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Ibim Abba Green, Kelechi Uchenna Ugoji, Umar Shamsu, Igbere Billy Ndukam, and Titus Joseph. "Advances in liquefied natural gas processes." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2023.16.3.0184.
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Over the past 30 years, a considerable world trade in LNG has developed. Today, LNG represents a significant component of the energy consumption of many countries and has been profitable to both the exporting host countries and their energy company partners. The attention of LNG producers have now been directed towards improved production. All latest plants have been sized around this number. Some of them have been designed by optimizing existing layout, other brand new and few required the optimization of centrifugal compressors and so the introduction of some novelty to maximize production given a certain driver. Improvements in the aerodynamic design have been necessary to maximize efficiency and increase operating range; advanced rotordynamic design to handle more capacity, new casings to increase design pressure and reduce the number are some of the innovations introduced to advance LNG operations. Novelties have not been limited to main refrigerant compressor but also to auxiliaries such as Boil Off Gas (BOG), CO2, End Flash. Eventually also new drivers have been qualified for LNG plant operations and other are under study for its high efficiency and possible future application. Extensive application of modular construction techniques will reduce the time and cost of construction in remote areas of the world. This article aims to explain, in layman terms, LNG basic knowledge, exploration, production and advancement. Throughout the article, references have been drawn from a wide range of resources and author’s personal industry experience. It is intended to use the article as a vehicle to share oil & gas industry knowledge with a wide range of audience.
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Arend, Lauron, Yuri Freitas Marcondes da Silva, Carlos Augusto Arentz Pereira, Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos, and Drielli Peyerl. "Prospects and challenges of the liquefied natural gas market in Brazil." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): e11811225527. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25527.
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The liquefied natural gas can overcome current barriers, mainly for natural gas transportation over long distances, enabling global trade and overcoming intercontinental distances. Following this trend, Brazil is entering this global market for liquefied natural gas. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the prospects and challenges of liquefied natural gas for the Brazilian natural gas market through reports from the government and the national industry. It was possible to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of this natural gas supply option within the national matrix through the SWOT analysis. After this, the gravity, urgency, and tendency (GUT) matrix were applied and adapted to classify just one dimension, as the importance of each point of the SWOT. As a result, substantial material was gathered for analysis demonstrating positive and negative characteristics of liquefied natural gas for Brazil, besides the government's view on the subject, which can be useful mainly for the academic, commercial, and industrial.
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Shi, Guo-Hua, You-Yin Jing, Song-Ling Wang, and Xu-Tao Zhang. "Development status of liquefied natural gas industry in China." Energy Policy 38, no. 11 (November 2010): 7457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.032.
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Pridein, A. A., A. I. Bedrinov, L. V. Prokopenko, E. L. Bazaev, O. V. Samokhina, D. A. Shablyа, E. V. Yakushev, and L. V. Bagirova. "Experience in industrial production of rolled plates designed for the manufacture of vessels and tanks for storage and processing of liquefied gases." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 80, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2024-1-48-56.
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The use of liquefied gases in the modern world is quite promising: thermal energy, chemical production, in capacity of natural gas motor fuel. Certain calculations show that transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) over long distances is less expensive than supplying gas through main pipelines. Another argument in favor of LNG is the geography of natural gas fields: the regions of the Far North that are adjacent to the Northern Sea Route. The equipment of plants for the production of liquefied gases is quite metal-consuming. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of metal products used for the respective equipment are operated at the boiling point of liquefied natural gas ‒167 °C. Along with natural gas, industry also consumes other liquefied gases (ethylene, oxygen, and nitrogen). In the production of liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen is simultaneously produced by separating liquefied air, which in turn is used as a refrigerant. Cryogenic tanks are used to store liquefied gases. Typically, transportation and storage of gases is carried out at the boiling point of the respective gas, down to ‒196 °C. Currently, in the Russian Federation, expensive aluminum alloys, as well as austenitic stainless steels such as steel type 18/10 (18 % Cr/10 % Ni) are used as materials for the manufacture of vessels and tanks intended for storage, processing and transportation of liquefied gases. Currently, the highest priority in the development of any industry is to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Working in this direction, JSC Ural Steel together with JSC NPO TSNIITMASH, has mastered the production of rolled plates from sparingly alloyed ferritic cryogenic steel grade 0Н6ДМБ for liquefied gas plants. The results of an extensive study of the metallurgical quality of rolled plates made from the newly developed 0Н6ДМБ steel confirmed the high level of toughness and ductility over the entire range of possible operating temperatures of cryogenic apparatuses down to ‒196 °C. Studies of weldability and welding-technological properties have confirmed the possibility of using rolled plates from the newly developed 0Н6ДМБ steel in the manufacture of cryogenic equipment operated at a temperature of down to ‒196 °C. The research resulted in confirmation by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostekhnadzor) of the use of rolled plates of 0Н6ДМБ steel grade for the manufacture of vessels (apparatuses, tanks) intended for storing and transporting liquefied natural gas
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Kovaleva, M. A., V. G. Shram, T. N. Vinichenko, E. G. Kravtsova, D. G. Slashchinin, and T. Y. Matkerimov. "Analysis of alternative motor-vehicle fuels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 052005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052005.
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Abstract In this paper, the analysis of alternative fuels is carried out: electricity, hydrogen, biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas), solar energy, compressed air, gas engine fuel (compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas). The advantages and disadvantages of their use are indicated according to the criteria of environmental safety, cost, and infrastructure development. It is revealed that at the moment, gas-engine fuel, in particular liquefied petroleum gas and compressed natural gas, is most suitable for the transfer of the fleet. The economic and environmental effect of the market expansion is associated with the high environmental friendliness of this type of fuel, low price, large natural reserves, the development of the petrochemical industry of the country, the reduction of financial costs for the repair and reconstruction of physically and morally outdated oil refining and liquid fuel production enterprises, promising technical and technological solutions to transport problems.
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Volkov, A. T., and R. E. Shepelev. "Ensuring the technological independence of oil and gas companies using patent analytics on the example of companies producing liquefied natural gas." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 9 (November 3, 2023): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2023-9-113-122.
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The article analyzes technological development of the oil and gas industry in Russian Federation under international sanctions, as well as the directions of technology development and equipment production. The article purpose is to identify ways to achieve technological sovereignty in the industry. Patent statistics and construction of patent landscapes is considered as a method of choosing the direction of technological development. The study object is Russian oil and gas companies, while the main attention is paid to companies producing and distributing liquefied natural gas. The study subject is application of patent statistics for identifying trends and directions of technological development of the industry. The study result is determination of industry leaders, and the most promising areas of research in the field of means and methods of liquefied natural gas transportation, methods of its liquefaction or curing, as well as storage equipment. The article draws conclusions about the most promising technologies and patent trends, such as the creation of mobile plants for production of liquefied natural gas , including the construction of its own fleet of gas carriers and floating plants for the gas liquefaction to provide access to the infrastructure of offshore fields. In addition, for rapid development of new markets, the use of floating terminals for regasification is proposed. Approaches to assessing the innovation activity and competitiveness of companies have been considered.
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Kosowatz, John. "Spinning Liquid Gold." Mechanical Engineering 136, no. 07 (July 1, 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2014-jul-1.
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This article discusses the economic growth opportunities due to liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the United States. Advanced drilling and production techniques have given the United States more natural gas than its markets can handle. Converting that bounty into liquefied natural gas promises to transform the U.S. gas industry into a global energy power. LNG is the generally preferred form of natural gas for use in long-haul heavy-duty trucks, because liquefying it reduces volume. More fuel can be loaded into the tank. Local-use vehicles, which operate from a central yard, often use CNG. For LNG, the only serious limits that people are talking about today are related to infrastructure costs, particularly in the development of exports. Even if the international demand for LNG stays high, exports from the United States cannot happen for a few years because of the time needed for plant construction. Optimism reigns among players throughout the natural gas industry.
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Grigoyeva, D. M., and E. B. Fedorova. "The Prospects for Reducing the Carbon Footprint in Liquefied Natural Gas Industry." Oil and Gas Technologies 134, no. 3 (2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/1815-2600-221-134-3-3-10.
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To meet the terms of the Paris Agreement, it will be necessary to restructure the world economy, make an energy transition to low-carbon development, which will subsequently affect the conventional energy sources industry and, in particular, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector. The article provides an overview of the prospects for reducing the carbon footprint in the gas industry. Technical, political and economic measures of decarbonization formation are given. The prospects of the natural gas export market for Russia are outlined. The classification of technologies related to carbon dioxide capture is presented. Special attention is paid to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the LNG industry.
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Zhang, Yaoguang, Yonghong Zhao, Hongwei Chang, Dan Wang, and Zhaobin Meng. "Distribution and chain pattern of liquefied natural gas industry in China." Chinese Geographical Science 17, no. 3 (September 2007): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11769-007-0203-x.
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Adedayo Adefemi, Cosmas Dominic Daudu, Chinelo Emilia Okoli, Olushola Babatunde Ayorinde, Oladipo Olugbenga Adekoya, and Chidera Victoria Ibeh. "Reviewing the development of floating LNG facilities and their global impact." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.0463.
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This Review encapsulates a comprehensive review of the development and global impact of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facilities. These innovative structures have revolutionized the liquefied natural gas industry by enabling offshore gas extraction, liquefaction, and storage. The study explores the evolution, challenges, and transformative influence of FLNG facilities on the global energy sector. The review begins with an examination of the historical development of FLNG technology, tracing its roots to the early 21st century. It showcases how these floating facilities have evolved from conceptual designs to operational structures, emphasizing key technological advancements that have propelled their growth. The global impact of FLNG facilities is analyzed through multiple lenses. Economic considerations, such as cost-effectiveness and accessibility to remote gas reserves, emerge as significant drivers for their adoption. The study also delves into the environmental implications, assessing the potential benefits and challenges associated with offshore liquefaction. Challenges inherent in FLNG development, including engineering complexities and regulatory considerations, are addressed. The study sheds light on how these challenges have been navigated, leading to successful deployment and operation of FLNG facilities in various regions. The transformative influence of FLNG facilities on global energy dynamics is highlighted, with a focus on their role in unlocking stranded gas reserves and facilitating timely responses to shifting market demands. The review emphasizes their adaptability to different geographic and economic contexts, showcasing their versatility as a pivotal component of the liquefied natural gas supply chain. In conclusion, this review offers a panoramic perspective on the development of FLNG facilities and their profound impact on the global energy landscape. By bridging technological innovation, economic viability, and environmental considerations, these floating facilities emerge as key contributors to the evolving dynamics of the liquefied natural gas industry, shaping a resilient and adaptive future for the energy sector.
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Valdez, Benjamin, Michael Schorr, and Jose M. Bastidas. "The natural gas industry: equipment, materials, and corrosion." Corrosion Reviews 33, no. 3-4 (July 1, 2015): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2015-0012.
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AbstractCorrosion is a crucial worldwide problem that strongly affects the oil and gas industry. Natural gas (NG) is a source of energy used in industrial, residential, commercial, and electric applications. The abundance of NG in many countries augurs a profitable situation for the vast energy industry. NG is considered friendlier to the environment and has lesser greenhouse gas emissions compared with other fossil fuels. In the last years, shale gas is increasingly exploited in the USA and in Europe, using a hydraulic fracturing (fracking) technique for releasing gas from the bedrock by injection of saline water, acidic chemicals, and sand to the wells. Various critical sectors of the NG industry infrastructure suffer from several types of corrosion: steel casings of production wells and their drilling equipment, gas-conveying pipelines including pumps and valves, plants for regasification of liquefied NG, and municipal networks of NG distribution to the consumers. Practical technologies that minimize or prevent corrosion include selection of corrosion-resistant engineering materials, cathodic protection, use of corrosion inhibitors, and application of external and internal paints, coatings, and linings. Typical cases of corrosion management in the NG industry are presented based on the authors’ experience and knowledge.
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Sasaev, N. J. "Strategic opportunities of LNG production development in the Far East." Economic Revival of Russia, no. 2 (72) (2022): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2022-2-72-161-178.
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The search and justification of new long-term impulses for the socio-economic development of the Far East is complex nature. The author assumes that the implementation of a breakthrough in the socioeconomic development of the Far East is possible through the implementation of large-scale strategic opportunities of the Far Eastern gas industry. Liquefied natural gas is one of the promising areas of the gas industry in the world, in this regard, the purpose of this study is to justify the strategic directions for the development of liquefied natural gas production in the Far East through the search and analysis of relevant strategic opportunities. To detect and further analyze strategic opportunities in the context of the justification of directions, the author uses the methodology of industrial strategizing, which is based on the general theory of strategy. The monitoring revealed a number of strategic opportunities that made it possible to justify the prospects of two directions for the development of LNG production in the Far East: large-scale and low-scale production of liquefied natural gas. The assessment of strategic threats potentially obstructing the development of these areas has shown that both areas are sustainable in the long term. The implementation of these large strategic opportunities in two well-founded areas of LNG production development will allow for a breakthrough in the socio-economic development of the Far East, which is due to the high concentration of various interest groups associated with the implementation of large-scale projects of the gas industry in the region.
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Nikolaev, N. I., and A. S. Arangulov. "Thermophysical characteristics of gas-power dual-fuel engines w12v50 df for liquefied gas shipping vessels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012058.
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Abstract Maritime transport plays important role in the economic development of society – 90% of goods are transported by ships. At the same time, maritime transport requires a significant amount of fuel resources. Production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is becoming the fastest growing industry in the modern global energy sector. Today, LNG accounts for 40% of the physical volume of world gas trade, and its share will increase up to 60% by 2040. Currently, natural gas is used on ships in the form of liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, and liquefied natural gas (LNG). The article deals with the urgent problem of operation of dual-fuel diesel-electric installations of ships. The need to study the heat-engineering parameters of two-fuel diesel generators of the Wartsila company has been substantiated. The authors present the dependencies of main heat-engineering parameters on the load of Wartsila W12V50DF dual-fuel engines used as a generator drive in the main electric propulsion engines on LNG tankers. A comparative assessment of the dependencies of exhaust gas temperature, turbocharger rotation speed, boost pressure and gas pressure on the load of diesel generators on two LNG tankers has been carried out. The article analyzes the presented dependencies. The authors substantiate the need for further improvement of their design and workflow.
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Stepanov, E. A., and V. A. Zhukov. "Floating thermal power plants based on liquefied natural gas in the global shipbuilding industry." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-s-i-98-99.
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Now, the tendency of replacing oil with natural gas is clearly visible in the world. This is due to a number of reasons: a steady increase in world oil prices, significant projected reserves of natural gas, and tightening of environmental requirements for power plants. The article discusses the world experience in the construction of floating thermal power plants using natural gas as fuel.
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Igor Leonidovich, Beilin. "Innovation Management in the Supply Chains of Russian Natural Gas, Taking into Account the Regional Structure of its Production." Nexo Revista Científica 33, no. 02 (December 31, 2020): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v33i02.10793.
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The article describes the role of Russia in the global gas industry, on the basis of the analysis of the factual data cited, conclusions are drawn about the provision of the economy with the considered minerals, the main problems in managing the supply chains of natural gas and liquefied natural gas are formulated, and innovative ways to solve them are proposed. Based on the fuzzy modeling method, it was shown that the maximum amount of budget revenues from the export duty of Russian natural gas from the main gas-bearing regions can almost double. At the same time, the minimum volume in the same case remains virtually unchanged, remaining within 10%. The use of fuzzy modeling in innovation management in the supply chains of Russian natural gas is caused by high volatility in the global commodity markets, both for the underlying asset (in this case, natural gas) and for derivative financial instruments (derivatives). Based on the simplex optimization method, innovation management schemes have been developed in the supply chains of Russian natural gas, taking into account the regional structure of its production. The differences in the economic efficiency of the export duty for the Russian budget between the supply of pipeline natural gas and liquefied natural gas are shown. The author’s methods presented in the article can be used as additional innovative tools for making strategic and operational management decisions by industry leaders and public authorities.
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Цзясинь, Ши, М. В. Афанасьев, and В. Д. Мелёхин. "Development of LNG technology innovation in China." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 12(137) (May 3, 2022): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.137.12.034.
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Мировой спрос на ресурсы сжиженного природного газа (СПГ) продолжает расти, и Китай обладает большим потенциалом для развития этого рынка. Импортный СПГ стал вторым по величине источником потребления природного газа в Китае. В связи с быстрым ростом потребления природного газа в Китае в данной статье изучаются ключевые звенья цепочки производства и поставок СПГ, такие как перерабатывающие заводы в Китае, станции приема СПГ, хранилища СПГ и использование терминалов СПГ. В статье излагается текущее состояние технологического развития индустрии СПГ в Китае и указываются будущие тенденции развития цифровизации инфраструктуры индустрии сжиженного природного газа и информатизации различных звеньев производственной цепочки в Китае. The global demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG) resources continues to grow, and China hasgreat potential for natural gas development. Imported LNG has become the second largest source of natural gassupplies to China. Due to the rapid growth of natural gas consumption in China, this article examines key links in the LNG production chain, such as natural gas liquefaction in China, LNG receiving stations, LNG storage facilities and the use of LNG terminals. It outlines the current state of technological development of the LNG industry inChina and indicates future trends in the development of digitization of the infrastructure of the liquefied natural gas industry and informatization of various parts of the production chain in China.
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Smead, Richard G. "The Biden Administration's LNG Pause: Impacts and Long‐Term Implications." Climate and Energy 40, no. 10 (April 8, 2024): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.22402.
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The Biden Administration's widely publicized January “pausing” of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) review of liquefied natural gas (LNG) export permits sent a rolling wave of concern throughout the natural gas industry, as well as a small bubble of delight among environmental organizations and domestic industrial organizations who have long been opposed to LNG exports. What is the significance of the pause, both in the immediate term and more broadly? Do a few months of delay significantly matter, or, more importantly, does the pause suggest an anti‐LNG attitude in moving forward to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions?
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Protozanov, N. K., and R. A. Shestakov. "DETERMINATION OF OPERATING PARAMETERS OF A CRYOGENIC TANK FOR LOW-TONNAGE STORAGE OF LNG." Petroleum Engineering 22, no. 2 (May 3, 2024): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2024-2-141-155.
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In the modern world, the gas industry plays a key role in the fuel and energy complex of any country, ensuring energy security and economic development. With the constant consumption of natural gas, there is a need for efficient methods of its transportation and storage. One of the ways of transportation and storage of natural gas is its liquefaction.In the case of low-tonnage liquefied natural gas (LNG) production complexes, where we are talking about small volumes of production of the order of several thousand tons of LNG per year, in comparison with large-tonnage production, where productivity amounts to millions of tons of LNG per year, the efficiency of storage processes comes to the fore, as this allows for reliable and economically feasible operation of small-scale LNG complexes.In this context, determining the operating parameters of cryogenic tanks for low-tonnage storage of liquefied natural gas is becoming an urgent research topic. The method of storing cryogenic products in semi-insulated tanks has a number of advantages, such as low energy consumption, high efficiency, and long storage time.This article is devoted to determining the parameters of the cryogenic tank operation during low-tonnage storage of liquefied natural gas. The study is aimed at determining the parameters of the cryogenic tank operation based on the calculated heat flow to the stored LNG. In this paper, the authors developed and compared various calculation schemes of heat inflow, which considered such factors as heat transfer by radiation, convection and conduction, including heat inflows to LNG through thermal bridges and from the combined-cycle phase of stored liquefied gas.The result of the study is the revealed method for determining the heat flow to LNG stored in a cryogenic tank, which is optimal in terms of the accuracy of the results obtained and the simplicity of calculations. The results of this study can be used in the further development of storage technologies for both liquefied natural gas and other industrial gases.
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Oseni, I. O., E. O. Agbonghae, and C. N. Nwaozuzu. "TECHNOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REFINING NIGERIAN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS CONDENSATE." JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 36, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51975/21360206.som.
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Condensate refining is among the strategies proposed to solve the light oil glut around the globe. The Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG), which is the Nigerian government’s best performing investment in the natural gas value chain, produces plant condensate as a by-product. In this paper, the economics of a refinery designed to use NLNG plant condensate is evaluated under an optimistic oil price forecast and a pessimistic oil price trend. A gasoline producing refinery configuration was chosen for this study, and it comprises of a naphtha splitter, a Penex isomerisation unit and a Continuous Catalytic Reforming (CCR) unit. The product yields and plant costs were determined by established correlations and industry estimates. The proposed refinery will convert 40,000 bpd plant condensate into 96% gasoline, 3% LPG and 1% hydrogen, and economic indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI) were used to assess the economic viability of the refinery. The optimistic scenario of oil price forecast resulted in an NPV of $ 531.90 million, an IRR of 20.09% and a PI of 3.16, while the pessimistic scenario gave an NPV of $16.26 million, an IRR of 11.16% and a PI of 1.07. These results prove that a condensate refinery with the proposed configuration is economically feasible and interested investors in Nigeria’s refining space should explore this possibility.
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Haksoro, Toto, Safira Firdaus Mujiyanti, Aulia Siti Aisjah, and Totok Ruki Biyanto. "Plantwide Control: A New Design Procedure and Its Application at Liquefied Petroleum Gas Facility (LPGF) Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 190 (2020): 00039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019000039.
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Natural Gas is the cleanest source of fossil energy, resulting in lower carbon emissions from coal and oil. In gas processing, the process done to separate the product composition is the fractionation process. In the gas industry, facilities/parts that are specifically to perform the process are called liquefied petroleum gas Facility plant (LPGF). Process Control is the key to a safe and profitable process industry. The Plantwide control is a structural design and control strategy for the factory as a whole. The preferred control method on this final task is the PID for regulatory control as well as the decentralized supervisory control for supervisory control and the real time optimizer for its optimization. The new plantwide control procedure can increase the profit in the process liquefied petroleum gas facility plant up to USD 643 h–1 (3 %) and decreased energy use by USD 5 h–1 (5.16 %). The application of the Plantwide control on the liquefied petroleum gas facility is also able to produce a stable system response when the interruption of the feed flow rate changes. This is demonstrated by decreasing slurries time and maximum overshoot as well as eliminating steady-state errors.
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Lenev, S. N., V. B. Perov, A. N. Vivchar, A. V. Okhlopkov, O. Y. Sigitov, and V. D. Bitney. "Liquefied natural gas as a backup fuel for TPP." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 14, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2021-14-2-84-91.
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Major trends in the development of the gas industry point to a large-scale expansion of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market, which continues to be a fast-growing segment compared to other energy sources. The national policy of the Russian Federation is aimed at developing the infrastructure of LNG complexes. This article analyses the world experience in the use of LNG complexes in gas consumption peak damping installations, which meet the conditions of LNG use as a backup fuel by PJSC Mosenergo branches (low-tonnage production combined with a large volume of LNG storage). It is shown that, in terms of the conditions of production and use of LNG at power plants, the most suitable are installations with 90–100% liquefaction of the incoming gas flow with an external refrigerating circuit using a mixed refrigerant or nitrogen, which provide the composition of regasified LNG almost identical to the composition of the source gas. The authors have formulated requirements for the development of energy-efficient LNG complexes at PJSC Mosenergo branches, including ensuring cycle energy consumption by expanding the network gas in the expander with utilization of refrigerating capacity in the liquefaction cycle, as well as cooling the compressed coolant of the refrigerating circuit by gas flows supplied further for combustion. The technological features of implementation of the LNG complex for production, storage and regasification of LNG as a reserve fuel for TPPs are reviewed. The study has shown that the most suitable power plant for the introduction of an LPG complex is TPP-22, for which a new fuel oil facility is being designed. Despite the current practice of using fuel oil and diesel fuel as backup fuels, LNG can have a competitive advantage through the use of secondary energy resources of TPPs.
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Ignatyev, Nikita, and Irina Provornaya. "EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RUSSIAN PROJECTS OF LNG EXPORT TO THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION’S COUNTRIES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 5 (2019): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-5-232-239.
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In this work, the Monte Carlo method is used to determine the effectiveness of investments of Russian projects of the export of liquefied natural gas to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, namely Japan, China and South Korea. The volumes of capital costs for the construction of the facility, operating costs for the operation of the facility, the price of liquefied natural gas were chosen as free parameters in the application of the Monte Carlo method. To perform the work, a forecast of prices for liquefied natural gas in the Asia-Pacific region was made based on the forecast of prices for Brent crude oil. Furthermore, the paper presents a forecast of operating costs for the operation of the project until 2035. The result is to determine the economic efficiency of the Yamal LNG project. The application of the Monte Carlo method showed that the net present value of the project by 2035 is most likely to be about $ 22 billion. Such an excellent result was possible due to the significant tax benefits provided by the state in accordance with the program of development of the oil and gas industry in the Arctic part of Russia.
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Shammazov, I. A., E. D. Karyakina, and A. V. Shalygin. "STRESS-STRAIN STATE SIMULATION OF AN UNDERGROUND LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PIPELINE." Problems of Gathering Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, no. 3 (July 26, 2023): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ntj-oil-2023-2-77-93.
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In recent years, there has been a steady development of systems for the production of small-scale liquefied natural gas for gas supply to remote consumers in cases where the possibilities of pipeline construction are limited. In addition, there is a tendency to use liquefied gas to replace liquid hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, kerosene, gasoil, fuel oil). Due to the growth and emergence of new industries for liquefied natural gas consumption, the infrastructure necessary for its production, transportation and storage is being developed.
The article presents an analysis of the use of the most common polymers for the pipeline construction in the oil and gas industry. The possibility of using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for the construction of process lines for pumping cryogenic liquids was considered. The results of experimental studies on tensile strength test and Charpy impact strength test after exposure to liquid nitrogen are presented. As a result of tensile strength tests, an increase in the strength properties of the material was observed while maintaining its plasticity. The breaking stress was 37.7 MPa, the yield strength was 27.1 MPa at liquid nitrogen temperature, while at ambient temperature, the specimen failed at 26.9 MPa, the yield strength was 20.2 MPa. The specimens, tested for impact strength by the Charpy method, after exposure for 2 h in liquid nitrogen, a certain margin of plastic properties was also showed. The stress-strain state of a liquefied natural gas pipeline made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in an insulating coating was simulated using the ANSYS Mechanical software package, taking into account its thermal interaction with the soil. The maximum equivalent stress in the model was 14.4 MPa, with calculated value of 12.7 MPa, which does not exceed the yield point of the material. Thus, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene can be considered as a promising material for use at cryogenic temperatures.
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Zorya, E. I., I. V. Gladkov, and V. S. Neshchadimov. "CLASSIFICATION OF LOSSES DURING TURNOVER AT THE FACILITIES OF LOW-TONNAGE CONSUMPTION OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS." Oil and Gas Technologies 143, no. 6 (2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/1815-2600-2022-143-6-9-14.
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The small-scale liquefied natural gas industry is an emerging industry that is already profitable and highly scalable, with significant potential for further expansion. The industry has advantages in generating electricity for industrial and domestic needs in remote areas, as it allows gasification of facilities without direct connection to the main natural gas pipeline. Small scale LNG businesses can benefit from the ongoing active transition to low-carb energy as market and regulatory pressure increases. Losses of marketable products arising from the operation of low-tonnage LNG consumption facilities should be taken into account when balancing the balance sheet.
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Kryukov, Y. V. "Risks of operation of the Russian gas industry in the newest conditions." Arctic XXI century. Humanities, no. 2 (July 1, 2024): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/2310-5453-2024-2-71-92.
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The article analyzes the risks and limitations faced by the Russian gas industry in recent years. Russian gas sector faced with the negative influence of a number of internal and external factors («the perfect storm»). Currently, there is unprecedented pressure, that include not only falling export revenues, but also technological limitations. The Russian gas sector has been able to partially adapt to new operating conditions – a more flexible method of gas monetization is coming to the fore. Pipeline gas is increasingly losing its role as the basis for the development of the gas sector in the medium term, giving way to liquefied natural gas. The key factors limiting the operation of the industry are technological risks and restrictions in gas production and liquefied gas production, resource base limitations, risks on the side of the gas transportation system, as well as institutional risks and restrictions. In addition to development difficulties, new restrictions make it possible to reconsider the role of the gas sector in the economy: use more flexible approaches to export issues, develop domestic demand for gas, promote the development of independent gas production companies, and implement programs to support domestic manufacturers of a wide range of gas equipment and gas carriers.
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Ulchenko, Mikhail. "Development of the Arctic gas industry and prospects for the Russian LNG market in the Asia-Pacific region." SHS Web of Conferences 84 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208403006.
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The article is devoted to the study of the development of the Arctic gas industry and the prospects of LNG sales in the market of the Asia-Pacific region. It is shown that the largest projects for the production of liquefied natural gas in Russia are concentrated in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district - “Yamal LNG” and “Arctic LNG - 2”. The growth of economies, partial abandonment of nuclear energy and coal contributes to the growth of natural gas consumption in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Japan, China and South Korea remain the largest LNG importers. The analysis showed that South Korea and Japan, despite all efforts to reduce energy consumption, are interested in increasing the volume of purchases of Russian liquefied natural gas. To meet their needs, Japanese companies “Jogmeg” and “Mitsui” purchased a 10% stake in the “Arctic LNG - 2” project for $ 25 billion. China, having concluded a trade agreement with the United States, will try to meet the growing demand for oil and gas through the supply of American energy resources. However, given the decline in the number of operating rigs in the United States, it is not certain that China will not need additional supplies from other exporters.
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Wang, Jun, Hung-Lin Chi, Wenchi Shou, Heap-Yih Chong, and Xiangyu Wang. "A Coordinated Approach for Supply-Chain Tracking in the Liquefied Natural Gas Industry." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2018): 4822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124822.
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With the increased size and complexity of liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, supply-chain management has become a challenging process due to involvements of the remote location of the project site and the multiple stakeholders. The transparency and traceability of the supply-chain are critical as any surpluses or shortages of materials will put the project at risk. Currently, limited research has been conducted on LNG projects considering the total supply-chain perspective, which refers to all stages of materials tracking in off-site manufacturing, transportation, and site logistics. The purpose of this research is to propose a framework of a coordinated approach for supply-chain tracking in the LNG industry. Two focus group studies were organized to develop the proposed framework: One for LNG construction supply chain process development, and another for alternative tracking technologies selection. In addition, two experiments, namely off-site fabrication tracking and site logistics tracking, were conducted in a field to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed framework. Technology limitations were also discussed in terms of field implementation.
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Sönmez, Erkut, Sunder Kekre, Alan Scheller-Wolf, and Nicola Secomandi. "Strategic analysis of technology and capacity investments in the liquefied natural gas industry." European Journal of Operational Research 226, no. 1 (April 2013): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.10.042.
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Медведева, А. А., and А. А. Зайцев. "EXTERNAL FACTORS INFLUENCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PRODUCERS UNDER SANCTIONS PRESSURE." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 1 (March 24, 2024): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2024.51.44.029.
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Появление новых экономических рисков в газовой промышленности выявило необходимость резкого реагирования на них. В данной работе проанализированы такие внешние факторы влияния на устойчивость производителей сжиженного природного газа (СПГ), как необеспеченность спроса на международных рынках, сложность фиксации контрактных условий, структурная трансформация глобального рынка, а также нестабильность спроса, внутриотраслевая конкуренция. Эти факторы подчёркивают важность анализа рисков и разработки антикризисных мер реагирования. Дефицит производственных мощностей показывает экономическую необходимость создания и запуска новых мощностей по производству СПГ. Развитие СПГ-кластеров способно оказать комплексный положительный эффект на отечественную экономику в целом. В статье сделан вывод о том, что ориентация на внутренний рынок потребления позволит повысить показатели устойчивого развития предприятий газовой промышленности. The emergence of new economic risks in gas industry resulted in the need for an urgent response to them. Certain external factors affecting the sustainability of liquefied natural gas (LNG) producers are analyzed, namely low demand in international markets, difficulties concerning the specification of contract terms, structural transformation of the global market as well as unstable demand and internal competition in the industry. The factors in question emphasize the importance of risk analysis and the development of crisis measures. The low production capacity proves the economic need to create and launch new LNG production facilities. The development of LNG clusters can have a comprehensive positive effect on the national economy as a whole. We come to a conclusion that focusing on the domestic market will improve the indicators of sustainable development of gas industry enterprises.
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Kim, Dae-Hee, Jeong-Hyeon Kim, Hee-Tae Kim, Jeong-Dae Kim, Cengizhan Uluduz, Minjung Kim, Seul-Kee Kim, and Jae-Myung Lee. "Evaluation of PVC-Type Insulation Foam Material for Cryogenic Applications." Polymers 15, no. 6 (March 11, 2023): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061401.
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With the International Maritime Organization (IMO) reinforcing environmental regulations on the shipbuilding industry, the demand for fuels, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), has soared. Therefore, the demand for a Liquefied Gas Carrier for such LNG and LPG also increases. Recently, CCS carrier volume has been increasing, and damage to the lower CCS panel has occurred. To withstand liquefied gas loads, the CCSs should be fabricated using a material with improved mechanical strength and thermal performance compared with the conventional material. This study proposes a polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-type foam as an alternative to commercial polyurethane foam (PUF). The former material functions as both insulation and a support structure primarily for the LNG-carrier CCS. To investigate the effectiveness of the PVC-type foam for a low-temperature liquefied gas storage system, various cryogenic tests, namely tensile, compressive, impact, and thermal conductivity, are conducted. The results illustrate that the PVC-type foam proves stronger than PUF in mechanical performance (compressive, impact) across all temperatures. In the tensile test, there are reductions in strength with PVC-type foam but it meets CCS requirements. Therefore, it can serve as insulation and improve the overall CCS mechanical strength against increased loads under cryogenic temperatures. Additionally, PVC-type foam can serve as an alternative to other materials in various cryogenic applications.
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Dang, Thang Dinh, Quyen Huynh, and Khoa Dang Ta. "Prospect of gas industry and the role of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in Vietnam during 2011–2035." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i3.582.
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The paper presents the detailed data of gas demand for power, fertilizer and other industries in Vietnam during 2011–2015, as well as forecasted data for 2016–2025 and 2026–2035 phases. The results demonstrate that the domestic gas industry cannot meet the market requirement, the inadequacy is estimated of 30%. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminal installation for import is considered as a feasible solution to the problem. However, the major barrier is that the gas pipeline system is discrete in the whole country, the configuration of LNG receiving terminal must be therefore selected and designed reasonably. By analysis, Vietnamese LNG market is a high potential in 2016–2035 phase.
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Shojaeinia, Sayeh, Shashwat Sharma, Greer Gosnell, and Morgan Bazilian. "Exploring the Natural Gas Landscape in India." Journal of Resources, Energy and Development 17, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/red-170201.
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This paper considers the growing importance of natural gas in India’s energy landscape. India, like other developing economies, faces enormous challenges in providing a source of energy that is secure, affordable, transportable, and relatively clean for sustained economic growth while moving towards a carbon neutral society. Natural gas has been identified by the government as one part of that solution. We focus our non-comprehensive review on three primary end uses of natural gas in India: city gas distribution (including household and transport), power generation, and industry (e.g., fertilizers, steel, refinery, petrochemicals). The allocation of domestically sourced natural gas for end-use sectors depends on central government policy guidelines. Also, less regulatory restriction is applied for imported gas, and the market can freely import liquefied natural gas. This review lays the groundwork for more detailed analysis, and for identifying tradeoffs between the use of natural gas versus other forms of energy for power and other sectors in the Indian context.
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Štimac, Maja, Mario Matković, and Daria Karasalihović Sedlar. "Correlations between Hotel Size and Gas Consumption with a Feasibility Analysis of a Fuel Switch—A Coastal Case Study Croatia Adriatic." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (May 25, 2023): 8595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118595.
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This paper analyses gas consumption in hotels on the Adriatic coast, comparing data on natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumption by hotel size. The research hypothesis is that by switching from LPG to natural gas, not only can a reduction in emissions be achieved in the hospitality industry, but there are also significant economic benefits. The research objectives included a regression analysis for various factors affecting gas consumption. The analysis showed a medium–strong relationship between the variables, which is a novelty for energy trends in the hospitality sector. By converting from heating oil to natural gas, hotels can achieve significant financial savings. It was also calculated that this would reduce the total energy consumption costs. Measures taken by the hospitality industry will have a positive impact on guest perception and could be used as a promotional tool under the “green hospitality” label.
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Bolobov, Victor, Yana Vladimirovna Martynenko, Vladimir Voronov, Ilnur Latipov, and Grigory Popov. "Improvement of the Liquefied Natural Gas Vapor Utilization System Using a Gas Ejector." Inventions 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions7010014.
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The production, transportation, and storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a promising area in the gas industry due to a number of the fuel’s advantages, such as its high energy intensity indicators, its reduced storage volume compared to natural gas in the gas-air state, and it ecological efficiency. However, LNG storage systems feature a number of disadvantages, among which is the boil-off gas (BOG) recovery from an LNG tank by flaring it or discharging it to the atmosphere. Previous attempts to boil-off gas recovery using compressors, in turn, feature such disadvantages as large capital investments and operating costs, as well as low reliability rates. The authors of this article suggest a technical solution to this problem that consists in using a gas ejector for boil-off gas recovery. Natural gas from a high-pressure gas pipeline is proposed as a working fluid entraining the boil-off gas. The implementation of this method was carried out according to the developed algorithm. The proposed technical solution reduced capital costs (by approximately 170 times), metal consumption (by approximately 100 times), and power consumption (by approximately 55 kW), and improved the reliability of the system compared to a compressor unit. The sample calculation of a gas ejector for the boil-off gas recovery from an LNG tank with a capacity of 300 m3 shows that the ejector makes it possible to increase the boil-off gas pressure in the system by up to 1.13 MPa, which makes it possible to not use the first-stage compressor unit for the compression of excess vapours.
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Ndunagu, P. U., O. F. Joel, O. Akuma, and E. E. Alaike. "Production of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas from flare gas using methanol based process." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 19, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v19i1.7.
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Flare gas utilization has been a topic of discussion among stakeholders of the Nigerian Petroleum Industry and one of the simplest technical and commercial strategies is to send these gases to an existing gas pipeline with spare capacity. Peculiarities of flare gas can pose different challenges but the feasibility of the project depends on exogenous factors such as proximity to gas pipeline and availability of markets. In this work, an energy integrated methanol-based gas processing method for treatment and recovery of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is presented using a high flaring intensity Nigerian Marginal oilfield close to an existing gas pipeline. A capacity of 60 MMscfd was determined using the flaring profile of the oilfield and a propane refrigeration system was selected as the cold process. ASPEN HYSYS V9 Cubic Plus Association (CPA) equation of state was used to optimally predict methanol (used as a hydrate inhibitor) partitioning in the methanol-hydrocarbon system. This process produced 57.15 MMscfd of natural gas, 163.7 tonne/day of LPG, and 33.19 tonne/day of stabilized condensate in line with Nigerian gas transport code specifications. The equipment count in comparison to other gas processing schemes, operational flexibility, and ease of scalability indicates that it is an economic technology that will be well suited for solving the gas flare scenario in the Niger Delta region by converting these wasted gas into more useful products.
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Suriya, Krishna K. A., Khan Farzan, Chandra Upreti Yogesh, and Bharat Sai S. Bala. "Conversion process of natural gas into liquid fuels." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 18, no. 1 (2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.18.1.19029.
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Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology has developed over the past few decades into a financially sound industry offering market diversification to remote natural gas resource stakeholders. Presently, several patented technologies are available for the petroleum industries to transport natural gas cheaply in liquefied form. In the recent past, low natural gas prices in North America can be attributed to the isolation of shale gas resources using GTL technology. Some small technology providers are currently using GTL to eliminate associated gas flaring in remote oil fields. Several smaller technology providers are now looking to GTL to stop associated gas flaring in remote producing fields. In addition, GTL has the potential to extract liquid fuel in gas-rich inland areas. The GTL technology is preferred as the existing technologies that process natural gas through olefins are more complex and have so far proven difficult and costly in terms of commercial viability. The various GTL technologies having prospective market scope are reviewed this article.
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CZYŻ, Maciej, and Andrzej GRZEBIELEC. "Modification of the cascade methane liquefaction process to improve the efficiency of the system." Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/iboa.112.
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In recent years, the dynamic development of the LNG industry has been observed. This is largely due to the transition of many countries from coal-based energy to greener energy. Natural gas is regarded as an intermediate fuel. Natural gas can be transported by pipeline, but in many cases it is more economical to transport it in a liquefied form. The liquefaction process is very energy-consuming, which is why many researchers are focused on optimizing this process. This work is an attempt to optimize the operation of the basic cascade natural gas liquefaction system. The proposed modifications contribute to a significant reduction in the costs of the liquefaction process.
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Cavalcanti, Eduardo J. C., and Monica Carvalho. "Tackling Dissipative Components Based on the SPECO Approach: A Cryogenic Heat Exchanger Used in Natural Gas Liquefaction." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 6850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206850.
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The cryogenic industry has been experiencing continuous progress in recent years, primarily due to the global development of oil and gas activities. Natural gas liquefaction is a cryogenic process, with the refrigeration system being crucial to the overall process. The objective of the study presented herein is to carry out an exergoeconomic assessment for a dual nitrogen expander process used to liquefy natural gas, employing the SPecific Exergy COsting (SPECO) methodology. The air coolers and throttling valve are dissipative components, which present fictitious unit cost rates that are reallocated to the final product (Liquefied Natural Gas). The liquefaction process has an exergy efficiency of 41.89%, and the specific cost of liquefied natural gas is 292.30 US$/GJ. It was verified that this cost increased along with electricity. The highest exergy destruction rates were obtained for Expander 1 and Air cooler 2. The highest average cost per exergy unit of fuel was obtained for the vertical separator, followed by Air coolers 1 and 2. An assessment of the exergoeconomic factor indicated that both expanders could benefit from a decrease in exergy destruction, improving the exergoeconomic performance of the overall system. Regarding the relative cost difference, all compressors presented high values and can be enhanced with low efforts.
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Chen, Sibo. "Debating Extractivism: Stakeholder Communications in British Columbia’s Liquefied Natural Gas Controversy." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 215824402098300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020983007.
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Shale gas extraction via hydraulic fracturing has been a controversial issue in many countries. In Canada, the provincial government of British Columbia (BC) has made relentless efforts on developing a liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry targeting potential Asian importers, which has been a heatedly debated public controversy since late 2011. Focusing on the two contending discourse coalitions formed by this policy initiative’s supporters and opponents, respectively, this article explores the intricate economic, political, and ideological struggles underlying Canadian extractivism. A qualitative discourse analysis of related stakeholder communications reveals that the pro-LNG coalition led by the BC Liberal government developed a “progressive extractivism” storyline to frame LNG exports as an unprecedented and ethical economic opportunity deserving the political support of environmentally minded British Columbians. By contrast, the anti-LNG coalition formed by progressive civil organizations, Indigenous groups, and concerned citizens engaged in fierce discursive resistance, notably via (a) adopting mainstream economic knowledge to highlight the fragile economic basis of BC LNG and (b) incorporating potent political issues such as democratic governance and reconciliation to expand public debates beyond the “jobs versus the environment” dichotomy.
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Ababneh, Hani, Ahmed AlNouss, Iftekhar A. Karimi, and Shaheen A. Al-Muhtaseb. "Natural Gas Sweetening Using an Energy-Efficient, State-of-the-Art, Solid–Vapor Separation Process." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 5286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145286.
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With the anticipated rise in global demand for natural gas (NG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG), sour gas reserves are attracting the attention of the gas industry as a potential resource. However, to monetize these reserves, sour natural gas has to be sweetened by removing acid gases (carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide) before liquefaction. The solidification of these acid gases could be the basis for their separation from natural gas. In this study, a state-of-the art solid-vapor (SV) separation unit is developed for removal of acid gases from methane and simulated using a customized Aspen Plus operation unit. The operating principles and conditions, mathematical model, and performance results are presented for the SV unit. Further performance analyses, means of optimization and comparisons to conventional methods used by the industry were studied. Results showed that for similar sweet gas purity, the developed SV unit consumes only 27% of the energy required by the amine sweetening unit. Furthermore, it saves on capital costs, as it requires less equipment and does not suffer from high levels of corrosion.
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Downey, Peter, Jon Thomas, and Mark Stone. "From initial advice statement to export – a 10 year retrospective of Queensland's liquefied natural gas industry." APPEA Journal 59, no. 1 (2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18070.
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A decade on from the submission of project initial advice statements to Queensland Government agencies in 2008, this paper provides a retrospective on the development journey of three integrated coal seam gas (CSG) to liquefied natural gas (LNG) mega-projects currently delivering domestic and international markets. The process from development concept to operating asset is considered from several perspectives including: project rationale, description and delivery, as well as regulatory approvals. Project delivery is further considered in terms of the upstream, midstream and downstream components. The delivery of world first CSG to LNG is discussed in the context of project execution during significant volatility in the global oil, gas and LNG markets. All three projects have successfully completed commissioning and start-up. Although all six trains have been performance tested at name-plate production capacity, current LNG production is below this level. This paper examines their evolution from the initial concepts through to delivery, including current gas reserves and those required to sustain gas supply over expected project life. The paper also considers how these projects and any future expansion of the Queensland LNG industry will be impacted upon by an evolving global LNG market.
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Bannikova, Natalia, Natalia Vorobyeva, and Victoria Sevostyanova. "PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS AND FORECAST OF THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE GAS MARKET DEVELOPMENT." Research of Economic and Financial Problems, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31279/2782-6414-2021-1-1-1-13.
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Introduction. The problem of overcoming negative trends in natural gas trade in the domestic and foreign markets, which arose against the background of the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus, is extremely important for the Russian economy. This article analyzes the key parameters of the gas market development, substantiates the forecast of indicators characterizing the demand in this market, and considers the possible directions of its development. Methods. In the process of researching trends and forecasting in the field of domestic consumption and export of natural gas, trend analysis was used in combination with the study of expert opinions. Results. The analysis of the development and existing difficulties in the gas industry in the world and the Russian Federation is presented. Based on the dynamics of the volumes of consumption of Russian domestic gas, exports of pipeline and liquefied gas, the equations for forecasting these processes are compiled. Conclusions. The positive development of the situation on the domestic market is associated with the implementation of projects in the field of gas processing and gas chemistry, the development of the gas transmission system and the consumption of gas engine fuel. In the field of export, it is necessary to revise the geography of trade and to advance the development of liquefied gas production.
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Wilkes, Martin. "Floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG): is it still a nice niche?" APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16132.
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Two years ago we predicted a bright future for floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) on the back of a decade of strong growth in the LNG industry. This paper provides an update to that previous paper, examining the impact of both low prices and lower than anticipated growth in the LNG markets on the emerging FLNG technology. After more than a decade of strong growth, the outlook for LNG changed in 2015. Although new markets are emerging, growth in these areas is being offset by contraction in the established markets. New supplies are coming on stream, and adding to an already oversupplied market (at least in the short term). As a result market dynamics are continuing to change, presenting challenges to new supply opportunities. Against this background we have seen several both land based LNG and FLNG projects delayed, deferred or cancelled, but it is notable that the only LNG project outside of the USA to obtain sanction in 2015 was an FLNG project in West Africa (the Perenco Cameroon FLNG project). This presentation reexamines the prospects for FLNG, by: examining how the changes in market dynamics have impacted and will impact the development of FLNG; looking at how the change in price expectations has changed the space in which FLNG must operate; providing an update on current FLNG developments around the world; revisiting historical analogies to FLNG developments; and outlining the impact this has for offshore producers in Australia and the region.
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Li, Kun, Xiang Li, and Jianghe Zhang. "Study on the application of natural gas to inland and coastal ships in China." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901062.
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In order to promote the green and low-carbon development of ships and promote shipping energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper systematically combed the development of liquefied natural gas (LNG) powered ships in China's inland ships, deeply studied and analyzed the development characteristics of China's new LNG powered ships and reconstructed LNG powered ships, so as to provided reference experience and lay a foundation for China to continue to promote the application of LNG in the water transportation industry in the future.
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Chen, Qiang, Qingguo Sun, Jia Yan, Yunguang Cui, Lufeng Yang, Xiaojing Yang, and Zhanjun Wu. "Development and Recent Progress of Hoses for Cryogenic Liquid Transportation." Polymers 16, no. 7 (March 26, 2024): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16070905.
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Recently, the application of cryogenic hoses in the field of cryogenic media has become a hot topic, especially in the industry of offshore liquefied natural gas and aerospace field. However, the structure of cryogenic hoses is complex, and reasonable structural properties are required due to the harsh working conditions. There is still plenty of scope for further development to improve the performance in all aspects. In this paper, the current development status of cryogenic hoses for liquefied natural gas (LNG) transportation is reviewed first, including the types, manufacturers, structural forms, performance, and key technical challenges. And then, the recent progress and prospect of cryogenic hoses for cryogenic liquid transportation (such as LNG and liquid oxygen) are summarized, including structure design, low-temperature resistant polymers, liquid oxygen compatible polymers, and leakage monitoring technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research development and application of cryogenic hoses. Moreover, future research directions have been proposed to facilitate its practical applications in aerospace.
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Bagočius, Vygantas, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, and Zenonas Turskis. "SELECTING A LOCATION FOR A LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TERMINAL IN THE EASTERN BALTIC SEA." TRANSPORT 29, no. 1 (March 25, 2014): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.897996.
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Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry is among the fastest growing energy market sectors. The gas terminal in Klaipėda allows Lithuania to import natural gas from various countries around the world. One of the most debatable subjects is the location of the future terminal. The problem pertaining to selection of construction sites for the LNG terminal should be investigated and solved using the set of multiple conflicting criteria. Many researchers argue that similar problems should be solved by applying several different Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. The research presents the model for application of three different MCDM methods and aggregation of solution results for the problem, which is based both on different objective data and on investigation of expert opinions for determining subjective criteria weights for the problem.
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Chinwe Ozowe, Ayemere Ukato, Dazok Donald Jambol, and Gideon Oluseyi Daramola. "Technological innovations in liquefied natural gas operations: Enhancing efficiency and safety." Engineering Science & Technology Journal 5, no. 6 (June 6, 2024): 1909–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/estj.v5i6.1188.
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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has emerged as a crucial component of the global energy mix, driving the need for innovative technologies to enhance efficiency and safety in LNG operations. This abstract provides an overview of key technological innovations in LNG operations, focusing on their impact on efficiency and safety. Efficiency in LNG operations is essential to minimize costs and reduce environmental impact. One significant technological innovation is the development of advanced liquefaction processes, such as the use of mixed refrigerant cycles and dual mixed refrigerant processes, which improve the energy efficiency of LNG plants. Additionally, advancements in boil-off gas re-liquefaction technologies enable the recovery and re-use of boil-off gas, further enhancing efficiency. Safety is paramount in LNG operations due to the flammable nature of LNG. Technological innovations have significantly improved safety measures, including the development of advanced leak detection and emergency shutdown systems. For instance, the use of fiber-optic sensing technology enables real-time monitoring of pipelines and storage tanks, enhancing early leak detection capabilities. Furthermore, the implementation of robust safety management systems and the use of simulation technologies for emergency response planning have further enhanced safety in LNG operations. The integration of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), is transforming LNG operations. AI algorithms can optimize LNG plant operations by analyzing vast amounts of data to improve efficiency and predict maintenance needs. IoT devices enable real-time monitoring of equipment performance and environmental conditions, enhancing safety and efficiency. In conclusion, technological innovations in LNG operations are driving improvements in efficiency and safety. The integration of advanced liquefaction processes, boil-off gas re-liquefaction technologies, and digital technologies is revolutionizing LNG operations, making them more efficient, cost-effective, and safe. These innovations are essential for the continued growth and sustainability of the LNG industry in meeting global energy demands. Keywords: Technological Innovations, LNG, Operations, Enhancing Efficiency, Safety.
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Kazakova, Anastasia I., and Svetlana R. Khafizova. "FEATURES OF NATURAL GAS DEMETHANIZATION PROCESS." Oil and Gas Business, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2023-5-83-106.
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Today, a significant part of the raw materials used in industry consists of natural gas. Thus, an important and urgent task for the further development of the industry is the development of more advanced processes aimed at natural gas treatment and processing of. Low temperature processes in gas processing are widespread due to the increasing demand for individual hydrocarbons and the growing demand for liquefied gases. Low temperature distillation remains the most important method for separating gas mixtures, especially when high throughput is required. The demethanization process is an industrially important example of such a process, which involves the interaction of separation, cooling and heat recovery systems.This article discusses a number of basic methods for low-temperature gas separation, such as condensation, rectification, absorption and separation, as well as the features of their application. Low-temperature separation is carried out in two stages in column-type apparatuses, the first of which demethanization is carried out with methane and C2+ fractions release. An overview of the demethanization process currently used for natural gas refining is given, and the key features of the demethanizer operation are described. The technological design of the process of low-temperature distillation, the design features of the installations are considered, a typical scheme of the demethanization process is given. Various technological schemes of demethanization proposed in patents are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the use of tray and packed contact devices and criteria for choosing a mass transfer column apparatus are given. The demethanization column arrangement is shown, the internal devices of the column, the feed input system, as well as the method of supplying heat to the demethanizer are described.
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PETROV, PETER ILIEV. "New conditions of competition in the European gas market." Public Administration 22, no. 5 (2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2070-8378-2020-22-5-84-92.
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This article aims to discuss the process of liberalization of the natural gas market in the European Union (EU). The purpose of this research is to show the fundamental characteristics of the gas industry, the process of reconstruction of the European gas market, taking into account the ongoing changes in the context of geopolitical, ecological, and technological determinants of the international and European energy and gas sector. The article describes the structure of the modern European natural gas market, compares the competitiveness of gas transportation methods through trunk pipelines and gas tankers transporting liquefied natural gas. The article examines the impact of the increase in the supply of liquefied natural gas on the situation with the turnover of gas trade in the European market, in particular, how it affects the delivery of hydrocarbons and the growth in the scale of exchange trading. The article examines the Groningen model, which influences the development of gas exchange trading and natural gas trading through long-term contracts. The evolution of the European policy in the field of natural gas, the established strictly regulated version of the “well-functioning” gas market, remains as one too political and unstable experiment. The importance of natural gas changes all the time, depending on economics, the security of deliveries, and sustainability. Furthermore, the focus on that importance and its practical application vary in different parts of Europe. The conclusion is made that a “well-functioning” gas market is characterized by the presence of a large number of suppliers, and competition leads to a noticeable decrease in prices for natural gas. However, in the current situation, the demand for gas turns out to be unstable, and difficult conditions for pipeline supplies are emerging for traditional suppliers. In the long term, the “well- functioning” gas market scheme will remain highly politicized and unstable, with increased competition in supply and a downward trend in gas prices. Thus, the European gas market is transforming towards the formation of a “buyer’s market”.
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Botão, Rodrigo Pereira, Hirdan Katarina de Medeiros Costa, and Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos. "Global Gas and LNG Markets: Demand, Supply Dynamics, and Implications for the Future." Energies 16, no. 13 (July 7, 2023): 5223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135223.
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This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the global gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) markets, discussing increasing demand, market volatility, supply and demand dynamics, and the implications of the Paris Agreement on natural gas demand. It emphasizes the potential impacts of decarbonization policies on the LNG market, including changes in energy composition, reduced LNG demand, increased costs, and the need for industry adaptation. The article also examines the future outlook, investment needs, and implications for global gas and LNG markets, highlighting the continued uptake of gas in heavy-duty transport and the importance of investment to avoid supply–demand gaps. Overall, the analysis provides insights into the complex dynamics and challenges facing the global gas and LNG markets in the context of energy transition and climate change mitigation efforts.