Academic literature on the topic 'Liquefied petroleum gas'

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas"

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Prabowo, Eddy, Harianto Harianto, Bambang Juanda, and Dikky Indrawan. "Dynamic Relationship of Macro Variables and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Subsidy Transformation Program." Binus Business Review 14, no. 2 (2023): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v14i2.8557.

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Most Indonesians rely on liquefied petroleum gas as one of their primary sources of energy. Liquefied petroleum gas is classified into subsidized and non-subsidized. Subsidized liquefied petroleum gas is primarily used by low-income households, small businesses, and poor fishermen and farmers for cooking. However, no exit strategy has been established to overcome the increase in government spending on subsidized kerosene introduced in 2008. The problem is that macro variables may influence liquefied petroleum gas economic prices. The research aimed to identify the relationship between macro va
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Yu, Wenwei, Qiaoyun Yang, Yujing Chen, Hongjie Li, and Yantang Huang. "Optical fiber liquefied petroleum gas sensor based on the fluorescence quenching of CdSe quantum dot." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2896, no. 1 (2024): 012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2896/1/012024.

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Abstract A flameproof optical fiber liquefied petroleum gas sensor was designed and fabricated. Bare-core CdSe and CdSe@ZnSeS@ZnS@CdZnS were modified with pentafluorobenzoic acid (FBA) and encapsulated in PMMA as fluorescent probes for liquefied petroleum gas, enhancing the quantum dots’ response to liquefied petroleum gas detection. Both materials exhibited significant fluorescence quenching in the presence of liquefied petroleum gas, with the Stern-Volmer plot showing a good linear relationship with the gas. A detection optical path was designed, and the relationship between fluorescence int
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Ozer, Salih, Mehmet Akcay, and Erdinc Vural. "Effects of liquefed petroleum gas use in a turbocharged stratified injection engine using ethanol/gasoline as pilot fuel." Thermal Science 25, Spec. issue 1 (2021): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200517010o.

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The production of engines using turbocharged stratified injection technology has increased rapidly in recent years. In addition, the use of liquefied petroleum gas, which is an environmental and economical fuel, is increasing in vehicles. While liquefied petroleum gas cannot be used in turbocharged stratified injection engines before, liquefied petroleum gas kits have become applicable to these types of engines with the development of technology. Turbocharged stratified injection is used to provide the first ignition of liquid fuel in engines. Therefore, liquid fuel is sprayed from the injecto
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Yang, Rui, Ye Chen, Tao Liu, Nenghong Zheng, and Fengbing Xia. "Numerical Simulation Analysis of Force on 50m³ Small Liquefied Gas Spherical Tank." International Journal of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 3, no. 2 (2024): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijmee.v3n2.03.

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The strength of liquefied petroleum gas tank is related to production safety. In this paper, aiming at the structural strength of a 50m³ liquefied petroleum gas tank, ANSYS software is used for modeling and strength solving, and the strength of the spherical tank pillar is calculated. The results show that the strength of the liquefied petroleum gas tank meets the design strength standard and is safe.
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Сhernyavskyy, M. V., Ye S. Miroshnychenko, and O. Yu Provalov. "FEATURES OF THE USE OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS AS A RESERVE AND ALTERNATIVE FUEL AT COAL-BASED CHP PLANTS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 4 (December 20, 2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.4.2022.01.

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The paper analyzes the main properties of liquefied petroleum gas and the peculiarities of its energy use compared to natural gas, including taking into account the specifics of the operation of pulverized coal boiler units of the CHP. The advantages of liquefied petroleum gas compared to heavy fuel oil are shown and a comparative economic assessment of their use is given. It is shown that interchangeability with natural gas is ensured by mixing the vaporized liquefied petroleum gas with air to form a homogeneous mixture — synthetic natural gas, which can be directly used in burners as a direc
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Aquila, Isabella, Cristoforo Ricci, Matteo Antonio Sacco, et al. "The role of ethanethiol in deaths from acute poisoning by gas mixtures: A suicide case involving a decomposed corpse and a review of the literature." Medico-Legal Journal 88, no. 4 (2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817219891948.

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The most common volatile substances used in suicide are liquefied petroleum gas mixtures, which consist of propane and butane gases mixed in different proportions. These substances are odourless and colourless. Some substances, such as ethanethiol, are added to liquefied petroleum gas mixtures to provide a garlic scent. The main causes of death in acute liquefied petroleum gas inhalation are cardiac arrest and asphyxia, but determining the manner of death is difficult. We present a case of a 30-year-old man found dead at home. On his head was a black plastic bag with a hole through which he ha
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Thao, Truong Duc, Vu Dao Tung Phuong, Bui Cam Phuong, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Pham Van Minh, and Duong Minh Tu. "Intention to apply total quality management in petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas in Vietnam’s enterprises." Russian Management Journal 19, no. 4 (2022): 494–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2021.406.

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The purpose of this study is to point out the factors that promote and hinder the intention to apply TQM in petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas enterprises in Vietnam. The study was conducted based on survey data of 486 petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas enterprises in Vietnam with the respondents being members of the business leadership or the person in charge of quality management and collected during the period from October 2020 to February 2021.The results show that the factors (1) Perception of the effectiveness of TQM; (2) Perceived ease of use of TQM; (3) Perceived effectiveness of
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Hsieh, Yi-Chih, Peng-Sheng You, and Cheng-Sheng Chen. "Scheduling the periodic delivery of liquefied petroleum gas tank with time window by using artificial intelligence approaches: An example in Taiwan." Science Progress 104, no. 3_suppl (2021): 003685042110403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211040355.

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Introduction In Taiwan, liquefied petroleum gas tank users have to call a gas company to deliver a full liquefied petroleum gas tank when their tank is out of gas. The calls usually congest in the cooking time and the customers have to wait for a long time for a full liquefied petroleum gas tank. Additionally, allocating manpower is difficult for the gas company. Objectives A strategy of periodic delivery for gas companies was presented to deliver liquefied petroleum gas tanks in advance and charge the gas fee based on the weight of returned tanks. Additionally, a new encoding scheme was propo
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Kirkbride, K. P., and C. H. Manock. "Fatal Respiration of Liquefied Petroleum Gas." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 13, no. 4 (1992): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-199212000-00019.

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Lu, H., and H. You. "Aromatization Reaction of Liquefied Petroleum Gas." Petroleum Science and Technology 28, no. 8 (2010): 816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460903070496.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas"

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Kwan, Kwok-wing, and 關國榮. "Marketing strategies for liquefied petroleum gas." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264967.

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Avery, G. W. "Fire spread in liquefied petroleum gas cylinder stores." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618628.

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Yang, Bo. "Laminar burning velocity of liquefied petroleum gas mixtures." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35958.

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This thesis reports experimental and theoretical studies of the laminar burning velocity of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) measured using the constant volume bomb method. The test rig designed at Loughborough University was a rigid and spherical chamber with central ignition. The LPG gas used in this study is a mixture of propane and n-butane with volume percentage of n-butane ranging from 0 to 100. The laminar burning velocities of the LPG/air mixtures have been determined over a range of equivalence ratios (0.7 to 1.4), unburnt gas pressures and temperatures (0.5 to 37 bar and 293 to 530 K re
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Wong, Kin-hou Matthew. "Liquefied gas network in Hong Kong supply & distribution /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19872070.

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Cremeens, Kevin Wayne. "Predicting exhaust emissions of a liquefied petroleum gas engine /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1404349501&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Wong, Kin-hou Matthew, and 王健豪. "Liquefied gas network in Hong Kong supply & distribution." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269412.

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Hardy, Nicholas Richard. "The physical modelling of two phase releases following the sudden failure of pressurised vessels." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291746.

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Carvalho, Paulo Moreira de. "Modeling the electrical submersible jet pump producing high gas-liquid-ratio petroleum wells /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Tsou, Shao-Hwei 1969. "Strategic design for imported liquefied petroleum gas distribution systems in East China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47911.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).<br>Numerous foreign investors are entering the Chinese energy markets. In China more than 50% of energy is consumed in the form of coal. In order to improve the environment, the Chinese government encourages the usage of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. It takes long time and lots of money for China to build up its natural gas grids. However, liquefied petroleum gas has been widely applied to China in recently years. With so many o
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Tsui, Bing-cheung. "LPG vehicles : will they replace small diesel vehicles in Hong Kong? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19946041.

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Books on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas"

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Oregon. State Fire Marshal. License and Permit Services Unit., ed. Liquefied petroleum gas. Office of State Fire Marshal, Dept. of Oregon State Police, License and Permit Services Unit, 1995.

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Group, CONCAWE Petroleum Products, and CONCAWE Health Management Group, eds. Liquefied petroleum gas. CONCAWE, 1992.

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L, Walls Wilbur, and National Fire Protection Association, eds. Liquefied petroleum gases handbook. National Fire Protection Association, 1986.

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C, Lemoff Theodore, and National Fire Protection Association, eds. Liquefied petroleum gases handbook. 3rd ed. National Fire Protection Association, 1992.

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C, Lemoff Theodore, and National Fire Protection Association, eds. Liquefied petroleum gases handbook. 2nd ed. National Fire Protection Association, 1989.

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Inc, Clean Fuels Consulting, ed. World review of the liquefied petroleum gas industry. Clean Fuels Consulting Inc., 1993.

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Inc, Clean Fuels Consulting, ed. World review of the liquefied petroleum gas industry. Clean Fuels Consulting Inc., 1993.

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Nihon Enerugī Keizai Kenkyūjo. Sekiyu Jōhō Sentā., ed. Heisei 17-nendo kaigai LP gasu kakaku chōsa hōkokusho. Nihon Enerugī Keizai Kenkyūjo Sekiyu Jōhō Sentā, 2006.

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Nihon Enerugī Keizai Kenkyūjo. Sekiyu Jōhō Sentā. Heisei 21-nendo kaigai LP gasu kakaku chōsa hōkokusho. Nihon Enerugī Keizai Kenkyūjo Sekiyu Jōhō Sentā, 2010.

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(Japan), Genshiryoku Anzen Hoanʼin, and Mitsubishi UFJ Risāchi & Konsarutingu., eds. Risuku manejimento bunseki chōsa hōkokusho: Heisei 18-nendo sekiyu gasu kyōkyū jigyō anzen kanri gijutsu kaihatsu tō jigyō. Keizai Sangyōshō Genshiryoku Anzen Hoanʼin, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas"

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Falkiner, Robert J., and Andy Pickard. "Chapter 6 | Liquefied Petroleum Gas." In Fuels and Lubricants Handbook: Technology, Properties, Performance, and Testing, 2nd Edition. ASTM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mnl3720170016.

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Creese, Robert C. "Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) Cylinders Case Study." In Geometric Programming for Design and Cost Optimization. Springer International Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79324-0_11.

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Creese, Robert C. "Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Cylinders Case Study." In Geometric Programming for Design and Cost Optimization. Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79330-1_15.

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Dash, Kishan, and Sikata Samantaray. "Performance Characterization of Domestic Liquefied Petroleum Gas Cookstove." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7214-0_36.

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Sturm, Lukas, Semih Severengiz, Dhanashri Satish Salokhe, and Gaurav Bhatia. "Criteria-Driven Comparison of Hydrogen, Charcoal and Liquefied Petroleum Gas as Cooking Fuels Based on a Systematic Literature Review." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77429-4_10.

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AbstractGreen Hydrogen could be used as a sustainable cooking fuel, especially in countries of the global south in which cooking with carbon-based, or biomass fuels is prevalent. This paper presents a criteria based assessment of the sustainability of cooking with hydrogen in comparison to charcoal and liquefied petroleum gas. The research methodology adopts a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive overview of the research. Based on this, a morphological analysis is conducted to display possible hydrogen cooking scenarios. A chosen hydrogen scenario is then subjected to a sust
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Szpytko, Janusz, Lenier Aleman Hurtado, and Yorlandys Salgado Duarte. "Liquefied Petroleum Gas Transport Service Improvement via Telematics Support." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27547-1_18.

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bin Mohd Zain, Mohamad Shukri, Shahril Nizam bin Mohamed Soid, Mior Firdaus bin Mior Abd Majid, and Mohd Nurhidayat bin Zahelem. "Performance Characteristics of a Small Engine Fueled by Liquefied Petroleum Gas." In Advanced Structured Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05621-6_18.

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Lopes, Cristina, Aldina Correia, Eliana Costa e Silva, Magda Monteiro, and Rui Borges Lopes. "Reverse Logistics Modelling of Assets Acquisition in a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Company." In Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2018. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27550-1_18.

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Osipova, N. N., S. G. Kultyaev, and U. A. Orlova. "Evaporation Capacity of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Composite Vessels in Natural Regasification Mode." In SMART Automatics and Energy. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8759-4_27.

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Feng, Jing, Qian Sheng, Chao Wen Luo, and Jing Zeng. "The Application of Hydraulic Fracturing in Storage Projects of Liquefied Petroleum Gas." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.1509.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas"

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Mohitpour, Mo, Andrew Jenkins, and Tom Babuk. "Pipelining Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10032.

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Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of light hydrocarbons, gaseous at normal temperature (15°C) and pressure (101.329 kPa) and maintained in the liquid state by increased pressure or lowered temperature. LPG is the generic name for “commercial butane” and “commercial propane”. Because of its high heating values, high purity, cleanness of combustion and easy of handling, LPG finds very wide application in a large variety of industrial, commercial, domestic and leisure uses. The history of LPG goes back to the early 1900s. The first car powered by propane ran in 1913 and by 1915 propane w
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Duarte, Pedro, and Federico Fernandez. "Automation of a LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) Plant." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Automation/XXV Congress of the Chilean Association of Automatic Control (ICA-ACCA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ica-acca56767.2022.10006189.

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Russell, Robert L., Kent Johnson, Thomas Durbin, Nicole Davis, and James Lents. "Regulated Emissions from Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Powered Vehicles." In SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1455.

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Dahab, Kyle Andrey Tajale, Andrea Nicole Esconde Medina, Mark Anthony Umali Siena, Joseph Darwin Celso Co, Criselle Jose Centeno, and Domingo Valenzuela Tanael. "Implementation of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Leakage Detection System." In AICCC 2022: 2022 5th Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing Conference. ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3582099.3582138.

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Chen, Siting, Yi Song, Yunchuan Li, and Hongjun Wang. "Liquefied Petroleum Gas Concentration Prediction Based on Regression Model." In 2023 18th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iske60036.2023.10481378.

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Guohua Shi, Youyin Jing, and Yuefen Gao. "A liquefied petroleum gas gasification system utilizing solar thermal energy." In 2008 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2008.4582803.

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Wang, Xiao-ming. "Notice of Retraction Rescue of liquefied petroleum gas tanker accident." In 2011 2nd IEEE International Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemms.2011.6015658.

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Muzaffar, Atif, Muhammad Hasnain Tariq, Ahmad Abbas, Muhammad Tayyab, and Taqi Ahmad Cheema. "Refrigeration Potential Investigation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas under Atmospheric Conditions." In ICAME-22. MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/engproc2022023032.

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Lamamra, Kheireddine, and Djamil Rechem. "Artificial neural network modelling of a gas sensor for liquefied petroleum gas detection." In 2016 8th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmic.2016.7804292.

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Jabbar, Mohammed Sattar, and Rana Th A. Alrubaye. "Metal organic frameworks as gas storage for liquefied petroleum gas vehicle in Iraq." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND POWER, ICEP2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0108325.

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Reports on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas"

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Huang, Y., R. D. Matthews, and E. T. Popova. Texas Bi-Fuel Liquefied Petroleum Gas Pickup Study: Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/9552.

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Gregor, J. H., C. D. Gosling, and H. E. Fullerton. Upgrading Fischer-Tropsch LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) with the Cyclar process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7171062.

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Motta, R. C., K. J. Kelly, and W. W. Warnock. Compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas conversions: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory`s experience. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/257404.

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Harris, Georgia L., and Val R. Miller. Specifications and tolerances for liquefied petroleum gas and anhydrous ammonia liquid volumetric provers. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.hb.105-4-2016.

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Yusaf, T., I. Hussein, M. Y. Zamri, and A. Kuzi. Experimental Work on the Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas in Single Cylinder Petrol Engine. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-32-0084.

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Cindy, Massita Ayu, Akhmad Hanan, Ahmad Munawir Siregar, and Hidayatul Mustafidah Rohmawati. Laporan Hasil Studi Konversi Liquified Petroleum Gas ke Compressed Natural Gas untuk Sektor Industri dan UMKM di Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/pycrr-2.

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Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) merupakan bahan bakar yang umum digunakan di Indonesia, termasuk untuk sektor industri dan UMKM. Namun, penggunaan LPG memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, seperti harganya yang relatif tinggi dan ketersediaannya yang terbatas. Saat ini, sektor industri dan UMKM di Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) banyak yang menggunakan LPG 3 kg golongan subsidi. LPG 3 kg subsidi adalah bahan bakar gas elpiji yang disubsidi oleh pemerintah. LPG 3 kg subsidi diperuntukkan bagi rumah tangga dan usaha mikro yang menggunakan LPG untuk memasak. LPG 3 kg subsidi dijual denga
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Belaid, Fateh, and Mohamad Hejazi. Progress and Gaps in the Adoption of Clean Cooking Fuels in Africa – Policy Options for Ghana and Kenya. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2025. https://doi.org/10.30573/ks--2025-dp09.

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Access to clean cooking fuels is vital for public health, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines the key barriers to adopting clean cooking fuels in Ghana and Kenya, asking. Despite progress in urban areas toward liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity, rural households remain reliant on biomass fuels like wood and charcoal, leading to indoor air pollution and environmental harm. This dependence imposes significant costs, estimated at $18 billion annually in Ghana and $39 billion in Kenya. To address these challenges, targe
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Harris, Georgia L. Specifications and tolerances for reference standards and field standard weights and measures 4. specifications and tolerances for liquefied petroleum gas and anhydrous ammonia liquid volumetric provers. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.hb.105-4.

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Awasthy, Ayushi. The Impact of LPG Adoption on Time Allocation, Employment, and Earnings in Kenya. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2025. https://doi.org/10.30573/ks--2025-dp29.

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This study investigates how access to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) affects time allocation, employment, and earnings in Kenya, using data from the country’s first nationally representative time use survey, Kenya Time Use Survey 2021 (KTUS) (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 2023a), merged with the Kenya Continuous Household Survey Programme 2023 (KCHS) (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 2023b). The study examines whether LPG adoption reduces unpaid domestic labor and whether the resulting time savings are reallocated to paid work, particularly among women. The results show that men genera
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Tanthapanichakoon, Wiwut, and Anchaleeporn Waritswat Lothongkum. Optimization of the debutanizer in platforming unit using PRO/II. Chulalongkorn University, 2004. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2004.71.

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To present the simulation model and the optimization of the operating conditions for the debutanizer of a platforming unit in a refinery plant using PRO/II for the most profit based on product quality constraints by varying the debutanizer column pressure and reboiler heat duty. The simulation models were simulated using PRO/II and the actual characteristic data of the debutanizer under steady state operation. The simulation results of the base case were found to agree well with the actual operating data. According to the preliminary economic evaluation by the optimization at the debutanizer c
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