Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Liquid cristal'
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Fontanini, Sandro. "Propriedades Elásticas de um Cristal Líquido Liotrópico Nemático nas Vizinhanças da Interface Sólido-Cristal Líquido." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-03122013-164807/.
Full textThe effective splay-bend elastic constant K13 is studied by means of an optical technique for a lyotropic nematic liquid crystal. The ratio between K13 and the usual Frank elastic constant found in this experiment is positive and of the order of 1. The theoretical analysis shows that near the nematic-isotropic transition, the termodynamical model for the temperature surface transition works reasonably well. In the low temperature region near the lamellar-nematic transition, important deviations from the theoretical behavior are observed. In order to interpret our experimental data, we propose a simple phenomenological extension of the termodynamical model that takes into account the different contributions to the surface energy and of the residual lamellar order in the nematic phase. We show, furthermore, that the effective splay-bend elastic constant depends on the ferrofluid doping concentration. The influence of the surface treatment on the ansiotropic part of the surface tension of a discotic micellar lyotropic nematic crystal doped with ferrofluid analysed. Our results show that the flat glass surface, independently of the presence or of the absence of any treatment, stabilizes onto itself a lamellar layer - bilayer - formed by the amphiphilic molecules of the liquid crystal. This layer screens the effect of the Langmuir-Blodgett film - or of the pure substrate without any treatment - on the alignment of the lyotropic nematic mesofase.
Nakamatsu, Sandra. "Dispersão de nanopartículas de látex em um cristal líquido liotrópico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-27112008-125412/.
Full textIn this work, we studied the dynamics of agglomeration and dissociation of latex particles when inserted into a lyotropic liquid crystal. This liquid crystal is a ternary system formed by potassium laurate, decilamonium chloride and water, presenting uniaxial calamitic and discotic nematic phases (NC e ND, respectively) and a biaxial nematic phase NB. The latex particles have diameter of 100 nm and particles with different surface treatments were tested. It was observed that in the NC e NB phases the latex particles form agglomerates, however in the transition to the ND phase, the particles disperse in the medium. In the temperature domain of the biaxial nematic phase the agglomerates increase in size, become anisometric and oriented along parallel to the orientation of the medium. Two phase diagrams were built by varying the particle concentration dispersed in the liquid crystal and by varying the relative composition of surfactants of the liquid crystal. X rays diffusion experiments have shown that the average distance between the micelles in the host medium are not affected by the presence of the latex particles and remain the same in all nematic phases. Rheology studies were also performed and it was found that the viscosity of the system is affected by the presence of the particles. The observed phenomenon are interpreted taking into account the orientational fluctuations of miceles in the different nematic phases.
Itri, Rosangela. "ESTUDO DE SISTEMAS MICELARES NOS ESTADOS ISOTROPICO E LIQUIDO - CRISTALINO." Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-10092012-143341/.
Full textMicellar phases of the system sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS)/water/decanol have been studied by X-ray scattering in isotropic I and liquid crystalline states, with emphasis on the 1-+hexagonal Ha and 1nematic Nc phase transitions. Study of the intermicellar peak position in the binary SIS/water system, taking into account relative volumes of amphiphile, shows that micelles are stable and slightly anisometric in concentrated I phases, with local close packing of spheroidal micelles. Micellar growth occurs only near the 1Ha transition. Analysis of the scattering curve I( q) for lower concentrations (up to 9 wt% SLS) shows that it is possible to obtain the distance distribution function p(r), in specific cases in which l(q) is dominated by a peak due to the inner micellar structure. Micellar anisometries v are deduced from Dmax values, with p(r)=O for r Dmax. It results v.: 1.5. The electron density distribution p(r) obtained from p(r) in these lower concentrations confirm the existence of micellar anisometry.
Bayon, Chloé. "Microlentilles et micro-miroirs en cristal liquide cholestérique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30289/document.
Full textThe molecular structure of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) is helical and gives rise to outstanding optical properties like the selective reflection of the light. Cholesteric structure raises fundamental questions such as the relationship between molecular chirality and mesoscopic chirality, and its impact on optical properties. It is omnipresent in biology (organisation of chitin, cellulose, collagen or chromatin). It is also used in technology: cosmetology, super-twisted nematic displays, reflective screens, temperature or pressure sensors, materials for photonic applications in general. The purpose of this work is to describe and understand the interaction of light with different types of non-monotonous helical structures elaborated in this thesis - synthetic cholesteric films (single-component or hybrid i.e. doped with gold nanoparticles) - or in a biological material (Chrysina gloriosa beetle). Several optical characterisation techniques have been used, depending on the sample to study and the questions which are rised. The main part of the manuscript is dedicated to cholesteric microlenses and micro-mirrors. We studied the cholesteric polygonal texture and highlighted that it acts as a chiral microlens array by using confocal microscopy coupled to spectrophotometry. These organic microlenses, developed in a two-step process by self-assembly, have the specificity of being wavelength-selective. We then showed that the polygonal texture of Chrysina gloriosa, as a biological analogous, is an array of spherical micro-mirrors and convergent microlenses. The second part of the manuscript is devoted to the elaboration of hybrid materials composed of CLC and gold nanoparticules and the study of their optical properties. Optical properties of these nanocomposites were probed using various techniques (plasmon resonance, Raman spectroscopy etc)
Maximo, Guilherme José 1982. "Lipid thermodynamics = new perspectives on phase studies for applications in engineering = Termodinâmica de lipídios: novas perspectivas em estudos de fases para aplicações em engenharia." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255144.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T10:06:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maximo_GuilhermeJose_D.pdf: 6364914 bytes, checksum: 716122d30b63141c35ee3d3c3305de17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Para o desenvolvimento de chocolates, manteigas, molhos para salada, cremes cosméticos, medicamentos ou biocombustíveis, assim como na otimização de processos de extração, refino, fracionamento, cristalização e produção de energia, os fenômenos de transição de fases dos sistemas lipídicos são temas, há muito tempo, de diversos trabalhos na literatura. O objetivo desses trabalhos tem sido avaliar como a composição dos produtos altera as suas propriedades físico-químicas e em especial aquelas relacionadas aos processos de fusão. De fato, alterações na temperatura exercem um grande impacto na estrutura cristalina da fase sólida dos sistemas graxos e, consequentemente, nas propriedades sensoriais e reológicas dos produtos. Essas alterações produzem comportamentos termodinâmicos tão variados que a determinação do equilíbrio de fases sólido-líquido desses sistemas representa um grande desafio. Não obstante, quanto maior a complexidade do sistema, menor é a compreensão do seu comportamento. Ou seja, apesar do grande número de trabalhos presentes na literatura envolvidos na investigação dos fenômenos de fusão de sistemas lipídicos, novos dados experimentais e abordagens teóricas para a modelagem dos diagramas são necessários para sua compreensão. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve dois objetivos principais. O primeiro relacionado à determinação e análise de diagramas de fases sólido-líquido de sistemas lipídicos binários de interesse para a indústria. O segundo foi desenvolver alternativas teóricas para aprimorar a representação dos diagramas de fases baseado em abordagens termodinâmicas clássicas. Portanto, onze sistemas binários compostos por triacilgliceróis, ácidos graxos e álcoois graxos foram avaliados. Esses sistemas são potenciais agentes de estruturação, formação de organogéis, produção e armazenamento de energia na indústria de alimentos, farmacêutica e de materiais. Os diagramas de equilíbrio sólido-líquido dessas misturas apresentaram comportamentos distintos, dependentes da formação de fases sólidas miscíveis ou imiscíveis e da não-idealidade do sistema. Além disso, foram estudados quatro sistemas formados a partir da reação ácido-base de Brønsted entre ácidos graxos e etanolaminas. Neste caso, a formação de líquidos iônicos próticos cristalinos com grande habilidade para auto-organização e comportamento não-Newtoniano singular podem atuar como auxiliares em diversas aplicações químicas e farmacêuticas. O problema imposto pela miscibilidade da fase sólida na construção dos diagramas de fases foi superado pela implementação de um algoritmo para a resolução de um sistema de equações não-lineares baseado nas equações fundamentais do equilíbrio sólido-líquido. O objetivo do algoritmo "Crystal-T" foi determinar a temperatura em que o primeiro e o último cristal se fundem durante o aquecimento do sistema. Para isso, a não-idealidade de ambas as fases líquida e sólida foi avaliada utilizando equações baseadas na energia de Gibbs em excesso, incluindo o método de contribuição de grupos UNIFAC, para o cálculo dos coeficientes de atividade. Considerando o aumento da produção mundial e do consumo de óleos e gorduras, este trabalho, a partir de demandas emergentes da indústria e da pesquisa científica, contribuiu na superação de alguns obstáculos relacionados à compreensão do equilíbrio de fases sólido-líquido de sistemas lipídicos para a engenharia de produtos e processos
Abstract: The phase transition phenomena of lipidic systems have long since been evaluated by several works in literature for developing chocolate, butters, dressings, spreads, cosmetic creams, medicines or biofuels as well as for optimizing processes such as extraction, refining, fractionation, crystallization or energy production. The aim of such works has been to answer how the products¿ composition can affect their physicochemical characteristics especially that related to the melting processes. In fact, changes in temperature highly impact the crystalline structure of fatty systems¿ solid phase and, consequently, in the sensorial and rheological properties of the products. These changes led to so many thermodynamic behaviors that the determination of the solid-liquid equilibrium of these systems can configure a particular challenge. However, the greater the complexity of the system the lower the understanding of its behavior. In other words, despite the number of works in literature involved in the investigation of the melting phenomena of lipidic systems, there is still a lack of experimental data and modeling approaches for their understanding. In this context, this work was conducted with two main goals. The first was focused on the measurement and comprehension of the solid-liquid equilibrium phase diagrams of lipidic binary systems of industrial interest. The second was aimed at the development of theoretical alternatives to improve the phase diagram description based on classical thermodynamic approaches. Thus, eleven binary systems composed by triacylglycerols, fatty alcohols and fatty acids were evaluated. Such mixtures are potential structuring, organogelating and energy storing agents for food, pharmaceutical and materials industry. The solid-liquid phase diagrams of these mixtures presented distinct behaviors depending on the formation of immiscible or miscible solid phases and the non-ideality of the system. Also, four systems built through a Brønsted acid-base reaction between fatty acids and ethanolamines were also evaluated. In this case, the formation of protic ionic liquid crystals with high self-assembling ability and marked non-Newtonian behavior are promising for pharmaceutical and chemical applications. The problem imposed by the partial miscibility of the solid phase in the construction of the phase diagrams was overtaken by the implementation of an algorithm based on the resolution of a non-linear equations system built by the solid-liquid equilibrium fundamental equations. The "Crystal-T" algorithm was aimed at the determination of the temperature at which the first and last crystal melts during the heating process. For this, the non-ideality of both liquid and solid phases was evaluated using excess Gibbs energy equations, including the group-contribution UNIFAC model, for the calculation of the activity coefficients. Taking into account the growing increase of the world production and consumption of fat and oils, this work, from industrial and academic emerging demands, contributed to overtake some barriers on the understanding of the solid-liquid phase equilibrium of lipidic mixtures for products and process engineering
Doutorado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
Jacobs, Matheus Rychescki. "Parametrização de campo de força derivado de cálculos mecânico-quânticos para o cristal líquido 4-Ciano-4’-Pentilbifenila." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/171692.
Full textSimulations using Molecular dynamics have become a powerful tool in the study of systems in condensed phase, including liquid-crystalline systems, and in the prediction of dynamical properties. Liquid Crystals have many applications, but the theoretical study of these systems is more complex because of their size, the method that was used in the force field parametrization and, mainly, because in most of the cases parameters cannot be transferred to another thermodynamical state. With that in mind, this work propose a methodology to parametrize force fields derived from quantummechanical calculations and which can be transferred to other thermodynamical state without losing important information. The chosen system in this work was the 4-Cyano-4’-Pentylbiphenyl, also known as 5CB, which have been used in many optical-electronic device and the intramolecular parametrization was done with the JOYCE program and the program PICKY was used in the intermolecular parametrization. The intramolecular parameters obtained show a good description of the internal geometry, contributes to the intermolecular parametrization, with we obtained an accurate description of the thermodynamical and physical chemical properties. This work corroborate to the hypothesis that force field derived from quantum-mechanical calculations can describe different thermodynamical states without losing important information.
Segovia, Mera Alejandro. "Effets de la dispersion de nanoparticules dans un cristal liquide ferroélectrique sur les propriétés ferroélectriques et de relaxations diélectriques." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0461/document.
Full textThe present thesis work concerns materials made of dispersions of nanometric colloidal particles, from a bulk ferroelectric material, dispersed within a chiral smectic phase of a ferroelectric liquid crystal. The goal of this work is to study the effect of the dispersed nanoparticles over the nanocolloïd properties, specially the ones related to ferroelectricity. This study showed no change over mesomorphic and ferroelectric behavior of the materials. A decrease in spontaneous polarization and phase transition temperatures was found for low nanoparticle concentrations. A "transition" of these behaviors was observed for a critical concentration, beyond which, nanoparticles aggregate and form clusters inside the liquid crystal matrix. Afterwards, we have studied two dielectric relaxation modes. The first one related to distorsions of the helix in the ferroelectric phase and the second one to the compression movements of the smectic layers around the ferroelectric-paralectric transition. The observed behaviors seem to be due to modifications of the visco-elastic properties of nanocolloids, produced by intercalation of nanoparticles between the smectic layers
Tavares, Viviane. "Caracterização e processamento de telas de cristal líquido visando a reciclagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-22032007-150914/.
Full textLiquid crystal displays (LCD) are used in TVs, calculators, mobiles, computers (laptop and palm), video games and electronic agendas. The increasing and fast technological obsolescence of these electronic devices causes their extreme discard, decreasing the landfills useful life. Therefore it is necessary the development of a LCD recycling methodology which must be started by the LCDs characterization, followed by the displays processing with the objective of separating materials, using some Ore Treatment techniques. The characterization tests of the LDC components: solvent solubilization, flame, infrarred, DSC, MEV with coupled EDS, X-ray diffraction and loss on fire. The sequence of the identified materials were: celulose triacetate, poly vinyl alcohol with iodine, cellulose triacetate, liquid cristal, ITO glass, cellulose triacetate, poly vinyl alcohol with iodine, cellulose triacetate, polymer with muscovite. Following the characterization, the materials releasing step was performed. Firstly the LCDs were grinded using different kinds of mills, then the grinded materials were passed through several separation tests: separation on alcohol, immersion in liquid nitrogen and solubilization in water. Hammer milling present the best results. The project of the LCDs should be improved in order to allow the materials separation.
Fernandes, Paulo Ricardo Garcia. "Birrefringência Induzida por Gradientes de Velocidades na Fase Isotrópica de um Cristal Líquido Liotrópico." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-03122013-150921/.
Full textThe flow birefringence induced in a lyotropic mixture in the isotropic phase was produced by means of velocities gradients. The gradients are produced by the movement of a plate inside the sample. As a function of temperature, the isotropic phase(I) is surrounded by two lamellar(L) phases in the phase diagram (mixture KL/DeOH/H2O). The shear flow produced by a perturbation in the isotropic phase induces a birefringence which relaxes with a typical relaxation time, ~10-2 s. The birefringence induced by velocities gradients is treated by means of an order diffusion process into the mixture. In this approach a characteristic length, l, (which informs about the correlation properties between the micelles) is experimentally obtained with the measurement of the transmittance as a function of the time. This parameter is about 10-5cm. The behavior of and 1: versus temperature indicate the existence of a virtual nematic phase(VNP) in the isotropic phase.
Tidu, Aurélien. "Synthèse d'une cornée artificielle à base de collagène I." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066472/document.
Full textIn view to generate artificial corneas, dense transparent collagen type-I scaffolds were synthesized exploiting the intrinsic liquid crystals properties of collagen molecules. 3 mg/mL collagen solutions in 500 mM acetic acid were dialyzed against a solution of precise concentrations in acetic and hydrochloric acid. When concentrated, solution provided a liquid-crystal organization resembling plywood, which is the organization of the collagen fibrils in the cornea. This was verified by polarized light and second harmonic generation microscopy experiments. In parallel these collagen solutions were also concentrated by centrifugation-filtration up to 90 mg/mL. The concentrated solutions were pressed into cornea-like shape and submitted to ammonia vapor in order to induce the fibrillogenesis of collagen. The result is a transparent dense fibrillated collagen matrix (transparency 90 %). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that fibrils kept the organization of the concentrated solution. Using a custom made device, mechanical tests showed that the Young modulus reached 900kPa. Human donor limbal explants were sewed on top of the scaffolds and cultured for 14 days. Optical microscopy and immunocytochemical analysis showed the development of an epithelium with characteristics of corneal epithelial cells. Preliminary experiments showed that keratocytes could be successfully inserted during the synthesis process. Thus, the results show the viability of the process of fabrication, and the following step is the in vivo experiment
Apostol, Petru. "Synthèse et propriétés de cristaux liquides et magnétiques de 1,8,15,22-tétraalkoxy-phtalocyanines de métaux (II) et (III)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0109/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the fully regioselective synthesis of symmetric all-endo tetra-alkoxy-functionalized phthalocyanines and their metal ion complexes accompanied by induction of columnar mesophases in convenient temperature ranges at moderate substituent sizes, as well as their use in organic diodes and the study of their magnetic properties. The synthetic approach to follow is lithium-induced macrocyclization of 3-(2-alkylalkoxy)-phthalonitriles prior to transition meatl ion insertion. Symmetrization of the aliphatic chains in the 3-alkoxy-phthalonitrile precursor from 2-butylocytyl to 2-pentylheptyl maintains both the regioisomeric mixture during the cyclo-tetramerization and to a somewhat greater tendency to crystallization. The combination of attainable clearing temperatures with room temperature columnar stacking and with a relatively high content of conjugated core within the molecular mass makes the first two series of materials, i.e. MPc(OCH2CHBuHex)4, and MPc(OCH2CHPent2)4, potentially useful as uniformly orientable charge transposters in organic electronic devices. We establish that these tetra-α-alkoxy substituted phthalocyanine materials, as exemplified with H2Pc(OCH2CHBuHex)4, NiPc(OCH2CHBuHex)4 and CuPc(OCH2CHBuHex)4, lead to original device performances when applied as an active organic layer in simple ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PC/Al diode structures. A pronounced current rectification of the diodes is obtained despite the preponderantly planar alignment of the columns in the films. The highly soluble tetra-α-alkoxy-substituted Pc ligand, when combined with MnIII and DyIII, gives rise to original mononuclear single molecule magnets. Remarkably, the C4h-symmetric isomer of the octa-alkoxy double decker complex is formed selectively due of presence of the bulky substituents on both Pc rings
El, Ketara Mohamed. "Réorientation optique des cristaux liquides en présence de singularités matérielles ou lumineuses." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955155.
Full textGharbi, Walid Allah. "Élaboration et caractérisations de matériaux ferroélectriques sans plomb : céramiques, films minces, nanopoudres et composites nanopoudres - cristal liquide." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0355.
Full textIn this work a ferroelectrics Ba0,9Sr0,1TiO3 (BST) ceramics, thin layers and nanoparticles were elaborated in order to obtain suitable materials for microelectronics. A mixture of BST nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid crystal was also performed. The ferrolectric nature of BST films has been demonstrated by measurements of the electrical hysteresis cycles. The best electrical properties were obtained with annealing at 950 °C for 15 min. The physico-chemical analyzes of BST nanapowders indicate that the optimum calcination temperature is at 900 °C. The grain size obtained is between 30 and 100 nm. The characterizations of nanapowders with X-Ray Diffraction show a tetragonal structure at room temperature therefore the possibility of a ferroelectric character. The ceramics synthesized by sol-gel method and sintered at different temperatures showed that the grain size depends directly on the sintering temperature and proves to be a key parameter influencing the dielectric response of the material. The BST ceramics prepared by solid-solid method used to get a size larger grain and consequently a higher value of dielectric permittivity. The comparative study of the dielectric properties of the liquid crystal single and the mixture "BST nanoparticles- liquid crystal" confirmed the influence of nanoparticles on the orientation of liquid crystal molecules. The comparison of experimental results with the mixtures laws allowed the estimation of the dielcectric permittivity of BST nanoparticles
Gandubert, Aurore. "Nanomatériaux hybrides luminescents à clusters d'éléments de transition." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S101/document.
Full textMy work took place in the material and solid chemistry team (CSM) from the institute of chemical Sciences of Rennes. It dealt with the synthesis and characterisation of new hybrid compounds : the clustomesogens, which generate luminescent properties assigned to the cluster and self-organisation from liquid-crystal material. The first chapter describes the state of art of the cluster chemistry and the basic knowledge to understand liquid-crystal and in particular clustomesogen material. The second chapter describes the synthesis, characterisation, luminescence and redox analysis and finally DFT calculations of a new inorganic cluster compound K4[Re6Sei8(N3)a6]·4H2O, precursor of molecular building block for the development of hybrid materials. The third chapter deals with the synthesis and study of three specific clustomesogens. Differing by the density in mesogenic units around the cluster core, the compound LC3, LC6 and LC9 have respectively an aliphatic chain of 3, 6 and 9 carbons between the cluster and the mesogenic cyanobiphenyl units. The fourth chapter presents a prospective of molecular dynamic simulations in order to understand the interaction between the clustomesogen supermolecular systems and anticipate the selfarrangement processes. This work is a first step for the future development of new and specific building blocks based on clustomesogens for applications in the field of display or lighting
Mitcov, Dmitri. "Rational functionalization of molecular magnetic materials : towards liquid crystalline phases, improved solubility and modulation of physical properties." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0029/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis was focused on the design and investigation of novel hybrid materials via ligand functionalization of the single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and electron transfer complexes. Chapter I contains general information about these two classes of the magnetic systems. In order to illustrate the motivation behind our work, a brief review on previously reported soft hybrid magnetic systems, is presented. Chapter II is dedicated to the functionalization of [Mn12]-based SMMs towards hybrid liquid crystalline systems via two different approaches: (a) the functionalization of peripheral ligands with strongly lipophilic groups (long alkyl chains), or (b) the grafting of mesogenic promoters through flexible aliphatic spacers. Chapters III – V are focused on cyanido-bridged molecular {Fe2Co2} squares that exhibit thermally or photo-induced electron transfer. Thus, in Chapter III, the possibility to modulate the electron transfer properties in {Fe2Co2} molecular squares via the use of different counter-anion is discussed. The functionalization with long aliphatic chains and its influence over the properties of {Fe2Co2} molecular squares in solid state and solutions are discussed in Chapter IV. Finally, the effect of the ligand functionalization with strongly electron density donating groups (methoxy) over the electron transfer properties of {Fe2Co2} molecular squares is investigated in Chapter V
Lin, Yaochen. "Dispersion de nanoparticules ferroélectriques dans un cristal liquide : élaboration, transitions de phases et propriétés diélectriques." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0443/document.
Full textLiquid crystals are organic materials used to make electronic devices ; before using this material in applications, it is necessary to study their physical-chemical and dielectric properties in order to optimize their performance. This study is devoted to the nanocolloids obtained by dispersing ferroelectric nanoparticles in a nematic liquid crystal ; it means an inclusion influences the phase transitions temperatures and the dielectric properties of the host. The phase transitions measured by using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) evidenced the ferroelectric nanoparticles influence ; which is attributed two effects : the nanoparticles spontaneous polarization and the anchoring effect between nanoparticles and liquid crystal. The dielectric characterisation revealed the coupling between the macroscopic polarization of the inclusions and the electric field ; this coupling is manafested by an increase of phase transition temperatures compared to those determined by DSC. The competition between the polarization effect under an electric field and the anchoring effect induces a modification of the permittivities (parallel and perpendicular) and the dielectric anisotropy. Using harvested nanoparticles, the study confirmed the importance of the nanoparticles polarization to increase the properties of the studied nanocolloids. In fact, very small quantity of the harvested nanoparticles presents more significant improvements than those obtained with the non-harvested nanoparticles
Reina, Bárbara Donadon. "Inativação fotodinâmica mediada pela curcumina veiculada em sistema precursor de cristal líquido sobre biofilme dental formado in situ /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182240.
Full textResumo: Estima-se que mais de 60% das infecções humanas são originadas pela presença de biofilmes. A placa dentária é o biofilme mais antigo descrito na literatura epode ser composta por diferentes gêneros e espécies, com destaque para a atuação de Lactobacillus spp, Streptococcus do grupo mutans e Candida albicans. A Inativação Fotodinâmica (do inglês, Photodynamic Inactivation - PDI) vem sendo apontada como modalidade terapêutica promissora para a inativação de microrganismos bucais visando sanar os problemas relacionados com a resistência dos microrganismos e não promover efeitos colaterais adversos. Estudos prévios conduzidos dentro e fora de nosso grupo de pesquisa mostraram que a curcumina possui grande potencial como fotossensibilizador para a PDI. Apesar disso, a curcumina apresenta baixa solubilidade em soluções aquosas e por isso esse estudo se propôs a avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana da PDI, utilizando a curcumina veiculada em sistema precursor de cristal líquido (SPCL), em biofilmes dentais formados in situ. Esse sistema possui diversas vantagens descritas na literatura, como sua bioadesividade no local de ação, liberação controlada e biocompatibilidade. No entanto, nenhum estudo avaliou o sistema precursor de cristal líquido veiculando curcumina para ação fotodinâmica em biofilmes dentais. Este estudo contou com 30 voluntários que utilizaram dispositivos orais palatinos, contendo blocos de esmalte bovino, por 48 horas para a formação de biofilme in situ. Após esse perí... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: It is estimated that more than 60% of human infections are originated by the presence of biofilms. The dental plaque, reported as the oldest biofilm, can be composed of many different species, highlighting Lactobacillus spp, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) has been suggested as a promising therapeutic modality for the inactivation of oral microorganisms, in order to overcome the problems related to microorganism resistance and prevent adverse side effects. Previous studies have shown that curcumin is a promising photosensitizer for PDI. Nevertheless, curcumin has low solubility in aqueous solutions, therefore, this study proposed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the PDI, using the curcumin in a liquid crystal precursor system (LCPS), in dental biofilms formed in situ. This system has several advantages described in the literature, such as its bioadhesiveness at the site of action, controlled release and biocompatibility. However, no study evaluated the LCPS carrying curcumin for photodynamic action on biofilms formed in situ. This study included 30 volunteers who used oral palatal devices containing bovine enamel blocks for 48 hours for in situ biofilm formation. After that period, the enamel blocks were randomized into two groups: i. control group (empty LCPS only); ii. PDI (immersed in LCPS with curcumin in the dark and then illuminated with a blue light LED) incubated, (PDI group). After the treatments, the CFU/ml of each group was determined in culture media presumptive for Streptococci mutans, Candida spp, Lactobacillus spp. and aciduric species, and total microbiota, specific to the culture conditions for this study. Multivariate analysis showed that the treatment had a large and highly significant effect on microbial viability. Univariate ANOVA was then performed, which revealed a significant reduction on log10(CFU/mL) values in the PDI ...(Complete abstract electronic access below)
Mestre
Agha, Hakam. "Interaction de grains colloïdale avec une ligne de disclinaison dans un cristal liquide nématique et d'auto-assemblage d'un nanofil conducteur en 3D." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAE002.
Full textThroughout this thesis, the interaction between the colloidal grains with a disclination line in a nematic liquid crystal is explored. Two types of colloids were used; spherical (silica beads) and elongated (carbon nanotubes). In addition different types of anchoring conditions on their surface is obtained; planar, homeotropic, and Janus (half planar – half homeotropic). These parameters were varied in the aim to examine and evaluate the nematic force acting between the colloidal grains and the disclination line, which is a result of the elastic interaction between the two respectively. This force is in the order of pico-newton, and capable of attracting and fixing the dispersed colloids, in the nematic liquid crystal, on the disclination line. Once the colloids are fixed on the disclination line, they can be glued together by means of electropolymerization of pyrrole. This gives rise to a 3 dimensional conductive nanowires, which are auto-assembled, and auto-connected to predesigned electrodes inside the nematic liquid crystal
Esteves, Jacinto da Silva. "Estudo de propriedades ópticas não-lineares de cristal líquido dopado com corante em função da temperatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-05032002-142325/.
Full textWith the objective of studying the effects due to the addition of a dye in a thermotropic liquid crystal (LC), we investigated in this work the influence of the temperature in the reorientation of the molecules of this compound, as well as the refraction index and the non linear absorption, in the presence of a electromagnetic field. The studied LC presents the reorientation of its molecules in the presence of polarized light. This reorientation is due to the polarization induced by the electromagnetic field of the incident light in the molecules of LC. The torque, that causes such reorientation, is named Gammaopt. When these LCs are doped with certain dyes, the incident field also interact with the dye, inducing electric dipoles. These dipoles, interact with the molecules of the LC producing an additional torque Gammadye. This additional torque is proportional to the optical torque Gammadye = eta Gammaopt, where eta is a characteristic of the dye, a factor of amplification of the optical torque, that is temperature dependent. The main tool of our study is the z-scan technique and, it is through it, that we observed the influence of the temperature in the non linear, refractive and absorptive effects, exhibited by the samples. Through this technique, we calculated, as a function of the temperature, the amplification factor of the optical torque (eta); the non linear refractive index (n2) due to the molecular reorientation of the sample, with and without dye; and the non linear absorption coefficient (Beta) of the doped sample due to thermal effects, of reorientation (torque) and of all the effects together.
Francisconi, Renata Serignoli. "Sistema precursor de cristal líquido associado ao terpinen-4-ol e nistatina : caracterização, ação antifúngica, sinérgica, citotoxicidade e adesão em células orais /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153787.
Full textResumo: Os sistemas precursores de cristal líquido associados aos extratos vegetais e compostos fitoquímicos abrem novas perspectivas para prevenção e controle eficiente de doenças infecciosas fúngicas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: I) avaliar o efeito sinérgico da associação do terpinen-4-ol (t-4-ol) com a nistatina (nis); II) avaliar na forma de cristal líquido, a propriedade antifúngica do t-4-ol e possível sinergismo com a nis; III) avaliar a citotoxicidade do t-4-ol em células orais normais imortalizadas (NOK) e verificar se o t-4-ol interfere na adesão de Candida albicans sobre células orais. Assim, foi definida a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) do t-4-ol sobre isolados clínicos de C. albicans (Genotipagem A e B) e cepa SC 5314, empregando-se o método de microdiluição em caldo. Biofilmes foram preparados usando o modelo de placa de microtitulação estática e quantificados por metodologia colorimétrica do ensaio de redução de sal de tetrazólio (XTT). Os mesmos testes foram aplicados para avaliar o t-4-ol e nis na forma de cristal líquido. Adicionalmente, as células foram cultivadas em meio de cultura Dulbecco ́s Modified Eagle ́s Medium (DMEM) suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino e 1% de penicilina, estreptomicina e glutamina e mantidas em incubadora a 37o C em 5% de CO2. A citotoxicidade sobre linhagem de células NOK foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo e foi realizado o teste de co-cultura, para verificar a interferência do t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The liquid crystal precursor systems associated with plant extracts and phytochemical compounds open new perspectives for efficient prevention and control of infectious fungal diseases. The objectives of this study were: I) to evaluate the synergistic effect of the combination of terpinen-4-ol (t-4-ol) with nystatin (nys); II) to evaluate in liquid crystal form the antifungal property of t-4-ol and possible synergism with nys; III) to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of t-4-ol in normal immortalized oral cells (NOK) and to verify whether t-4-ol interferes with the adhesion of Candida albicans to oral cells. Thus, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (CFM) of t-4-ol on clinical isolates of C. albicans (Genotype A and B) and strain SC 5314 were determined using the microdilution method in broth. Biofilms were prepared using the static microtiter plate model and quantified by colorimetric methodology of the tetrazolium salt reduction assay (XTT). The same tests were applied to evaluate t-4-ol and nys in liquid crystal form. In addition, the cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin, streptomycin and glutamine and maintained in an incubator at 37 ° C in 5% CO2 . Linear cytotoxicity of NOK cells was assessed by flow cytometry and the coculture test was performed to verify the interference of t-4-ol on Candida albicans adhesion on oral cells (NOK). Can... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Moraes, Marta Bueno de. "Propriedades elétricas e físico-químicos de blendas de poli (sulfeto de p-fenileno) - pps com um cristal líquido polimérico (LCP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-12112007-161134/.
Full textPoly (p-phenylene sulphide) (PPS) is an engineering thermoplastic, with high thermal and chemical resistance, and. with a growing industrial importance, due to its easy processability in the form of films, fiaments and injection molded articles. It also can be chemically doped and. therefore be a conductive polymer (σ = 10 S/cm, by doping with AsF5); however, when doping with strong oxidative agents, its morphology is destroyed. In this work, PPS was doped with a weaker doping agent, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in order to preserve its initial morphology and to study its influence on the final conductivity values. Different PPS/TCNQ morphologies were produced by varying the processing conditions. It was also studied the influence the blending of PPS/TCNQ with a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) has on the microstructure and orientation of the PPS and on its conductivity. It was observed that this addition has a negative effect on the PPS conductivity. Orientation of the PPS by the LCP was only achieved at 80% wt LCP. It was concluded that, for the PPS, the major influence on its electrical conductivity is given by its amount of crystallinity, not by its orientation. The conduction mechanism of the PPS and its blends with the LCP doped with TCNQ is a hopping mechanism.
Santana, Rejane de Castro 1983. "Sistemas auto-organizáveis formados por TCM, etanol e surfactantes de grau alimentício: efeito da temperatura e das concentrações de surfactante, co-surfactante e água." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255573.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Microemulsões (ME) e cristais líquidos (CL) são sistemas auto-organizáveis com potencial capacidade de solubilização de compostos lipofílicos e hidrofílicos. Microemulsões são formadas por gotas de tamanho reduzido e apresentam aspecto translúcido, enquanto os cristais líquidos apresentam estrutura mais complexa, com fases lamelares, hexagonais ou cúbicas. Entretanto, o estudo de ME e CL compostos por ingredientes biocompatíveis ainda é restrito, assim como a avaliação dos efeitos de cada componente e da temperatura na estrutura e reologia dos sistemas. Desta maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura e reologia de ME e CL compostos por água, misturas de surfactantes (Tween 80, Tween 20, Span 80, Span 20 e lecitina), triacilglicerol de cadeia média (TCM) e etanol, em diferentes proporções de TCM:etanol (1:0, 2:1 e 1:2). Diferentes estruturas e comportamentos reológicos foram obtidos dependendo da concentração de água, etanol, tipo de surfactante e temperatura. Inicialmente, o estudo de sistemas contendo somente Tween 80 como surfactante mostrou que o incremento de etanol diminuiu a região de cristal líquido e aumentou a área de microemulsão no diagrama de fases, expandindo a região de micelas reversas para maiores concentrações de água. Além disso, maiores concentrações de etanol produziram sistemas com menor tamanho de partícula (DLS), menor distância (d) entre os planos das estruturas (SAXS) e baixa pseudoplasticidade. Já a avaliação de sistemas contendo inicialmente 70 % (m/m) de Tween 80 como surfactante único e diluídos em água (linha de diluição 7) mostrou que a baixas concentrações de água formaram-se microemulsões A/O com comportamento Newtoniano e tamanho de gota nanométrico. Em concentrações intermediárias de água, cristais líquidos com elevada distância (d) entre os planos das estruturas e de reologia complexa foram produzidos, incluindo fluidos viscoelásticos e com comportamento dependente do tempo de cisalhamento (tixotrópico e anti-tixotrópico). Sistemas com concentração intermediária de água com ausência ou baixa concentração de etanol apresentaram temperatura de transição próximo a 50 °C. Estruturas cúbicas e hexagonais com comportamento do tipo gel foram produzidas a 25 °C, enquanto sistemas desordenados com menor distância (d) entre os planos da estrutura e comportamento do tipo solução diluída foram observados a altas temperaturas. Na última etapa, sistemas compostos por diferentes misturas de surfactantes foram avaliados. Estruturas do tipo micelar e hexagonal prevaleceram em sistemas compostos por Tween, enquanto estruturas lamelares foram também observadas em sistemas de Tween/Span e Tween/Lecitina. Estruturas cúbicas foram observadas somente nos sistemas Tween 80/Lecitina. Uma relação entre os parâmetros estruturais, comportamento reológico e propriedades das misturas de surfactantes (parâmetro crítico de empacotamento - P, e balanço hidrofílico-lipofílico - BHL) foi observada. Misturas de surfactantes com menor BHL produziram cristais líquidos pseudoplásticos e viscoelásticos em elevadas concentrações de surfactante. A maior pseudoplasticidade foi associada à estrutura cristalina ordenada susceptível à quebra ou reorientação sob cisalhamento. Além disso, as propriedades das misturas de surfactantes influenciaram no fenômeno de partição do etanol, levando a maiores parâmetros de cela (a) em sistemas de menor BHL. Conhecendo os efeitos da temperatura, composição, concentração e interação entre componentes, as propriedades dos sistemas, como estrutura e reologia, podem ser preditas ou moduladas de acordo com o interesse tecnológico
Abstract: Microemulsions (ME) and liquid-crystals (LC) are self-assembly structures with potential ability to solubilise both lipophilic and hydrophilic components. Microemulsions are translucent systems formed by small swollen micelles, while liquid crystalline phases exhibit a more complex structure, as lamellar, hexagonal and cubic phases. However, the use of biocompatible ingredients in these systems was scarcely explored, as well as the effect of each component and temperature on the system structure and rheology. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the structure and rheology of ME and LC systems formed by water, surfactant mixtures (Tween 80, Tween 20, Span 80, Span 20 and lecithin), medium-chain triacylglicerol (MCT) and ethanol, at different MCT:ethanol ratios (1:0, 2:1 and 1:2). Systems with different structures and rheology were produced according to water and ethanol concentration, surfactant type and temperature. In the first part of this work systems composed by Tween 80 as surfactant showed that the ethanol increment decreased the liquid crystalline area and increased microemulsion area in the pseudo-ternary diagram, expanding micelles production up to higher water content. Moreover, higher ethanol content produced systems with smaller particle size (DLS), smaller correlation distance (d) (SAXS) and lower pseudosplasticity. The evaluation of dilution line 7 of systems with only Tween 80 as surfactant showed that at W/O microemulsions with Newtonian behavior were produced at low water content. At intermediary water contents, liquid crystalline phases with larger correlation distance (d) and complex rheology were produced, including viscoelastic, thixotropic and anti-thixotropic behavior. Systems with intermediary water content and low water content (or absence) of ethanol showed temperature transition around 50 °C. Cubic and hexagonal structures with gel behavior were produced at 25°C, while disordered systems with smaller correlation distance and dilution solution behavior were produced at high temperatures. In the last part of this study, systems composed of different surfactant mixtures were evaluated. Micelle and hexagonal were the main phases observed on systems composed of Tween, while lamellar structures were also observed in Tween/Span and Tween/lecithin systems. Cubic structures were observed only in Tween 80/lecithin systems. A relationship between structural parameters, rheological behavior and surfactant mixture properties (critical packing parameter - CPP, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ¿ HLB) was observed. Surfactant mixtures with lower HLB produced pseudoplastic and viscoelastic liquid crystalline phases at high surfactant concentrations. The higher pseudoplasticity was associated with a structure susceptible to reorientation or to the structure broken under shear. In addition, characteristics of surfactant mixture affected the ethanol partition phenomenon, leading to higher lattice parameters (a) in systems with lower HLB. This discussion concerning the effects of temperature, composition, concentration and components interactions could be used to predict and design system properties, as structure and rheology, according to a variety of technological interest
Doutorado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Doutora em Engenharia de Alimentos
Gomes, Wyllerson Evaristo 1983. "Estudo da interface sólido/líquido aplicando a microbalança de cristal de quartzo com eletrodos funcionalizados." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276941.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, pesquisamos o uso de filmes autoorganizados sobre o eletrodo de ouro da microbalança de cristal de quartzo eletroquímica, EQCM. Focamos a pesquisa na interação física da superfície sólida funcionalizada com o meio líquido. Desenvolvemos uma metodologia para compreender a dinâmica de variação dos parâmetros medidos, pela EQCM durante um experimento (perturbação) em meio líquido. Introduzimos a representação bidimensional da variação da freqüência de ressonância e da resistência de ressonância do cristal de quartzo da EQCM, ?f e ?R respectivamente, durante uma perturbação, usando o tempo como parâmetro. A metodologia foi utilizada para soluções aquosas de sais, álcool, líquidos apolares como ciclohexano, n-hexano, soluções de sacarose. Mostramos que líquidos reais apresentam viscoelasticidade. Também testamos a perturbação causada pela aplicação de campo elétrico nas interfaces sólido/soluções iônicas em condições em que o eletrodo é polarizável. Mostramos a possibilidade de formação de nanoestruturas gasosas, nanobolhas. Estendemos a pesquisa para a superfície do ouro funcionalizado com filmes de tiol, S-layers (proteínas de membrana de bactéria), e adsorção de lipossomos zwiteriônicos. A interface sólido/líquido também foi estudada relativamente às características hidrofóbicas da funcionalidade devido à sua microestrutura superficial (superfície superhidrofóbica). Usamos as técnicas de microscopia de força atômica, AFM, e de Raman confocal, paralelamente às nossas pesquisas com a EQCM. Para complementar o estudo de campos elétricos aplicados a interfaces, estudamos também os efeitos macroscópicos da aplicação desses campos a líquidos dielétricos como a água. Pesquisamos o fenômeno da ponte líquida usando líquidos dielétricos isolantes apróticos
Abstract: In this work, we have studied the use of self-assembling films onto gold electrode of the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, EQCM. The main objective is to understand the physical interaction of the functionalized solid surface with the liquid medium. We have developed a methodology to understand the dynamics of variation of the parameters measured by the EQCM in liquid medium. We also have introduced the two-dimensional representation of the variation of resonance frequency and resonance resistance of the quartz crystal of the EQCM, ?f and ?R respectively. The measurements were taken during a perturbation, using time as parameter. The methodology was used for aqueous salt solutions, alcohol, nonpolar liquids such as cyclohexane, n-hexane and sucrose solutions. We showed that real liquids exhibit viscoelasticity. We also tested the perturbation caused by the application of electric field at solid interfaces/ionic solutions, under conditions in which the electrode is polarizable. We showed the possibility of formation of gaseous nanostructures, nanobubbles. We extended the study to gold electrode thiol-functionalized surfaces, gold surfaces covered by S-layers films (membrane proteins of bacteria), and then adsorption of zwitterionic liposomes. The solid/liquid interface was also studied in relation to hydrophobic functionality due to its surface microstructure (superhydrophobic surface). We use the atomic force microscopy, AFM, and confocal Raman techniques, parallel to our research with EQCM. In addition to the study of electric fields applied to interfaces, we also studied the macroscopic effects of the application of these fields to the dielectric liquids like water. We researched the phenomenon of liquid bridge using insulating dielectric aprotic liquids
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
2010/140031-3
CNPQ
Darbinean, Elena. "Fonctionnalisation rationnelle de matériaux moléculaires : vers des liquides et des cristaux-liquides magnétiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0556.
Full textDeveloping efficient methods to process molecular magnetic materials remains a considerable challenge and constitutes one of the critical steps toward possible applications. In this scope, the development magnetic hybrids featuring liquid crystal properties or improved solubility appears as a promising approach. This thesis work aimed to design, synthetize and characterize new hybridmaterials based on the single-molecule magnets (SMMs), spin crossover (SCO) and electrontransfer (ET) complexes. Chapter I contains general information and theoretical concepts on these three classes of magnetic complexes (SMMs, SCO and ET complexes), followed by a bibliographicsurvey on hybrid magnetic materials. Chapter II, rational is focused on the functionalization ofMn12-based SMM towards liquid crystalline phases. In Chapter III, a series of pyridylbenzohydrazone-based Fe(II) SCO complexes is investigated in both crystalline and soft matter phase. Chapter IV is dedicated to the study of cyanido-bridged {Fe2M2} molecular squares(M = Co(II), Ni(II)), which are known to exhibit SMM and thermally- or photo induced ET,respectively with Co(II) and Ni(II). In these three experimental chapters, the influence of ligand functionalization on self-organization, thermal and magnetic properties of the resulting materials is discussed in detail
Siretanu, Diana. "Fonctionnalisation de matériaux moléculaires magnétiques : vers des systèmes soluble et cristaux liquides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14367/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we tried to develop hybrid magnetic material chemistry in order to get soft systems that can be easy-processable. This work deals with functionalization of the organic part of interesting molecule-based magnetic materials by groups known to induce liquid crystal phase or to increase the solubility. We achieved the rational functionalization of molecule-based magnetic materials, like (i) Single-Molecule Magnets (SMM), (ii) Spin Crossover (SC), and (iii) Electron Transfer (ET) systems, towards more soluble systems and liquid crystal phases.Chapter I contains general information about three important classes of magnetic complexes: SMMs, SC and ET systems. In order to illustrate the motivation of our work, a bibliographic study about hybrid magnetic materials is then presented. Rational ligand functionalization of SMMs and SC systems towards liquid crystalline phases are discussed in Chapter II and III, respectively. New functionalized Mn12 complexes, FeII/triazole-based and [FeII(LN2O2)(LN)2] systems were obtained. The conservation of magnetic properties after ligand functionalization was confirmed, but unfortunately, these new compounds do not show mesomorphic behaviour below the decomposition temperature. The Chapter IV is focused on ligand functionalization of ET complexes. Alkyl functionalization of the ligand provides a good solubility to these complexes, and the thermally-induced switchable behaviour observed in solid state has been successfully transferred to dilute solutions
Pochat, Pascal. "Propriétés diélectriques de la nouvelle phase cristal liquide TGBa : applications hyperfréquences des cristaux liquides." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10643.
Full textDepieri, Lívia Vieira. "Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sistemas de liberação tópica a base de cristais líquidos para veiculação de siRNA na terapia gênica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-27062012-162117/.
Full textGene therapy by RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional silencing process that can suppress the expression of a particular gene. The RNAi is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of many severe diseases that have no cure or well-defined treatments. However, the development of clinically appropriate, safe and effective delivery systems is necessary to enable this new therapy, since obstacles in the in vivo administration and distribution committed the clinical use of siRNAs (small interfering RNA). In addition, the topical delivery of siRNAs appears as a promising alternative for the treatment of cutaneous pathologies. In this context, this research aimed to develop a delivery system based on Nanotechnology for the topical delivery of siRNAs, aiming to introduce gene therapy as a new approach for the treatment of skin disorders. As a delivery system, liquid-crystalline nanodispersions, composed by monoolein (MO), a polar biocompatible lipid, associated or not with oleic acid (OA) were developed. The cationic adjuvants polyethylenimine (PEI) and oleylamine (OAM) were incorporated into these systems to obtain the nanodispersions. Among the aqueous nanodispersions developed, preparations with lower concentration of cationic adjuvant were chosen, these consisting of: MO and OAM at 0.4%, MO and PEI at 0.4%, MO, OA and OAM at 2.5% and MO, OA and PEI at 1.0%. These formulations presented: reduced average particle size, low polydispersity, positive values of zeta potential (an interesting feature for interacting with the siRNA molecules that have a negative charge), low cytotoxicity in vitro and they were able to complex the siRNA at a final concentration of 2.5 ?M. The X-ray diffraction analysis characterized the liquid crystalline phase of these systems as hexagonal, except the nanodispersion MO and PEI at 0.4% which was characterized as a mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases. The nanodispersions obtained were able to increase the skin penetration of siRNA in vitro. With the results obtained, we can conclude that the formulations developed are delivery systems based on nanotechnology, promising for topical administration of siRNA for the treatment of cutaneous diseases in gene therapy.
Trevizan, Lucas Noboru Fatori. "Avaliação do potencial de nanodispersões de cristal líquido funcionalizadas com cetuximabe na veiculação de docetaxel para o tratamento do câncer de próstata /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157268.
Full textResumo: O câncer de próstata (CP) é a segunda neoplasia mais frequente entre homens no Brasil e é caracterizado por não apresentar sintomas em seus estágios iniciais, sendo diagnosticado em seu estágio avançado, o que muitas vezes dificulta o tratamento. Alguns fatores relacionados podem intensificar sua agressividade como, por exemplo, a superexpressão do receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR) em alguns subtipos de tumores de próstata. Neste contexto, a inibição do EGFR auxilia no combate da neoplasia, função essa que pode ser atribuída ao anticorpo monoclonal quimérico IgG1 (cetuximabe-CTX) que se liga à porção externa do EGFR, inibindo a proliferação celular, angiogênese e metástase, além de promover a apoptose. Dentre as formas de tratamento destacam-se a braquiterapia, a radioterapia e a quimioterapia utilizando o docetaxel (DTX), o qual apresenta vantagem de prolongar a sobrevivência em pacientes com CP metastático resistentes à terapia antiandrogênica. No entanto, a formulação comercial (Taxotere®) causa efeitos colaterais, como febre, anemia, retenção de líquidos, hipersensibilidades, mialgias, mucosite, neuropatias periféricas e toxidade a pele e unhas, tornando necessário o estudo de novas formas de veiculação para este fármaco Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma nanodispersão de cristal líquido (NCL) de fase cúbica baseada em álcool cetílico etoxilado 20 e propoxilado 5 como tensoativo (T), ácido oleico, DSPE-PEG-MAL e fosfatidilcolina de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Honda, Bruno Silveira de Lima. "Azopolímeros e aplicações em efeitos de competição de orientação de cristais líquidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-15032010-134330/.
Full textIn this work we performed a study of the orientacional effect of the liquid crystals molecules in substrates coated with azopolymers films. We studied the photoalignment induced to liquid crystals molecules to determine the behavior of the magnitude of anchoring energy as a function of incident energy and azodyes concentration in the polymer. Then we performed a competition study of the competition of photoalignment effect by recording a microtexture pattern on the azopolymer surface, with two directions of alignment. In this work, we also introduced a theoretical model to explain the orientacional transitions observed as we changed the period of the patterned microtexture. Another technique utilized was the Surface Relief Grating recording, by using polarized light with enough power and creating an interference pattern in the azopolymer surface, we were able to create a topological structure in the surface. The main objective of this work was supposed to investigate the competition between these two photoinduced effects, when one is caused by a photoalignment of the polymer chains, and the other is due to topological issues. We concluded that it was not possible to have competition between these two effects, mainly because the magnitude of the anchoring energy induced by SRG was found to be a hundred times smaller than the photoinduced one. As an alternative to this approach, we studied, then, the competition between the rubbing process and the photoalignment effect, as the magnitude of these two effects was found to be compatible.
Charlet, Emilie. "Mouillage et orientation d’un film mince de cristal liquide colonnaire : de la détermination des propriétés optiques aux applications photovoltaïques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13653/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with columnar liquid crystal studied in the geometry of open supported thin films. Columnar liquid crystals are usually made of disk-shaped molecules derived from aromatic dyes. They are efficient charge transporters with the added capacity to self-assemble in large oriented domains. Consequently, such materials may be used in photovoltaic devices. In order to benefit from their good uniaxial charge mobility, their organization has to be controlled in uniform oriented thin films in the range of thicknesses of typically 100 nm. Homeotropic alignment (columns normal to the interface) is required for solar cells whereas uniaxial planar anchoring (columns parallel to the interface) is needed for applications such as polarizers or organic field effect transistor. Different methods to monitor the alignment in open thin films have been developed in this work, which make possible to achieve either homeotropic anchoring by a specific thermal treatment, or uniaxial planar orientation using a Teflon layer. Based on these orientation skills, a uniform ultra-thin film, free of dewetting and homeotropically oriented, is achieved (down to 50 nm thick) opening the way towards efficient solar cells, and a complete study of the optical properties has been performed (with the determination of the anisotropic complex indices) for different columnar liquid crystals. The dynamics of dewetting and the equilibrium state of a thin supported film have also been investigated. Experimental results show the formation of anisotropic droplets and reveal a nanometric film during dewetting
Barboza, Raouf. "Solitons spatiaux et vortex optiques dans les cristaux liquides nématiques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949652.
Full textSantos, Felipe Argemi dos. "Detecçăo e estudo da microvazăo de líquidos em fibras de cristal fotônico usando difraçăo na microestrutura." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2010. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1512.
Full textIn this work, we introduce photonic crystal fibers and the study of liquid flow within those, by observing changes in the diffraction pattern generated in a a laser beam laterally incident in the fiber. By launching the laser beam perpendicularly onto the side of the photonic crystal fiber, a characteristic diffractive pattern is created by the cladding microstructure, which consists of a matrix of holes that run along the fiber. When the fiber is filled with a liquid with a refractive index close to that of silica, the diffractive pattern is reduced because the microstructure becomes virtually invisible to the laser. The diffraction pattern transition from an empty fiber to a completely filled one is not abrupt, taking place during several seconds. This is because not all the holes of the microstructure are filled at the same time, because they do not have exactly the same radii, and the displacement of the liquid depends on, among other factors, the radius of the structure along which it travels. By observing the diffractive pattern, one can, thus, determine the moment at which the fiber starts to be filled, via the beginning of the pattern change, until filling is complete, corresponding to the moment at which the diffractive pattern is completely changed. To determine the initial and final filling times accurately, and not influenced by the observer s subjective analysis, image processing techniques were used to evaluate the results. Through the times obtained it is possible to determine the largest and the shortest radius. The results of the size of the holes obtained by the time of filling, and the error in relation to the size observed by microscopy, will be presented. Finally, future work for improving the technique will be suggested.
Apresentamos neste trabalho as fibras de cristal fotônico e o estudo da vazão de líquidos no interior destas, pela observação da alteração no padrão de difração gerado pela incidência de um feixe laser pela lateral, a 90º da fibra. A incidência com estas características gera um padrão difrativo característico, graças à microestrutura periódica da casca, consistindo de uma matriz de buracos que percorre toda a fibra longitudinalmente. Quando a fibra é preenchida com um líquido de índice de refração próximo ao da sílica, o padrão difrativo é reduzido, já que a microestrutura se torna praticamente invisível ao laser. A transição da fibra vazia até seu completo preenchimento não ocorre de forma abrupta, mas sim durante alguns segundos. Isso ocorre, pois nem todos os buracos da microestrutura são preenchidos ao mesmo tempo, pois não têm exatamente o mesmo raio, e o deslocamento do líquido depende, além de outros fatores, do raio do estrutura pela qual se desloca. Observando o padrão difrativo, é possível determinar o instante de início do preenchimento da fibra, graças a alterações que este sofre, até seu completo preenchimento, correspondendo ao momento em que o padrão difrativo é completamente alterado. Para determinar os instantes iniciais e finais de preenchimento com mais precisão e não depender de uma análise subjetiva do observador, técnicas de processamento de imagem foram utilizadas. Através dos tempos obtidos é possível determinar o maior e o menor raio dos buracos da microestrutura. Os resultados do tamanho dos buracos obtidos pelos tempos do preenchimento, assim como o erro em relação ao tamanho real observado serão apresentados. Por fim, trabalhos futuros para aperfeiçoamento da técnica são sugeridos.
Bartholomei, Marcio Rubens Xavier. "Caracterização de formas de polímero de cristal líquido para indústrias de panificação em substituição as formas tradicionais de aço carbono." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2010. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1383.
Full textThe bakery uses forms of carbon steel coated with nonstick layer and these forms have a lifespan of 10,000 cycles of production (3 years to 3.5 years) and are expensive. In order to reduce this cost, these industries could replace conventional forms by forms of a commercial liquid crystal polymer, Vectra E540i. The present study evaluated the mechanical and physicochemical properties of this polymer, in view of this replacement, without prejudice to the quality of the bread obtained. Because of the need to use forms in an oven at high temperature, the samples were subjected to heat treatment at various temperatures above and below the temperature of cooking in the oven and then observed the effect of temperature on tensile strength and hardness of the material. Tests of degradation by ultraviolet (UV) were also conducted and found its effect on the tensile strength and impact. In these laboratory tests, the resistance of the forms and quality of bread were tested in a pilot plant. The results show that there is no degradation after constant exposure to UV radiation for 80 days and the tensile strength and impact were not affected. There were no significant changes in mechanical properties due to heating. It was observed that no major changes in mechanical properties due to heating in the polymer are subjected during its passage in the oven. At these temperatures, the mechanical properties mentioned are lower than expected. In a pilot scale, the quality of bread has not changed. From this study, the Company may decide to continue using the current metallic forms or replace them with forms of liquid crystal polymer Vectra E540i.
As indústrias de panificação usam formas de aço carbono revestidas com camada antiaderente sendo que estas formas têm uma vida útil de 10.000 ciclos de produção (3 anos a 3,5 anos) e tem custo elevado. Com o intuito de diminuir este custo, estas indústrias poderiam substituir as formas convencionais por formas a base de um polímero de cristal líquido comercial, Vectra E540i. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as propriedades mecânicas e físico-químicas deste polímero, tendo em vista esta substituição, sem prejuízo da qualidade do pão obtido. Devido à necessidade de se usar as formas num forno com temperaturas elevadas, as amostras foram submetidas a tratamento térmico em várias temperaturas, acima e abaixo das temperaturas do cozimento no forno e, posteriormente, foi verificado o efeito da temperatura na resistência à tração e na dureza do material. Também foram realizados ensaios de degradação por radiação ultravioleta (UV) e verificou-se seu efeito sobre a resistência a tração e impacto. Além destes ensaios laboratoriais, a resistência das formas e a qualidade do pão foram testadas numa planta piloto. Os resultados mostram que não há degradação frente à radiação UV, após exposição constante durante 80 dias, bem como as resistências à tração e ao impacto não foram afetadas. Observou-se que não há grandes alterações nas propriedades mecânicas devido ao aquecimento em que o polímero é submetido durante a sua passagem dentro do forno. Amostras aquecidas em temperaturas acima de 275ºC apresentaram a formação de bolhas visíveis a olho nu, sugerindo degradação térmica do polímero. Nestas temperaturas, as propriedades mecânicas citadas apresentam valores inferiores aos esperados. Em escala piloto, a qualidade do pão não se alterou A partir deste estudo a Empresa poderá tomar a decisão de continuar a utilizar as atuais formas metálicas ou substituir por formas a base do polímero de cristal líquido comercial Vectra E540i.
Roussel, Olivier. "Synthèse et purification de matériaux à caractère cristal liquide à base de triphénylène pour leur utilisation dans des diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210831.
Full textNous avons choisi d'étudier les composés discotiques à base de triphénylène, car celui-ci n'absorbe pas dans le visible. Nous avons tout d'abord étudié les 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexa-(alkylthio)triphénylènes (HATT). Les HATT possèdent déjà les propriétés physiques que nous recherchons à l'exception des propriétés thermotropes. Nous avons donc étudié la possibilité de modifier celles-ci.
La synthèse de plusieurs HATT possédant six chaînes alkylsulfanyles identiques n'a pas donné les résultats attendus du point de vue des propriétés thermotropes. Nous avons alors synthétisé des molécules possédant plusieurs chaînes alkylsulfanyles différentes. Après différents essais, nous avons trouvé un mélange de molécules possédant plusieurs chaînes latérales différentes ayant les propriétés physiques recherchées. Mais ce matériau est composé d'un grand nombre de molécules et sa purification est difficile. Les techniques classiques de purification des composés organiques ne donnant pas une pureté suffisante, ou étant inapplicables sur une mésophase cristal liquide à température ambiante, nous avons donc recherché d'autres techniques de purification ou d'obtention des propriétés thermotropes désirées.
Nous avons étudié la purification par raffinage de zone des matériaux à l'aide d'une impureté que nous avons ajoutée et suivie au cours des manipulations. Le raffinage de zone montre une bonne purification lors de l'utilisation d'une transition de phase entre une phase cristalline et une phase liquide. Par contre, lors de l'utilisation d'une transition impliquant une mésophase (cristal liquide ou cristal plastique), une faible (ou une absence de) purification est observée. Ces deux dernières études ont été faites sur des 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexa(alkyloxy)triphénylènes (HAOT) que nous avons synthétisés et purifiés au préalable.
Les gels de silice fonctionnalisés que nous avons utilisés montrent une purification des cations métalliques durs et, dans une moindre mesure, des cations métalliques intermédiaires dans le concept dur-mou. Le phosphore, seul élément non-métallique que nous ayons étudié, est l'élément dont la baisse de concentration est la moins efficace.
La seconde approche pour obtenir des mélanges possédant une mésophase cristal liquide à température ambiante est la formation de mélanges de molécules synthétisées et purifiées isolément. Parmi les mélanges de molécules que nous avons effectués, nous avons pu observer une plage de concentration de mélanges ternaires qui possède les propriétés thermotropes recherchées.
Nous avons donc obtenu un matériau cristal liquide à température ambiante grâce à un mélange de molécules. Le matériau ainsi formé absorbe peu dans le visible, possède potentiellement une bonne mobilité des porteurs de charges électriques, est facilement obtenu à une pureté suffisante. Ce mélange de molécules possède donc les propriétés que nous recherchons pour être utilisé comme couche de matériau ajoutée aux OLED.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bernard, Laurent. "Caractérisation multi-échelle de la structure et du transport de cristaux liquides ioniques : vers des électrolytes solides innovants pour batteries lithium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY002.
Full textOne major issue towards large-scale application of lithium-based batteries concerns their safety which is directly related to the nature of the electrolyte. Solid electrolytes are at present considered as a promising approach to avoid the risks related to the commonly employed liquids. Herein we report the synthesis and the characterization of a promising class of electrolytes: Thermotropic Ionic Liquid Crystals (TILCs). We describe the design and the synthesis of new self-assembled single-ion materials in function of their chemical architecture. We performed a systematic structural and functional properties study, demonstrating the crystal-liquid properties as well as the supramolecular organization into columnar phases. One of the most promising TILC shows a conductivity of 10-4 S.cm-1 at 70°C. The ion dynamics was probed at molecular scale to establish the main features of hopping conduction mechanism. Further polymerization of the TILCs could be applied to develop high performance single-ion polymer electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
Topan, José Fernando. "Emulsões à base de óleo de girassol (Helianthus annus L.) com cristal líquido: avaliação das propriedades físico-químicas e atividade cosmética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-21052012-104306/.
Full textEmulsions are dispersed systems consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases and an emulsifying agent to stabilize them. The dispersed phase of these systems is known as the internal phase and the dispersing environ is the external phase, which are, however, thermodynamically unstable systems. The presence of liquid crystals increases the stability of these dispersions and also change the viscosity. They are able to promote the encapsulation of active, allowing sustained release as well as the protection of photo-and thermo-sensitive drugs. Sunflower oil is an interesting phase in an oily emulsion, because it has healing properties due to the high concentration of linoleic acid, and antioxidant properties due to the presence of polyphenols and vitamin E. They have applications in different areas such as cosmetics, food, medicines and other vehicles. The objectives of this study were to develop stable emulsions containing liquid crystals from a mixture of sunflower oil (Helianthus annus L.) and mineral (mineral oil), characterize them and evaluate the influence of different fatty esters in the formation of liquid crystals. The formulations were developed using the method of diagram and ternary pseudo-diagram, from which we selected two formulations that have been demonstrated stable and presented as liquid crystals throughout the accelerated stability test. They were doped with polyphenols glycolic extracts and acid esters, and have been kept stable with liquid crystal. At the rheological characterization was observed pseudo-plastic flow and thixotropic, ideal for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Sunflower oil showed antioxidant activity even when heated to the emulsification process by the radical DPPHo method. The carbon chains of fatty esters used in cosmetics can influence the formation and maintenance of liquid crystals. In vivo tests showed that the formulations developed promoted prolonged increase in skin hydration and were not seen signs of skin irritation.
Silva, Askery Alexandre Canabarro Barbosa da. "Efeitos de superfície nas transições de fases por redução de camadas em filmes de cristal líquido livremente suspensos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2007. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/998.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Cristais líquidos exibem uma grande variedade de fases que diferem umas das outras por suas propriedades físicas e estruturais. Próximo a uma transição de fase, estes compostos são bastante sensíveis às interações superficiais apresentando fenômenos interfaciais que são extraodinariamente variados e interessantes. A interação entre as surperfícies limitantes e as moléculas de cristal líquido produz camadas superficiais com propriedades muito diferentes das camadas interiores do filme. Por exemplo, observa-se experimentalmente o fenômeno não-usual da redução de camadas ocasionado pelo aquecimento do filme. Acima da temperatura de transição esmética-A - Isotrópica da porção interior do filme, a amostra é reduzida para um número menor de camadas com o aumento da temperatura. A temperatura dessas transições por redução de camadas se relaciona com a espessura do filme por meio de uma lei de potência simples. O expoente característico, μ, medido experimentalmente usando compostos distintos, varia ligeiramente no intervalo 0.6 < μ < 0.8. Neste trabalho, investigamos como os efeitos de superfície modificam os perfis dos parâmetros de ordem na vizinhan¸ca da transição Esmética-A-Isotrópica (EsmA- I) em filmes de cristal líquido livremente suspensos, usando uma aproximação de campo médio estendida que permite incorporar explicitamente o ancoramento das camadas superficiais no potencial efetivo. Observamos a contribuição do ancoramento das superfícies para a estabilidade do filme. Encontramos que há um ancoramento superficial característico acima do qual as camadas da porção central do filme são menos ordenadas que as camadas da superfície. Também determinamos o expoente característico que governa a dependência da temperatura de transição com a espessura do filme. Mostramos que os diferentes valores dos expoentes estão relacionados com a razão entre o comprimento da porção central (rígida) das moléculas e o espaçamento típico entre as camadas, bem como com a espessura dos filmes estudados. Nossos resultados reproduzem qualitativamente os principais dados experimentais relacionados com as transições por redução de camadas em filmes esméticos livremente suspensos.
Longo, Daniela Paula [UNESP]. "Obtenção, caracterização e estudo de liberação in vitro e permeação in vivo de sistemas microestruturados contendo cafeína." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89770.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A mistura de óleo, água e tensoativo é capaz de formar estruturas e sistemas variados, dependendo das características e da proporção dos componentes utilizados. Sistemas microestruturados, como cristais líquidos e microemulsões, são utilizados para encapsular fármacos e substâncias ativas em produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver sistemas microestruturados para a incorporação da cafeína com finalidade de uso tópico para otimizar o tratamento da hidrolipodistrofia ginóide. A mistura direta de PPG-5-Ceteth-20 (tensoativo), adipato de dibutila (fase oleosa) e água em diferentes proporções possibilitou a obtenção de formulações com formas de estruturação variadas, como microemulsão, emulsão e mesofases líquido-cristalinas. As formulações obtidas foram caracterizadas por meio de microscopia de luz polarizada, determinação de índice de refração, densidade relativa e condutividade e comportamento reológico. Estudos de solubilidade mostraram que os sistemas foram capazes de solubilizar cerca de 1,5% de cafeína. Estudos de liberação in vitro, que utilizaram modelo de célula de difusão em sistema estático do tipo Franz adaptada ao equipamento de dissolução indicaram que as formulações apresentaram características de sistemas reservatórios de liberação prolongada. Para o estudo de permeação in vivo foram utilizados suínos machos, Landrace x Large White, submetidos ao tratamento com formulação acrescida ou não de cafeína. Fragmentos de pele e hipoderme foram retirados para a análise histológica. A formulação com características de cristal líquido de fase hexagonal foi eficaz em aumentar a permeação cutânea à cafeína, facilitando assim sua ação. A cafeína aplicada desta forma fez com que houvesse uma redução significativa da espessura da hipoderme. O sistema atua como promotor de permeação e garante a eficácia da cafeína no tratamento da celulite.
Oil, water and surfactant mixture may form a variety of structures and phases accordingly to the characteristics and the ratio of the used components. Microcompartmented systems as liquid crystals and microemulsions are used to encapsulated drugs and active substances in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The objective of this research was the development of microcompartmented systems for incorporation of caffeine with the purpose of topical use on treatment of the gynoid lipodystrophy. The direct mixture of PPG-5-Ceteth-20 (surfactant), dybutyl adipate (oil phase) and water in differents proportions made possible to obtain formulations with different structuring forms as microemulsions, emulsions and liquid crystalline mesophases. The formulations were characterized through the polarization light microscopy, refractive index, relative density, conductivity and behavior rheological. Solubility studies were accomplished showed that the systems were capable to solubilize about 1,5% of caffeine. In vitro release studies using the cell of diffusion model in static system of Franz's type adapted to the dissolution equipment indicated formulations with characteristics of reservoirs systems. The permeability study in vivo used male pig (Landrace x Large White) and they were submitted to the treatment. Formulations with or without caffeine were applied. Skin's fragments and hypoderm of them were removed for histology analysis after the treatment. The formulation with liquid crystal of hexagonal phase characteristics was efficient in increasing skin permeability to the caffeine, thus facilitating its drug action. The application of caffeine this way led to a significant reduction of the hypoderms thickness. The developed system is adjusted for topical use, is skin penetration enhancers and it guarantees the effectiveness of the caffeine in the treatment of the cellulite.
Gérard, Hervé. "Simulation de spectres de résonance magnétique nucléaire de cristaux liquides, polymères cristaux liquides et polymères conventionnels." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10144.
Full textFan, Yujiao. "Polymersomes à propriété d'émission induite par l'agrégation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC022.
Full text1.We combine AIE properties with polymer nanostructures self-assembled in well-controlled manners. 2.We propose a rational design of AIE polymersomes, and develop them as efficient systems for bioimaging and theranostics (combining diagnostics and therapy)
Moraes, Cristhianne Soares Silva. "Desenvolvimento de sistemas dispersos a partir do óleo das sementes de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-03102016-144704/.
Full textThe commercial and scientific importance of emulsions among the colloidal systems is unquestionable. These systems consist of two immiscible phases that could be obtained by different methods of emulsification. Emulsions have excellent ability to solubilize hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, so, are widely used as vehicules for drugs and cosmetics. The rational design of these systems requires studies of the main factors that influence their formation, physicochemical properties and, consequently, stability and performance. Nowadays, the use of vegetable oils in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries becomes attractive. Dipteryx alata Vog is an oleaginous plant specie native to Cerrado. The seeds of this specie contain an oil with a high degree of unsaturation (oleic and linoleic fatty acids are the major constituents) and significant amounts of tocopherols and phytosterols, representing an important source of agents capable of acting to combat the oxidative processes directly related to aging and degenerative diseases. The objective of this research was the development and characterization of dispersed systems using the oil extracted from the seeds of D. alata (baru). The steps involved in the development of the systems were: 1) Preparation and characterization of vegetable raw material (oil); 2) Development of formulations: Study of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Balance (HLB) required for baru oil; study of surfactant class; Construction of the ternary diagram; physicochemical characterization and stability studies of dispersed systems obtained; 3) In vitro assays: Evaluation of microscopic structural change of dispersed systems by simulating the evaporation of the final product after application on the skin; study of the effect of dispersed systems in the dynamics of the stratum corneum membrane by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. The use of low energy emulsification method allowed the development of two stable emulsions: one with presence of lamellar gel phase and another with nanometric size particles. The study of physicochemical properties of the formulations showed absence of any signs of instability of the formulations during the storage period. The use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy provide information about the molecular dynamics of the stratum corneum facing the implementation of oil and formulations, demonstrating the potential of them to act as drug or cosmetic active vehicles
Fouques, Axel. "Films de cellulose bioinspirés à propriétés photoniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALV044.pdf.
Full textCellulose nanocrystals are bio-sourced rod-like nanoparticles showing a remarkable iridescent optical response owing to their ability to self-assemble into cholesteric liquid crystalline phases above a threshold concentration. In the literature, 100% cellulose films and composite materials capable of impressive colour responses have been prepared respectively from aqueous suspensions by controlled drying and/or using organic and inorganic precursors. In this PhD work, we prepare materials from polymerisable cholesteric suspensions with the aim of developing a photonic optical response for arange of composite materials, including flexible and stimulable ones. In that extent, cellulose nanocrystals are compatibilised with organic apolar solvents and monomers using the steric stabilisation of a surfactant. The modification of colloidal interactions in apolar suspensions reduces the cholesteric pitch compared to aqueous suspensions, leading to an optical response at high angles of incidence already in suspension. The optical response in suspension is tuned by the control of the orientation of the cholesteric helices by electric (reorientation and unwinding) and magnetic (alignment) fields before being locked into polymer composites. The retention of the cholesteric assembly of fillers and their field-aligned orientation preserves an iridescent optical response in the composites that is characterised in detail by angular-resolved spectroscopy. In a complementary approach, cellulose and composite films are prepared by drying an organic solvent CNC suspension to yield a slight iridescent optical response in reflection at normal incidence
Riou, Ophélie. "Matériaux cristaux liquides magnétiques." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2419/.
Full textLiquid-Crystalline Elastomers (LCE) allow to obtain actuators and other sensors. These materials can change shape under temperature. In addition to magnetic nanoparticles, LCE offer the interest of responding to a magnetic field. In order to understand the mechanisms at stake, we start by the study of no cross-linkage systems that is to say by liquid-crystalline polymers doped with magnetic nanoparticles (PCLM). Then, we compare it at only liquid-crystalline polymers (PCL). The strutural study of these polymers shows that in presence of an interaction between the liquid-crystalline matrix and the cobalt nanorods, mesogens of PCLM show a better alignment under magnetic field. Then, we have studied the cross-linkage systems. The Materials obtained are liquid-crystal and ferromagnetic. To see a shape modification of the material it must be monodomain. Thus, we have realized syntheses of composite under magnetic field at room temperature, to aligne the mesogens and the cobalt nanorods in the same direction. The observation of these samples enables to see that the cobalt nanorods are well aligned. However, to aligne the mesogens it appears that it would be better to use an isotropic temperature and to apply the magnetic field. This study has approved the feasibility to realize magnetic mesomorphous elastomers and has shown the contribution of doping of the liquid-crystalline matrix by cobalt nanorods
Abelha, Thais Fedatto. "Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sistemas de liberação tópico para veiculação de siRNA na terapia gênica da córnea: gel termorreversível e nanodispersões de cristal líquido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-11012013-103324/.
Full textThe understanding of human genome and the evolvement of molecular biology led to discovery of important cellular mechanisms. Gene therapy has emerged as an approach to interfere with cell physiology, whenever it has a dysfunction that causes a disease, bringing new possibility of treatment to countless illnesses. In RNA interference mechanism, small double-stranded RNAs (small interference RNA, siRNA) inhibit specific gene expression. The eye has been one of the targeted organs for the use of such technology and, moreover, the corneal membrane is an attractive tissue due to the easy access and the existence of several diseases that can impair vision. To enhance bioavailability and facilitate the delivery of siRNA using a cationic polymer, a thermoreversible formulation containing chitosan and a liquid crystalline formulation functionalized hyaluronic acid were studied as potential delivery systems for ocular delivery of siRNA and both this systems are inedited as topical and ocular delivery of siRNA. A poloxamer 407 thermoreversible gel of was associated with two different types of chitosan (LMW with 92.2% deacetylation and MMW with 77.0% deacetylation). Both formulations showed desirable characteristics not only as gene delivery systems due to positive residual charge and capacity for complexing the siRNA, but also as a compatible ocular delivery system, due to pseudoplastic rheological behavior. The LMW chitosan and addition of NaCl to the formulation influenced the Tsol/gel of poloxamer gel; only the association with MMW chitosan showed desirable Tsol/gel. The systems containing poloxamer in combination with two different types of chitosan did not promote in vitro penetration of siRNA using bovine cornea under the used experimental conditions. The liquid crystalline system was developed with monoolein (MO), polyethylenimine (PEI), hyaluronic acid (HA) and aqueous phase. The formation of crystalline phases was observed by polarized light microscopy and the mesophases structures were confirmed by small angle X-ray diffraction. The liquid crystalline system composed of a mixture of hexagonal and cubic phases was dispersed into nanoparticles of suitable size, of approximately 166 nm. The formulations showed desirable characteristics as gene delivery systems, such as suitable zeta potential, ability to complex without degrading the siRNA and were not cytotoxic to fibroblasts L929, moreover, were compatible with the ocular administration due to isotonicity. The dispersion of crystals of MO/PEI was able to transfect L929 cells, however the incorporation of the HA decreased cellular uptake, probably due to high molecular weight hyaluronic acid employed. This study provides an outline for the future development of topical formulations to deliver siRNA to the cornea.
Silva, Ana Maria Percebom Sette da 1986. "Autoassociação de sais complexos de surfatantes e copolímeros aleatórios e enxertados." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248356.
Full textTexto em português e inglês
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Este trabalho se insere em uma linha de pesquisa de nosso grupo sobre a autoassociação de surfatantes iônicos que são neutralizados por contraíons poliméricos, formando os chamados sais complexos. A proposta do presente projeto trata da verificação do efeito de diferentes arquiteturas ou composições químicas de poliânions sobre as propriedades de autoassociação do surfatante catiônico hexadeciltrimetilamônio, utilizando copolímeros aleatórios. A mistura estequiométrica de poli-íons e surfatantes opostamente carregados geralmente leva à separação de uma fase concentrada em sal complexo. Esta fase pode apresentar diferentes estruturas (cristais líquidos ou sistemas micelares) e é interessante para aplicações como moldes para matérias mesoporosos e alguns cosméticos, mas inviabiliza o seu uso em soluções aquosas, como por exemplo, para carreadores de fármacos. Para evitar a separação de fases de sais complexos em água, a estratégia utilizada neste trabalho foi usar copolímeros que possuem comonômeros aniônicos e cadeias laterais hidrofílicas. Dentro do contexto de se estudar complexos de copoli-íons, este projeto também envolve o estudo de sais complexos formados por um copolímero que possui comonômeros hidrofóbicos e hidrofílicos, para verificar seu efeito sobre o comportamento de fases. Para identificar e caracterizar as fases formadas, a principal técnica usada foi a de espalhamento de raios-X a baixos ângulos, que permitiu determinar os diagramas de fases. Também permitiu, em conjunto com o resultado de outras técnicas (espalhamento de luz dinâmico, difusão por ressonância magnética nuclear, tensiometria e fluorescência), mostrar que alterações na estrutura dos polímeros diversifica as estruturas formadas pela autoassociação do surfatante e, consequentemente, suas propriedades
Abstract: This project is part of a research in our group involving the selfassembly of ionic surfactants neutralized by polymeric counterions, forming the so-called complex salts. The main goal of this study is to verify the effect of different architectures or different chemical compositions of polyanions on the self-assembly of the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium, by using different random copolymers. The stoichiometric mixture of poly-ions and oppositely charged surfactants generally leads to the separation of a phase concentrated in complex salt. This phase can display different structures (liquid crystal or micellar systems) and is interesting for applications such as templates for mesoporous materials or cosmetics, but forbids the use in aqueous solutions, such as for drug carriers. To avoid phase separation of complex salts in water, the strategy was to use copolymers with anionic comonomers and hydrophilic neutral side-chains. In the context of studying complex salts of copolyions, this project also involves the study of complex salts formed by a copolymer with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic comonomers, to verify the effect on the phase behavior. In order to identify and characterize the obtained phases, the main technique used was small angle X-ray scattering, which provided information to determine the phase diagrams. These data along with the results from other techniques (dynamic light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, surface tension measurements and fluorescence) show that changes on the polymer structure provide a diversification of the surfactant assembles and, as a consequence, of the resulting properties
Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutora em Ciências
Sant\'Ana, Zósia Angélica de. "Propriedades reológicas e magnéticas de liomesofases colestéricas uni e biaxiais." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-02122009-142937/.
Full textIn this work, several techniques were used to study mesophases constituted by potassium laurate, decylammonium chloride, water and brucine sulfate. This system was chosen for presenting a cholesteric biaxial phase, whose characterization continues to be worthy of investigation. Rheological measurements were made on nematic and cholesteric systems, in different compositions and situations. The values of apparent viscosity were calculated and the behaviour was characterized. For the RMN studies, a probe moIecule, the racemic form of dl alanine, was introduced in the sampIes trying to verify difference between in interaction of the enantiomers d and I with the main cholesteric matrix. The spectra were obtained with temperature variation. It was compared the data of variation of the order parameter, obtained from the direct couplings, with the half width of the wide line of the proton spectra, to obtain information about the behaviour of the alanine and of the cholesteric micelles. All the phases were accompanied by microscopy studies under polarized light, simple and efficient technique to characterize types of liquid crystal phases.
Ebel, Christine. "Etude des cristaux liquides smectiques C chiraux en vue de la réalisation d'écrans plats." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10076.
Full textBen, Aziza Haifa. "The pillar [5] arene as a polyfunctional core for the development of molecular materials." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF067/document.
Full textClickable pillar[5]arene building blocks have been used for the efficient grafting of peripheral subunits onto the macrocyclic core. New liquid-crystalline pillar[5]arene derivatives have been prepared by grafting either p-dodecyloxybenzoate groups or percec-type dendrons on the macrocyclic scaffold. On the other hand, pillar[5]arene derivatives bearing peripheral porphyrin subunits have been efficiently prepared from the clickable pillar[5]arene building block and Zn(II)-porphyrin derivatives bearing a terminal alkyne function. Owing to an intramolecular complexation of the peripheral Zn(II)-porphyrin moieties by 1,2,3-triazole subunits, an original dynamic conformational equilibrium leading to a folding of the molecules has been evidenced by variable temperature 1H NMR studies. Finally, a clickable [2]rotaxane scaffold incorporating a free-base porphyrin stopper has been prepared and functionalized with ten peripheral Zn(II)-porphyrin moieties to afford a sophisticated photoactive supramolecular device
Bortoluzzi, Blenda Medeiros Agostinho. "Remoção dos corantes azul de metileno e cristal violeta de Solução aquosa utilizando Epicarpo (casca) de uva Niágara rosada (Vitis labrusca) como adsorvente." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2015. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/1420.
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Neste estudo, a Casca da Uva Niágara Rosada in natura (Vitis Labrusca), aqui denominada CUNRin, foi preparada, caracterizada e, posteriormente, utilizada como adsorvente alternativo para a remoção dos corantes catiônicos, Azul de metileno (AM) e Cristal violeta (CV) de solução aquosa. Os ensaios de adsorção foram realizados pelo processo em batelada a temperatura de 25,0 ± 1,0 ºC. Importantes parâmetros que influenciam na capacidade de adsorção como pH inicial, massa de adsorvente, tempo de contato e concentração inicial de corante foram investigados neste trabalho. A capacidade máxima de adsorção para o (AM) e (CV) foi obtida em pH alcalino (8,0 - 10,0). A quantidade de massa adsorvente necessária para maior eficiência na remoção dos corantes (AM) e (CV) foi de 400,0 mg. O tempo mínimo para estabelecer a condição de equilíbrio para o (AM) foi de 30,0 minutos, enquanto para o (CV) foi de 60,0 minutos. As cinéticas de adsorção dos corantes na CUNRin foram investigadas utilizando os modelos cinéticos não - lineares de Pseudo - primeira ordem, Pseudo - segunda ordem e Elovich. O modelo de Pseudo-segunda ordem é o que melhor descreve a cinética de adsorção para ambos corantes estudados com valores R2 próximos da unidade e baixos de valores χ2 . Estudos de equilíbrio entre adsorvente - adsorvato foram realizados através dos modelos matemáticos não - lineares de Langmuir, Freundlich e Sips. Dentre os modelos de equilíbrio estudados o modelo de Sips é o mais indicado para descrever a adsorção entre as moléculas do corante e adsorvente. Com base no modelo de Sips as capacidades máximas de adsorção obtidas foram de 110,80 ± 3,92 mg g–1 para (AM) e 93,80 ± 3,71 mg g–1 para (CV). A viabilidade da CUNRin foi investigada em efluente têxtil sintético. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a CUNRin pode ser utilizada como adsorvente alternativo para a remoção dos adsorventes (AM) e (CV) de efluentes aquosos.
In this study, Niagara grape skin Pink in nature (Vitis Labrusca), herein called CUNRin, was prepared and characterized and then used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of the cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from aquous solution. The adsorption experiments were performed by batch process temperature of 25.0 ± 1.0 °C. Important parameters that influence the adsorption capacity as initial pH, adsorbent mass, contact time and initial concentration of dye were investigated in this work. The maximum adsorption capacity for (AM) and (CV) was obtained at alkaline pH between (8.0 - 10.0). The amount of adsorbent required for efficient removal of dyes (AM) and (CV) was 400.0 mg. The minimum time to set up the equilibrium condition for (AM) was 30.0 minutes, while for the (CV) was 60.0 minutes. The kinetics of adsorption of dyes in CUNRin were investigated using non - linear kinetic models of Pseudo - first order, Pseudo -second order and Elovich. The Pseudo - second order model is what best describes the adsorption kinetics for both dyes studied with R2 values close to unity and downs of values χ2. Balance studies between adsorbent - adsorvate were performed through nonlinear mathematical models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips. Among equilibrium models studied the Sips model it is the most suitable to describe the adsorption of the dye molecules and the adsorbent. Based on the model Sips maximum adsorption capacity obtained were 110.80 mg g–1 ± 3.92 mg g-1 to (AM) and 93.80 mg g–1 ± 3.71 mg g-1 to (VC). The viability was investigated CUNRin synthetic textile effluent. The results obtained show that the CUNRin can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of the adsorbents (AM) and (CV) of aqueous effluents.
Boucher, Nicolas. "Etude structurale de cristaux liquides calamitiques en volume et aux interfaces." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210177.
Full textUn composé cristal-liquide de la série précédente, le dioctylterthiophène, a ensuite été caractérisé en couche mince afin d’étudier les effets d’interfaces sur sa structure. La caractérisation, par diffraction des rayons X et microscopie à force atomique, de films minces de différentes épaisseurs, a révélé l’existence d’une phase ‘‘couche mince’’ à partir de leur interface substrat/composé et sur une épaisseur d’environ 30 nm. Au-delà de cette épaisseur, la phase en volume domine l’organisation supramoléculaire de chaque film. Aucune phase similaire (à la phase couche mince) n’a, par contre, été détectée à leur interface air/composé. Deux températures d’isotropisation ont donc été observées à 106°C pour la phase couche mince et à 90°C pour la phase en volume.
Enfin, le phénomène de pré-transition de phase à l’interface air/composé de films épais de dihexylterthiophène et de dioctylterthiophène, a été étudié par ellipsométrie. Cette technique nous a permis d’observer la formation progressive d’une couche anisotrope à l’interface air/composé de chaque film quelques degrés au dessus de leur température de transition de phase isotrope/smectique. L’épaisseur de chaque couche anisotrope augmente par couche smectique lorsque la température décroit vers la température de transition de phase isotrope/smectique. À l’approche de cette température de transition, nous avons constaté que chaque épaisseur diverge impliquant un mouillage complet de leur interface air/composé. L’épaisseur de chaque couche anisotrope augmente tout d’abord de manière logarithmique ;puis à l’approche de la température de transition, cette augmentation suit une loi de puissance.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished