. My PhD research work affords a better understanding of HDL efflux capacity modulation by genetic and metabolic factors, highlighting that HDL-based therapy could have different effect according to metabolic and genetic context of treated patients. Moreover, as a putative explanation of CETP inhibitor failure, I demonstrated that CETP acts as an anti-atherogenic protein, as it improves plasma efflux capacity from human macrophage and modulates the postprandial inflammatory response
Jaspard, Béatrice. "Lipoprotéines de haute densité et efflux de cholestérol cellulaire : solement et caractérisation des pré-bêta HDL." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30014.
Full textGarcia, Anne. "Interaction des lipoprotéines de haute densité avec des cellules d'hépatome humain HEPG2. Etude des mécanismes d'endocytose." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30025.
Full textIdohou, Nicole. "Étude in vitro de l'effet des lipoprotéines de très basse densité sur les fonctions du polynucléaire humain : application à l'étude du mécanisme d'action d'un immunomodulateur, le Biostim®." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114852.
Full textRobbesyn, Fanny. "Effet protecteur des lipoprotéines de haute densité contre la signalisation des lipoprotéines de basse densité oxydées : étude du facteur de transcription Nuclear Factor-kappaB et du récepteur à l'epidermal growth factor." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30083.
Full textPruneta, Valérie. "Mise en évidence de nouvelles fonctions de la lipoprotéine lipase liée aux lipoprotéines de très basse densité." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T083.
Full textOrsoni, Alexina. "Hypercholestérolémie familiale : contributions athérogènes potentielles de la lipoprotéine(a) et des particules HDL." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066497.
Full textDumont, Geneviève. "Étude de la composition des particules des lipoprotéines de faible densité et des déterminants de leur taille." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25376/25376.pdf.
Full textBonneau, Christine. "Effet des lipoprotéines de basse densité sur la migration et le métabolisme oxydatif du polynucléaire neutrophile humain "in vitro"." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114836.
Full textGomes, Véronique. "Structure et propriétés interactives de l'antigène variable de Trypanosoma brucei brucei." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10050.
Full textGagnon, Katherine. "Impact d'une prise en charge multidisciplinaire sur la fonctionnalité des particules HDL d'adolescents présentant un surplus pondéral." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32567.
Full textLa prévalence de l’obésité chez les enfants et les adolescents a augmenté de façon importante depuis les dernières décennies. Celle-ci peut apporter des conséquences néfastes sur la santé cardiovasculaire et ainsi, entrainer un développement précoce de l’athérosclérose. L’obésité est, entre autres, associée à une diminution des niveaux de cholestérol HDL et à une diminution de la fonctionnalité des particules HDL. Récemment, il a été démontré que la fonctionnalité des particules HDL était inversement associée au risque de maladies coronariennes. Cependant, peu d’études se sont intéressées à ce sujet chez les jeunes. L’objectif principal de ce projet de maîtrise était d’évaluer l’impact d’un programme d’intervention multidisciplinaire sur la fonctionnalité des particules HDL chez l’adolescent obèse. Vingt-neuf adolescents (16 garçons et 13 filles) âgés de 11 à 16 ans ont participé à cette étude. Le but de l’intervention était d’améliorer les habitudes alimentaires et d’augmenter le niveau d’activité physique. Les jeunes ont été suivis par une équipe multidisciplinaire et ont participé à trois séances d’entrainement par semaine, et ce, pendant 16 semaines. Les résultats suggèrent qu’un programme d’intervention multidisciplinaire peut contribuer à améliorer le profil de risque et la capacité d’efflux des particules de cholestérol HDL chez des adolescents obèses. De plus, ils indiquent que les changements dans la capacité d’efflux des particules de cholestérol HDL sont liés aux changements dans les concentrations de cholestérol HDL.
The prevalence of childhood obesity has significantly increased over the past decades. This increased have adverse effects on cardiovascular health, leading to early development of atherosclerosis. Obesity is associated with a reduced HDL cholesterol level and with a decreased efflux capacity of HDL particles. Recently, it has been shown that efflux capacity of HDL particles is inversely associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. However, only few studies have addressed this issue in obese adolescents. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary intervention program on HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) in obese adolescents. Twenty-nine adolescents (16 boys and 13 girls) aged 11 to 16 years were involved in this study. The goal of the intervention was to improve eating habits and increase the level of physical activity. Each youth was followed by a multidisciplinary team and trained three sessions per week for 16 weeks. Results suggest that a multidisciplinary intervention program can help to improve risk profile and HDL CEC in obese adolescents. In addition, results indicate that changes in HDL CEC are related to changes in HDL cholesterol concentrations
Travert, Carine. "Rôle du cholestérol et de ses dérivés oxygénés dans la stéroi͏̈dogenèse leydigienne du rat mature." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2014.
Full textPulcini, Thérèse. "Mécanismes de régulation de l'interconversion des lipoprotéines de haute densité : étude à l'aide d'un marqueur synthétique inéchangeable des HDL." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T058.
Full textDamais-Thabut, Dominique. "Réponse proinflammatoire et sepsis chez les malades atteints de cirrhose : effets de la carence en lipoprotéines de haute densité." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066154.
Full textBrassard, Didier. "Étude de l'impact des gras laitiers sur la capacité des lipoprotéines de haute densité à stimuler l'efflux de cholestérol." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27759.
Full textReducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the diet is a common nutritional guideline, because SFA raise low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. Low-fat dairy products are often preferred to lower SFA intake. SFA also increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent controlled studies indicated that HDL-C may not have a causal relationship with CVD. On the other hand, a measure of functionality, as is the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), could provide additional information on the role of HDL in CVD. Thus, our group began the study of the effects of dairy fats on HDL-mediated CEC (HDL-CEC) to clarify the effects of SFA on HDL. Our results showed that the SFA food source affects this functionality: a diet rich in SFA from butter increased HDL-CEC more than a diet rich in SFA from cheese. Additionally, gender seemed to modify the effects of dietary fats on HDL-CEC. The butter-rich diet increased HDL-CEC in men only, while a diet rich in monounsaturated fats increased HDL-CEC in women only. Finally, we also found an association between the increase in LDL-C and the increase in HDL-CEC after the butter-rich diet on men, suggesting a compensatory mechanism.
Harnafi, Hicham. "Etude de l'effet des composés bioactifs du basilic sur le métabolisme lipidique et la péroxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S016.
Full textFadel-Khadra, Maha. "Contribution à l'étude de la peroxydabilité des lipides des lipoprotéines de basse densité, LDL, et des membranes érythrocytaires." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114839.
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