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1
Suzuki, Kenji. "Friction Control Using Orientation of Liquid Cristal." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2004.7 (2004): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2004.7.0_323.
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Sirait, Marudut. "POTENSI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PADA PROSES PRODUKSI LIQUID CRISTAL DISPLAY (LCD) KOMPUTER." Journal of Engineering and Management Industial System 4, no. 1 (December 24, 2016): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jemis.04.01.05.
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Sirait, Marudut. "POTENSI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PADA PROSES PRODUKSI LIQUID CRISTAL DISPLAY (LCD) KOMPUTER." Journal of Engineering and Management Industial System 4, no. 1 (December 24, 2016): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jemis.2016.004.01.5.
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Kondratyev, D. V., and N. G. Migranov. "Periodic Distortions of Smectic Liquid Cristal Layers in Magnetic and Electric Fields." Liquid Crystals and their Application 19, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18083/lcappl.2019.1.79.
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Honda, Shuichi, Takahiro Ishinabe, Shogo Takahashi, Yosei Shibata, and Hideo Fujikake. "Analysis on Bending Deformation of Plastic Substrates of Flexible Liquid Cristal Displays." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 72, no. 10 (2018): J131—J135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.72.j131.
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Berthele, P., H. Hamam, and J. L. De Bougrenet De La Tocnaye. "PROGRAMMABLE COMPUTER GENERATED HOLOGRAMS USING FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRISTAL MATERIALS AS PHASE MODULATORS." Ferroelectrics 181, no. 1-4 (June 1996): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.1996.10399404.
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Azad, Gm S., Yizhe Huang, and Je-Chin Han. "Jet Impingement Heat Transfere on Pinned Surface Using a Transient Liquid Cristal Technique." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 8, no. 3 (2002): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x02000155.
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Ferrantini, Cecilia, J. Manu Pioner, Daniele Martella, Raffaele Coppini, Nicoletta Piroddi, Paolo Paoli, Martino Calamai, et al. "Design of Biocompatible Liquid Cristal Elastomers Reproducing the Mechanical Properties of Human Cardiac Muscle." Biophysical Journal 116, no. 3 (February 2019): 264a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1433.
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Sudarmanto, Agus. "PEMBUATAN ALAT UJI KEKENTALAN MINYAK GORENG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE VISKOSITAS STOKES UNTUK PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR 1 JURUSAN TADRIS FISIKA FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN IAIN WALISONGO." Phenomenon : Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA 4, no. 2 (February 22, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/phen.2014.4.2.103.
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<p>Penelitian ini merancang dan merealisasikan pembuatan alat uji kekentalan minyak goreng dengan metode viskositas stokes dan indeks bias.<br />Pembuatan alat uji kekentalan minyak goreng dengan metode vis- kositas stokes terdiri dari sumber cahaya, sensor cahaya yang keluarannya diproses dengan mikrokontroler ATMega8535 dengan algoritma program kemudian hasilnya ditampilkan pada LCD (<em>Liquid Cristal Display</em>).<br />Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa pembuatan alat uji kekentalan min- yak goreng dengan metode viskositas stokes dan indeks bias pada prak- tikum Tadris Fisika Fakultas Tarbiyah IAIN Walisongo Semarang sudah dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan yang diinginkan dan data nilai viskositas- nya yaitu sebesar 4,80×10-3 Ns/m2.</p>
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Wirawan, Muhammad Teguh. "SISTEM OTOMATISASI POMPA AIR WATER COOLING TOWER MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER ARM STM32F4 di PT.INDOSPRING Tbk." E-Link: Jurnal Teknik Elektro dan Informatika 15, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/e-link.v15i2.1989.
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Sistem Otomatisasi Pompa Air Water Cooling Tower Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arm Stm32f4 Di Pt.Indospring Tbk. Sebagai pusat pengontrol alat dan pemroses data. Alat ini dapat mengontrol otomatisasi motor pompa sentrifugal menggunakan sensor arus acs 712, sedangkan untuk hasil sensornya sendiri ditampilkan pada LCD (Liquid Cristal Display). Sistem kerjanya adalah jika sensor arus men deteksi ampere berlebih pada pompa utama, maka secara otomatis pompa utama akan mati dan digantikan pompa cadangan yang telah disiapkan. Water cooling tower ini juga di lengkapi sensor suhu LM35 yang berfungsi untuk menghidupkan fan blower apabila suhu air lebih dari 40˚C. Untuk memudahkan petugas perawatan mengetahui level air kolam cooling tower maka ditambahkan sensor water level kontrol.
Berdasarkan pengujian dan pengamatan alat menggunakan tabel indikator keberhasilan telah menunjukkan bahwa Sistem Otomatisasi Pompa Air Water Cooling Tower Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arm Stm32f4 Di Pt.Indospring Tbk berjalan dengan baik.
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Sudarmanto, Agus. "PEMBUATAN ALAT LABORATORIUM FISIKA FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN IAIN WALISONGO UNTUK PRAKTIKUM OSILASI CAIRAN DAN AYUNAN MATEMATIS SECARA DIGITAL." Phenomenon : Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/phen.2013.3.1.171.
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<p>Penelitian ini merancang dan merealisasikan pembua- tan alat laboratorium Fisika Fakultas Tarbiyah IAIN secara digital yaitu pada praktikum osilasi cairan dan ayunan matematis.<br />Pembuatan alat laboratorium Fisika Fakultas Ilmu Tar- biyah dan Keguruan IAIN Walisongo untuk praktikum osi- lasi cairan dan ayunan matematis secara digital terdiri dari sumber cahaya, sensor cahaya yang keluarannya, dengan keypad sebagai masukannya kemudian diproses dengan mikrokontroler ATMega8535 dengan algoritma program kemudian hasilnya ditampilkan pada LCD (<em>Liquid Cristal Display</em>).<br />Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa pembuatan alat lab- oratorium sika untuk praktikum osilasi cairan dan ayu- nan matematis secara digital sudah dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan yang diinginkan dan data hasil dari alat tersebut mendekati nilai percepatan gravitasi bumi sebenarnya yai- tu sebesar 9,8 m/s2.</p>
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Tixier-Mita, A., S. Ihida, G. A. Cathcart, F. A. Shaik, and H. Toshiyoshi. "(Invited) More Than Moore Applications with Thin-Film-Transistors Array Substrates from Liquid Cristal Display: New Devices for Biological Cells Analyses." ECS Transactions 72, no. 3 (May 19, 2016): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07203.0039ecst.
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Muchtar, Husnibes, and Ridwan Sobirin. "Rancang Bangun Alat Pendeteksi Medan Listrik Portable untuk Keamanan Manusia." RESISTOR (Elektronika Kendali Telekomunikasi Tenaga Listrik Komputer) 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/resistor.4.1.47-54.
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Medan listrik yang ditimbulkan oleh peralatan listrik memiliki dampak buruk bagi manusia, medan listrik tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata manusia namun dampaknya dapat dirasakan oleh tubuh manusia, untuk mengetahui adanya medan listrik dan jarak terjauh medan listrik pada suatu peralatan listrik, maka diperlukan alat pendeteksi medan listrik. Metode yang digunakan Pada proyek akhir ini adalah menggunakan IC CMOS CD 4093 dan sistem mikrokontroller AtMega 328 P. Adapun langkah-langkah yang digunakan yaitu identifikasi kebutuhan alat, perancangan perangkat keras, perancangan perangkat lunak, dan pembagian data. Perencanaan sistem ini terdiri dari 4 bagian : sistem sensor, sistem pengolah data, sistem penampil data dan rangkaian Catu Daya.Sistem sensor menggunakan IC CMOS CD 40493 yang berfungi untuk mendeteksi keberadaan medan listrik pada peralatan yang menggunakan sumber listrik. Sistem pengolah data berupa sistem minimum menggunakan mikrokontroller Atmega 328 P untuk mengolah data yang dihasilkan oleh IC CMOS CD 4093, kemudian bagian berikutnya adalah penampil data berupa LCD (Liquid Cristal Display) dengan type modul M1632 LCD, berfungsi untuk menampikan data yang ditangkap oleh sensor dan kemudian diolah pada sistem mikrokontroller Atmega 328 P kemudian ditampilkan pada LCD, Bagian terakhir yaitu rangkaian Power Supply, bagian ini sebagai penyedia catu daya agar rangkaian dapat bekerja semestinya.The electric field generated by electrical equipment has a bad impact on humans, the electric field cannot be seen with the human eye but its impact can be felt by the human body, to determine the presence of an electric field and the farthest distance from the electric field in an electrical equipment, an electric field detector is needed. . The method used in this final project is to use IC CMOS CD 4093 and AtMega 328 P microcontroller system. The steps used are identification of equipment requirements, hardware design, software design, and data sharing. This system planning consists of 4 parts: sensor system, data processing system, data display system and power supply circuit. The sensor system uses the CMOS CD 40493 IC which functions to detect the presence of an electric field in equipment that uses a power source. The data processing system in the form of a minimum system uses an Atmega 328 P microcontroller to process the data generated by the IC CMOS CD 4093, then the next part is a data viewer in the form of an LCD (Liquid Cristal Display) with the M1632 LCD module type, functions to display data captured by sensors and then processed on the Atmega 328 P microcontroller system then displayed on the LCD, the last part is the Power Supply circuit, this section serves as a power supply provider so that the circuit can work properly.
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Rudi, Rudi, Irwan Dinata, and Rudy Kurniawan. "RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE SISTEM SMART PARKING BERBASIS ARDUINO DAN PEMANTAUAN MELALUI SMARTPHONE." Jurnal ECOTIPE 4, no. 2 (October 25, 2017): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ecotipe.v4i2.7.
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Perancangan Smart Parking bertujuan untuk merancang suatu alat mikrokontroler yaitu Smart Parking yang dapat menginformasikan dan mengarahkan pengendara mobil ke area parkir yang kosong. Lahan parkir yang dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian terdiri dari beberapa lokasi parkir dengan kapasitas beberapa kendaraan, namun penelitian ini hanya memilih bebarapa slot parkir sebagai sampel. Pada perancangan ini memiliki beberapa bagian umum yang digunakan, yaitu sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04, Arduino Mega, PC/laptop, LCD (Liquid Cristal Display) dan IOT (Internet Of Things) penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LCD akan menampilkan beberapa slot parkir yang sudah terisi dan beberapa lagi slot parkir yang kosong dan pemantauan melalui Smartphone dengan menggunakan aplikasi Blynk. Sedangkan untuk bagian palang pintu masuk area parkir menggunakan alat yaitu servo, dan Arduino UNO sebagai pengoperasian palang pintu parkir tersebut. Pada perancangan ini menghasilkan jarak pada sensor parkir di bawah 6 cm menandakan bahwa keadaan slot parkir terisi dan di atas 6 cm menandakan keadaan slot parkir tersedia pada LCD dan aplikasi Blynk tersebut. Sedangkan untuk servo palang masuk mendeteksi mobil pada jarak di bawah 5cm servo akan terbuka dengan delay 3 detik dan jika di atas 5 cm menandakan bahwa tidak ada mobil di depan palang sensor.
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Sujiwa, Akbar, and Oktavianus Hadiwikarta. "ARDUINO UNO BASED AUTOMATIC DESIGN TO BUILD WINE DRINKING TOOL USING SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR." BEST : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology 2, no. 2 (September 7, 2020): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/best.vol2.no2.3468.
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The development in this era is increasing, humans expect a tool or technology that can help human work, because now technology has become a human need. Therefore, a device that can do watering the wine is made automatically. This tool aims to replace manual work to be automatic. The benefits that can be obtained from this tool is that it can facilitate human work in watering grapes. This tool uses a soil moisture sensor which functions as a soil moisture detector and sends commands to Arduino uno to turn on the relay driver so that the pump can flush water according to soil needs automatically. The making of this final project is done by designing, creating and implementing system components including Arduino uno as a controller, relay drivers for turning on and off the water pump, LCD (Liquid Cristal Display) to display soil moisture values. The results of the research prove that the tool made can function properly and can be developed as expected. The tool can water the vine when the soil humidity is below 50%, and turn off the pump when the soil moisture is above 50%.
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Kunii, Eisuke, Takeshi Matsuura, Shinichi Fukushige, and Yasushi Umeda. "Proposal of Consistency Management Method Between Product and its Life Cycle for Supporting Life Cycle Design." International Journal of Automation Technology 6, no. 3 (May 5, 2012): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2012.p0272.
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In order to increase value and reduce environmental loads and resource consumption over the entire product life cycle, a designer should design a product life cycle as well as a product in an integrated manner. In order to support such integrated life cycle design, we are currently developing Life Cycle CAD (LC-CAD) system. Indispensable requirements for LC-CAD system include the following three points: (1) Representing a product and its life cycle in an integrated manner, (2) Managing the consistency of the relationship between a product and its life cycle, and (3) Life cycle evaluation by using the information of a product and its life cycle. This paper focuses on the function (1) and (2), and proposes a method of consistency management between a product and its life cycle. For this purpose, this paper proposes a method for representing a product and its life cycle with defining the relationship between these two models. Then, this paper proposes a management scheme for the consistency of the relationship. We developed a prototype systemand applied it to design of Liquid Cristal Display (LCD) TV as a case study. The result indicates that the relationship between a product and its life cycle is successfully represented and managed, and that a designer can design them in an integrated manner.
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Tarigan, Jonshon, and Minsyahril Bukit. "RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN SECARA MANDIRI BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA 8535." Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya 3, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/fisa.v3i2.615.
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Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari perancangan piranti yang dapat melakukan penyiraman secara mandiri. Untuk mempermudah kegiatan itu, maka kita perlu merancang sebuah sistem perangkat yang dapat melakukan penyiraman tanaman cabai secara mandiri. Alat ini bertujuan untuk menggantikan pekerjaan manual menjadi otomatis. Manfaat yang didapat dari alat ini adalah dapat mempermudah pekerjaan manusia dalam menyiram tanaman cabai secara mandiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan merancang, membuat dan mengimplementasikan komponen-komponen sistem yang meliputi mikrokontroller sebagai pengendali, driver relay untuk memghiupkan dan mematikan pompa Air, dan LCD (linquit Cristal Display) untuk menampilkan nilai kelembaban tanah. Proses pengambilan data di dalam sebuah ruangan dengan menampilkan dalam LCD nilai kelembaban 1 % maka dynamo ON. Nilai tersebut diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran menggunakan alat kelembaban tanah. Sedangkan dari hasil pengukuran menggunakan sensor kelembaban yl 69 yang dilakukan pada tanaman cabai diperoleh nilai kelembaban pada tanaman cabai 45 % - 65%. Dapat dilihat bahwa hasil menunjukkan sesuai dengan nilai kelembaban cabai yang diperbolehkan, sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa rancangan sistem ini berjalan dengan baik.
Kata Kunci: Kelembaban tanah, Penyiraman mandiri, Sensor Kelembaban,
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the design of devices that can-do watering independently. To facilitate this activity, we need to design a system of devices that can water the chili plants independently. This tool aims to replace manual work to be automatic. The benefits obtained from this tool are to facilitate human work in watering chili plants independently. This research was carried out by designing, creating and implementing system components including the microcontroller as a controller, relay driver to blow and turn off the water pump, and LCD (liquid Cristal Display) to display the value of soil moisture. The process of retrieving data in a room by displaying it in LCD with a humidity value of 1%, then the dynamo is ON. This value is obtained from the measurement results using soil moisture tools. Whereas from the measurement results using the humidity sensor yl 69 which was carried out on chilli plants obtained the value of humidity in chili plants 45% - 65%. It can be seen that the results show in accordance with the moisture value of chilli that is allowed, so it can be concluded that the design of the system is running well.
Keyword: Soil moisture, independent watering, humidity sensor.
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Tarigan, Jonshon, and Minsyahril Bukit. "RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN SECARA MANDIRI BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA 8535." Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya 3, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/fisa.v3i3.615.
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Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari perancangan piranti yang dapat melakukan penyiraman secara mandiri. Untuk mempermudah kegiatan itu, maka kita perlu merancang sebuah sistem perangkat yang dapat melakukan penyiraman tanaman cabai secara mandiri. Alat ini bertujuan untuk menggantikan pekerjaan manual menjadi otomatis. Manfaat yang didapat dari alat ini adalah dapat mempermudah pekerjaan manusia dalam menyiram tanaman cabai secara mandiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan merancang, membuat dan mengimplementasikan komponen-komponen sistem yang meliputi mikrokontroller sebagai pengendali, driver relay untuk memghiupkan dan mematikan pompa Air, dan LCD (linquit Cristal Display) untuk menampilkan nilai kelembaban tanah. Proses pengambilan data di dalam sebuah ruangan dengan menampilkan dalam LCD nilai kelembaban 1 % maka dynamo ON. Nilai tersebut diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran menggunakan alat kelembaban tanah. Sedangkan dari hasil pengukuran menggunakan sensor kelembaban yl 69 yang dilakukan pada tanaman cabai diperoleh nilai kelembaban pada tanaman cabai 45 % - 65%. Dapat dilihat bahwa hasil menunjukkan sesuai dengan nilai kelembaban cabai yang diperbolehkan, sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa rancangan sistem ini berjalan dengan baik.
Kata Kunci: Kelembaban tanah, Penyiraman mandiri, Sensor Kelembaban,
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the design of devices that can-do watering independently. To facilitate this activity, we need to design a system of devices that can water the chili plants independently. This tool aims to replace manual work to be automatic. The benefits obtained from this tool are to facilitate human work in watering chili plants independently. This research was carried out by designing, creating and implementing system components including the microcontroller as a controller, relay driver to blow and turn off the water pump, and LCD (liquid Cristal Display) to display the value of soil moisture. The process of retrieving data in a room by displaying it in LCD with a humidity value of 1%, then the dynamo is ON. This value is obtained from the measurement results using soil moisture tools. Whereas from the measurement results using the humidity sensor yl 69 which was carried out on chilli plants obtained the value of humidity in chili plants 45% - 65%. It can be seen that the results show in accordance with the moisture value of chilli that is allowed, so it can be concluded that the design of the system is running well.
Keyword: Soil moisture, independent watering, humidity sensor.
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Ivana, Čabarkapa, Škrinjar Marija, Lević Jovanka, Kokić Bojana, Blagojev Nevena, Milanov Dubravka, and Suvajdžić Ljiljana. "Biofilm Forming Ability Of Salmonella Enteritidis In Vitro." Acta Veterinaria 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acve-2015-0031.
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AbstractSalmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis is an important alimentary pathogen that recently gained special attention due to the ability of a large number of strains to form biofilms. Qualitative testing of biofilm forming ability was performed by observing the morphotype of the colonies on Congo Red agar and by conducting the pellicle test, while quantitative testing was carried out by Cristal violet assay on microtiter plates. A total of 14 isolates of S. Enteritidis were tested for biofilm forming ability, while Salmonella Enteritidis ATTC 13076 was used as the reference strain. Based on the morphotype of colonies cultivated on Congo Red agar at 25°C incubation temperature, among tested isolates three morphotypes were detected – red, dry and rough (rdar), brown, dry and rough (bdar) and smooth and white (saw). Half of the tested isolates demonstrated rdar morphotype. All isolates that showed a specific morphotype at this incubation temperature also formed the corresponding type of pellicle at the air-liquid interface. Additionally, comparing OD (optical density) values obtained by crystal violet test between groups of isolates that represent one of the three detected morphotypes (rdar, bdar and saw), statistically significant differences were detected. Based on OD values obtained by crystal violet test at both applied incubation temperatures, isolates were classified into three categories, regarding their ability to form biofilms: strong, moderate and weak biofilm producers. By comparing the amounts of the biofilms formed after 48h at 25°C and 37°C, statistically significant differences were noted (P<0.05). In this research we presented micrographs and a reconstruction of three-dimensional projections of biofilm developing phases of rdar morphotype isolates, which were obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
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Wajda, Wojciech, and Henryk Paul. "Near Grain Boundary Behavior of Aluminum Bicrystals Deformed in Plane Strain Conditions." Solid State Phenomena 186 (March 2012): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.186.108.
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The paper describes the mechanism of deformation at 77 K of pure aluminum bicrystals of different grain orientations. The following orientations were selected: {100}/{110} (cube/Goss) and - {100}/{100} (cube/shear) to represent the unstable vs. stable and the unstable vs. unstable behaviours, respectively. The bicrystalline samples were deformed in the plane strain conditions with the use of a channel-die immersed inside a reservoir with liquid nitrogen. The low temperature deformation increases the tendency to form plain strain inhomogeneities of the deformation in the grains with an unstable orientation. In both sets of crystallite compositions, the grain boundary was situated perpendicularly to the compression plane. A particular interest was paid to the analysis of the tendencies of the crystal lattice rotations near the grain boundary and the description of the deformation behaviour of the material in the macro- scale (hardening behaviour). A detailed analysis of the crystal lattice rotations was possible with the application of the local orientation measurements by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopes, equipped with the electron backscattered diffraction and convergent beam electron diffraction facility, respectively. The experimental results of the local orientation measurements were used to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical prediction of the macro-scale behaviour of bi-crystalline samples by a single Cristal Plasticity Model. The investigation shows that the crystallites behave essentially as single crystals in the same deformation conditions. Due to the similar hardening behaviour of the investigated crystallites (similar values of the Taylor factors) the grain boundary remains unchanged. The calculated lattice rotations are similar to those observed experimentally. Key words: aluminium bi-crystals, texture, microstructure, single crystal plasticity model
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Gerardin, S., H. Combeau, and G. Lesoult. "Étude de l'effet du mouvement relatif cristal/liquide sur la croissance d'un cristal dendritique dans un liquide en surfusion." Le Journal de Physique IV 11, PR6 (October 2001): Pr6–143—Pr6–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2001617.
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Iacono, E., B. Merlo, M. Regazzini, and D. Zambelli. "66 DEVELOPMENT OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED CAT EMBRYOS AFTER VITRIFICATION AND NONSURGICAL EMBRYO TRANSFER: PRELIMINARY RESULTS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab66.
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There are no refereed reports on vitrification of domestic cat embryos derived from in vitro-matured oocytes and transferred using a nonsurgical embryo transfer technique. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of vitrification on the in vitro and in vivo developmental ability of in vitro-produced (IVP) cat blastocysts. Oocytes recovered from minced ovaries were matured, fertilized, and cultured in vitro as previously reported (Merlo B et al. 2005 Theriogenology 63, 2032–2039). On Day 7 of in vitro culture (IVC), blastocysts were selected and vitrified in straws (Cristal ET 0.25 mL, 133 mm, IMV-Technologies, Paillette Crista, France). For vitrification (modified from Campos-Chillòn LF et al. 2006 Theriogenology 65, 1200–1214), the embryos were transferred in 1 mL of V1 [ethylene glycol 3.5 m in HEPES synthetic oviductal fluid (HSOF)] for 3 min, and then in 10 μL of V2 (ethylene glycol 7 m, galactose 0.5 m, Ficoll 70 18% in HSOF) for 20 s. Finally, the embryos were loaded in straws preloaded with 190 μL of dilution solution (galactose 0.5 m in HSOF). Straws were heat sealed and immediately plunged into liquid nitrogen. Vitrified embryos were warmed in air for 10 s, and then in a waterbath at 37°C for 30 s. For developmental ability and in vitro evaluation, 27 embryos were warmed and immediately examined: 25 re-expanded, 2 did not re-expand, and 1 had damaged zona pellucida. Re-expanded embryos were cultured in SOF plus amino acids, 16 mg mL–1 BSA, and 5% fetal bovine serum at 38.5°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, 90% N2. After 24 h of IVC, only 4 blastocysts were expanded, and after 48 h, embryos were clearly degenerated or shrunk. in vivo developmental ability was tested by nonsurgical embryo transfer of 8 vitrified-warmed embryos and 6 IVP fresh embryos into 2 natural estrus queens, injected with 200 IU of hCG i.m. (Day 0) for induction of ovulation. Ovulation was confirmed by plasmatic progesterone assay on Day 5. Nonsurgical embryo transfer was made on Day 8 using the catheter proposed by Zambelli et al. 2001 for transcervical insemination in the cat. The catheter was connected to a 1-mL syringe and loaded with the embryos. Then, it was inserted in the vagina and transrectally guided into the uterus, where the embryos were deposited. To assess pregnancy status, abdominal ultrasonography was done on recipients on Day 13, 25, and 40. On Day 13, an embryonic vesicle was observed in both queens, although a smaller diameter than expected was detected in the recipient of the vitrified embryos. On Day 25, a viable embryo was detected only in the recipient of fresh IVP embryos. On Day 40, the gestational chamber was still present but no sign of a viable embryo was detected. Further studies are in progress to improve the nominal incidence of pregnancy and frequency of embryo survival after vitrification. Nevertheless, the preliminary results obtained using an AI catheter for nonsurgical embryo transfer are encouraging, and the improvement of the technique could make it reliable in the cat. Supported by Animal Stem Cells Laboratory, Regione Emilia Romagna, PRRIITT Project Number M-404AIWTSV.
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Inoue, Aya, Shinjiro Ogita, Shinpei Tsuchiya, Reiko Minagawa, and Hamako Sasamoto. "A Protocol for Axenic Liquid Cell Cultures of a Woody Leguminous Mangrove, Caesalpinia crista, and their Amino Acids Profiling." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 5 (May 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000514.
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Callus induction, maintenance and protoplast cultures were achieved from immature seeds of a woody leguminous mangrove, Caesalpinia crista. Axenic cultures were possible during 1.5 months of pod storage in 0.1% benzalkonium chloride solution. Callus induction was achieved using 1 mL liquid medium in a 10 mL flat-bottomed culture tube. Protoplasts were isolated using Cellulase R10, Hemicellulase, and Driselase 20 in 0.6 M mannitol solution and sub-culturable calluses were obtained in 50 μL liquid medium using a 96-microplate method. The optimal hormonal concentration was 10 μM each of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzyladenine in liquid Murashige and Skoog's basal medium for both callus induction and maintenance, and protoplast cultures. Similarities and differences in amino acid profiles and culture conditions are discussed among woody mangrove species and non-mangrove leguminous species. Caesalpinia crista cultures were unique as they secreted a large amount of amino acids, including proline, into the liquid culture medium.
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Szwaj, C., and E. Louvergneaux. "Instabilités spatiotemporelles dans un cristal liquide soumis à une contre-réaction optique." Le Journal de Physique IV 10, PR8 (May 2000): Pr8–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2000865.
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Podoleanu, Adrian Gh, Ion M. Popescu, Mihaela A. Dumitru, and Carmina L. Plosceanu. "Dispositif bistable à laser He-Ne à cristal liquide dans la cavité couplée." Optics Communications 54, no. 6 (July 1985): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(85)90370-0.
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Cambon, Pierre, Jean-Louis de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye, and Michael Killinger. "Modulateurs spatiaux bistables à cristal liquide et à adressage optique pour le calcul optique." Journal de Physique III 1, no. 1 (January 1991): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp3:1991107.
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Buffeteau, T., B. Desbat, J. Devaure, A. Salimi, and JM Turlet. "Spectroscopie PM-IRRAS d'un cristal liquide de 9CB déposé en couches minces sur un substrat métallique." Journal de Chimie Physique 90 (1993): 1855–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1993901855.
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Buffeteau, T., B. Desbat, J. Devaure, A. Salimi, and JM Turlet. "Spectroscopie PM-IRRAS d'un cristal liquide de 9CB déposé en couches minces sur un substrat métallique." Journal de Chimie Physique 90 (1993): 1871–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1993901871.
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Ramos Chávez, Judith, and Elena A. Cóndor Cuyubamba. "AISLAMIENTO DEL ÁCIDO LECANÓRICO Y ÁCIDO ÚSNICO DEL LIQUEN Umbilicaria calvescens Nyl." Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú 84, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v84i2.141.
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A partir del liquen Umbilicaria calvescens Nyl. se realizó el aislamiento de los compuestos liquénicos mayoritarios: ácido úsnico y ácido lecanórico. El aislamiento de los compuestos liquénicos fue mediante la cromatografía en columna (CC) y cromatografía en capa fina (CCF) de los extractos en acetona y n-hexano del liquen. Cristales amarillos fueron obtenidos del extracto en n-hexano, mientras que un sólido blanco fue obtenido del extracto acetónico. Los cristales obtenidos fueron identificados por sus características físicas y por los espectros UV, IR, EM, 1 H-RMN y 13C-RMN.
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Shagalov, A. G. "Damped and driven sine-Gordon equation as a model for pattern formation in liquid cristals." Physics Letters A 199, no. 3-4 (March 1995): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(95)00063-9.
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Arruda, Luiz Eduardo Vieira de, VLADIMIR BATISTA FIGUEIRÊDO, SÉRGIO LUIZ AGUILAR LEVIEN, and JOSÉ FRANCISMAR DE MEDEIROS. "DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM TENSIÔMETRO DIGITAL COM SISTEMA DE AQUISIÇÃO E ARMAZENAMENTO DE DADOS." IRRIGA 1, no. 1 (October 2, 2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2017v1n1p11-20.
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DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM TENSIÔMETRO DIGITAL COM SISTEMA DE AQUISIÇÃO E ARMAZENAMENTO DE DADOS LUIZ EDUARDO VIEIRA DE ARRUDA1; VLADIMIR BATISTA FIGUEIRÊDO2; SÉRGIO LUIZ AGUILAR LEVIEN3 E JOSÉ FRANCISMAR DE MEDEIROS4 1Mestre, Doutorando do Programa de Pós Graduação em Manejo de Solo e Água (PPGMSA), bolsista da CAPES; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA); Av. Francisco Mota, 572; Bairro Costa e Silva; 59.625-900, Mossoró/RN; e-mail: luizengeaa@hotmail.com2Departamento de Ciências Ambientais e Tecnológicas (DCAT), UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572; Bairro Costa e Silva; 59.625-900, Mossoró, RN; e-mail: vladimir@ufersa.edu.br; sergiolevien@ufersa.edu.br; jfmedeir@ufersa.edu.br 1 RESUMO Para um bom manejo da água na agricultura faz-se necessário a utilização de instrumentos que auxiliem o agricultor na tomada de decisão, indicando quanto e quando se deve aplicar água às culturas. Em face do exposto, notou-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um tensiômetro com sistema de aquisição e armazenamento de dados de forma contínua a baixo custo. O modelo proposto é composto por: cápsula porosa (25 x 11 mm), hastes de acrílico transparente com diâmetros de 12 e 15 mm, tampa de borracha siliconada, mangueira plástica transparente, mangueira de borracha e transdutores de tensão modelo Motorola® MPX 5100AP. Para a construção do sistema de aquisição dos dados foi utilizado uma placa Arduino® modelo MEGA 2560, três capacitores, placa fenolítica, bornes, jumpers, cabo quatro vias, RTC (Real Time Clock) modelo DS1307, display de cristal líquido (16 x 2), módulo de cartão de memória SD card, fonte de computador bivolt para alimentação de todo sistema com tensão de 12 Vcc e caixa plástica para acondicionamento dos circuitos. Como resultado da calibração do transdutor de tensão obteve-se uma equação com R2 igual a 0,9996, apresentando ótimo ajuste de acordo com o valor obtido. Palavras-chave: Arduino, transdutor de tensão, tensão de água no solo ARRUDA, L. E. V.; FIGUEIRÊDO, V. B.; LEVIEN, S. L. A.; MEDEIROS, J. F.DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL SOIL TENSIOMETER WITH A SYSTEM FOR INPUTTING AND STORING DATA 2 ABSTRACT In order to have a good water management in agricultural processes, it is necessary to use instruments that will assist the farmer in the decision-making processes, indicating how much and when to apply water to the crops. Considering the aforementioned, it was noted the demand of development of a tensiometer in conjunction with a data storage and input system, inputting and storing data continuously and at low cost. The proposed model consists of a porous capsule (25 x 11 mm), clear acrylic tube with diameters of 12 and 15 mm, a silicone rubber cap, a clear plastic hose, a rubber hose and voltage transducers Motorola® MPX5100AP model. In order to create the data system used an Arduino® platform model MEGA 2560, three capacitors, a phenolic sheet, terminals, jumpers, a four-way cable, a Real Time Clock (RTC) model DS1307, a liquid crystal display (16 x 2), a Micro SD memory card module, a dual voltage computer to supply power to the whole system using 12 Vcc voltage and plastic housing to store the circuit. The voltage transducer calibration resulted in an equation meaning that R2 is equal to 0.9996, thus presenting an optimal adjustment according to the obtained value. Keywords: Arduino, voltage transducer, soil water tension
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Njeugna, E., J. L. Eichhorn, C. Kopp, and P. Harlicot. "Mechanics of the Cupula: Effects of Its Thickness." Journal of Vestibular Research 2, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1992-2305.
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Mechanical aspects of the ampullar diaphragm, that is the crista ampullaris and the cupula, related to its thickness, are studied by a numerical method. Numerical methods are able to go beyond the limits of analytical approaches and are the only methods able to take into account this thickness. A finite elements method is applied to the median plane slice of the ampullar diaphragm. One assumes that the cupula sticks firmly without slipping, to the ampullar wall and to the crista ampullaris. The computation takes into account the pressures on the liquid interfaces and the deformations of the ampulla. So the volume swept over by the cupula during quasi-static deformations can be evaluated and the global elasticity coefficient of the human cupula can be calculated. The related value of the long time constant of the semicircular canal is close to the value obtained when measuring, in vivo, the activity on the vestibular nerve in animals. The thick cupula model clearly shows two different spatial distributions of strain on the hairs of the sensory cells, leading to a discrimination between the vestibular inflating pressure and the transcupular pressure difference. This result matches recent neurophysiological data and brings a new insight in the mechanics of the vestibular angular accelerometer and its regulation.
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Payan, S., H. T. Nguyen, C. Destrade, and B. Desbat. "Étude par spectroscopie IR-TF de la dynamique de réorientation d'un cristal liquide ferroélectrique le 10.S.ClIsoleu-D." Journal de Chimie Physique et de Physico-Chimie Biologique 95, no. 7 (July 1998): 1606–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp:1998331.
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Oemer, Gregor, Katharina Lackner, Katharina Muigg, Gerhard Krumschnabel, Katrin Watschinger, Sabrina Sailer, Herbert Lindner, et al. "Molecular structural diversity of mitochondrial cardiolipins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 16 (April 4, 2018): 4158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719407115.
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Current strategies used to quantitatively describe the biological diversity of lipids by mass spectrometry are often limited in assessing the exact structural variability of individual molecular species in detail. A major challenge is represented by the extensive isobaric overlap present among lipids, hampering their accurate identification. This is especially true for cardiolipins, a mitochondria-specific class of phospholipids, which are functionally involved in many cellular functions, including energy metabolism, cristae structure, and apoptosis. Substituted with four fatty acyl side chains, cardiolipins offer a particularly high potential to achieve complex mixtures of molecular species. Here, we demonstrate how systematically generated high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectral data can be utilized in a mathematical structural modeling approach, to comprehensively analyze and characterize the molecular diversity of mitochondrial cardiolipin compositions in cell culture and disease models, cardiolipin modulation experiments, and a broad variety of frequently studied model organisms.
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Sufri, Saiful, and Aswardi Aswardi. "Alat Pendeteksi Detak Jantung dan Kesehatan Berbasis Arduino." JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia 1, no. 2 (October 8, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jtein.v1i2.31.
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The heart is a human organ that pumps blood. The heart contracts, where one contraction cycle is usually called a heartbeat. Calculation of heart rate is often done manually by counting the pulse on the wrist for one minute. This method is considered inaccurate because it only relies on the human sense of touch. By making it easier to calculate the heart rate with the Electrocardiograph (ECG) device only but this tool is used in hospitals and cannot be moved. With a sensor that makes daily activities easier. For example, a pulse sensor that is easily available is a pulse sensor that can be used to detect the human heartbeat. With the heart rate device that can be moved using a pulse sensor. Where in the tool that in this final project detects the heart rate will be displayed on the Liquid Crisytal Display (LCD) where the detection results displayed are the results of the detection of human heartbeats accompanied by diseases that may be experienced from heart rate abnormalities.
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Lystvan, K. V. "Study of influence of ascorbic acid, reducing sugars and methyldopa on betalains content in Celosia cristata callus." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 25 (August 30, 2019): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v25.1175.
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Aim. The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of reducing sugars, ascorbic acid and methyl DOPA as one of the DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors on total amount and spectrum of betalains in the callus culture of cockscomb Celosia cristata L. (Amaranthaceae). Methods. Tissue culture methods, analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrophotometry. Results. Adding of some reducing sugars (1 % of glucose, arabinose or rhamnose) to the media does not increase the total betalains content. Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 5 mM also does not significantly affect the amount of betalains, but considerably inhibit the callus growth. Moreover, ascorbic acid causes significant decreasing of the dopamine content and the normalized concentration of the main betacyanin pigment of the callus – amaranthin. Investigations have begun to study the effects of DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitors on the content of betalains and dopamine. Increased level of betalains in the callus in the presence of all used concentrations of methylDOPA was aobserved. The necessity of use of ascorbic acid or another stabilizer of methylDOPA in order to prevent oxidation of this inhibitor has been established. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that methylDOPA as well as, probably, other inhibitors of DOPA decarboxylase can influence on betalains level in callus culture, so their use may be a potential strategy for these pigments content increasing.
Keywords: Celosia cristata L. betalains, dopamine, callus culture.
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Koussinsa, F., F. Bertin, and J. Bouix. "Etude par Microscopie Raman de la Couche Liquide Situee au Contact d'un Cristal de NaNO3 en Cours de Dissolution dans sa Solution Mère." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 20, no. 4 (April 1989): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250200406.
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Mellier, A., and J. Kanza. "Étude par spectrométrie infrarouge de la transition de phase gel-cristal liquide de multilamelles de phosphatidyléthanolamines/eau. Détermination de l’unité de coopérativité et des énergies d’activation." Journal de Chimie Physique 91 (1994): 1507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1994911507.
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Koussinsa, F., F. Bertin, and J. Bouix. "Etude par Microscopie Raman de la Couche Liquide Située au Contact d'un Cristal en Cours de Dissolution dans sa Solution Mère: Systèmes LiNO3H2O et KNO3H2O." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 20, no. 11 (November 1989): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250201102.
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Hammond, Michael J., Anna Nenarokova, Anzhelika Butenko, Martin Zoltner, Eva Lacová Dobáková, Mark C. Field, and Julius Lukeš. "A Uniquely Complex Mitochondrial Proteome from Euglena gracilis." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 8 (April 5, 2020): 2173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa061.
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Abstract Euglena gracilis is a metabolically flexible, photosynthetic, and adaptable free-living protist of considerable environmental importance and biotechnological value. By label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, a total of 1,786 proteins were identified from the E. gracilis purified mitochondria, representing one of the largest mitochondrial proteomes so far described. Despite this apparent complexity, protein machinery responsible for the extensive RNA editing, splicing, and processing in the sister clades diplonemids and kinetoplastids is absent. This strongly suggests that the complex mechanisms of mitochondrial gene expression in diplonemids and kinetoplastids occurred late in euglenozoan evolution, arising independently. By contrast, the alternative oxidase pathway and numerous ribosomal subunits presumed to be specific for parasitic trypanosomes are present in E. gracilis. We investigated the evolution of unexplored protein families, including import complexes, cristae formation proteins, and translation termination factors, as well as canonical and unique metabolic pathways. We additionally compare this mitoproteome with the transcriptome of Eutreptiella gymnastica, illuminating conserved features of Euglenida mitochondria as well as those exclusive to E. gracilis. This is the first mitochondrial proteome of a free-living protist from the Excavata and one of few available for protists as a whole. This study alters our views of the evolution of the mitochondrion and indicates early emergence of complexity within euglenozoan mitochondria, independent of parasitism.
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Prevec, Stephen A. "Igneous Rock Associations 23. The Bushveld Complex, South Africa: New Insights and Paradigms." Geoscience Canada 45, no. 3-4 (January 28, 2019): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2018.45.138.
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SUMMARYThe Bushveld Complex has continued to serve as the basis for study into the fundamental nature of petrological processes for layered intrusion formation and for oxide and sulphide hosted Platinum Group Element (PGE)–Cu–Ni ore deposits. These studies have included discoveries in terms of the physical extent of Bushveld magmatism, both laterally and internally. Lateral variations in the mafic to ultramafic Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Northern Lobe of the complex have also revealed petrologically distinctive Upper Critical Zone equivalent rocks (the so-called Flatreef) with enhanced contamination and mineralization traits that reflect a transition between Eastern and Western Lobe equivalent stratigraphy and Platreef-style complexity. Traditional magma mixing models have been re-examined in light of radiogenic isotopic evidence for crustal involvement early in the chromite precipitation or formation process, combined with evidence for associated heterogeneous fluid contents, cryptic layering profiles, and textural evidence. A wide variety of alternative ore-genesis models have been proposed as a consequence. The fundamental mechanics of magma chamber processes and the existence of the magma chamber as an entity have been called into question through various lines of evidence which have promoted the concept of progressive emplacement of the complex as a stack of not-necessarily-quite-sequentially intruded sills (with or without significant quantities of transported phenocrysts), emplaced into variably crystallized and compacted crystal-liquid mush mixtures, modified by compaction-driven late magmatic fluid (silicate and aqueous) activity. Alternatively, petrological and geochemical observations have been used to discount these interpretations in favour of more conventional cooling and gravity-driven accumulation of silicate and ore minerals in a large, liquid-dominated system.RÉSUMÉLe complexe de Bushveld a demeuré à la base d’études sur la nature fondamentale des processus pétrologiques de formation d’intrusions litées et des gîtes des éléments du groupe platine (ÉGP)-Cu-Ni hébergés dans les oxydes et les sulfures. Ces études ont comporté des découvertes sur l’étendue physique, à la fois latérale et interne, du magmatisme de Bushveld. Les variations latérales de la suite stratifiée et mafique à ultramafique Rustenburg du lobe nord du complexe ont également révélé des roches équivalentes pétrologiquement distinctes de la zone critique supérieure (le communément désigné Flatreef) avec des traits de contamination et de minéralisation accrus qui reflètent une transition entre la stratigraphie équivalente des lobes est et ouest et la complexité de type Platreef. Les modèles traditionnels de mélanges magmatiques ont été réexaminés à la lumière de preuves isotopiques radiogéniques indiquant une implication de la croûte au début du processus de précipitation ou de formation de la chromite, combinées à des preuves de contenu fluide hétérogène associé, de profils de litage cryptique et de preuves texturales. Ainsi, une grande variété de modèles alternatifs de genèse de minerai a été proposée. La mécanique fondamentale des processus de la chambre magmatique et l'existence de la chambre magmatique en tant qu'entité ont été remises en question au moyen de divers éléments de preuve qui ont mis en avant le concept de mise en place progressive du complexe sous forme d'un empilement non-nécessairement séquentiel de sills injectés (avec ou sans quantités significatives de phénocristaux transportés) mis en place dans des mélanges de bouillie cristaux/liquide à cristallisation et compaction variable, modifiés par une activité tardive de fluide magmatique (silicaté et aqueux) induite par la compaction. Alternativement, des observations pétrologiques et géochimiques ont été utilisées pour écarter ces interprétations en faveur d'un processus plus conventionnel de refroidissement et d’accumulation de minérais silicatés et minéralisés induite par la gravité dans un vaste système à dominance liquide.
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Castro Mandujano, Nino, Frank Peralta Hilario, Juana Chávez Flores, and Julio Santiago Contreras. "Estudio fotoquímico del Liquen everniopsis trulla y la determinación de la actividad antioxidante." APORTE SANTIAGUINO 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.32911/as.2017.v10.n1.189.
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<p>En esta investigación se ha realizado el estudio fitoquímico del liquen Everniopsis trulla. Se realizó la extracción a 400 g de muestra seca y molida con etanol, luego, se fraccionó y purificó aplicando los métodos de cromatografía en columna, solubilidad y recristalización, empleando diferentes solventes; finalmente se obtuvo unos cristales amarillos (sólido A, ácido úsnico) de punto de fusión de 203°C, el cual se elucidó su estructura en base a los datos espectroscópicos (UV-Visible, IR, RMN-H1, RMN-C13 y espectrometría de masas). Además, se realizó determinación de metales, y determinaciones de las actividades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes del compuesto aislado. Finalmente se determinó el efecto antiinflamatorio del ácido úsnico, se determinó por el modelo in vitro de edema inducido por xilol en la oreja derecha del ratón, la crema 0,5% elaborada a partir del sólido A y del extracto etanólico; los cuales mostraron 37,72% 19,54% de inhibición en la oreja derecha del ratón. También se realizó el análisis de fenoles totales por el método de DPPH el extracto del liquen, el cual dio 206 mg de ácido gálico por gramo de extracto. Además se logró determinar la actividad antioxidante en el extracto del liquen con mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos, mediante el empleo del reactivo DPPH. Se obtuvo un valor de CI50 a una concentración de 100 mg/mL.</p>
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Бахметов, Роман Николаевич, Тарас Саркисович Хиабахов, Ольга Николаевна Шелудько, and Ольга Алексеевна Чурсина. "Optimization of the technology for producing wine and grape distillates by complete processing of grape raw materials using the example of ‘Cristall’ grape variety." Magarach Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie, no. 3(113) (September 21, 2020): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35547/im.2020.22.3.019.
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В рамках программы импортозамещения и развития виноградарско-винодельческой отрасли с глубокой переработкой сырья для восстановления ассортимента конкурентоспособных ликерных вин является актуальной организация производства винных и виноградных спиртов из разного виноградного сырья на базе действующих заводов первичного виноделия, в том числе и из вторичных продуктов виноделия. Целью исследований было провести предварительную оценку возможности получения винного и виноградного спиртов с объемной долей этилового спирта не менее 91 % путём глубокой переработки винограда сорта Кристалл с применением процесса ректификации. Объектами исследований являлись виноград сорта Кристалл урожая 2018 г., приготовленные из него столовый сухой белый виноматериал, виноградные выжимки, винный и виноградный спирты. Брожение виноградного сусла и сладкой виноградной выжимки проводили без применения ферментных препаратов и диоксида серы на чистой культуре винных дрожжей Saccharomyces vini . Предложено проводить прессование сбродившей виноградной выжимки на пневматическом прессе с отделением и последующей перегонкой жидкой фракции для первой дистилляции. На установке ЛУММАРК отработана методика полной перегонки виноматериалов до ректификата. Установлено, что качество получаемого спирта напрямую зависит от объемной доли этилового спирта. С уменьшением объемной доли этилового спирта получаемых спиртов растет количество нежелательных летучих компонентов, снижаются органолептические характеристики готового продукта. Показано, что предложенный процесс перегонки, включающий получение спирта-сырца на дистилляторе DV-3 и спирта - на малой ректификационной установке РУМ-3 позволяет получить винный или виноградный с объемной долей этилового спирта 94,5-94,6 % при выходе 85-86 %. In Russia, within the framework of the import substitution and development of the wine industry with deep processing of raw materials to restore the range of competitive liqueur wines, it is timely to organize the production of wine and grape distillates from various grape raw materials, including those from winemaking secondary products, based on existing primary wineries. The aim of the study was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the possibility of obtaining wine and grape distillates with a strength of at least 91% by deep processing of ‘Cristall’ grapes using a rectification process. The objects of research were ‘Cristall’ grape variety of the 2018 harvest, dry white base wine prepared from it, grape marc, wine and grape distillates. Fermentation of grape must and sweet grape marc was carried out without the use of enzyme preparations and sulfur dioxide on a pure culture of Saccharomyces vini wine yeast. It is proposed to press fermented grape marc on a pneumatic press with separation and subsequent distillation of the liquid fraction for the first distillation. A technique for the complete distillation of base wines into rectified material was developed using LUMМARK processing unit. It has been established that the quality of the distillate obtained directly depends on the volume ratio of ethyl alcohol. With a decrease in the volume ratio of ethyl alcohol of the obtained distillates, the amount of undesirable volatile components increases, and the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product decrease. It is shown that the proposed distillation process, which includes two stages: obtaining crude alcohol using a DV-3 distiller and alcohol using a small distillation unit RUM-3, allows to obtain wine or grape distillate with volume ratio of ethyl alcohol of 94.5-94.6 % at the exit of 85-86%.
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Alvaro Garcia Guerra, A., and G. M. Brogliatti. "84 COMPUTER-ASSISTED SPERM ANALYSIS OF FROZEN SPERM MOTILITY AFTER REPEATED EXPOSURES TO ROOM TEMPERATURE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab84.
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The key factorin long-term cryopreservation is the very low temperature of liquid nitrogen. Several studies suggest temperatures should be maintained at -130°C or less to avoid cell damage. Damage due to initial exposure may not be overt; however, after repeated exposures a reduction in postthaw viability may become evident (Barth A 1991 Proc. 10th Annu. Conv. Am. ET Assoc, 20-26). The CASA system provides an opportunity to assess multiple motility characteristics on a semen sample objectively and with high repeatability. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect that repeated exposure of frozen semen in 0.5-mL straws during 15 s to room temperature produces on motility characteristics assessed by CASA system. Groups were formed according to the number of exposures per straw; groups were as follows: 0, 3, 5, and 10 times of exposure during 15 s. Thirty-two ejaculates from different bulls (15 Angus, 3 Hereford, 8 Brangus, 3 others) were diluted using a chemically semi-defined media (Andromed, Minitub, Germany) and frozen in an automatic freezer (Digicool, IMV, Paillette Crista, France). Four frozen straws per bull were used, one for each group. Straws were exposed to a room temperature (15°C ± 1.28) and then placed back into liquid nitrogen. Semen thawing was conduced in a water bath at 37°C during 1 min. Motility characteristics were evaluated by the IVOS Sperm Analyzer (Hamilton Thorne Research). Two chambers of 20 μm depth and 5 fields per chamber were analyzed (30 frames/0.5 s for each field). Seven motility parameters were evaluated: % of motile sperm; % of progressive sperm; VAP (path velocity, μms-1); VCL (track speed, μm/s); ALH (lateral amplitude, μm); BCF (beat frequency, Hz); and LIN (linearity, %). The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare variables among groups, and results are shown in Table 1. The average temperature inside the straw after 15 s of exposure was of -122.6°C. No difference (P > 0.05) was found among the groups for any of the 7 motility parameters. In conclusion, sperm motility seems not to be affected if straws are exposed up to 10 times during 15 s to room temperature. More research should be done to test higher room temperatures and pregnancy rates after AI. Table 1.CASA parameters of frozen sperm after different numbers of exposures at 15°C
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Lenaz, Giorgio, Bruno Samori, Romana Fato, Maurizio Battino, Giovanna Parenti Castelli, and Ida Domini. "Localization and preferred orientations of ubiquinone homologs in model bilayers." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 70, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o92-078.
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The localization of ubiquinone has been investigated in phospholipid bilayer vesicles in studies of fluorescence quenching of membrane-bound probes by ubiquinone homologs (Qn, where n is the number of the isoprenoid units of the chain). Fluorescence-quenching data obtained by using a set of anthroylstearate probes, having the fluorophore located at different depths, revealed that ubiquinone-3 is located throughout the whole bilayer thickness. From the bimolecular quenching constants in the membrane, lateral diffusion coefficients in two dimensions were calculated to span values of 10−7–10−6 cm2∙s−1. This suggests that ubiquinones laterally diffuse in a very fluid environment. On this basis, it is proposed that their translational diffusion in the bilayer takes place in two dimensions, with the quinone ring oscillating between the two bilayer surfaces within a hydrophobic environment not extending beyond the glycerol region. This model implies that the quinonic head is both settled near the polar surface of the bilayer and buried into the host hydrocarbon interior. This two-site distribution was confirmed for all Qn, except Q0, by their linear dichroism spectra in the bilayers provided by disc-like lyotropic nematic liquid crystals. These spectra also provided detailed information on the preferential orientations of the quinonic head of the different derivatives within the two sites. The mechanism by which the localization and orientation of Qn guest molecules inside the host bilayer is modulated by the isoprenoid chain length is discussed on a thermodynamical basis. Being that Qn is expected to be also widely contained in the highly curved cristae of the mitochondrial inner membrane, by using rod-like lyotropic nematic liquid crystals we searched out effects of the curvature of the host bilayer on those Qn distributions. The linear dichroism measurements reveal that Qn guest molecules are no longer obliged to find a partition between two different types of localizations when the host bilayer is highly curved. In this case all Qn, even the longest Q10, were found to stay parallel to the amphiphilic chains with a single site localization of the head near the polar interface. By the same linear dichroism technique, the local ordering of all Qn derivatives was also evaluated. The order parameters were found to be basically the same for all derivatives. This result is justified on the basis of the relaxation, caused by the surface curvature, of the lateral compression of the host chains.Key words: coenzyme Q (ubiquinone), fluorescence quenching, lateral diffusion, linear dichroism, model bilayers.
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La Cruz, Nikita L., J. Tomás Ovalle, Adam C. Simon, Brian A. Konecke, Fernando Barra, Martin Reich, Mathieu Leisen, and Tristan M. Childress. "The Geochemistry of Magnetite and Apatite from the El Laco Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposit, Chile: Implications for Ore Genesis." Economic Geology 115, no. 7 (November 1, 2020): 1461–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4753.
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Abstract The textures of outcrop and near-surface exposures of the massive magnetite orebodies (>90 vol % magnetite) at the Plio-Pleistocene El Laco iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit in northern Chile are similar to basaltic lava flows and have compositions that overlap high- and low-temperature hydrothermal magnetite. Existing models—liquid immiscibility and complete metasomatic replacement of andesitic lava flows—attempt to explain the genesis of the orebodies by entirely igneous or entirely hydrothermal processes. Importantly, those models were developed by studying only near-surface and outcrop samples. Here, we present the results of a comprehensive study of samples from outcrop and drill core that require a new model for the evolution of the El Laco ore deposit. Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used to investigate the textural and compositional variability of magnetite and apatite from surface and drill core samples in order to obtain a holistic understanding of textures and compositions laterally and vertically through the orebodies. Magnetite was analyzed from 39 surface samples from five orebodies (Cristales Grandes, Rodados Negros, San Vicente Alto, Laco Norte, and Laco Sur) and 47 drill core samples from three orebodies (Laco Norte, Laco Sur, and Extensión Laco Sur). The geochemistry of apatite from eight surface samples from three orebodies (Cristales Grandes, Rodados Negros, and Laco Sur) was investigated. Minor and trace element compositions of magnetite in these samples are similar to magnetite from igneous rocks and magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Magnetite grains from deeper zones of the orebodies contain >1 wt % titanium, as well as ilmenite oxyexsolution lamellae and interstitial ilmenite. The ilmenite oxyexsolution lamellae, interstitial ilmenite, and igneous-like trace element concentrations in titanomagnetite from the deeper parts of the orebodies are consistent with original crystallization of titanomagnetite from silicate melt or high-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal fluid. The systematic decrease of trace element concentrations in magnetite from intermediate to shallow depths is consistent with progressive growth of magnetite from a cooling magmatic-hydrothermal fluid. Apatite grains from surface outcrops are F rich (typically >3 wt %) and have compositions that overlap igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal apatite. Magnetite and fluorapatite grains contain mineral inclusions (e.g., monazite and thorite) that evince syn- or postmineralization metasomatic alteration. Magnetite grains commonly meet at triple junctions, which preserve evidence for reequilibration of the ore minerals with hydrothermal fluid during or after mineralization. The data presented here are consistent with genesis of the El Laco orebodies via shallow emplacement and eruption of magnetite-bearing magmatic-hydrothermal fluid suspensions that were mobilized by decompression-induced collapse of the volcanic edifice. The ore-forming magnetite-fluid suspension would have rheological properties similar to basaltic lava flows, which explains the textures and presence of cavities and gas escape tubes in surface outcrops.
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Siffert, B., and J. P. Zundel. "Retention du N-Paraoctylbenzenesulfonate de sodium par les argiles en presence d'electrolyte (KCl)." Clay Minerals 20, no. 2 (June 1985): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1985.020.2.04.
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ResumeLe mécanisme de rètention de l'octylbenzènesulfonate de sodium (OBSNa) en milieu aqueux pur sur les argiles correspond essentiellement à une précipitation du sel de calcium (OBS)2Ca. L'adsorption, proprement dite, atteint à peine 2 à 3 µEq/g d'argile. En présence de KCl, la part de l'adsorption devient plus importante à cause de l'augmentation de la solubilité du sulfonate de calcium. L'affinité des monomères du tensio-actif pour l'interface solide-liquide est accrue. On montre que l'adsorption varie avec les propriétés de l'argile, en particulier, avec le nombre et la nature de ses cations échangeables. L'équilibre d'adsorption dépend de l'état d'avancement des réactions d'échange entre les cations échangcables de l'argile, les cations apportés par l'électrolyte (KCl) et le monomère (Na+), et les cations adsorbés sur les micelles. II existe, pour chaque argile, une concentration limite en KCl, d'autant plus grande que la teneur en calcium de l'argile est élevée, et à partir de laquelle le tensio-actif ne précipite plus. La rétention se fait alors uniquement par adsorption. Suivant les conditions de pH, elle a lieu sur les cations échangeables de l'argile et les sites positifs à la périphérie des cristaux (kaolinite) ou seulement sur les cations échangeables (illite et chlorite). Dans les procédés de récupération assistée du pétrole, l'addition de chlorure de potassium au fluide de balayage permettra de réduire la précipitation du tensio actif. Même, si l'adsorption augmente, cet effet est souvent suffisant pour que, globalement, la rétention diminue.
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Garcia Guerra, A., M. P. Etcheverry, D. Rodriguez, G. Larraburu, and G. M. Brogliatti. "76 COMPUTER-ASSISTED SPERM ANALYSIS OF FROZEN SPERM MOTILITY AFTER DIFFERENT TIMES OF EXPOSURE AT 15°C." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab76.
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One of the key factors for successful long-term cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen is maintaining the samples at –130°C or lower at all times to avoid cell damage (Barth 1991 Proc. 10th Ann. Conv. Am. Embr. Transf. Assoc., 20–26). Previous data indicated that exposure of the semen straw to ambient temperature for more than 15 s can raise the temperature above –130°C and reduce sperm motility, as determined by subjective evaluation (Berndtson et al. 1976 Proc. 6th NAAB Tech. Conf. Artif. Insem. Reprod., 51–60). The computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system provides an opportunity to assess multiple motility characteristics on a semen sample objectively and with high repeatability. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of exposing frozen semen in 0.5-mL straws to room temperature for 15, 30, 60, or 120 s on motility characteristics assessed by CASA system. Twenty-eight ejaculates from different bulls (19 Angus, 7 Hereford, 1 Brangus, 1 Shorthorn) were diluted using a chemically semi-defined media (Andromed, Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany) and frozen in an automatic freezer (Digicool, IMV, Paillette Crista, France). Five frozen straws per bull were used, one for each time of exposure and one as control (0 s = 0 time). Straws were exposed to room temperature (15°C ± 0.78) for different times and then placed back into liquid nitrogen. Semen thawing was conducted in a water bath at 37°C for 1 min. Motility characteristics were evaluated by the IVOS SpermAnalyzer (Hamilton Thorne Research, Beverly, MA, USA). Two chambers of 20-μm depth and 5 fields per chamber were analyzed (30 frames/0.5 s for each field). Seven motility parameters were evaluated: motile sperm (%), progressive sperm (%), VAP (path velocity, μm s–1), VCL (track speed, μm s–1), ALH (lateral amplitude, μm), BCF (beat frequency, Hz), and LIN (Linearity, %). The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare variables among groups, and results are shown in Table 1. There is a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the % of motile and progressive sperm when time of exposure was increased. There was a drastic and significant reduction in the percentage of motile and progressive sperm when exposure to 15°C was longer than 30 s. The live cells had similar motile characteristics: VAP, VCL, ALH, BCF, and LIN. In conclusion, sperm motility would be affected if straws are exposed for more than 30 s. More research should be done to test higher room temperatures, detect viability effects, and determine pregnancy rates after AI. Table 1. CASA of frozen sperm motility characteristics at different times of exposure at 15°C This research was supported by Centro Genetico Bovino Eolia S.A.
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Langenegger, Thomas, Andreas Krebs, Thomas Rosemann, Thomas Hügle, and Johannes von Kempis. "Die Gicht und ihr Management in der Praxis." Praxis 109, no. 6 (April 2020): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003461.
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Zusammenfassung. Bei Gicht steht im klinischen Alltag meist die akute Attacke im Vordergrund. Als diagnostischer Goldstandard gilt dabei der Kristallnachweis in der Gelenksflüssigkeit mittels Polarisationsmikroskopie. Auch bildgebende Verfahren wie der hochauflösende Ultraschall sind von Nutzen. Zur Behandlung der akuten Gichtattacke dienen nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika, Steroide und Colchizin (in der Schweiz nicht zugelassen, über Apotheken erhältlich). Ebenso wichtig wie Diagnose und Therapie der akuten Attacke ist aber die langfristige Behandlung der Hyperurikämie, um so weitere Gichtschübe sowie mögliche renale, kardiale oder metabolische Komplikationen zu verhindern. Daher sollte bei bestätigter Gichtdiagnose neben nicht-medikamentösen Massnahmen auch eine harnsäuresenkende Therapie, mit dem Zielwert von <360 µmol/l (<6 mg/dl), erfolgen. Mittel der ersten Wahl stellen dabei Xanthinoxidasehemmer dar. Das Erreichen des Therapieziels ist regelmässig zu überprüfen und die Therapie allenfalls anzupassen. Resolution of an acute attack is usually the prime objective in routine clinical management of gout. Crystal identification in synovial fluid by polarised light microscopy is considered the diagnostic gold standard. Imaging procedures such as high-resolution ultrasonography are also useful. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids and colchicine (not approved in Switzerland, available from pharmacies) are used to treat an acute gout attack. Just as important as the diagnosis and treatment of an acute attack is the long-term management of hyperuricaemia in order to prevent further gout attacks as well as possible renal, cardiac or metabolic complications. Therefore, patients with a confirmed diagnosis of gout should, apart from non-pharmacologic interventions, receive hypouricaemic therapy with a target uric acid level of <360 µmol/l (<6 mg/dl). Drugs of first choice are xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Achievement of the therapeutic objective should be periodically reviewed, adjusting therapy as necessary. Dans la pratique clinique, la crise aiguë figure le plus souvent au premier plan des cas de goutte. Le critère diagnostique de référence reste cependant la détection des cristaux dans le liquide synovial par microscopie à polarisation. Les techniques d’imagerie telles que l’échographie à haute résolution sont également utiles. Les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, les stéroïdes et la colchicine (non agréé en Suisse, mais disponible dans les pharmacies) sont utilisés pour traiter les crises de goutte aiguë. Le traitement au long cours de l’hyperuricémie est néanmoins tout aussi important que le diagnostic et le traitement des crises aiguës, ceci afin de prévenir d’autres crises de goutte et d’éventuelles complications rénales, cardiaques ou métaboliques. Par conséquent, si le diagnostic de goutte est confirmé, il convient d’instaurer, en plus des mesures non médicamenteuses, un traitement hypo-uricémiant avec la valeur cible de <360 µmol/l (<6 mg/dl), les médicaments de premier choix étant ici les inhibiteurs de la xanthine-oxydase. L’atteinte de l’objectif thérapeutique doit être régulièrement vérifiée et le traitement adapté si nécessaire.
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Sandi, Jefferson, Kleber Pereira Lanças, João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos, Maria Marcia Pereira Sartori, and Romulo Leonardo Da Silva. "VIBRAÇÃO MECÂNICA EM UM TRATOR AGRÍCOLA ENSAIADO EM PISTA PADRONIZADA." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 31, no. 3 (December 30, 2016): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2016v31n3p215-222.
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Uma das principais variáveis que afetam o rendimento produtivo dos operadores de tratores agrícolas e que pode causar sérios problemas de saúde é a vibração gerada durante o funcionamento dessa máquina. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a vibração que incide sobre o corpo inteiro do operador através do assento de um trator agrícola mediante ensaio em pista de vibração padronizada. Empregou-se um trator de 92 kW de potência em quatro condições de lastragem: completamente lastrado, empregando somente lastro sólido, somente lastro líquido e completamente sem lastros, em quatro velocidades de deslocamento: 1,19 m s-1; 1,47 m s-1; 1,75 m s-1 e 2,08 m s-1, com pressões de inflação nos rodados traseiros e dianteiros de 137,85 kPa e 165,47 kPa respectivamente. Utilizou-se um acelerômetro de três eixos (eixos x, y e z), fixado sobre o assento do trator para avaliação do efeito da vibração no corpo do operador. A aquisição foi feita com o aparelho HVM – 100 e software BLAZE® 6.1.1, sendo obtidos os parâmetros aceleração média resultante, valor da dose de vibração, fator de crista e projeção de dose para 8 horas de trabalho. Realizou-se a análise de variância e separação de médias para todos os componentes analisados. Todas as análises estatísticas foram feitas com o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade (p<0,05). As menores velocidades de deslocamento do trator resultaram nas melhores condições de conforto, enquanto as maiores velocidades geraram as piores condições de trabalho. A lastragem máxima do trator ocasionou as condições menos prejudiciais ao operador quando combinada com as menores velocidades de deslocamento do trator. Os níveis e tipos de lastragem na velocidade V1 e a lastragem máxima (L1) na velocidade V2 apresentaram valores de dose de vibração abaixo do nível de ação, enquanto os demais tratamentos geraram valores acima do nível de ação ou na região de incerteza, sem chegar ao limite de exposição. Na projeção de dose para oito horas de trabalho, todos os tratamentos se encontraram acima do nível de ação ou na região de incerteza. Tanto para a aceleração média resultante quanto para o valor de dose de vibração os valores de vibração ocasionados no sentido do eixo y foram os principais responsáveis pelo comportamento dos dados.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mecanização agrícola, segurança do trabalho, conforto, insalubridade, ergonomia. MECHANIC VIBRATION IN A FARM TRACTOR TESTED ON A STANDARDIZED TRACK ABSTRACT: One of the main variables that affect the productive performance of agricultural tractors operators and can cause serious health problems is the vibration generated during operation. This study aimed to evaluate the vibration that comes over the entire body of the operator through the seat of a tractor by standardized test vibration track. A tractor of 92 kW of power was used in four conditions of ballasting: fully ballasted, using only solid ballast, liquid ballast and completely ballasts in four travel speeds, 1.19 m s -1; 1.47 m s-1; 1.75 ms-1 and 2.08 ms-1 with inflation pressures in the front and rear axles of 137.85 kPa to 165.47 kPa respectively. A three-axis accelerometer (x, y, and z) was fixed to the tractor seat to evaluate the effect of vibration on the body of the operator. The request was made with the HVM unit - 100 and BLAZE® software 6.1.1, which obtained the average resultant acceleration parameters, vibration dose value, crest factor and dose projection for 8 hours of work. Analysis of variance and average separation were performed for all analyzed components. All statistical analyzes were performed using the Tukey test at 5% probability (p <0.05). Tractor smaller travel speeds resulted in the best conditions of comfort, while the highest speeds generated the worst working conditions. Maximum tractor ballasting caused the least harmful conditions to the operator when combined with the smaller tractor travel speeds. The levels and types of ballasting in the V1 speed and the maximum ballasting (L1) in the V2 speed showed vibration doses values below the level of action, while the other treatments generated values above the action level or the uncertainty region, without reaching the exposure limit. At the dosage projection for eight hours of work, all treatments resulted on values above the action level or on the uncertainty region. For both the average resultant acceleration as to the vibration dose value, vibration values caused to the axis y were the main responsible for the behavior of the data.KEYWORDS: Agricultural mechanization; work safety, confort, unsanitary conditions, ergonomics.