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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid Bleach Manufacturing Plant Cost'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Jurichich, S., S. C. Wood, and K. C. Saraswat. "Manufacturing cost of active-matrix liquid-crystal displays as a function of plant capacity." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 9, no. 4 (1996): 562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/66.542171.

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2

Rueda, E., S. A. Tassou, and I. N. Grace. "Fault detection and diagnosis in liquid chillers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 219, no. 2 (2005): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440805x8575.

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Automated fault detection and diagnosis of refrigeration equipment is important in maintaining efficient performance, reducing energy consumption, and increasing the reliability and availability of these systems. The reducing costs of microprocessor technology and the incorporation of more sophisticated monitoring equipment on to even fairly small refrigeration plant, now makes the introduction of on-line fault detection and diagnosis on refrigeration equipment feasible and cost effective. This paper reports on the development of a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system for liquid chillers

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Rohit, Soni* Rajesh Kumar Singh. "DESIGN & TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF THERMAL SHUT-OFF VALVE FOR THERMAL POWER PLANT BY USING ANSYS SOFTWARE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 5 (2017): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.571732.

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Most flow applications require valve for flow of liquid, and usually the parameter of concern is the Most flow applications require regulating the flow of liquid, and usually the parameter of concern is the finite element analysis. There are many authors work on this pressure valve and thermal set up valve. This paper includes study of various papers related to self-regulating pressure valve and other flow. In this project focus on flow of liquid between chamber. .Electronic valves are available, however the intent of this design project is have a total mechanical system, which has an in built

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Waheed, Fatima, Marwa Omar, Syed Zakria Ibrahim, Rafay Chugtai, and S. M. Haider Aejaz. "Application of Industrial IoT in Developing a Sustainable and Automatic Liquid Filling Plant." Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (2023): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.57041/pjosr.v3i1.1047.

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Automation control is of utmost importance in today's rapidly changing world. It has become a key driver of innovation, growth, and sustainability. In this hour of need, controllers, i.e., PLCs, are necessary due to the increasing demand for automation in industries. PLCs offer a reliable and efficient way to control and monitor complex systems and automate repetitive and time-consuming tasks. This reduces labour costs and increases the production efficiency. This paper proposes an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) based automatic bottle filling and sorting plant using a Programmable Logic

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Hytönen, Eemeli, Lotta Sorsamäki, Erik Kolehmainen, Michael Sturm, and Niklas von Weymarn. "Lyocell fibre production using NMMO – A simulation-based techno-economic analysis." BioResources 18, no. 3 (2023): 6384–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.3.6384-6411.

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The demand for man-made cellulosic fibres is expected to grow in the future. One commercially-available concept to supply fibres is Lyocell manufacturing from dissolving wood pulps using N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) as the solvent. The literature qualitatively indicates that NMMO recycling efficiency is a key factor for profitable operation. Process design information and parameter data are however poorly available publicly to illustrate the cost factors. Therefore, systematic techno-economic analysis of a 50 kt/year Lyocell plant was conducted using steady-state process simulation and co

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Schmidt, Axel, Maximilian Sixt, Maximilian Huter, Fabian Mestmäcker, and Jochen Strube. "Systematic and Model-Assisted Process Design for the Extraction and Purification of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L.—Part II: Model-Based Design of Agitated and Packed Columns for Multistage Extraction and Scrubbing." Processes 6, no. 10 (2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6100179.

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Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is an established unit operation in the manufacturing process of many products. However, development and integration of multistage LLE for new products and separation routes is often hindered and is probably more cost intensive due to a lack of robust development strategies and reliable process models. Even today, extraction columns are designed based on pilot plant experiments. For dimensioning, knowledge of phase equilibrium, hydrodynamics and mass transport kinetics are necessary. Usually, those must be determined experimentally for scale-up, at least in scale

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Fuente-Maqueda, Francisco, Ana Rodríguez, Juan Majada, Belén Fernández, and Isabel Feito. "Methodology optimization for the analysis of phenolic compounds in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)." Food Science and Technology International 26, no. 6 (2020): 520–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013220911782.

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Phenols are bioactive substances of great interest because of their involvement in plant physiology, their use in many industrial processes, and their impact on human health. This work aims to summarize the varied approaches to the phenolic analysis of chestnut (bark and wood of trunk and branches, leaves, catkins, burs, and fruit) and to collate the optimal conditions into an easy to follow and execute protocol. Phenolic compounds were extracted by solid–liquid extraction and separated by liquid–liquid extraction. Total phenols content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, condensed tannin

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Iniesta-López, Eduardo, Adrián Hernández-Fernández, Yolanda Garrido, Ioannis A. Ieropoulos, and Francisco José Hernández-Fernández. "Microbial Fuel Cell Using a Novel Ionic Liquid-Type Membrane–Cathode Assembly for Animal Slurry Treatment and Fertilizer Production." Fermentation 9, no. 9 (2023): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090844.

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The implementation of a microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment and bioenergy production requires a cost reduction, especially when it comes to the ion exchange membrane part and the catalysts needed for this purpose. Ionic liquids in their immobilized phase in proton exchange membranes and non-noble catalysts, as alternatives to conventional systems, have been intensively investigated in recent years. In the present study, a new microbial fuel cell technology, based on an ionic liquid membrane assembly for CoCu mixed oxide catalysts, is proposed to treat animal slurry. The new low-cost m

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Fiorentini, Carlo, Max Taverna, and Tony Griffiths. "Latest Manufacturing Solutions for Slabstock Foams." Cellular Polymers 13, no. 5 (1994): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939401300502.

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As environmental pressure increases worldwide, it is becoming necessary for foamers to eliminate chlorinated products - such as chloro fluoro carbons (CFCs), methylene chloride, 1.1.1 trichloroethane - or any type of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) from their production. In some countries these additives have already been banned: the impact on the flexible foam industries would be to increase foam prices and to eliminate certain soft grades. The use of liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) as an expanding agent in a polyurethane foam is a good and well accepted idea. Handling this liquid, which gasse

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Alsudani, Farah T., Abdullah N. Saeed, Nisreen S. Ali, et al. "Fisher–Tropsch Synthesis for Conversion of Methane into Liquid Hydrocarbons through Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Process: A Review." Methane 2, no. 1 (2023): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/methane2010002.

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The interest in Gas-to-Liquid technology (GTL) is growing worldwide because it involves a two-step indirect conversion of natural gas to higher hydrocarbons ranging from Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) to paraffin wax. GTL makes it possible to obtain clean diesel, naphtha, lubes, olefins, and other industrially important organics from natural gas. This article is a brief review discussing the state-of-the-art of GTL, including the basics of syngas manufacturing as a source for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), hydrocarbons synthesis (Fischer-Tropsch process), and product upgrading. Each one is an

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Fikri, Nidaru Ainul, and Endang Pudji Widjajati. "PENENTUAN INTERVAL PERAWATAN MESIN AIR SEPARATION PLANT SECARA PREVENTIVE DOWNTIME MAINTENANCE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AGE REPLACEMENT PADA PT. XYZ." JUMINTEN 1, no. 3 (2020): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/juminten.v1i3.114.

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One way to increase productivity is by reducing downtime on production machine in general, downtime is divided by planned downtime and unplanned downtime. Downtime can be minimized by conducting preventive maintenance. PT. XYZ is a company engaged liquid oksigen, nitrogen and argon manufacturing. In their maintenance system PT. XYZ is still using corrective maintenance method where repair will be conducted if any damage has been occured. There fore this research is conducted to determine maintenance time interval using age replacement method. This research subject is air sparation plant

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12

Chen, Fenglin, Ziyang Cheng, Lei Jiang, and Zhichao Dong. "Capillary Wicking on Heliamphora minor-Mimicking Mesoscopic Trichomes Array." Biomimetics 9, no. 2 (2024): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9020102.

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Liquid spontaneously spreads on rough lyophilic surfaces, and this is driven by capillarity and defined as capillary wicking. Extensive studies on microtextured surfaces have been applied to microfluidics and their corresponding manufacturing. However, the imbibition at mesoscale roughness has seldom been studied due to lacking fabrication techniques. Inspired by the South American pitcher plant Heliamphora minor, which wicks water on its pubescent inside wall for lubrication and drainage, we implemented 3D printing to fabricate a mimetic mesoscopic trichomes array and investigated the high-fl

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13

Gingerich, Daniel B., Xiaodi Sun, A. Patrick Behrer, Inês L. Azevedo, and Meagan S. Mauter. "Spatially resolved air-water emissions tradeoffs improve regulatory impact analyses for electricity generation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (2017): 1862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524396114.

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Coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) generate air, water, and solids emissions that impose substantial human health, environmental, and climate change (HEC) damages. This work demonstrates the importance of accounting for cross-media emissions tradeoffs, plant and regional emissions factors, and spatially variation in the marginal damages of air emissions when performing regulatory impact analyses for electric power generation. As a case study, we assess the benefits and costs of treating wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater at US CFPPs using the two best available treatment technology opt

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14

Leah, Robert, Adam Bone, Per Hjalmarsson, et al. "Commercialization of Ceres SteelCell^® Technology for Power Generation and Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015422mtgabs.

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Ceres’ unique metal supported SOC technology is increasingly establishing itself as the global standard for SOC, combining robustness, efficiency and low manufacturing cost. The technology is rapidly moving from demonstration to true volume production, with Robert Bosch GmbH in Germany and Doosan Fuel Cell in South Korea both having licenses to manufacture Ceres SteelCell® cells and stacks at the hundreds of MW per year scale with factories under construction. Ceres currently have manufacturing plants making MW of stacks per year. Ceres SteelCell® technology has a wide range of applications in

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15

Dahmen, Nicolaus, and Jörg Sauer. "Evaluation of Techno-Economic Studies on the bioliq® Process for Synthetic Fuels Production from Biomass." Processes 9, no. 4 (2021): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040684.

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Techno-economic studies by various research institutions on the costs for the production of biomass to liquid (BtL) fuels using the bioliq® process were analyzed and evaluated. The bioliq® process consists of decentralized pretreatment by fast pyrolysis plants for biomass energy densification, and of a central gasification and synthesis step for synthesis of gas and synthetic fuel production. For comparison, specific material and energy flows were worked out for both process steps, and conversion efficiencies were calculated for the conversion of straw to diesel fuel via the Fischer-Tropsch sy

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16

Ansari, Md Obaidullah, Somnath Chattopadhyaya, Joyjeet Ghose, et al. "Productivity Enhancement by Prediction of Liquid Steel Breakout during Continuous Casting Process in Manufacturing of Steel Slabs in Steel Plant Using Artificial Neural Network with Backpropagation Algorithms." Materials 15, no. 2 (2022): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020670.

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Breakout is one of the major accidents that often arise in the continuous casting shops of steel slabs in Bokaro Steel Plant, Jharkhand, India. Breakouts cause huge capital loss, reduced productivity, and create safety hazards. The existing system is not capable of predicting breakout accurately, as it considers only one process parameter, i.e., thermocouple temperature. The system also generates false alarms. Several other process parameters must also be considered to predict breakout accurately. This work has considered multiple process parameters (casting speed, mold level, thermocouple tem

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17

Sabania, Ikrimah Nur, Silvia Indriyani, Alista Dwis Gymnasti, Sutanto Sutanto, Eka Herlina, and Siti Warnasih. "PEMANFAATAN KOTORAN TERNAK KAMBING SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DI DESA KALONG LIUD." Jurnal Abdi Inovatif (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) 3, no. 2 (2024): 111–24. https://doi.org/10.31938/jai.v3i2.752.

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The decrease in crop yields was caused by dry soil quality due to prolonged drought and excessive inorganic fertilizers in Kalong Liud village that were not adapted to plant needs, which could lead to a decrease in soil productivity. On the other hand, livestock waste (goat manure) that has not been managed optimally, often faced by livestock breeders and farmers, has good potential to help increase soil fertility on agricultural land at a reasonably low cost. The proposed solution to this problem is to switch to environmentally friendly organic fertilizer because it reduces the use of chemica

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18

Pogorelova, Natalya, and Natalya Gavrilova. "Conversion of Wheat Bran into Target Biosynthetic Products." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 53, no. 1 (2023): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2023-1-2414.

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A more efficient bioconversion of renewable plant resources is a priority in modern biotechnology. An important aspect of the processing and pretreatment of cellulose raw materials is to obtain a high content of reducing substances in the final product. The present research objective was to determine the optimal conditions for the chemical transformation of plant polymers to obtain biologically valuable substances. The research results will reduce the final cost of biotechnological production. This research featured wheat bran polymers treated with sulfuric acid and relied on a set of st

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19

Robiati, Roman. "Pre-design of Biphenyl Chemical Factory from Benzene with Capacity of 10.000 Ton Per Year." Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v1i1.1.

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The design of a biphenyl chemical plant from benzene with a capacity of 10,000 tons/year will be built in Tuban, East Java with a land area of 10,010 m2. The raw material in the form of Benzene is obtained from Trans-Pacific Petrochemical Indotama (TPPI), Tuban. The factory is designed to operate continuously for 330 days, 24 hours per day, and requires 214 employees. Biphenyl preparation begins with reacting benzene (2,807.74 kg/hour) in a Pipe Flow Reactor (R-01) at a reactor temperature of 377 oC and a pressure of 2 atm. This reaction takes place with a conversion of 90% and is endothermi

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20

Grinyov, B., V. Cherginets, T. Rebrova, et al. "Technology for the Nondestructive Reprocessing of Sodium Iodide Technogenic Solutions into a Charge for Single Crystal Growth." Science and Innovation 19, no. 1 (2023): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine19.01.063.

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Introduction. The production of NaI-based single crystals results in accumulation of great amount of liquid waste. To bring valuable constituents of this waste back, the NaI technogenic solutions are treated to precipitate iodine that is further used in the synthesis of high-pure NaI. However, the least contaminated part of the waste may be brought back into the main technological process without the intermediary stage of iodine destruction, which allows a considerable cost saving.Problem Statement. There have been no data on the effective purification coefficients for NaI solutions subsequent

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21

de Groot, Arend, Sara Fabrizio, Giulia Marcandali, et al. "(Invited) Looking Beyond the Stack: A Systems Engineering Approach to Optimize Stack and System Design of Electrolysers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (2024): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341865mtgabs.

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In the coming decade green hydrogen production is expected to grow at an unparalleled rate. Much of the international focus is currently on the Gigawatt scale plants, with regular announcement of new projects. From a European perspective, the rapid scale-up is necessary to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and achieve CO₂ reduction targets. Importing green hydrogen or derivatives such as ammonia from regions where renewable electricity cost are low, is key driver for investments for the energy intensive industry, especially in the North Western part of Europe. This will require hydrogen prod

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22

Kadilaeva, Z. A. "Establishment of quality standards for syrup from viburnum fruit meal." Farmacevticheskoe delo i tehnologija lekarstv (Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology), no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-13-2401-01.

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An adjusted dosage form has been developed in the form of a syrup using low-waste technology — from the meal of the fruits of Viburnum viburnum. Viburnum fruit meal contains higher fatty acids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and carotenoids. Medicines of plant origin have a number of undeniable advantages compared to synthetic ones, since their composition ensures safety and better tolerability due to the variety of biologically active substances (BAS) of plants, they can have a complex effect on the body, and they can be used for a long time. However, the main issue is that, despite their high

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23

Ahn, Hyung, Hyun You, Myung Park, Tony Johnston, Seockmo Ku та Geun Ji. "Biocatalysis of Platycoside E and Platycodin D3 Using Fungal Extracellular β-Glucosidase Responsible for Rapid Platycodin D Production". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, № 9 (2018): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092671.

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Platycodi radix (i.e., Platycodon grandiflorum root) products (e.g., tea, cosmetics, and herbal supplements) are popular in East Asian nutraceutical markets due to their reported health benefits and positive consumer perceptions. Platycosides are the key drivers of Platycodi radixes’ biofunctional effects; their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical activities are primarily related to the number and varieties of sugar side-chains. Among the various platycosides, platycodin D is a major saponin that demonstrates various nutraceutical activities. Therefore, the development of a novel technology to in

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24

Christian, Adams. "Liquid Bleach Manufacturing Plant Project Report 2022-2027 | Syndicated Analytics." April 6, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6417094.

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The increasing product utilization as an active ingredient in water treatment and cleaning solutions, owing to its powerful disinfection qualities, is primarily driving the liquid bleach market. Additionally, the widespread adoption of liquid bleach across the food and beverage (F&B) industry to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms is further catalyzing the market growth.

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Christian, Adams. "Liquid Bleach Manufacturing Plant Project Report 2022-2027 | Syndicated Analytics." January 19, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5875471.

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The increasing product utilization as an active ingredient in water treatment and cleaning solutions, owing to its powerful disinfection qualities, is primarily driving the liquid bleach market. Additionally, the widespread adoption of liquid bleach across the food and beverage (F&B) industry to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms is further catalyzing the market growth. Besides this, the growing consumer awareness towards the need for regular and proper disinfection of office spaces, public restrooms, malls, complexes, etc., on account of the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pa

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26

Nold, Natalie M., Eric Pearson, and Caryn L. Heldt. "Economic simulation of batch and continuous aqueous two‐phase purification for viral products." Biotechnology Progress, October 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.3397.

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AbstractVaccine manufacturing strategies that lower capital and production costs could improve vaccine access by reducing the cost per dose and encouraging localized manufacturing. Continuous processing is increasingly utilized to drive lower costs in biological manufacturing by requiring fewer capital and operating resources. Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) are a liquid–liquid extraction technique that enables continuous processing for viral vectors. To date, no economic comparison between viral vector purifications using traditional methods and ATPS has been published. In this work, economi

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27

Petre, Catalin Florin, Simon Piché, André Normandin, and Faical Larachi. "Advances in Chemical Oxidation of Total Reduced Sulfur from Kraft Mills Atmospheric Effluents." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 5, no. 1 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1542-6580.1574.

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Chemical oxidation techniques in use for the reduction of malodorous total reduced sulfur (TRS) emissions in the kraft mills atmospheric effluents were reviewed with an emphasis on recent industrial improvements in chlorine dioxide (ClO2) oxidation of TRS as well as on laboratory developments of an iron-based chemistry process. The ClO2 approach was implemented successfully at the industrial scale in two Québec kraft mills. The approach consisted in mixing the non-condensable gases (NCG) containing the TRS with gaseous chlorine dioxide obtained either as a residue from a bleach plant vent stre

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28

Sfetsas, Themistoklis, Stefanos Patsatzis, Afroditi Chioti, et al. "A review of advances in valorization and post-treatment of anaerobic digestion liquid fraction effluent." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, January 21, 2022, 0734242X2110730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x211073000.

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Traditionally, digestate is considered a waste, which is used as fertiliser in the agriculture industry. Recent studies focus on increasing the profitability of digestate by extracting reusable nutrients to promote biogas plants cost-effectiveness, sustainable management and circular economy. This review focuses on the post-treatment and valorization of liquor which is produced by solid–liquid fractioning of digestate. Nutrient recovery and removal from liquor are possible through mechanical, physicochemical and biological procedures. The processes discussed involve complex procedures that dif

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29

Cheng, Hai-Hsuan, Wan-Sheng Yu, Shu-Chuang Tseng, et al. "Reclaimed water in Taiwan: current status and future prospects." Sustainable Environment Research 33, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42834-023-00177-8.

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AbstractAccording to the Taiwan Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, the average water demand shortage is 530.6 million m3 yr−1 during the period of 2011 to 2019, and the situation will worsen in the near future due to global climate change. Therefore, reclaimed water has been an important new water source in Taiwan, particularly for industrial consumers such as high-tech industries in Science Parks. In order to meet the targeted reclaimed water supply of 1.32 million m3 d−1 (CMD) in 2031, Taiwan is focusing on two major reclaimed water sources, including reclaimed water from

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Forsberg, Charles, Bruce E. Dale, and Eric Ingersoll. "Replacing All Fossil Fuels With Nuclear-Enabled Hydrogen, Cellulosic Hydrocarbon Biofuels, and Dispatchable Electricity." ASME Open Journal of Engineering 3 (January 1, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4064592.

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Abstract We describe a roadmap using three sets of technologies to enable base-load nuclear reactors to replace all fossil fuels in a low-carbon world. The technologies integrate nuclear, wind, solar, hydroelectricity and biomass energy sources. Base-load nuclear reactors with large-scale heat storage enable dispatchable electricity to the grid. The low-cost heat storage enables buying excess wind and solar electricity to charge heat storage for later electricity production while providing assured generating capacity. Nuclear hydrogen production facilities at the scale of global oil refineries

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Nisathar, Ayesha, Hui Chen, Xiaoli Lei, Zeyu Zeng, and Jia Chen. "Comparison of genotoxic impurities in extracted nicotine vs. synthetic nicotine." Frontiers in Chemistry 12 (October 14, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2024.1483868.

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Nicotine is a chiral alkaloid; nitrogen-containing organic compound that occurs naturally. (S)-nicotine is extracted from Tobacco plants and used as the key addictive ingredient in many smoking products. Synthetic nicotine has gained the interest of many smoking product manufacturers over the last few decades due to the ease and low cost of manufacturing. Another claimed advantage of synthetic nicotine is the absence of genotoxic impurities that form during the extraction process of nicotine. These impurities are other plant alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and heavy metals. Additionally, the U.

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32

Kokkinaki, Fotini, and Stella A. Ordoudi. "Insights into the FTIR Spectral Fingerprint of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Stigmas After Gentle Drying Treatments." Food and Bioprocess Technology, May 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-023-03119-9.

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AbstractDrying of the delicate, red stigmas of the Crocus sativus L. flower is necessary to produce saffron, the most expensive spice in the world. So far, laborious and sample destructive methods were applied to get vital insight into this process following key physicochemical changes. Vibrational spectroscopy tools that allow molecular fingerprinting of plant tissues via multivariate data analysis are still not exploited. This study aimed at gaining new insights into the Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of saffron on different gentle drying treatments in vacuum or by short-time heat

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