Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquefied gas carriers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Liquefied gas carriers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquefied gas carriers"

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Marques, C. H., C. R. P. Belchior, and J. D. Caprace. "AN APPROACH TO OPTIMISE THE SELECTION OF LNG CARRIERS’ PROPULSION SYSTEM." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v16i1.62189.

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Marine transport of natural gas, mostly in its liquid phase, is of growing importance in the global energy markets. The fleet of liquefied natural gas carriers is thereby increasing and being upgraded to enhance its performance. Since there is no well-defined procedure about how to perform the selection of the propulsion system considering the peculiarities of this kind of vessel, this work intend to fill this gap. In other words, the present article aims to propose an approach so that one can perform the optimised selection of liquefied natural gas carriers’ propulsion system mainly concerning financial aspects. Firstly, some fundamentals about liquefied natural gas and its transport are presented followed by reasons why the traditional steam turbine propulsion plant was abandoned and dual- fuel diesel engines have been applied instead. Then, a list of criteria is discussed and studies that inspired this work are summarised. A case study of a ship with cargo capacity of 174,000 m3 operating between Lake Charles and Tokyo Bay via Panama Canal is selected. Owing to this route and environmental rules, the ship has to travel at three different levels of service speed unlike ordinary ones, which usually keep a steady speed throughout voyage. Maximising the net present value of the project is the objective function that is intended to be achieved by optimising eleven variables regarding synthesis, design and operation of the propulsion system. Finally, it is suggested that this work may assist marine engineers and ship-owners to design and outline the operation of liquefied natural gas carriers.
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Lyridis, Dimitrios V. "Spot Charter Rate Forecast for Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091270.

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Recent maritime legislation demands the transformation of the transportation sector to greener and more energy efficient. Liquified natural gas (LNG) seems a promising alternative fuel solution that could replace the conventional fuel sources. Various studies have focused on the prediction of the LNG price; however, no previous work has been carried out on the forecast of the spot charter rate of LNG carrier ships, an important factor for the maritime industries and companies when it comes to decision-making. Therefore, this study is focused on the development of a machine learning pipeline to address the aforementioned problem by: (i) forming a dataset with variables relevant to LNG; (ii) identifying the variables that impact the freight price of LNG carrier; (iii) developing and evaluating regression models for short and mid-term forecast. The results showed that the general regression neural network presented a stable overall performance for forecasting periods of 2, 4 and 6 months ahead.
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Miliajev, Viktor, Vladimir Erlihman, and Yury Fatyhov. "RESULTS OF THE GAS CARRIER RELIQUEFACTION PLANT TRIAL." TRANSPORT 22, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638137.

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In the paper results of the gas carrier reliquefaction plant trial are considered. Safe transportation of liquefied gases is explained. The construction of the ship on trial is described. Designed parameters of the reliquefaction plant are presented. Heat gain into cargo tanks is obtained. Volumetric capacity, cooling capacity, volumetric efficiency and power consumption of the compressors are determined. Results of the main engine trial, diesel generator trial, reliquefaction plant trial, and calculations performed afterwards are represented in five tables. The results obtained may be used for optimisation calculations of gas carriers’ reliquefaction plants.
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Ivče, Renato, Igor Rudan, and Mateo Rudan. "Management and Usage of Nitrogen Systems on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carriers." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 55, no. 1 (December 2018): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2018.00.14.

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The importance of liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessels and the technology that enables their operations is steadily growing. Hence, in addition to professional interest, the general public also displays a considerably large interest in this issue. Today LNG carriers belong to the category of the most technologically developed vessels and therefore managing these vessels requires not only the general knowledge but also the specific knowledge relating to their cargo handling systems. To ensure the safe and economical transport of LNG by sea and to minimize the risk of fire or explosion it is necessary to understand the properties of LNG and nitrogen, an inert gas used in all phases of the carriage and transfer of liquefied gas. The subject of this research is the overall process of nitrogen management in daily operations on board LNG carriers. The aim of the research is to explain, evaluate and define the various applications of nitrogen systems on LNG carriers.
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Zichittella, Guido, and Javier Pérez-Ramírez. "Status and prospects of the decentralised valorisation of natural gas into energy and energy carriers." Chemical Society Reviews 50, no. 5 (2021): 2984–3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs01506g.

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We critically review the recent advances in process, reactor, and catalyst design that enable process miniaturisation for decentralised natural gas upgrading into electricity, liquefied natural gas, fuels and chemicals.
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de Almeida Barbosa, Danilo, Fabio Pavan Piccoli, and Daniel dos Santos Moreira. "Analysis of Sloshing Suppressors in Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers Tanks." International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences 7, no. 1 (2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20210701.12.

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Elsayed, Tarek, Khaled Marghany, and Said Abdulkader. "Risk assessment of liquefied natural gas carriers using fuzzy TOPSIS." Ships and Offshore Structures 9, no. 4 (September 24, 2013): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2013.829964.

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Giernalczyk, Mariusz, Filip Łoński, and Wojciech Kaniak. "Ways of Adjusting the Two-Stroke Diesel Engine to be Run on Liquefied Natural Gas." New Trends in Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0039.

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Abstract This article attempts at assessing the feasibility and validity of adjusting the two-stroke diesel engine to be fuelled by liquefied natural gas (LNG). It discusses a set of modifications introduced onto one of the ships carrying liquefied natural gas. These changes consisted in adjusting the engines of the main drive so that they can be fuelled by gas. This has been achieved by the modification of the cylinder head and fuel supply installation. Parameter results of the modified engines obtained during sea trials have been presented. Both advantages and disadvantages resulting from gas combustion have been pointed out. Ultimately, the authors of this article assess the applicability of this solution to other LNG carriers.
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Zhao, DongSheng, TianFei Zhang, LiangLiang Wu, LeLe Kong, and YuJun Liu. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of GTAW Welded Joint of Invar Alloy." Journal of Ship Production and Design 37, no. 03 (August 19, 2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.12190062.

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Experiment of automatic gas tungsten arc welding of liquefied natural gas carrier Invar alloy with a thickness of .7 mm was completed, and the welding parameters were optimized, as well as microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint were measured and analyzed. The grain size of the area near the weld centerline was small, mainly cellular dendrites, and the grain size on both sides of the weld centerline increased gradually, mainly dendrites, whereas the grain size near fusion line was larger, and there were more columnar crystals. The heat-affected zone was composed of coarse austenite grains. Transgranular cracks were the main cracks in the welding seam. When welding current was 40 A, frequency was 120 Hz, and welding speed was 350 mm/min, tensile strength of the welded joint was 446.9 MPa, which 88.1% of the base metal’s tensile strength and 10.3% of the fracture elongation. The fracture surface of tensile specimens showed typical plastic fracture characteristics, with no obvious crack characteristics, and no eutectic liquid films were observed. Introduction Invar alloy is a Fe–36%Ni alloy. Its thermal expansion coefficient at room temperature is less than 1.6X10-6/k, which is about one-tenth of that of low carbon steel, and changes little in a larger temperature range. Therefore, Invar alloy is widely used in making precision measuring instruments and low temperature-resistant materials (Corbacho et al. 1998; Park et al. 2011; Qiu et al. 2016; Yakout et al. 2018). In recent years, with the increasing demand for clean energy, liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers are developing rapidly (Zhao et al. 2015; Oh et al. 2018). LNG liquefies at temperatures below -161.5°C. The volume of LNG is about 1/ 625 of the volume of gaseous natural gas of the same mass; thus, it can transport large quantities of natural gas over long distances.
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Suprapti, Fitri, Susanto Susanto, Deri Hendrawan, and Retno Anggoro. "Optimization of Reliquefaction System on Gas Carrier to Maintain The Condition and Temperature of Cargo Tank." Dinamika Bahari 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46484/db.v4i1.351.

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Transport of liquefied hydrocarbon gases and their derivatives (methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene and other liquefied gases) is done using gas carrier tankers. Large gas carriers are equipped with re-liquefaction system to handle cargo during the process of loading, voyaging, and unloading. A reliquefaction system is installed on gas carriers to handle the Boil off-gas (BOG) problem. Operation constraints Reliquefaction system operating the reliquefaction system include the compound characteristics, liquefaction unit operating conditions, and system performance. These issues also hinder the BOG liquefaction process. This research sought to investigate the whole operation process of the system. This case study was conducted by observing the objects directly on the MT. Chinagas Legend vessel whose main cargoes are LPG. In case studies, research is carried out by studying the phenomenon of case problems that occur directly on the object. The identified problems and its resolutions could add valueable information to science. The research results revealed that MT. Chinagas Legend had a reliquefaction system with 2-stage or 3-stage options. The former type was used for butane (C4H10) cargoes and the latter was used for propane (C3H8) cargoes. The common problem in the process of reliquefaction systems was the presence of contaminants carried with seawater and clogging the filters. A leak in the intake or discharge valve slowed down the reliquefaction process and rendered it ineffective. The problems can be overcome through periodic routine inspections on components that are directly in contact with sea water, such as sea water filters.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquefied gas carriers"

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Godderidge, Bernhard. "A phenomenological rapid sloshing model for use as an operator guidance system on liquefied natural gas carriers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/142869/.

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A concept for a non-intrusive sloshing guidance system based on a phenomenological Rapid Sloshing Model is proposed to reduce the operational risk of sloshing damage to LNG carriers. A numerical sloshing model is implemented in a commercial Navier-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code which uses a volume-of- fluid approach for the simulation of multi- fuid problems. The effect of spatial and temporal discretisation and turbulence is investigated using systematic variation. Dimensional analysis of the multiphase flow regime and examination of the relative velocity at the fluid interface show that an inhomogeneous multiphase model is appropriate for the simulation of a violent sloshing flow. This is conrmed by the good agreement with the experimental data of Hinatsu. The effect of fluid compressibility is investigated for sloshing impacts and a criterion based on wave propagation is developed to assess the importance of compressibility. When modelling sloshing with large air bubble entrainment, the choice of fluid compressibility model is shown to have a significant influence on pressure magnitude and frequency of oscillation required for structural assessment and a thermal energy model is required. The Rapid Sloshing Model (RSM) is based on the observation that the centre of mass of a sloshing fluid tends to follow a particular trajectory. Using a phenomenological modelling approach, the forces affecting the sloshing response are approximated with mathematical functions for restoring force, damping and sloshing impacts. Calculation times for the resulting equations are typically 0.1% of real time on a desktop PC. A case study of sloshing induced by periodic rotation and translation of two-dimensional longitudinal and transverse sections of membrane LNG tanks is carried out using RSM. RSM is set up using one CFD simulation not considered in the case study and the RSM solutions are then compared to the independent CFD solutions. The fluid momentum from RSM is usually within 5%{15% of the CFD solution for excitation at and near the first resonant period at a filling level near the critical depth. An irregular surge motion profile from an ITTC two-parameter spectrum is applied to the tank and the mean error from the RSM solution remains below 15% when using momentum and transverse force. When applied to sloshing with a 10% filling level excited by an irregular seaway a mean error of 9.6% is obtained. Compared to existing phenomenological modelling approaches the RSM methodology reduces the error by an order of magnitude in sloshing scenarios of practical interest. A non-intrusive sloshing guidance system based on the Rapid Sloshing Model which is suitable for installation on existing and newbuild LNG carriers can be implemented by applying motion data measured onboard to the RSM to provide operator guidance on the sloshing severity in partially filled LNG tanks. The RSM is set up for a particular LNG carrier with existing sloshing data from the design and class approval stages.
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Silva, Dennis Wilfredo Roldán. "Análise de falhas e suas consequências na operação de navios transportadores de Gás Natural Liquefeito (GNL)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-26072013-124338/.

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No Brasil a geração de energia elétrica é predominantemente baseada no uso de fontes renováveis e obtida por meio de centrais hidroelétricas. Ainda assim é necessária a diversificação das fontes de suprimento de energia para a geração de eletricidade quando o recurso hídrico for escasso. Uma alternativa é utilizar gás natural como combustível para as usinas termoelétricas, como vem sendo introduzido na matriz energética de outros países, permitindo a diversificação das fontes energéticas dos mesmos. A indústria do gás natural, assim como outras atividades industriais, não está isenta de acidentes que podem provocar graves consequências à integridade das pessoas e das propriedades. Por este motivo, é necessário desenvolver estudos para determinar quais são as possíveis causas que poderiam ocasionar estes acidentes, e quais são os possíveis cenários associados a estas falhas especificamente na área do transporte de GNL (Gás Natural Liquefeito). É neste contexto que este trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo desenvolver um método, baseado nas técnicas de análise de risco, que permita identificar os principais cenários de falha associados à ocorrência de um vazamento de GNL ou de boil-off durante as operações de carga e/ou descarga de navios. Neste cenário, considera-se a presença das barreiras de proteção destinadas a conter esse evento iniciador de perigo no sistema de carga e descarga do navio transportador de GNL, quando o navio está atracado no porto. Adicionalmente à apresentação do método, e como resultado do trabalho, são identificados quais os componentes que pertencem ao circuito de carga e descarga de GNL, e que tenham uma categoria de risco denominada como Crítica (C), Moderada (M) ou Não Crítica (NC). Finalmente, a implantação do método propõe medidas que ajudam a diminuir o nível de risco associado aos componentes denominados críticos, a fim de garantir uma operação segura e livre de acidentes que ponham em risco a integridade dos operadores, dos equipamentos e do ambiente.
Although the electricity generation in Brazil is predominantly based on renewable sources and obtained by means of hydroelectric power plants, it is still necessary to diversify sources of energy supply to generate electricity when the water resource is scarce. An alternative is the use natural gas as fuel for power plants, once it has been introduced in the energy matrix of other countries, allowing the diversification of their energy sources. The natural gas industry, as well as other industrial activities, is not free from accidents, which can cause serious consequences to the integrity of people and properties. For this reason, it is necessary to develop studies to determine what are the possible causes that could lead to serious accidents and what are the possible scenarios of these faults specifically in the area of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) transportation. In this context, this research aims to develop a method based on risk analysis concepts which identifies the main failure scenarios given the occurrence of LNG or boil-off leakage during ship loading and unloading operations, considering the presence of containment barriers designed to hold this hazard initiator event in loading and unloading system of the LNG carrier when the ship is in harbor. In addition to the method presentation this research identifies which are the components of LNG loading and unloading circuit, which have a risk category classified as Critical (C), Moderate (M) and NonCritical (NC). Finally, the method implementation allows the proposal of safety and maintenance measures to help reducing the risk level in order to ensure safe operation, free of accidents that endanger the integrity of the operators, the equipment and the environment.
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Books on the topic "Liquefied gas carriers"

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Kozyrev, V. K. Morskai͡a︡ perevozka szhizhennykh gazov. Moskva: "Transport", 1986.

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Kasatkin, R. G. Sistema morskoĭ transportirovki szhizhennogo prirodnogo gaza iz Arktiki. Moskva: LKI, 2008.

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Kasatkin, R. G. Sistema morskoĭ transportirovki szhizhennogo prirodnogo gaza iz Arktiki. Moskva: LKI, 2008.

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Layton, John T. Liquefied natural gas: Security and hazards. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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T, Layton John, and Keller Barry W, eds. Liquefied natural gas: Security and hazards. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Agency, Marine Safety. Survey of gas carriers: Instructions for the guidance of surveyors. London: H.M.S.O., 1996.

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Shipping, American Bureau of. Rules for building and classing vessels intended to carry liquefied gases and chemical cargoes in bulk: Section 24, Rules for building and classing steel vessels, 1991. Paramus, N.J. (P.O. Box 910, Paramus 07653-0910): American Bureau of Shipping, 1991.

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Organization, International Maritime, ed. International code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk: IGC Code. 2nd ed. London: IMO, 1993.

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INTERTANKO, ed. A century of tankers: The tanker story. London: INTERTANKO, 2002.

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Newton, John. A century of tankers: The tanker story. Oslo: INTERTANKO, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquefied gas carriers"

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Thiagarajan, Krish P., and Robert Seah. "Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers." In Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering, 963–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16649-0_41.

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Molnar, Gergely. "Economics of Gas Transportation by Pipeline and LNG." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 23–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_2.

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AbstractThe relatively low energy density of natural gas on a volumetric basis—almost 1000 times lower compared to crude oil—makes it one of the most challenging and expensive primary fuels to transport from the wellhead to the burner tip of end-consumers. Internationally traded natural gas is typically transported either in gaseous form via long-distance pipeline systems or in the form of liquefied natural gas on ships (LNG carriers). This chapter provides a focus on the economics and commercial aspects of these large, often multibillion-dollar infrastructure projects characterized by high upfront investment costs—and requiring complex risk-sharing mechanisms between all parties involved.
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Song, Wei, Zilong Zhu, Zhong Wan, Chan Long, and Tao Liu. "Brief Review and Technical Insight of Liquefied Hydrogen Carriers Development." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 151–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_17.

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AbstractCountries worldwide are shifting to a hydrogen economy in response to stringent environmental regulations, and hydrogen transport between countries is expected to increase in the medium to long term. Although hydrogen is traded between countries in different forms such as ammonia, liquid hydrogen, and methanol, from the perspective of volume density and production/demand area without a separate process, the transportation of hydrogen in liquid form is the potential way for large-scale transportation of hydrogen in the future. This article aims to highlight the opportunities and challenges technical for the ocean-going liquid hydrogen carriers. An overview of development state-of-the-art and key technical challenges of liquid hydrogen carrier ships are summarized, including regulation, the cargo containment structure and insulation, boil off ratio (BOR) evaluation, boil-off gas (BOG) handling system and propulsion system. Finally, detailed technical route of the key technology required by future liquid hydrogen carrier is extrapolated, and securing a possible design through various technological alternatives.
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Abdelmalek, M., and C. Guedes Soares. "Performance-based leading risk indicators of safety barriers on liquefied natural gas carriers." In Developments in Maritime Technology and Engineering, 211–20. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216582-23.

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Eyres, D. J., and G. J. Bruce. "Liquefied gas carriers." In Ship Construction, 279–89. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097239-8.00023-4.

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Eyres, D. J. "Liquefied gas carriers." In Ship Construction, 264–74. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075068070-7/50025-6.

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Wood, David A., and Maksym Kulitsa. "LNG carriers and floating storage and regasification units: opportunities to improve their operational efficiency." In Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas, 193–223. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-13420-3.00005-6.

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"OIL TANKERS, BULK CARRIERS, LIQUEFIED GAS CARRIERS AND CONTAINER SHIPS." In 5 REEDS MARINE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. Adlard Coles Nautical, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472924285.ch-009.

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"OIL TANKERS, BULK CARRIERS, LIQUEFIED GAS CARRIERS AND CONTAINER SHIPS." In Reeds Marine Engineering and Technology Volume 5. Adlard Coles Nautical, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472943590.ch-009.

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Ljustina, A., S. Rudan, and I. Senjanovic. "Reinforcement of imperfect bilobe cargo tanks in liquefied gas carriers." In Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Ocean and Coastal Resources, 527–34. Taylor & Francis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833728.ch62.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquefied gas carriers"

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Gaillarde, A., A. Ledoux, and M. Lynch. "Coupling Between Liquefied Gas and Vessel’s Motions For Partially Filled Tanks: Effect On Seakeeping." In Design & Operation of Gas Carriers. RINA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.gas.2004.06.

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Foong, Shen Yang, Yuting Jin, Shuhong Chai, Christopher Chin, and Hayden Marcollo. "Computational Modelling of Sloshing in Liquefied Natural Gas Tank." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61746.

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Sloshing in the tank of liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers has recently attracted immense attention due to the rise in demand for LNG transportation. It occurs in partially filled tanks and is capable of inflicting severe damage to the tank’s interior. One effective method to dampen sloshing activities is by introducing baffles into the tank. In this paper, the nature of sloshing has been investigated using finite volume based unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) method. Good correlation was achieved between the results obtained from the presented computations and past studies, demonstrating the feasibility of the established numerical modelling approach. Employing similar computational method, two-dimensional (2D) sloshing computations were performed for different baffle additions at varying filling levels. Observations were made in the baffled tanks where an increase in the number of baffles would cause the sloshing activities to magnify if the baffle height was significantly lower than the filling level. When comparing the 2D and 3D computational results, close resemblance of the average pressure profile and maximum impulsive loads had suggested that 2D simulations are feasible to model sloshing induced loads in a 3D tank.
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Lu-pin, Wang, Liu Wei-dong, Dong Ze-xiang, and Fu Li-li. "Research on Damage Stability of 37,500m³LEG Carrier according to the Revised International Gas Code." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-081.

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The revised international gas code requires the damage stability calculation of ballast conditions of the liquefied gas carriers definitely. This paper, aiming at the damage stability calculation in the initial ballast conditions, computed and researched 37,500m³ LEG carrier, which was the world's largest LEG carrier and researched by Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co., Ltd. independently. Through the research and calculations, we concluded the impacts of the revised IGC requirements on the damage stability. By adjusting the loading of ballast water, writers had improved the ballast conditions which did not satisfy the rules of the revised IGC to meet the new basic requirements. This study not only maintains the leading-edge technology of Jiangnan Shipyard in the liquefied gas carrier research and development, but also makes a good technical preparations for follow-up orders in the future.
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McCue, Leigh S., and Armin W. Troesch. "Identification of Nonlinear and Chaotic Behavior in Model-Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carrier Experimental Data." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84459.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental study simulating the behavior of LNG carriers with partially filled tanks exposed to beam seas. Details of the experimental model and method of data collection are presented. Additionally, surrogate data testing is employed to demonstrate nonlinearity in vessel roll time series. Lastly, Lyapunov exponent calculations are performed to detect chaotic behavior resulting from nonlinear vessel motions coupled with the dynamics of fluid sloshing in on-board tanks. The nonlinear time series analysis programs contained in the TISEAN package [1] are used extensively throughout this work.
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Bardi, Francois C., Huang Tang, Mohan Kulkarni, and Xiaolei Yin. "Structural Analysis of Cryogenic Flexible Hose." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50238.

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Significant gas resources remain to be developed in remote offshore locations. These resources can be produced through the use of a floating liquefied natural gas plant (FLNG) and exported through liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers. Cryogenic flexible hoses provide a structurally compliant solution for the transfer of LNG between the FLNG and LNG carrier in harsh offshore environments. One of several cryogenic flexible hoses currently being developed in the industry is a structure composed of several layers; a corrugated stainless steel pipe in pipe structure reinforced using two layers of armoring wires. Thermal insulation of the inner hose is obtained by creating a vacuum in the annulus of the pipe in pipe. To ensure sound structural performance and integrity of the flexible hose during offloading operations, a Failure Mode and Effects Criticality Analysis (FMECA) was performed. 3D finite element models of the fully assembled hose and selective individual components were generated to assess their structural response to different loading scenarios, resulting stress concentrations and layer interactions. A sensitivity study of the corrugation profile of the corrugated pipe was performed to minimize stress concentrations and allowable bending radius.
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6

Arai, Makoto, Humberto S. Makiyama, Liang-Yee Cheng, Atsushi Kumano, Takahiro Ando, and Akihiko Imakita. "Numerical and Experimental Study of 3-D Sloshing in Tanks of LNG Carriers." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92235.

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This paper describes a numerical analysis of sloshing in liquid cargo tanks of membrane-type liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers in a rough sea. The numerical method used in this study is based on a finite-difference method, in which impact pressure on the tank ceiling is treated accurately by a numerical boundary condition proposed by the authors. Tank motion with six degrees of freedom was given by the response amplitude operator of a ship, and sloshing that occurs in regular and irregular waves is examined. An ISSC wave spectrum is used to generate the irregular waves. We describe the influence of 3D effects due to tank motion and tank geometry on the sloshing flow, and show the strong relation of the sloshing to the frequency of the given ship motion. Comparison of the numerical results with the measured data shows the effectiveness of the presented 3D analysis method.
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7

Islam, MD Shafiqul, Tae-Soon Choi, Tae-Hyun An, and Kang-Hyun Song. "Development of Methods for Temperature Calculation of LNG Carrier Hull." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-66564.

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Abstract LNG carriers are vessels used to store and transport liquefied natural gas. LNG, in its liquid form has the temperature of minus 163 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the types of steel used to build the hull structure must withstand the impact of low temperatures. Cargo Containment System (CCS) is used to reduce the transfer of heat from the outside environment into the cargo tank and to keep the LNG in liquid state. Presently, the most popular types of CCS are designed by GTT (Gaztransport & Technigaz). However, Korean shipyards, KOGAS (Korea Gas Corporation) and many other companies around the world are developing their own CCS systems. The thermal analysis of LNG carrier hull is generally performed by the CCS developer and therefore, in order to assist the new CCS developers and LNG carrier designers, KR has developed a guideline for temperature calculation of Membrane type LNG carrier’s hull. This study is a part of the guidelines and focuses on numerical and analytical solution procedures for accurate hull temperature calculation. For verification and accuracy of these methods, temperature calculation of a Membrane type LNG carrier hull is carried out and the results are compared with each other. Both methods, thoroughly analyzed in this study, could be applied in the design of membrane type LNG carrier hulls.
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8

Chang, Daejun, Taejin Lee, Kihoon Han, Kwangpil Chang, Kiho Moon, Jongpil Ha, and Atle Liknes. "A Study on Reliability-Based Improvement of Reliquefaction System for LNG Carriers." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67023.

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The objectives of the study are to quantify the reliability of a boil-off gas (BOG) reliquefaction system for liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers and to verify design improvements based on the reliability analysis. The system is broken into subsystems and then further into components. Failure rates are collected from generic references, primarily from the OREDA handbook. The reliabilities of the subsystems are estimated, and a reliability block diagram for the whole system is established. The subsystems are classified into three ranks according to their reliability: the high reliability rank comprises the subsystems ‘BOG preparation system,’ ‘Seawater intake system,’ and ‘Buffer N2 reservoir system’, the medium reliability rank the subsystem ‘BOG liquefaction system’, and the low reliability rank the subsystems ‘BOG compression system,’ ‘N2 cooling system’, and ‘Buffer N2 generation system.’ The reliability and availability are estimated for various process configurations where some of the low reliability category have a standby. The ‘bare’ system without any redundancy fails to attain an availability higher than 0.96. Addition of redundancy to one of the least reliable three commonly results in an increase in reliability improvement, to around 0.97. If all of the three subsystems have standby units, the system reliability improves to 0.99. It is recommended that maintenance efforts should be concentrated on the rotating machines that caused the subsystems to have a low reliability.
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Kim, Beom-il, and Md Shafiqul Islam. "Development of Design Procedure for LNG Carriers With IMO Type-B Independent Tank." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79445.

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Abstract There is a growing interest in applying the technology to small and medium-sized Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) carriers to meet the recent increase in demand for LNG as an ecofriendly fuel and for expanding LNG bunkering infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to apply the IMO Type B tank to small and medium-sized LNG carriers and verify the safety and suitability of the design. One of the key technical issues of Type B LNG tank is heat transfer analysis and selection of hull steel grade. In this study, a heat transfer analysis was performed for hull temperature calculation and steel grade selection. Also, the stress levels and the thermal movements of the tank were checked through thermal stress analysis applying thermal and mechanical loads. Another key technical issue of a Type B tank is to determine the size of a partial secondary barrier based on fracture mechanics. For the accurate analysis, a procedure was developed and verified based on direct analysis and international regulations. Finally, the related safety and suitability of the IMO Type B for LNG cargo tanks required by International Gas Carrier (IGC) code were verified. Two key technical issues with applied examples are thoroughly analyzed in this study, could be applied in the design of independent Type B LNG carrier.
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Kim, Myung Hyun, Hyeon Su Kim, Jae Myung Lee, Min Sung Chun, Yang Do Kim, and Nam Hyun Kang. "Fatigue and Fracture Performance of Insulation System in LNG Carriers." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62630.

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With the increase of the size of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) carriers, LNG cargo containment systems are exposed to more frequent severe sloshing impact actions. In design and construction of LNG carriers, dynamic failure of LNG cargo containment system (CCS) under repeated sloshing impact actions is a very important issue [1]. While the importance of dynamic strength characteristics of LNG cargo containment system is well recognized, no consideration with regard to the fatigue and fracture performance of insulation system toward the cryogenic environment is readily available. In this respect, a systematic experimental research is carried out for the assessment of fatigue and fracture strength of LNG insulation system at both ambient and cryogenic environments. This study begins with the fatigue test of LNG insulation system. In particular, the fatigue characteristic at the secondary barrier is explicitly considered. The effect of the density of R-PUF (Reinforced Poly-Urethane Foam) with respect to fatigue performance is investigated. In the later section, the fracture toughness of LNG Insulation system is characterized in terms of the critical strain energy release rate (GIC) in the context of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The specimen geometries used in this study are the center-cracked and double-edge-cracked tension specimen according to ASTM standard [2]. Fracture toughness tests have been carried out for structural components of MARK III type LNG insulation system such as Reinforced Poly-Urethane Foam (Insulation material) and SUS 304L (Primary barrier) under ambient and cryogenic temperature.
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Reports on the topic "Liquefied gas carriers"

1

Hightower, Marion Michael, Anay Josephine Luketa-Hanlin, and Stephen W. Attaway. Breach and safety analysis of spills over water from large liquefied natural gas carriers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983670.

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