Journal articles: 'Lippia (Genus)'

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Viccini, L. F., P. M. O. Pierre, M. M. Praça, D. C. Souza da Costa, E. da Costa Romanel, S. M. de Sousa, P. H. Pereira Peixoto, and F. R. Gonçalves Salimena. "Chromosome numbers in the genus Lippia (Verbenaceae)." Plant Systematics and Evolution 256, no. 1-4 (October 20, 2005): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-005-0351-3.

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Filho, José G. Sena, Jennifer M. Duringer, Daniel E. A. Uchoa, Haroudo S. Xavier, Jose M. Barbosa Filho, and Raimundo Braz Filho. "Distribution of Iridoid Glucosides in Plants from the Genus Lippia (Verbenaceae): An investigation of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 7 (July 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200701.

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The distribution of iridoid glucosides in plants from the genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) is described. In the present work, three known iridoids (theviridoside, mussaenoside and gardoside) were isolated from the roots of L. alba and were confirmed by NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic data. This information was combined with previous work on seven other Lippia species (obtained through a literature review) to give a thorough account of the iridoid glucosides currently found in this genus.

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Santos, Daiane Rodrigues, Lenaldo Muniz Oliveira, Angelica Maria Lucchese, Alexandre De Freitas Espeleta, Jucelho Dantas Da Cruz, and Maurício Santana Lordelo. "Insecticidal activity of essential oils of species from the genus Lippia against Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) (Isoptera: Termitidae)." Sociobiology 67, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i2.4992.

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Lippia is one of the main genera in the family Verbenaceae, with 200 species described. Despite its richness in bioactive molecules, with several scientifically proven applications, there is little information on the insecticidal potential of its species. This study aimed to assess the insecticidal potential of essential oils from the species Lippia thymoides (Martius & Schauer); Lippia lasiocalycina (Schauer) and Lippia insignis (Moldenk) against Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) (Isoptera-Termitidae). Insecticidal activity was evaluated by exposure to a contaminated surface, whereby plastic pots were lined with filter paper and imbibed in 1.5 ml of solution containing essential oils (10 µl/ml), with 10 N. corniger specimens per pot. The mortality count was performed at 24 and 48 h. The LC50 was determined by diluting the essential oils to concentrations of 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 µl/ml, which were chemically analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The data indicated high toxicity for the essential oils for the Lippia species tested. The lowest LC50 (0.46 µl/ml) was recorded for L. lasiocalycina. The most common constituents were β-myrcene and (E)-ocimenone in essential oil of L. lasiocalycina, β-myrcene and limonene for L. insignis, and (E)-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide for L. thymoides. The results demonstrate the viability of developing biopesticides for N. corniger control.

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Sousa, Saulo M., Giovana A. Torres, and Lyderson F. Viccini. "Karyological studies in Brazilian species of Lippia L. (Verbenaceae)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 84, no. 4 (November 9, 2012): 1029–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652012005000068.

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The genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) comprise around 160 species spread out mainly in South and Central Americas with few African species, some of them with potential medicinal use. Brazil is one the most important centers of diversity with approximately 75% of the species described so far. Innumerous species are endemic and poorly studied especially at a cytological level. Here, chromosomal length, karyomorphology and chromosome asymmetry of twelve Brazilian species of Lippia were evaluated [L. alba (Miller) N.E.Brown, L. diamantinensis Glaz., L. florida Cham., L. hermanioides Cham., L. lacunosa Mart. & Schauer, L. lupulina Cham., L. pohliana Schauer, L. pseudothea (St. Hil) Schauer, L. rosella Moldenke, L. rotundifolia Cham., L. rubella Moldenke and L. sidoides Cham.]. The analysis suggested that the genus has a variable chromosome number (from 2n = 20 to 2n = 56) originated by dysploidy and polyploidy. This is the first description of chromosome morphology for 11 of the 12 Lippia species studied.

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FUNARI, Cristiano S., Letícia de ALMEIDA, Thais G. PASSALACQUA, Isabel MARTINEZ, Daniela L. AMBRÓSIO, Regina Maria B. CICARELLI, Dulce Helena S. SILVA, and Márcia A. S. GRAMINHA. "Oleanonic acid from Lippia lupulina (Verbenaceae) shows strong in vitro antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity." Acta Amazonica 46, no. 4 (December 2016): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201600204.

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ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease affect millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions. Drugs used currently to treat such diseases often present undesirable side effects and low efficiency. The aim of this work was to identify extracts and isolated compounds from the genus Lippia with leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity. Fifteen extracts from different plant parts of Lippia species with partially known chemical compositions, four partition fractions, six compounds and a mixture of four interconverting flavanones previously isolated from Lippia salviaefolia and Lippia lupulina were assayed in vitro towards epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. The root extract of L. lupulina had potent activity against T. cruzi and L. amazonensis (IC50 of 20.0 and 54.5 µg mL-1, respectively). The triterpenoid oleanonic acid showed the strongest activity against these protozoans (IC50 of 18.5 and 29.9 µM, respectively). Our results indicate that Lippia plants and their derivatives deserve further investigation in the search for new antiprotozoal drugs, particularly for the treatment of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.

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Siqueira-Lima, Pollyana S., Fabiolla R. S. Passos, Angélica M. Lucchese, Irwin R. A. Menezes, Henrique D. M. Coutinho, Adley A. N. Lima, Gokhan Zengin, Jullyana S. S. Quintans, and Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior. "Central nervous system and analgesic profiles of Lippia genus." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 29, no. 1 (January 2019): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2018.11.006.

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Oliveira, Ariana Reis Messias Fernandes de, Lenaldo Muniz Oliveira, José Floriano Barea Pastore, Tânia Regina dos Santos Silva, and Larissa Correa do Bonfim Costa. "AGRONOMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPPIA (VERBENACEAE) SPECIES NATIVE FROM BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION." BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE - Revista de Agricultura 92, no. 2 (August 8, 2017): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v92i2.3189.

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The genus Lippia L. is represented by several aromatic species, producing essential oils with biological activity, especially antimicrobial. The semiarid region of Bahia contains several Lippia species that could be economically exploited. This study aimed to characterize morphological and agronomic traits of four species of Lippia native of the semiarid region. The species were collected in a number of cities of the state of Bahia. The experimental design was performed in randomized blocks with four repetitions and four plants per repetition for each species. We conducted quantitative and qualitative morphological characterizations, and evaluated the characters of stem, leaf and inflorescence; in addition to the agronomic characterization, with the fresh and dry matter of inflorescences, we evaluated leaves and stem and essential oil content and yield. The results showed morphological differences between the species for all traits evaluated, except for the number of flowers per inflorescence. The agronomical characterization showed differences for all measured characters, and the species Lippia lasiocalycina was distinguished by the essential oil yield.

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Santos, C. P., D. S. Rocha, M. M. Bajay, F. R. C. Santos, J. B. Campos, J. B. Pinheiro, M. I. Zucchi, R. Silva-Mann, M. F. Arrigoni-Blank, and A. F. Blank. "Cross-species transferability of microsatellite markers in the genus Lippia." Genetics and Molecular Research 13, no. 4 (2014): 9846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.november.27.11.

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9

de Campos, José Marcello Salabert, Saulo Marçal Sousa, Pâmela Souza Silva, Lucas Cézar Pinheiro, Fernanda Sampaio, and Lyderson Facio Viccini. "Chromosome numbers and DNA C values in the genus Lippia (Verbenaceae)." Plant Systematics and Evolution 291, no. 1-2 (November 11, 2010): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0370-6.

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10

Sousa, Saulo M., Patrícia M. O. Pierre, Giovana A. Torres, Lisete C. Davide, and Lyderson F. Viccini. "Relationship between pollen morphology and chromosome numbers in Brazilian species of Lippia L. (Verbenaceae)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 85, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652013005000010.

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The pollen morphology and exine structure of 17 species of Lippia L. were investigated in this work using light and scanning electron microscopy. Among the species studied, 14 showed tricolporate pollen grains, two had tri- and tetracolporate pollen grains and a single species exhibited, only tetracolporate pollen. The amb ranged from triangular to square, and the shape varied from oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal. Three different types of exine ornamentation were observed: psilate, scabrate and perforate. In addition to morphological data, we found positive association between the chromosome numbers and size of pollen grains, and also between the length and width of the colpi. The results indicate that the characteristics of pollen grains in Lippia may be used as an additional taxonomic character of the genus.

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Leyva-Jiménez, Francisco Javier, Jesús Lozano-Sánchez, María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea, David Arráez-Román, and Antonio Segura-Carretero. "Functional Ingredients based on Nutritional Phenolics. A Case Study against Inflammation: Lippia Genus." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071646.

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Epidemiological studies have reported convincing evidence that natural dietary compounds may modify inflammation, it being an important event described in the pathophysiology of age-related infirmity. Among different dietary components, nutritional phenolics have demonstrated links to a lower risk of inflammation in the most common degenerative and chronic diseases. In this way, the healthy potential of phenolics against inflammation and the emergence of new functional ingredients have caused an enhancement of nutraceutical and functional food formulation. The present review focuses on: (a) nutritional phenolics and their effects on inflammation and (b) functional ingredients based on phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the emerging interest in health-promoting products by consumers has caused an increase in the demand for functional products and nutraceuticals. Additionally, this review includes a case study of the Lippia genus, which has shown anti-inflammatory effects claiming to be a natural alternative for the management of this physiological disorder. This report is a practical tool for healthcare providers.

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Suárez González, A. R., F. O. Martínez Nuñez, G. A. Castillo Villamizar, and M. I. Chacón S. "MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AROMATIC SPECIES OF THE GENUS LIPPIA FROM THE COLOMBIAN NEOTROPICS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 756 (November 2007): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.756.14.

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Cardoso, Pedro Henrique, Luiz Menini Neto, Marcelo Trovó, and Fátima Regina Gonçalves Salimena. "Checklist and a new species of Lippia (Verbenaceae) from the Diamantina Plateau, Minas Gerais, Brazil." European Journal of Taxonomy 733 (January 28, 2021): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1219.

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The Diamantina Plateau is located in the central region of the Espinhaço Range, in the State of Minas Gerais, which is dominated by campo rupestre formations. We describe a new species of Lippia L., endemic to the Diamantina Plateau, and provide an annotated checklist and identification key for the 17 species of the genus occurring in the area. Lippia raoniana P.H.Cardoso & Salimena sp. nov. is mainly distinguished by its ovate leaves with adaxial and abaxial surfaces densely covered by sessile glandular trichomes, and drupaceous fruits with two pyrenes. It is known only from two populations, and thus can be provisionally considered as Critically Endangered. Details on the species’ ecology, as well as a comparison with morphologically similar species, a distribution map, and field photographs, are provided. In this work, we also present pictures of the 17 species in their habitats, and we hope that these illustrations will help in the identification and conservation of these taxa.

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Fontes, M. G., R. R. Costa-Carvalho, I. L. Coelho, E. R. Araújo, J. L. S. Carvalho Filho, D. Laranjeira, A. F. Blank, J. O. Melo, and P. B. Alves. "Effect of essential oils from plants of the genus Lippia on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1198 (April 2018): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1198.7.

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Filho, José G. Sena, Haroudo S. Xavier, José M. Barbosa Filho, and Jennifer M. Duringer. "A Chemical Marker Proposal for the Lantana genus: Composition of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Lantana radula and L. canescens." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 4 (April 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500429.

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Essential oil extracts from the leaves of two Lantana species ( L. radula Sw. and L. canescens Kunth), for which no prior analysis has been reported, were analyzed by GC-MS. This information was utilized to propose chemical markers for Lantana species so that identification between physically similar plant species can be achieved through chemical analysis. Results showed 33 constituents for L. canescens, among which β-caryophyllene (43.9%), β-cubebene (10.1%), elixene (8.6%), β-phellandrene (6.1%), α-caryophyllene (2.6%) and dehydro-aromadendrene (2.6%) were the principle components. L. radula revealed the presence of 21 compounds, the most abundant of which were β-cubebene (31.0%), β-caryophyllene (20.8%), elixene (10.0%), α-salinene (6.4%), β-phellandrene (6.1%), copaene (4.9%) cadinene (1.4%) and psi-limonene (1.4%). The high concentration of β-caryophyllene in the samples tested here and those in the literature make it a good candidate for a chemical marker for Lantana species, with β-cubebene, elixene and β-phellandrene following as minor compounds identified more sporadically in this genus. On the other hand, Lippia species, which are morphologically similar to those from the Lantana genus, would contain limonene, citral, carvacrol, β-myrcene, camphor and thymol as the main chemical markers. These chemical markers would be a powerful tool for maintaining quality control in the extraction of essential oils for use in medicinal applications, as well as in identification of plant specimens to a taxonomist.

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CARDOSO, PEDRO HENRIQUE, VANESSA IMACULADA DOS REIS VALÉRIO, LUIZ MENINI NETO, and FÁTIMA REGINA GONÇALVES SALIMENA. "Verbenaceae in Espírito Santo, Brazil: richness, patterns of geographic distribution and conservation." Phytotaxa 484, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.484.1.1.

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Verbenaceae is represented in Brazil by 15 genera and ca. 290 species, with most of its richness in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains. The state of Espírito Santo has an area of 46,184.1 km2, wholly embedded in the Atlantic Forest. Nonetheless, due to the intense environmental degradation in the state, only 10.5% of its original vegetation remains. The present study is part of the “Flora do estado do Espírito Santo” project and aims to provide a taxonomic treatment to Verbenaceae in the state, as well as to analyze its distribution patterns, together with preliminary conservation assessments for each species. It is based on morphological analysis of herbaria collections, field expeditions, and literature compilation. Distribution maps were made for each species, while the preliminary conservation assessments followed the criteria proposed by the IUCN. Verbenaceae is represented in the state of Espírito Santo by 31 species arranged in 11 genera: Aloysia (2 spp.), Bouchea (1 sp.). Casselia (1 sp.), Citharexylum (1 sp.), Glandularia (1 sp.), Lantana (10 spp.), Lippia (4 spp.), Petrea (1 sp.), Priva (2 spp.), Stachytarpheta (6 spp.) and Verbena (2 spp.). Eight species occurring in Espírito Santo are threatened with extinction. Three new records are verified, including species of the genus Lantana. The dense rainforest, which covers most of the state’s territory, presents the most significant number of species (20 spp.), followed by pioneer vegetations (12 spp.), seasonal semideciduous forests (11 spp.), inselbergs (8 spp.), and ecological refuges (2 spp.). The main richness centers for Verbenaceae in the state of Espírito Santo are the municipalities of Linhares, Santa Teresa, Vitória, Vila Velha, and Guarapari in this order. In contrast, the family is noticeably little represented in the northern region of the state, as well as near its borders, where the forest remnants are highly fragmented and scattered. The current results contribute to the taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge of Verbenaceae, to the creation of conservation strategies for threatened species in the State of sspírito Santo, and reinforce the need of fieldwork in several areas of the state.

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Lipina, O. A. "A new name for the Uralian Lower Carboniferous genus Cribrella Lipina, 1989 (Foraminiferida)." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 4 (July 1990): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000042724.

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The genus Cribrella Lipina, 1989, with type species Cribrella mstaensis Lipina, was described from the Lower Carboniferous (middle Visean) of the southern Urals, and placed in the family Lituotubellidae (Lipina, 1989, p. 40, PL II, figs. 1–4). As the generic name is preoccupied by Cribrella Agassiz, 1835, an echinoderm, Cribrella Schmid, 1892, a sponge, Cribrella Cossman, 1906, a bryozoan, and Cribrella Gawor-Biedowa, 1987, a foraminifer, the new name Cribroaperturata is herein proposed for Cribrella Lipina. The type species of the genus thus becomes Cribroaperturata mstaensis (Lipina).

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Jattiot, Romain, Alexis Gris, and Vincent Trincal. "New occurrence of the middle Toarcian "Telodactylites "eucosmus (Lippi Boncambi, 1947) (Ammonitina) from the NW European realm, and introduction of a new genus." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 295, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0867.

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Telodactylites Pinna & Levi-Setti, 1971 was, up to now, considered to be a middle Toarcian ammonite genus restricted to the Mediterranean realm. We here document two specimens from the Variabilis Subzone (middle Toarcian) of the Thouars area (western France), interpreted as extreme variants of " Telodactylites " eucosmus (Lippi Boncambi, 1947). However, Telodactylites Pinna & Levi-Setti, 1971 must be considered a junior synonym of Peronoceras Hyatt , 1867 and its recent usage is based on an illegitimate subsequent change of its type species. A new genus Neotelodactylites is introduced (type species: Peronoceras eucosmum Lippi Boncambi, 1947). The new finds represent firm evidence for the occurrence of Neotelodactylites n. gen. eucosmus in the NW European realm, therefore considerably extending the palaeogeographical distribution of this species and genus.

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Schutte, Anne Lise. "Systematics of the genus Liparia (Fabaceae)." Nordic Journal of Botany 17, no. 1 (March 1997): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1997.tb00287.x.

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Otten, Léon, and Julien Schmidt. "A T-DNA from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Limited-Host-Range Strain AB2/73 Contains a Single Oncogene." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 5 (May 1998): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.5.335.

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AB2/73 isolated from Lippia canescens has been described as a limited-host-range strain. Its tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid has been found to lack DNA homology to known T-DNAs (L. Unger, S. F. Ziegler, G. A. Huffman, V. C. Knauf, R. Peet, L. W. Moore, M. P. Gordon, and E. W. Nester. J. Bacteriol. 164:723–730, 1985). We have isolated a T-DNA from AB2/73 by using a heterologous border sequence as a probe. The AB2/73 T-DNA sequence (3,504 bp) is flanked by canonical border sequences, has no detectable DNA homology with other T-DNAs, and contains only two genes: lsn ( Lippia strain nopaline synthaselike gene) and lso ( Lippia strain oncogene). The lso gene induces nondif-ferentiating tumors on a limited number of hosts when transferred by a Ti plasmid from a wide-host-range strain. Part of the predicted Lso protein is weakly homologous to other Agrobacterium oncoproteins encoded by rolB, rolBTR, orf13, gene e, gene 5, and gene 3′. A 28-kb fragment corresponding to the virA to virE region was cloned by using a heterologous vir fragment as probe. The AB2/73 vir region is homologous to most of the C58 virulence region; however, the virA gene is most related to the virA gene of the Agrobacterium vitis limited-host-range strain Ag162.

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Kulagina, E. I., Ya A. Vevel, T. I. Stepanova, and E. L. Zaytseva. "Foraminifers of the genus Tournayellina Lipina, 1955." Paleontological Journal 50, no. 6 (November 2016): 557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030116060095.

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De Bruyn, L., and T. Backeljau. "Biochemical systematics of the genus Lipara using isoenzymes." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 15, no. 6 (November 1987): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(87)90039-1.

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Ide, Takashi. "Effect of dietary α-lipoic acid on the mRNA expression of genes involved in drug metabolism and antioxidation system in rat liver." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000841.

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In the present study, the mRNA levels of hepatic proteins involved in the drug metabolism of rats fed α-lipoic acid were evaluated by DNA microarray and real-time PCR analyses. Experimental diets containing 0, 0·1, 0·25 and 0·5 % (w/w) α-lipoic acid were fed to four groups of rats consisting of seven animals each for 21 d. DNA microarray analysis revealed that the diet containing 0·5 % α-lipoic acid significantly (P< 0·05) increased the mRNA levels of various phase I drug-metabolising enzymes up to 15-fold and phase II enzymes up to 52-fold in an isoenzyme-specific manner. α-Lipoic acid also up-regulated the mRNA levels of some members of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily, presumed to be involved in the exportation of xenobiotics, up to 6·6-fold. In addition, we observed that α-lipoic acid increased the mRNA levels of many proteins involved in antioxidation, such as members of the thiol redox system (up to 5·5-fold), metallothioneins (up to 12-fold) and haeme oxygenase 1 (1·5-fold). These results were confirmed using real-time PCR analysis, and α-lipoic acid dose dependently increased the mRNA levels of various proteins involved in drug metabolism and antioxidation. Consistent with these observations, α-lipoic acid dose dependently increased the hepatic concentration of glutathione and the activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase measured using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene as substrates, but decreased the hepatic and serum concentrations of malondialdehyde. In conclusion, the present study unequivocally demonstrated that α-lipoic acid increases the mRNA expression of proteins involved in drug metabolism and antioxidation in the liver.

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van Wyk, B. E., G. H. Verdoorn, and R. Greinwald. "Taxonomic significance of alkaloids in the genus Liparia (Fabaceae – Liparieae)." South African Journal of Botany 57, no. 6 (December 1991): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(16)30913-9.

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Ramaswamy, Aishwarya V., and Anthony T. Maurelli. "Chlamydia trachomatis Serovar L2 Can Utilize Exogenous Lipoic Acid through the Action of the Lipoic Acid Ligase LplA1." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 23 (September 24, 2010): 6172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00717-10.

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ABSTRACT Lipoic acid is an essential protein bound cofactor that is vital for the functioning of several important enzymes involved in central metabolism. Genomes of all sequenced chlamydiae show the presence of two genes encoding lipoic acid ligases and one gene encoding a lipoate synthase. However, the roles of these proteins in lipoic acid utilization or biosynthesis have not yet been characterized. The two distinct lipoic acid ligases in Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2, LplA1Ct and LplA2Ct (encoded by the open reading frames ctl0537 and ctl0761) display moderate identity with Escherichia coli LplA (30 and 27%, respectively) but possess amino acid sequence motifs that are well conserved among all lipoyl protein ligases. The putative lipoic acid synthase LipACt, encoded by ctl0815, is ca. 43% identical to the E. coli LipA homolog. We demonstrate here the presence of lipoylated proteins in C. trachomatis serovar L2 and show that the lipoic acid ligase LplA1Ct is capable of utilizing exogenous lipoic acid for the lipoylation Therefore, host-derived lipoic acid may be important for intracellular growth and development. Based on genetic complementation in a surrogate host, our study also suggests that the C. trachomatis serovar L2 LipA homolog may not be functional in vivo.

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Ben Salah, Hichem, Slim Smaoui, Raed Abdennabi, and Noureddine Allouche. "LC-ESI-MS/MS Phenolic Profile of Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. Extracts and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antiacetylcholinesterase, Antidiabetic, and Antibacterial Activities." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (June 24, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9814537.

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Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass., an indigenous perennial herb from the Tunisian flora, belongs to the medicinally important genus Volutaria Cass. (Asteraceae) which comprises eighteen species widely distributed in the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean Basin. In this study, five different extracts from Tunisian Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant, antiacetylcholinesterase, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities as well as for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions have the highest levels in phenolic and flavonoid contents and showed remarkable antioxidant activities using DPPH (IC50= 11.50±0.57 and 28.81±1.35μg/mL, respectively), total antioxidant capacity (105.21±0.01 and 98.77±0.02 mg vitamin E/g extract, respectively), and reducing power (EC50= 55.40±2.00 and 66.65±1.40 μg/mL, respectively) methods. Furthermore, they exhibited noticeable antiacetylcholinesterase and antidiabetic activities and a moderate antibacterial effect when compared to that of standards. Principal component analysis allowed highlighting the ethyl acetate extract for its interesting acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and alpha-amylase activities and the aqueous fraction for its remarkably antibacterial activity, and their richness in phytochemical content. Interestingly, the LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of both fractions allowed the identification of ten phenolic acids and eight flavonoids. The 3-O-caffeoylquinic and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acids constituted the most abundant components in the two fractions. Taken together, these findings demonstrated, for the first time, that Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. is a potential source of biological active compounds which could be used in a wide range of fields, namely, nutrition and complementary pharmacological drug.

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Guo, Shihui, Kai Yan, Xi Fang, Yingdong Ni, Wenqiang Ma, and Ruqian Zhao. "α-Lipoic Acid Alleviates Hepatic Lipid Deposition by Inhibiting FASN Expression via miR-3548 in Rats." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072331.

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Excessive liver lipid deposition is a vital risk factor for the development of many diseases. Here, we fed Sprague-Dawley rats with a control or α-lipoic acid-supplemented diet (0.2%) for 5 weeks to elucidate the effects of α-lipoic acid on preventive ability, hepatic lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and the involved regulatory mechanisms. In the current study, α-lipoic acid supplementation lowered plasma triglyceride level and hepatic triglyceride content. Reduced hepatic lipid deposition was closely associated with inhibiting fatty acid-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase expression, as well as increasing phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase expression at the protein level in α-lipoic acid-exposed rats. Hepatic miRNA sequencing revealed increased expression of miR-3548 targeting the 3′untranslated region of Fasn mRNA, and the direct regulatory link between miRNA-3548 and FASN was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Taken together, α-lipoic acid lowered hepatic lipid accumulation, which involved changes in miRNA-mediated lipogenic genes.

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ACOSTA, LUIS E., GUILHERME S. T. GARBINO, GERMÁN M. GASPARINI, and RODRIGO PARISI DUTRA. "Unraveling the nomenclatural puzzle of the collared and white-lipped peccaries (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla, Tayassuidae)." Zootaxa 4851, no. 1 (September 9, 2020): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4851.1.2.

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The nomenclatural history of the collared and white-lipped peccaries, two well-recognized taxonomic entities, has been confusing. From the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, several genera were created, most of them without an explicit designation of type species. Due to differing opinions as to whether the two species should be included in a single genus or, if separate genera were recognized, which generic name should be applied to each of the two taxa, the validity of generic and specific names oscillated until even recently. This paper aims to solve these nomenclatural issues by reviewing the different taxonomic arrangements of these two peccaries and applying appropriately the International Code on Zoological Nomenclature. We contend that the valid generic name for the white-lipped peccary is Tayassu Fischer, 1814 (type Sus pecari Link, 1795), while Dicotyles Cuvier, 1816 (type Dicotyles torquatus Cuvier, 1816) is the valid genus for the collared peccary, with Pecari Reichenbach, 1835 as its junior synonym.

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Lopes, Juliana Mainenti Leal, Elyabe Monteiro de Matos, Laís Stehling de Queiroz Nascimento, and Lyderson Facio Viccini. "Validation of reference genes for quantitative gene expression in the Lippia alba polyploid complex (Verbenaceae)." Molecular Biology Reports 48, no. 2 (February 2021): 1037–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06183-6.

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Kryštufek, Boris, Morteza Naderi, Franc Janžekovič, Rainer Hutterer, Dominik Bombek, and Ahmad Mahmoudi. "A taxonomic revision of fat dormice, genus Glis (Rodentia)." Mammalia 85, no. 4 (March 12, 2021): 362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2020-0161.

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Abstract We address in this study the taxonomic status of the two major phylogenetic lineages of fat dormice, genus Glis. These lineages show unique mutations at 43 positions of the cytochrome b alignment and are classified as two distinct species, the European fat dormouse Glis glis (Linnaeus, C. [1766]. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis synonymis, locis, Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]) and the Iranian fat dormouse Glis persicus (Erxleben, I.C.P. [1777]. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Impensis Weygandianis, Lipsia [Leipzig]). The European dormouse is widespread in Europe, Asia Minor and the Caucasus, while the Iranian dormouse occupies the southern Caspian coast in Iran. Ranges are presumably delimited in Azerbaijan by rivers Kura and Aras. The two species differ categorically in size of the glans penis, size and shape of the baculum and in width of the posterior extension of the premaxilla. The Iranian fat dormouse has on average a more blackish distal half of the tail, a higher count for abdominal nipples, and a longer maxillary tooth-row. Intraspecific structuring in G. glis indicates a taxonomic complexity which is not yet understood and requires a comprehensive systematic revision. To define the nominal taxon objectively we designate voucher PMS 27369 (Slovenian Museum of Natural History) as the neotype for G. glis, therefore restricting the type locality for the species to Mt. Krim in Slovenia.

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Schutte, Anne Lise. "Five new species of the genus Liparia (Fabaceae) from South Africa." Nordic Journal of Botany 15, no. 2 (June 1995): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1995.tb00132.x.

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Ishii, Tomohiro, Ryuji Fukuzawa, Takeshi Sato, Koji Muroya, Masanori Adachi, Kenji Ihara, Junko Igaki, et al. "Gonadal macrophage infiltration in congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia." European Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 2 (August 2016): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-16-0194.

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Objective Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (lipoid CAH) results in impairment of adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis caused by STAR mutations. Our previous study revealed upregulation of genes associated with inflammatory or immune response and macrophage infiltration in the adrenal cortex of Star-knockout mice. This study aimed at investigating macrophage infiltration in the gonads from human patients with lipoid CAH. Design This study includes seven patients with lipoid CAH who underwent gonadectomy: two XX women (age, 22 and 40 years) and five XY boys (1 year). Two women with ovarian cysts (32 and 40 years) and six boys with autopsy or tumor (1 year) were examined as controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of their gonads was performed to determine steroidogenic cells by NR5A1 or CYP17A1 and macrophages by IBA1 or CD68. Results An increased number of macrophages infiltrated into the ovaries of lipoid CAH and consisted of two subpopulations: one scattered within and around a layer of theca cells of maturing follicles and the other massively aggregated in the stroma. Abundant cytoplasmic lipid droplets were observed not only in the theca cells but also in the stromal macrophages. There was no significant difference in the number of macrophages in the testicular interstitium between lipoid CAH (95% confidence interval (95% CI: 19.3–47.7 per 0.2mm2) and controls (95% CI: 13.3–25.8 per 0.2mm2) (P=0.10). Conclusions These results demonstrate that macrophages infiltrate the ovaries of lipoid CAH, where the theca cells and the stromal macrophages have abundant cytoplasmic lipid droplets.

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Nilsson, M., I. Panagopoulos, F. Mertens, and N. Mandahl. "Fusion of the HMGA2 and NFIB genes in lipoma." Virchows Archiv 447, no. 5 (August 17, 2005): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-005-0037-9.

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Siregar, Asrul Sahri, Pudji Astuti, Yulia Sistina, and Norman Arie Prayogo. "The Effect of Endosulfan in GnRH and GtH Genes Expression of Male Hard-Lipped Barb (Osteochilus vittatus C.V.)." Molekul 15, no. 3 (November 27, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2020.15.3.612.

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The presence of pollutants in water makes the environment toxic to all living biota and affects reproduction in fish. One of such pollutants is endosulfan, which is an off-patent organochlorine insecticide, widely used in various agricultural activities. Endosulfan is extremely toxic to fish and all other aquatic organisms, showing a range of chronic effects, including genotoxicity, and reproductive issues. Therefore, the aim of the research was to find the effect of endosulfan on cGnRH, sGnRH, GtH-I and GtH-II gene expression inmale hard-lipped barb fish. These fish were kept in aquarium containing several levels of endosulfan (0 mg/L [control]; 0.88 mg/L [low level]; 1.76 mg/L [medium level]; and 2.64 mg/L [high] level) for 60 days. The effects of endosulfan on GnRH performance on the fishwere evaluated by the expressions of these genes; cGnRH-II, sGnRH, GtH-I, and GtH-II. In the 8th week, there was a decrease in the expression of all the four genes in fish with high dose of endosulfan compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These findings showedthat endosulfan inhibits the expression of cGnRH, sGnRH, GtH-I and GtH-II genes in male hard-lipped barb.

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de Souza Khatlab, A., A. P. Del Vesco, E. Gasparino, and A. R. de Oliveira Neto. "Gender and age effects on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in broiler’s liver." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 3 (February 9, 2018): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2017-cjas.

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Two experiments were conducted to assess gender (Experiment 1) and age (Experiment 2) effects on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. The expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), apolipoprotein B (APOB), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), and AMP-activated protein kinase α-1 (AMPKα-1) genes was evaluated by qRT-PCR. In Experiment 1, we observed a gender effect on feed intake, as male broilers presented greater feed intake than females. Female broilers presented greater gene expression of FAS, and lower expression of ADIPOQ and AMPKα-1, than males. A gender effect was not observed for the gene expression of APOA-I, APOB, or LKB1. In Experiment 2, there was a significant age effect on feed intake and weight gain. Broilers 42 days of age presented greater feed intake and weight gain than 21-day-old birds. 21-day-old broilers showed greater expression of APOA-I, ADIPOQ, LKB1, and AMPKα-1, and lower APOB gene expression in the liver than 42-day-old broilers. Age had no effect on FAS gene expression. Our results show that the gender and age could act on the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, such as FAS and APOB, and also on genes related to lipid oxidation, such as ADIPOQ, LKB1, and AMPK.

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IWANIUK, ANDREW N., STORRS L. OLSON, and HELEN F. JAMES. "Extraordinary cranial specialization in a new genus of extinct duck (Aves: Anseriformes) from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands." Zootaxa 2296, no. 1 (November 24, 2009): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2296.1.3.

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Talpanas lippa is described as a new genus and species of waterfowl from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands, that is unlike any other known member of the order. It is characterized by a short, stout tarsometatarsus and a braincase that is shallow and wide relative to its length with very small orbits. In comparison with extant species, the optic foramen of Talpanas is remarkably small whereas the maxillo-mandibular foramen, which is the exit point of the trigeminal nerve, is grossly enlarged. Relative to skull length and foramen magnum area, the maxillo-mandibular foramen is one order of magnitude larger in cross-sectional area than that of extant Anseriformes. We conclude that Talpanas had reduced visual abilities, as reflected externally by its small orbits and optic foramen, and a grossly hypertrophied trigeminal foramen. Taken together, this suggests that Talpanas may have been more heavily reliant upon somatosensory (tactile) cues for foraging than any living species of bird. Pectoral elements are unknown, but the evident lack of keen eyesight suggests that the species was flightless, as were many other insular waterfowl.

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Finlay, Liam A., Alex J. Michels, Judy A. Butler, Eric J. Smith, Jeffrey S. Monette, Régis F. Moreau, Shay Kate Petersen, Balz Frei, and Tory M. Hagen. "R-α-lipoic acid does not reverse hepatic inflammation of aging, but lowers lipid anabolism, while accentuating circadian rhythm transcript profiles." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 302, no. 5 (March 1, 2012): R587—R597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00393.2011.

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To determine the effects of age and lipoic acid supplementation on hepatic gene expression, we fed young (3 mo) and old (24 mo) male Fischer 344 rats a diet with or without 0.2% (wt/wt) R-α-lipoic acid (LA) for 2 wk. Total RNA isolated from liver tissue was analyzed by Affymetrix microarray to examine changes in transcriptional profiles. Results showed elevated proinflammatory gene expression in the aging liver and evidence for increased immune cell activation and tissue remodeling, together representing 45% of the age-related transcriptome changes. In addition, age-related increases in transcripts of genes related to fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol synthesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase-β (Acacb) and fatty acid synthase (Fasn), were observed. Supplementation of old animals with LA did not reverse the necroinflammatory phenotype but, intriguingly, altered the expression of genes governing circadian rhythm. Most notably, Arntl, Npas2, and Per changed in a coordinated manner with respect to rhythmic transcription. LA further caused a decrease in transcripts of several bile acid and lipid synthesis genes, including Acacb and Fasn, which are regulated by first-order clock transcription factors. Similar effects of LA supplementation on bile acid and lipid synthesis genes were observed in young animals. Transcript changes of lipid metabolism genes were corroborated by a decrease in FASN and ACC protein levels. We conclude that advanced age is associated with a necroinflammatory phenotype and increased lipid synthesis, while chronic LA supplementation influences hepatic genes associated with lipid and energy metabolism and circadian rhythm, regardless of age.

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Sabti, Mouad, Kazunori Sasaki, Chemseddoha Gadhi, and Hiroko Isoda. "Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Lippia citriodora(Lim.)-Induced Relaxation and Anti-Depression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 14 (July 20, 2019): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143556.

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Lippia citriodora ethanolic extract (VEE) and verbascoside (Vs), a phenypropanoid glycoside, have been demonstrated to exert relaxant and anxiolytic properties. However, the molecular mechanisms behind their effects are still unclear. In this work, we studied the effects and action mechanisms of VEE and Vs in vivo and in vitro, on human neurotypic SH-SY5Y cells.TST was conducted on mice treated orally with VEE (25, 50 and 100 mg/Kg), Vs (2.5 and 5 mg/Kg), Bupropion (20 mg/Kg) and Milli-Q water. Higher dose of VEE-treated mice showed an increase of immobility time compared to control groups, indicating an induction of relaxation. This effect was found to be induced by regulation of genes playing key roles in calcium homeostasis (calcium channels), cyclic AMP (cAMP) production and energy metabolism. On the other hand, low doses of VEE and Vs showed an antidepressant-like effect and was confirmed by serotonin, noradrenalin, dopamine and BDNF expressions. Finally, VEE and Vsenhancedcell viability, mitochondrial activity and calcium uptake in vitro confirming in vivo findings. Our results showed induction of relaxation and antidepressant-like effects depending on the administered dose of VEE and Vs, through modulation of cAMP and calcium.

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Natusch, Daniel J. D., and Jessica A. Lyons. "Ecological attributes and trade of white-lipped pythons (Genus Leiopython) in Indonesian New Guinea." Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 5 (2011): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12017.

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White-lipped pythons (WLP) (Genus Leiopython) have been collected from the wild in Indonesian New Guinea and exported for the pet trade since at least 1977. Despite the long duration of trade and recent taxonomic work recognising six different species, virtually nothing is known of the trade dynamics or ecology of these species. Surveys of wildlife traders in Indonesian New Guinea and measurement of 122 WLP provides the first information on trade and ecological attributes of the two most commonly traded species, L. albertisii and L. hoserae. Both species exhibit broadly similar ecological attributes; however, L. hoserae has a longer and wider head than L. albertisii. WLP prey mainly on mammals, although smaller snakes were found to feed on lizards. Reproduction appears to be seasonal with oviposition and hatching occurring in the summer months between December and March. Most trade was in L. albertisii and although traders differentiated between the two species on the basis of colour, both were traded under the name L. albertisii. Examination of CITES export data revealed that in 2004 Indonesia exceeded the government-allocated harvest quota of wild individuals. Although this quota was apparently not exceeded in other years, the results of this study suggest that the unmonitored domestic pet trade and the potential for misdeclaration of wild-caught individuals for export may account for many more snakes than are recorded.

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Akami, Mazarin, Nicolas Y. Njintang, Olajire Gbaye, Chang-Ying Niu, and E.-N. Nukenine. "Comparative expression of two detoxification genes by Callosobruchus maculatus in response to dichlorvos and Lippia adoensis essential oil treatments." Journal of Pest Science 92, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 665–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-018-01075-4.

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Hermes, Fatemah A. M., and John E. Cronan. "Scavenging of Cytosolic Octanoic Acid by Mutant LplA Lipoate Ligases Allows Growth of Escherichia coli Strains Lacking the LipB Octanoyltransferase of Lipoic Acid Synthesis." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 22 (August 14, 2009): 6796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00798-09.

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ABSTRACT The LipB octanoyltransferase catalyzes the first step of lipoic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli, transfer of the octanoyl moiety from octanoyl-acyl carrier protein to the lipoyl domains of the E2 subunits of the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases of aerobic metabolism. Strains containing null mutations in lipB are auxotrophic for either lipoic acid or octanoic acid. We report the isolation of two spontaneously arising mutant strains that allow growth of lipB strains on glucose minimal medium; we determined that suppression was caused by single missense mutations within the coding sequence of the gene (lplA) that encodes lipoate-protein ligase. The LplA proteins encoded by the mutant genes have reduced Km values for free octanoic acid and thus are able to scavenge cytosolic octanoic acid for octanoylation of lipoyl domains.

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Tajima, Toshihiro, Kenji Fujieda, Naoya Kouda, Jun Nakae, and Walter L. Miller. "Heterozygous Mutation in the Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage Enzyme (P450scc) Gene in a Patient with 46,XY Sex Reversal and Adrenal Insufficiency." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 86, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 3820–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.8.7748.

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Cytochrome P450scc, the mitochondrial cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, is the only enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and, thus, is required for the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones. Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia is a severe disorder of steroidogenesis in which cholesterol accumulates within steroidogenic cells and the synthesis of all adrenal and gonadal steroids is impaired, hormonally suggesting a disorder in P450scc. However, congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia is caused by mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein StAR; it has been thought that P450scc mutations are incompatible with human term gestation, because P450scc is needed for placental biosynthesis of progesterone, which is required to maintain pregnancy. In studying patients with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, we identified an individual with normal StAR and SF-1 genes and a heterozygous mutation in P450scc. The mutation was found in multiple cell types, but neither parent carried the mutation, suggesting it arose de novo during meiosis, before fertilization. The patient was atypical for congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, having survived for 4 yr without hormonal replacement before experiencing life-threatening adrenal insufficiency. The P450scc mutation, an in-frame insertion of Gly and Asp between Asp271 and Val272, was inserted into a catalytically active fusion protein of the P450scc system (H2N-P450scc-Adrenodoxin Reductase-Adrenodoxin-COOH), completely inactivating enzymatic activity. Cotransfection of wild-type and mutant vectors showed that the mutation did not exert a dominant negative effect. Because P450scc is normally a slow and inefficient enzyme, we propose that P450scc haploinsufficiency results in subnormal responses to ACTH, so that recurrent ACTH stimulation leads to a slow accumulation of adrenal cholesterol, eventually causing cellular damage. Thus, although homozygous absence of P450scc should be incompatible with term gestation, haploinsufficiency of P450scc causes a late-onset form of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia that can be explained by the same two-hit model that has been validated for congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia caused by StAR deficiency.

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Löcker, Birgit, Murray J. Fletcher, Marie-Claude Larivière, Geoff M. Gurr, Werner E. Holzinger, and Holger Löcker. "Taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the Gelastocephalini (Hemiptera:Cixiidae)." Invertebrate Systematics 20, no. 1 (2006): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is05005.

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Planthoppers of the family Cixiidae Spinola, 1839 are economically important owing to their ability to transmit phytoplasmas causing yellows-type diseases. The tribe Gelastocephalini Emeljanov, one of 16 tribes within the subfamily Cixiinae, has never been revised comprehensively. Twenty new genera (Aubirestus, Balyadimetopia, Barbonia, Candicarina, Corylonga, Fletcherolus, Gelastocaledonia, Gurrundus, Guttala, Hartliebia, Holgus, Larivierea, Lipsia, Melanoclypeus, Novotarberus, Payastylus, Rokebia, Schuerrera, Wernindia, Yarnikada) and 50 new species (Aubirestus semicirculatus, Balyadimetopia frederi, B. krahalla, B. marci, Barbonia spectabilis, Candicarina geroldi, C. pulchra, Carolus carinatus, C. stiriae, Corylonga aaroni, C. krottendorfi, C. leighi, C. lobata, C. loisae, C. mahmudae, C. triangula, Fletcherolus lanceolatus, F. monospinosus, Gelastocaledonia monteithi, Gelastocephalus velifer, Gurrundus fuscomarginatus, G. nectostylus, Guttala bernhardtae, G. mona, G. nickeli, G. robierae, Hartliebia towinna, Holgus ancistrus, H. liafredis, H. spiralis, H. unispinosus, Larivierea yalthi, L. yokunna, Lipsia mystrostylus, Melanoclypeus cristatus, M. uncinatus, Novotarberus flagellospinosus, N. pseudorphninus, N. remanei, Payastylus brichrius, P. gekiae, P. kernae, Rokebia australis, Ronaldia emeljanovi, Schuerrera clypeocarinata, S. ecarinata, ,Wernindia bubalis, W. lorda, W. rhomboidea, Yarnikada ulliae) are described. This increases the number of known Gelastocephalini from seven to 27 genera and from nine to 60 species. A new combination, Novotarberus jacobii, is proposed for Gelastocephalus jacobii from New Caldedonia and Cixius merula was transferred into the genus Schuerrera, resulting in a new combination, Schuerrera merula. A preliminary cladistic analysis of morphological data including all species of Gelastocephalini supported the monophyly of the tribe and its genera. The short male anal style is recognised as a synapomorphy for the tribe. The subtribe Rhigedanina was shown to be monophyletic whereas Gelastocephalina is paraphyletic. Three alternative hypotheses are presented to explain the current distribution of the tribe, which is restricted to Australia and New Caledonia. The species Novotarberus jacobii and Gelastocaledonia monteithi seem to be Gondwanan relicts.

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Jordan, Sean W., and John E. Cronan,. "The Escherichia coli lipB Gene Encodes Lipoyl (Octanoyl)-Acyl Carrier Protein:Protein Transferase." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 5 (March 1, 2003): 1582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.5.1582-1589.2003.

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ABSTRACT In an earlier study (S. W. Jordan and J. E. Cronan, Jr., J. Biol. Chem. 272:17903-17906, 1997) we reported a new enzyme, lipoyl-[acyl carrier protein]-protein N-lipoyltransferase, in Escherichia coli and mitochondria that transfers lipoic acid from lipoyl-acyl carrier protein to the lipoyl domains of pyruvate dehydrogenase. It was also shown that E. coli lipB mutants lack this enzyme activity, a finding consistent with lipB being the gene that encoded the lipoyltransferase. However, it remained possible that lipB encoded a positive regulator required for lipoyltransferase expression or action. We now report genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrating that lipB encodes the lipoyltransferase. A lipB temperature-sensitive mutant was shown to produce a thermolabile lipoyltransferase and a tagged version of the lipB-encoded protein was purified to homogeneity and shown to catalyze the transfer of either lipoic acid or octanoic acid from their acyl carrier protein thioesters to the lipoyl domain of pyruvate dehydrogenase. In the course of these experiments the ATG initiation codon commonly assigned to lipB genes in genomic databases was shown to produce a nonfunctional E. coli LipB protein, whereas initiation at an upstream TTG codon gave a stable and enzymatically active protein. Prior genetic results (T. W. Morris, K. E. Reed, and J. E. Cronan, Jr., J. Bacteriol. 177:1-10, 1995) suggested that lipoate protein ligase (LplA) could also utilize (albeit poorly) acyl carrier protein substrates in addition to its normal substrates lipoic acid plus ATP. We have detected a very slow LplA-catalyzed transfer of lipoic acid and octanoic acid from their acyl carrier protein thioesters to the lipoyl domain of pyruvate dehydrogenase. A nonhydrolyzable lipoyl-AMP analogue was found to competitively inhibit both ACP-dependent and ATP-dependent reactions of LplA, suggesting that the same active site catalyzes two chemically diverse reactions.

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Gurvitz, Aner, J. Kalervo Hiltunen, and Alexander J. Kastaniotis. "Function of Heterologous Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA, a Type 2 Fatty Acid Synthase Enzyme Involved in Extending C20 Fatty Acids to C60-to-C90 Mycolic Acids, during De Novo Lipoic Acid Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 16 (June 13, 2008): 5078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00655-08.

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ABSTRACT We describe the physiological function of heterologously expressed Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA during de novo lipoic acid synthesis in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mitochondria. InhA, representing 2-trans-enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and the target for the front-line antituberculous drug isoniazid, is involved in the activity of dissociative type 2 fatty acid synthase (FASII) that extends associative type 1 fatty acid synthase (FASI)-derived C20 fatty acids to form C60-to-C90 mycolic acids. Mycolic acids are major constituents of the protective layer around the pathogen that contribute to virulence and resistance to certain antimicrobials. Unlike FASI, FASII is thought to be incapable of de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. Here, the genes for InhA (Rv1484) and four similar proteins (Rv0927c, Rv3485c, Rv3530c, and Rv3559c) were expressed in S. cerevisiae etr1Δ cells lacking mitochondrial 2-trans-enoyl-thioester reductase activity. The phenotype of the yeast mutants includes the inability to produce sufficient levels of lipoic acid, form mitochondrial cytochromes, respire, or grow on nonfermentable carbon sources. Yeast etr1Δ cells expressing mitochondrial InhA were able to respire, grow on glycerol, and produce lipoic acid. Commensurate with a role in mitochondrial de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, InhA could accept in vivo much shorter acyl-thioesters (C4 to C8) than was previously thought (>C12). Moreover, InhA functioned in the absence of AcpM or protein-protein interactions with its native FASII partners KasA, KasB, FabD, and FabH. None of the four proteins similar to InhA complemented the yeast mutant phenotype. We discuss the implications of our findings with reference to lipoic acid synthesis in M. tuberculosis and the potential use of yeast FASII mutants for investigating the physiological function of drug-targeted pathogen enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.

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Saenger, Paul, Dong Lin, Stephen E. Gitelman, and Walter L. Miller. "Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia—Genes for P450scc, side chain cleavage enzyme, are normal." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 45, no. 1-3 (April 1993): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-0760(93)90127-i.

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Tan, Yunhong, and Bo Li. "Taxonomic studies on the genus Premna (Lamiaceae) in China—I: the identities of P. fulva and P. tapintzeana." Phytotaxa 173, no. 3 (June 27, 2014): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.3.3.

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With 46 species recognized in the Flora of China, Premna is now one of the fifth largest genera in the mint family in China. Current classifications have placed Premna in the family Lamiaceae removing it from the family Verbenaceae, leaving the identity of many of the Chinese species difficult to resolve. In this study, based on protologues, and consulting both herbarium (including the types) and fresh specimens, P. crassa is reduced to synonymy of P. fulva; P. calcicola (ined.), P. crassa var. bijiangensis (ined.), P. crassa var. yuii, P. dopii, P. puerensis, P. shunningensis (ined.), P. straminicaulis, P. yuanjiangensis (ined.) and P. yunnanensis (nom. illeg.) are recognized as P. tapintzeana. Premna fulva and P. tapintzeana are similar to each other by having small corymbs, subequal stamens enclosed by the corolla tube, and equal or slightly 2-lipped calyces with 5 obtuse lobes, but also different in the shape of leaf blades and upper corolla lips, the indumentum of branchlets, petioles and peduncles, and their habitat. The present investigation provides complete taxonomic treatments, geographic distributions and ecological observations of P. fulva and P. tapintzeana.

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Lee, Young-Sil, Won-Kyung Yang, Hwa Kim, Bokkee Min, Nuria Caturla, Jonathan Jones, Yang-Chun Park, Young-Cheol Lee, and Seung-Hyung Kim. "Metabolaid® Combination of Lemon Verbena and Hibiscus Flower Extract Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091204.

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Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) has been used as a food spice, cosmetic, and in traditional medicine formulations to treat asthma and diabetes in South America and Southern Europe. Hibiscus flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is used in traditional Chinese medicine in the form of a tea to treat hypertension and inflammation. In the present study, we examined the synergistic effects of a formula of Metabolaid® (MetA), a combination of lemon verbena and hibiscus-flower extracts, on obesity and its complications in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The results showed that MetA decreased body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT), and liver weight. Additionally, serum and hepatic lipid profiles, glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and cold-induced thermogenesis were significantly improved. Appetite-regulating hormones adiponectin and leptin were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, while the inflammatory-related factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were downregulated by MetA. Adipogenesis-activating gene expression was decreased, while increased thermogenesis-inducing genes were upregulated in the WAT, correlating with increased phosphorylation of AMPK and fatty-acid oxidation in the liver. Taken together, these results suggest that MetA decreased obesity and its complications in HFD mice. Therefore, this formula may be a candidate for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications.

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Petit, Marleen M. R., Sarah Swarts, Julia A. Bridge, and Wim J. M. Van de Ven. "Expression of Reciprocal Fusion Transcripts of the HMGIC and LPP Genes in Parosteal Lipoma." Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 106, no. 1 (October 1998): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00038-7.

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Bogusch, Petr, Cornelis van Achterberg, Karel Šilhán, Alena Astapenková, and Petr Heneberg. "Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Gasteruptiidae) parasitizing hymenopterans nesting in reed galls." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65 (August 27, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26645.

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Wasps of the genus Gasteruption are predator-inquilines of bees nesting in cavities in wood, stems, galls, and vertical soil surfaces. During studies of hymenopterans associated with reed galls caused by flies of the genus Lipara we recorded three species. We provide the evidence that a rare European species Gasteruptionphragmiticola is a specialized predator-inquiline of an equally rare wetland bee Hylaeuspectoralis. Gasteruptionnigrescens is a predator-inquiline of bees of the family Megachilidae, using the common bee Hoplitisleucomelana as the main host. Gasteruptionassectator is a less specialized predator-inquiline of multiple groups of bees. The first two species, G.phragmiticola and G.nigrescens, are usually present at well-preserved reed beds associated with meadows rich in flowering plants while G.assectator does not prefer any specific habitat. Mature larvae of Gasteruption typically have a dorsoventrally flattened body and lateral lobes, small head with only slightly sclerotized mouthparts and tridentate mandibles. The larvae of these three species differ only slightly from one another, at most by the sclerotization of the mouthparts, colour, and position of setae on the head capsule and the shape of the mandible. As previous descriptions are insufficient, we provide first detailed descriptions with figures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lippia (Genus)'

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