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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid crystal colloids'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Smalyukh, Ivan I. "Liquid Crystal Colloids." Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 9, no. 1 (March 10, 2018): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-033117-054102.

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2

Dierking, Ingo. "Liquid crystal colloids." Liquid Crystals Today 27, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1358314x.2018.1479158.

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3

Wang, Yiwei, Pingwen Zhang, and Jeff Z. Y. Chen. "Formation of three-dimensional colloidal crystals in a nematic liquid crystal." Soft Matter 14, no. 32 (2018): 6756–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01057a.

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4

Muševič, Igor. "Nematic Liquid-Crystal Colloids." Materials 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11010024.

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5

Yuan, Ye, Angel Martinez, Bohdan Senyuk, Mykola Tasinkevych, and Ivan I. Smalyukh. "Chiral liquid crystal colloids." Nature Materials 17, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat5032.

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6

Tasinkevych, M., N. M. Silvestre, and M. M. Telo da Gama. "Liquid crystal boojum-colloids." New Journal of Physics 14, no. 7 (July 13, 2012): 073030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/7/073030.

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7

Draude, Adam P., and Ingo Dierking. "Lyotropic Liquid Crystals from Colloidal Suspensions of Graphene Oxide." Crystals 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9090455.

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Lyotropic liquid crystals from colloidal particles have been known for more than a century, but have attracted a revived interest over the last few years. This is due to the developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology, where the liquid crystal order can be exploited to orient and reorient the anisotropic colloids, thus enabling, increasing and switching the preferential properties of the nanoparticles. In particular, carbon-based colloids like carbon nanotubes and graphene/graphene–oxide have increasingly been studied with respect to their lyotropic liquid crystalline properties over the recent years. We critically review aspects of lyotropic graphene oxide liquid crystal with respect to properties and behavior which seem to be generally established, but also discuss those effects that are largely unfamiliar so far, or as of yet of controversial experimental or theoretical outcome.
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8

Sudha, Devika Gireesan, Jocelyn Ochoa, and Linda S. Hirst. "Colloidal aggregation in anisotropic liquid crystal solvent." Soft Matter 17, no. 32 (2021): 7532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm00542a.

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We report on colloidal aggregation in the nematic liquid crystal phase. Luminescent colloids are self-assembled in situ, providing a unique method to study large-scale hierarchical assembly in an anisotropic solvent.
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9

Shrivastav, Gaurav P., and Sabine H. L. Klapp. "Anomalous transport of magnetic colloids in a liquid crystal–magnetic colloid mixture." Soft Matter 15, no. 5 (2019): 973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02090f.

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10

Liu, Qingkun, Paul J. Ackerman, Tom C. Lubensky, and Ivan I. Smalyukh. "Biaxial ferromagnetic liquid crystal colloids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 38 (September 6, 2016): 10479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601235113.

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The design and practical realization of composite materials that combine fluidity and different forms of ordering at the mesoscopic scale are among the grand fundamental science challenges. These composites also hold a great potential for technological applications, ranging from information displays to metamaterials. Here we introduce a fluid with coexisting polar and biaxial ordering of organic molecular and magnetic colloidal building blocks exhibiting the lowest symmetry orientational order. Guided by interactions at different length scales, rod-like organic molecules of this fluid spontaneously orient along a direction dubbed “director,” whereas magnetic colloidal nanoplates order with their dipole moments parallel to each other but pointing at an angle to the director, yielding macroscopic magnetization at no external fields. Facile magnetic switching of such fluids is consistent with predictions of a model based on competing actions of elastic and magnetic torques, enabling previously inaccessible control of light.
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11

Fukuda, Jun-ichi. "Liquid Crystal Colloids: A Novel Composite Material Based on Liquid Crystals." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 78, no. 4 (April 15, 2009): 041003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.78.041003.

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12

Li, Yunfeng, Elisabeth Prince, Sangho Cho, Alinaghi Salari, Youssef Mosaddeghian Golestani, Oleg D. Lavrentovich, and Eugenia Kumacheva. "Periodic assembly of nanoparticle arrays in disclinations of cholesteric liquid crystals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 9 (February 13, 2017): 2137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615006114.

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An important goal of the modern soft matter science is to discover new self-assembly modalities to precisely control the placement of small particles in space. Spatial inhomogeneity of liquid crystals offers the capability to organize colloids in certain regions such as the cores of the topological defects. Here we report two self-assembly modes of nanoparticles in linear defects-disclinations in a lyotropic colloidal cholesteric liquid crystal: a continuous helicoidal thread and a periodic array of discrete beads. The beads form one-dimensional arrays with a periodicity that matches half a pitch of the cholesteric phase. The periodic assembly is governed by the anisotropic surface tension and elasticity at the interface of beads with the liquid crystal. This mode of self-assembly of nanoparticles in disclinations expands our ability to use topological defects in liquid crystals as templates for the organization of nanocolloids.
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13

Kołacz, Jakub, Andrew Konya, Robin L. B. Selinger, and Qi-Huo Wei. "Thermophoresis of colloids in nematic liquid crystal." Soft Matter 16, no. 8 (2020): 1989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02424g.

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14

Stark, Holger, Jun-ichi Fukuda, and Hiroshi Yokoyama. "Nematic wetting layers in liquid crystal colloids." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 16, no. 19 (April 29, 2004): S1911—S1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/19/004.

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15

Rahman, Muklesur, and Wei Lee. "Electric-Field Effects in Dilute Suspensions of Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Nematic Liquid Crystals." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.173.

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Colloids composed of liquid-crystal hydrosols exhibit a rich set of interesting phenomena. The coupling between liquid-crystalline media and colloidal particles plays an essential role leading to an abundant source of new physics. In the last few years, peculiar behaviors of carbon-nanotube-doped calamitic liquid crystals have attracted considerable attention. This paper provides a brief introduction to this alluring subject for its on-going research development in this laboratory. First presented are our current understandings of the nematic colloidal system comprising carbon nanotubes and of their possible orientation and dynamics under the application of an external field. Various electro-optical and electrical properties of a liquid-crystal display rectified by the nanoscale carbonaceous guest are then addressed to a larger extent. Dielectric relaxation obtained from a nematic impregnated with carbon nanotubes is also discussed. With historical significance for the dawn of the liquid-crystal–carbon-nanotube research, several important findings of enhanced nonlinear optical properties in typical nematic mesomaterials consisting of suspended nanotubes are delineated. With the new colloidal systems of elongated nanoscale solids dispersed in anisotropic fluids in the mesophase, many new intriguing phenomena are awaiting theoretical and experimental explorations. Collaborations are called to draw attention of interested theoretical physicists, in particular.
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16

Hwang, Hyerim, David A. Weitz, and Frans Spaepen. "Stiffness of the interface between a colloidal body-centered cubic crystal and its liquid." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 41 (September 24, 2020): 25225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005664117.

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Equilibrium interfaces were established between body-centered cubic (BCC) crystals and their liquid using charged colloidal particles in an electric bottle. By measuring a time series of interfacial positions and computing the average power spectrum, their interfacial stiffness was determined according to the capillary fluctuation method. For the (100) and the (114) interfaces, the stiffnesses were 0.15 and 0.18kBT/σ2(σ: particle diameter), respectively, and were isotropic in the plane of the interface. For comparison, similar charged colloids were used to create an interface between a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal and its liquid. Its stiffness was significantly larger: 0.26kBT/σ2. This result gives experimental support to the explanations offered for the preferential nucleation of BCC over FCC in metallic alloys.
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17

Itahara, Toshio, Chiho Hamasaki, and Jun-ichi Inadome. "Ordered structures of nematic colloids in crystals of liquid crystal dimers." Soft Matter 7, no. 11 (2011): 5171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0sm01433h.

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18

Hernandez-Guzman, J., and E. R. Weeks. "The equilibrium intrinsic crystal-liquid interface of colloids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 36 (August 14, 2009): 15198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904682106.

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19

Ravnik, Miha, and Slobodan Žumer. "Nematic braids: 2D entangled nematic liquid crystal colloids." Soft Matter 5, no. 22 (2009): 4520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b913065a.

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20

Li, Fenghua, John West, Anatoliy Glushchenko, Chae Il Cheon, and Yuri Reznikov. "Ferroelectric nanoparticle/liquid-crystal colloids for display applications." Journal of the Society for Information Display 14, no. 6 (2006): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.2210802.

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21

Duijneveldt, Jeroen S. van, Susanne Klein, Edward Leach, Claire Pizzey, and Robert M. Richardson. "Large scale structures in liquid crystal/clay colloids." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 17, no. 15 (April 2, 2005): 2255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/15/001.

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22

Petrov, Peter G., and Eugene M. Terentjev. "Formation of Cellular Solid in Liquid Crystal Colloids." Langmuir 17, no. 10 (May 2001): 2942–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0016470.

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23

Lekkerkerker, H. N. W., and G. J. Vroege. "Liquid crystal phase transitions in suspensions of mineral colloids: new life from old roots." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1988 (April 13, 2013): 20120263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0263.

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A review is given of the field of mineral colloidal liquid crystals : liquid crystal phases formed by individual mineral particles within colloidal suspensions. Starting from their discovery in the 1920s, we discuss developments on the levels of both fundamentals and applications. We conclude by highlighting some promising results from recent years, which may point the way towards future developments.
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24

Wei, Xiaoshuang, Nicholas Sbalbi, and Laura C. Bradley. "Nematic colloids at liquid crystal–air interfaces via photopolymerization." Soft Matter 16, no. 39 (2020): 9121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01311k.

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25

Pagès, Josep M., Arthur V. Straube, Pietro Tierno, Jordi Ignés-Mullol, and Francesc Sagués. "Inhomogeneous assembly of driven nematic colloids." Soft Matter 15, no. 2 (2019): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02101e.

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26

Cheng, Zheng Dong, Min Shuai, Andres Mejia, Hua Wei Li, Zeng Kai Shi, Jiao Yan Ai, Wei Zhou, and Ying Chen. "Disk-Shaped Colloids: The Synthesis and Applications of ZrP Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.177.

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We performed systematic experiments on the synthesis of layered crystal α-ZrP and revealed the control of size, aspect ratio and size polydispersity of disk-shaped crystals. The growth of the disks is mediated by oriented attachment, taking place continuously throughout the hydrothermal treatment between various sized disks. The master of the synthesis of layered crystals will contribute to various applications such as the nanocomposites and liquid crystals.
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27

Čopar, Simon, Uroš Tkalec, Igor Muševič, and Slobodan Žumer. "Knot theory realizations in nematic colloids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 6 (January 26, 2015): 1675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1417178112.

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Nematic braids are reconfigurable knots and links formed by the disclination loops that entangle colloidal particles dispersed in a nematic liquid crystal. We focus on entangled nematic disclinations in thin twisted nematic layers stabilized by 2D arrays of colloidal particles that can be controlled with laser tweezers. We take the experimentally assembled structures and demonstrate the correspondence of the knot invariants, constructed graphs, and surfaces associated with the disclination loop to the physically observable features specific to the geometry at hand. The nematic nature of the medium adds additional topological parameters to the conventional results of knot theory, which couple with the knot topology and introduce order into the phase diagram of possible structures. The crystalline order allows the simplified construction of the Jones polynomial and medial graphs, and the steps in the construction algorithm are mirrored in the physics of liquid crystals.
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28

Skinner, Thomas O. E., Dirk G. A. L. Aarts, and Roel P. A. Dullens. "Real-Space Analysis of Grain Boundary Fluctuations in Two Dimensional Colloidal Crystals." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.901.

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The characteristics of grain boundary motion and evolution are of fundamental importance in material science. Optical microscopy is used to analyse grain boundary fluctuations in two-dimensional colloidal crystals. Colloidal systems are particles (colloids) on the order of 1µm dispersed in a solvent where they display rich phase behaviour of colloidal 'crystal', liquid' and 'gas' phases. They are widely used as a model system to study many fundamental issues in condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics. The intrinsic slowness and increased length scales of colloidal systems make them an excellent model system to study grain boundaries as an analogy to atomic systems. Static and dynamic correlation functions are compared with capillary wave theory to calculate the grain boundary mobility and stiffness. These fundamental properties of grain boundaries determine the kinetics of curvature-driven grain growth.
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29

Oh-e, Masahito, Hiroshi Yokoyama, Mattijs Koeberg, Euan Hendry, and Mischa Bonn. "High-frequency dielectric relaxation of liquid crystals: THz time-domain spectroscopy of liquid crystal colloids." Optics Express 14, no. 23 (2006): 11433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.14.011433.

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30

Oh-e, Masahito, Hiroshi Yokoyama, Mattijs Koeberg, Euan Hendry, and Mischa Bonn. "Liquid Crystal Colloids Studied by THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 480, no. 1 (January 29, 2008): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400701821317.

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31

Ravnik, Miha, and Slobodan Žumer. "Landau–de Gennes modelling of nematic liquid crystal colloids." Liquid Crystals 36, no. 10-11 (October 2009): 1201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290903056095.

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32

Jeridi, Haifa, Mohamed A. Gharbi, Tahar Othman, and Christophe Blanc. "Capillary-induced giant elastic dipoles in thin nematic films." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 48 (November 9, 2015): 14771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508865112.

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Directed and true self-assembly mechanisms in nematic liquid crystal colloids rely on specific interactions between microparticles and the topological defects of the matrix. Most ordered structures formed in thin nematic cells are thus based on elastic multipoles consisting of a particle and nearby defects. Here, we report, for the first time to our knowledge, the existence of giant elastic dipoles arising from particles dispersed in free nematic liquid crystal films. We discuss the role of capillarity and film thickness on the dimensions of the dipoles and explain their main features with a simple 2D model. Coupling of capillarity with nematic elasticity could offer ways to tune finely the spatial organization of complex colloidal systems.
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33

Ohzono, Takuya. "Site-specific attraction dynamics of surface colloids driven by gradients of liquid crystalline distortions." Soft Matter 15, no. 5 (2019): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02404a.

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34

Wang, Xiaoguang, Daniel S. Miller, Juan J. de Pablo, and Nicholas L. Abbott. "Organized assemblies of colloids formed at the poles of micrometer-sized droplets of liquid crystal." Soft Matter 10, no. 44 (2014): 8821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01784f.

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35

Martinez, Angel, Leonardo Hermosillo, Mykola Tasinkevych, and Ivan I. Smalyukh. "Linked topological colloids in a nematic host." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 15 (March 30, 2015): 4546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500998112.

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Geometric shape and topology of constituent particles can alter many colloidal properties such as Brownian motion, self-assembly, and phase behavior. Thus far, only single-component building blocks of colloids with connected surfaces have been studied, although topological colloids, with constituent particles shaped as freestanding knots and handlebodies of different genus, have been recently introduced. Here we develop a topological class of colloids shaped as multicomponent links. Using two-photon photopolymerization, we fabricate colloidal microparticle analogs of the classic examples of links studied in the field of topology, the Hopf and Solomon links, which we disperse in nematic fluids that possess orientational ordering of anisotropic rod-like molecules. The surfaces of these particles are treated to impose tangential or perpendicular boundary conditions for the alignment of liquid crystal molecules, so that they generate a host of topologically nontrivial field and defect structures in the dispersing nematic medium, resulting in an elastic coupling between the linked constituents. The interplay between the topologies of surfaces of linked colloids and the molecular alignment field of the nematic host reveals that linking of particle rings with perpendicular boundary conditions is commonly accompanied by linking of closed singular defect loops, laying the foundations for fabricating complex composite materials with interlinking-based structural organization.
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36

Kotar, Jurij, Dušan Babič, Mojca Vilfan, Martin Čopič, and Igor Poberaj. "Magneto-Optic Tweezers Studies of Interactions in Liquid Crystal Colloids." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 450, no. 1 (July 2006): 97/[297]—104/[304]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400600587837.

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37

Podoliak, Nina, Oleksandr Buchnev, Dmitry V. Bavykin, Alexander N. Kulak, Malgosia Kaczmarek, and Timothy J. Sluckin. "Magnetite nanorod thermotropic liquid crystal colloids: Synthesis, optics and theory." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 386, no. 1 (November 2012): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2012.07.082.

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38

Bukusoglu, Emre, Xiaoguang Wang, Ye Zhou, José A. Martínez-González, Mohammad Rahimi, Qi Wang, Juan J. de Pablo, and Nicholas L. Abbott. "Positioning colloids at the surfaces of cholesteric liquid crystal droplets." Soft Matter 12, no. 42 (2016): 8781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01661h.

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39

Tkalec, Uroš, and Igor Muševič. "Topology of nematic liquid crystal colloids confined to two dimensions." Soft Matter 9, no. 34 (2013): 8140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3sm50713k.

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40

Anderson, V. J., and E. M. Terentjev. "Cellular solid behaviour of liquid crystal colloids 2. Mechanical properties." European Physical Journal E 4, no. 1 (January 2001): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101890170138.

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41

Fukuda, Jun-ichi, Makoto Yoneya, Hiroshi Yokoyama, and Holger Stark. "Numerical investigation of liquid crystal colloids using a continuum description." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 38, no. 3-4 (November 2004): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.02.019.

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42

Peng, Chenhui, and Oleg Lavrentovich. "Liquid Crystals-Enabled AC Electrokinetics." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010045.

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Phenomena of electrically driven fluid flows, known as electro-osmosis, and particle transport in a liquid electrolyte, known as electrophoresis, collectively form a subject of electrokinetics. Electrokinetics shows a great potential in microscopic manipulation of matter for various scientific and technological applications. Electrokinetics is usually studied for isotropic electrolytes. Recently it has been demonstrated that replacement of an isotropic electrolyte with an anisotropic, or liquid crystal (LC), electrolyte, brings about entirely new mechanisms of spatial charge formation and electrokinetic effects. This review presents the main features of liquid crystal-enabled electrokinetics (LCEK) rooted in the field-assisted separation of electric charges at deformations of the director that describes local molecular orientation of the LC. Since the electric field separates the charges and then drives the charges, the resulting electro-osmotic and electrophoretic velocities grow as the square of the applied electric field. We describe a number of related phenomena, such as alternating current (AC) LC-enabled electrophoresis of colloidal solid particles and fluid droplets in uniform and spatially-patterned LCs, swarming of colloids guided by photoactivated surface patterns, control of LCEK polarity through the material properties of the LC electrolyte, LCEK-assisted mixing at microscale, separation and sorting of small particles. LC-enabled electrokinetics brings a new dimension to our ability to manipulate dynamics of matter at small scales and holds a major promise for future technologies of microfluidics, pumping, mixing, sensing, and diagnostics.
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43

Cairns, Darran R., Matthew S. Shafran, Konstantinos A. Sierros, Wade W. Huebsch, and Aaron J. Kessman. "Stimulus-responsive fluidic dispersions of rod shaped liquid crystal polymer colloids." Materials Letters 64, no. 10 (May 2010): 1133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.02.021.

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44

Muševič, Igor. "Interactions, topology and photonic properties of liquid crystal colloids and dispersions." European Physical Journal Special Topics 227, no. 17 (March 2019): 2455–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-800107-y.

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45

Chu, Guang, Rita Vilensky, Gleb Vasilyev, Shengwei Deng, Dan Qu, Yan Xu, and Eyal Zussman. "Structural Transition in Liquid Crystal Bubbles Generated from Fluidic Nanocellulose Colloids." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, no. 30 (June 21, 2017): 8751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201703869.

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46

Chu, Guang, Rita Vilensky, Gleb Vasilyev, Shengwei Deng, Dan Qu, Yan Xu, and Eyal Zussman. "Structural Transition in Liquid Crystal Bubbles Generated from Fluidic Nanocellulose Colloids." Angewandte Chemie 129, no. 30 (June 21, 2017): 8877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201703869.

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47

Sanyal, Subrata, and Ajay K. Sood. "Diffusing wave spectroscopy of dense colloids: Liquid, crystal and glassy states." Pramana 45, no. 1 (July 1995): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02848093.

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48

Zuhail, Kottoli Poyil, Matjaž Humar, and Surajit Dhara. "Effect of phase transitions on liquid crystal colloids: a short review." Liquid Crystals Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2021.1904298.

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49

Čopar, Simon, Miha Ravnik, and Slobodan Žumer. "Introduction to Colloidal and Microfluidic Nematic Microstructures." Crystals 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080956.

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In this brief review, we give an introduction to selected colloidal and microfluidic nematic microstructures, as enabled by the inherent anisotropy and microscopic orientational ordering in complex liquid crystalline materials. We give a brief overview of the mesoscopic theory, for equilibrium and dynamics, of nematic fluids, that provides the framework for understanding, characterization, and even prediction of such microstructures, with particular comment also on the role of topology and topological defects. Three types of nematic microstructures are highlighted: stable or metastable structures in nematic colloids based on spherical colloidal particles, stationary nematic microfluidic structures, and ferromagnetic liquid crystal structures based on magnetic colloidal particles. Finally, this paper is in honor of Noel A. Clark, as one of the world pioneers that helped to shape this field of complex and functional soft matter, contributing at different levels to works of various groups worldwide, including ours.
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50

Melle, Michael, Sergej Schlotthauer, Carol K. Hall, Enrique Diaz-Herrera, and Martin Schoen. "Disclination lines at homogeneous and heterogeneous colloids immersed in a chiral liquid crystal." Soft Matter 10, no. 30 (2014): 5489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00959b.

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In the present work we perform Monte Carlo simulations in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble to study defect topologies formed in a cholesteric liquid crystal due to the presence of a spherical colloidal particle.
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