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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid crystal defect'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Yin, Xin Xing, Ying Mao Xie, Hui Zhen Wang, and Rui Lin Xiao. "The Defect Modes Property Controlled by Temperature in One Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Liquid Crystal Defect Layer." Advanced Materials Research 586 (November 2012): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.586.206.

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The 5CB liquid crystal as defects will be introduced to one dimensional photonic crystal, taking advantage of temperature property of liquid crystal refractive index, the transmission spectrum of one dimensional liquid crystal defect photonic crystal defect modes was researched by the transfer matrix method(TMM). The numerical results indicated that when the temperature went up, one dimensional liquid crystal defect photonic crystal defect modes removed towards the long wavelength. When the temperature increased from 273k to 320k, the defect modes wavelength from 5121nm drifted to 5508nm, the wavelength shift was 387nm and the maximum of temperature sensitivity was 10.85nm/K, it was also observed that the temperature sensitivity decreased as the temperature increased.

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2

Bingxiang Li, Bingxiang Li, Yingmao Xie Yingmao Xie, and Xinghua Wang Xinghua Wang. "Electro-tunable localized modes in 2D nematic-liquid-crystal photonic crystal with a point defect." Chinese Optics Letters 10, s2 (2012): S21602–321604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.s21602.

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3

ZHOU, CHUNFENG, PENGTAO YUE, and JAMES J. FENG. "The rise of Newtonian drops in a nematic liquid crystal." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 593 (November 23, 2007): 385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007008889.

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We simulate the rise of Newtonian drops in a nematic liquid crystal parallel to the far-field molecular orientation. The moving interface is computed in a diffuse-interface framework, and the anisotropic rheology of the liquid crystal is represented by the Leslie–Ericksen theory, regularized to permit topological defects. Results reveal interesting coupling between the flow field and the orientational field surrounding the drop, especially the defect configuration. The flow generally sweeps the point and ring defects downstream, and may transform a ring defect into a point defect. The stability of these defects and their transformation are depicted in a phase diagram in terms of the Ericksen number and the ratio between surface anchoring and bulk elastic energies. The nematic orientation affects the flow field in return. Drops with planar anchoring on the surface rise faster than those with homeotropic anchoring, and the former features a vortex ring in the wake. These are attributed to the viscous anisotropy of the nematic. With homeotropic anchoring, the drop rising velocity experiences an overshoot, owing to the transformation of the initial surface ring defect to a satellite point defect. With both types of anchoring, the drag coefficient of the drop decreases with increasing Ericksen number as the flow-alignment of the nematic orientation reduces the effective viscosity of the liquid crystal.

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4

Ding, Ding-kuo, and Edwin L. Thomas. "Investigation of defect structures of thermotropic liquid crystal polymers by optical and scanning EM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100121776.

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The integer defect structures of semi-flexible thermotropic polyester (MHDT) based on 1,10-decane bisterephthaloyl chloride with methyl hydroquinone were investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Liquid crystals, in general, are characterized by a unit vector called the director, n, which indicates the locally preferred orientation of molecules. Different types of defects, which were described by their strength, s, defined by the total change of the orientation of the director around the singularity divided by 2л, are imaged in the director fields. The integer defects of s=±1, in liquid crystal polymers were revealed by OM and SEM using the lamellar decoration technique developed in this laboratory.

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5

PHILLIPS, P. M., and A. D. REY. "Characterising texture formation in fibre lattices embedded in a nematic liquid crystal matrix." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 23, no. 1 (January 28, 2011): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792510000331.

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A two-dimensional computational study is performed on the texturing of fibre-filled nematic liquid crystals using the Landau-de Gennes model describing the spatio-temporal evolution of the second moment of the orientation distribution function or quadrupolar tensor order parameter. The investigation is performed on a consistent computational domain comprising a square array of four circular fibres embedded within a unit square containing a uniaxial low molar mass calamitic liquid crystal. Interest is focused on the role of temperature, boundary conditions and their effect on the nucleation and evolution of defect structures. Thermal effects are characterised below and above the temperature at which the nematic state is stable. Simulations in the stable nematic state serves as a scenario for investigating the effect of imposing different external boundary conditions, namely periodic and Dirichlet; the former describes a square lattice array of fibres embedded in a nematic liquid crystal, and the latterdescribes a four-fibre arrangement in an aligned nematic material. In each case, the influence of temperature is characterised, with defect structures forming and either remaining or splitting into lower strength defects. For fibre lattices, splitting transitions of defects at the centre of the domain occur at a critical temperature, but for the four-fibre arrangement, defect transitions occur continuously over a temperature range. The discontinuous defect splitting transition in fibre arrays occurs at lower temperatures than the continuous defect transformation in the four-fibre arrangement. At sufficiently low temperatures, the four-fibre arrangement and the fibre lattice give the same texture consisting of two disclination lines close to each fibre. The evolution of the texture with respect to temperature can be characterised as a change from single-fibre mode at low temperature to a collective mode with a centre-located heterogeneity at higher temperature. At higher temperatures, in the stable isotropic state, it is shown that surface-induced ordering arising from the fibre/liquid crystal interaction propagates into the bulk forming thin disclination lattices around the four-fibre configuration.

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6

Ozaki, Ryotaro, Hirotaka Miyoshi, Masanori Ozaki, and Katsumi Yoshino. "Tunable Defect Mode in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Liquid Crystal Defect Layer." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 433, no. 1 (June 2005): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400590957792.

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7

Tsung, Jieh-Wen, Ya-Zi Wang, Sheng-Kai Yao, and Shih-Yu Chao. "Crystal-like topological defect arrays in nematic liquid crystal." Applied Physics Letters 119, no. 12 (September 20, 2021): 121906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0064303.

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8

Kléman, M. "Defects in Liquid-Crystalline Polymers." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 9 (September 1995): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034898.

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The properties of imperfections (or defects) of the atomic or molecular order in condensed matter can be conveniently described under two headings: (1) Topological properties—Defects break a specific symmetry of the ordered system at a local scale, that is, along a point defect, a line defect (a dislocation or a disclination), or a surface defect (a wall). (2) Elastic properties—Defects are sources of two types of distortions of the order: long-range distortions, which depend crucially on the broken symmetry but also on the material constants, and short-range distortions in the “core” region of the defect where the order parameter of the ordered phase is broken. These distortions are irreversible in the sense that defects appear during plastic deformation (in solids) or rheological flow (in liquid crystals).To illustrate this classification, let us recall the example of dislocation lines in solids. These defects break translational symmetries (henceforth a dislocation is defined topologically by the translation b it breaks, the so-called Burgers vector). They are at the origin of rather weak, long-range, internal distortions and stresses that depend on the elastic constants (in the region of the good crystal) and rather strong, short-range distortions and stresses in the “core” region, implying a complete rearrangement of the molecular order. These stresses are different in the static and dynamic states, and the shape of the dislocation line, as well as its size, etc., depend on the history of the sample.In this article, we will focus on defects in liquid-crystalline polymers. A synthetic polymer that displays mesomorphic order (intermediate between crystalline and liquid) is usually made of units that are themselves mesogenic and that align coherently when in contact.

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9

Darmon, Alexandre, Michael Benzaquen, David Seč, Simon Čopar, Olivier Dauchot, and Teresa Lopez-Leon. "Waltzing route toward double-helix formation in cholesteric shells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 34 (August 4, 2016): 9469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525059113.

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Liquid crystals, when confined to a spherical shell, offer fascinating possibilities for producing artificial mesoscopic atoms, which could then self-assemble into materials structured at a nanoscale, such as photonic crystals or metamaterials. The spherical curvature of the shell imposes topological constraints in the molecular ordering of the liquid crystal, resulting in the formation of defects. Controlling the number of defects, that is, the shell valency, and their positions, is a key success factor for the realization of those materials. Liquid crystals with helical cholesteric order offer a promising, yet unexplored way of controlling the shell defect configuration. In this paper, we study cholesteric shells with monovalent and bivalent defect configurations. By bringing together experiments and numerical simulations, we show that the defects appearing in these two configurations have a complex inner structure, as recently reported for simulated droplets. Bivalent shells possess two highly structured defects, which are composed of a number of smaller defect rings that pile up through the shell. Monovalent shells have a single radial defect, which is composed of two nonsingular defect lines that wind around each other in a double-helix structure. The stability of the bivalent configuration against the monovalent one is controlled by c = h/p, where h is the shell thickness and p the cholesteric helical pitch. By playing with the shell geometry, we can trigger the transition between the two configurations. This transition involves a fascinating waltz dynamics, where the two defects come closer while turning around each other.

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10

Putzig, Elias, Gabriel S. Redner, Arvind Baskaran, and Aparna Baskaran. "Instabilities, defects, and defect ordering in an overdamped active nematic." Soft Matter 12, no. 17 (2016): 3854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sm00268d.

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11

Qian, Zhang, Zhou Xuan, and Zhang Zhidong. "New structure induced by elastic anisotropy in cylindrical nematic liquid crystal." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 13, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 4705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v13i2.5874.

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Basing on Landauâ€“de Gennes theory, this study investigated the chiral configurations of nematic liquid crystals confined to cylindrical capillaries with homeotropic anchoring on the cylinder walls. When the elastic anisotropy (L2/L1) is large enough, a new structure results from the convergence of two opposite escape directions of the heterochiral twist and escape radial (TER) configurations. The new defect presents when L2/L1â‰¥7 and disappears when L2/L1<7. The new structure possesses a heterochiral hyperbolic defect at the center and two homochiral radial defects on both sides. The two radial defects show different chiralities.

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12

RANGANATH, G. S. "LIQUID CRYSTAL DEFECTS IN A MAGNETIC FIELD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 09, no. 18n19 (August 30, 1995): 2439–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979295000938.

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In a magnetic field, a liquid crystal exhibits many interesting defect configurations arising due to the diamagnetic anisotropy of the molecules. In this article the structure and properties of some defect states, in the presence of a magnetic field, will be reviewed.

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13

Del Rio Castillo, A. E., V. Pellegrini, A. Ansaldo, F. Ricciardella, H. Sun, L. Marasco, J. Buha, et al. "High-yield production of 2D crystals by wet-jet milling." Materials Horizons 5, no. 5 (2018): 890–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8mh00487k.

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14

Armendáriz, José, and Humberto Híjar. "Nonequilibrium Dynamics of a Magnetic Nanocapsule in a Nematic Liquid Crystal." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 2886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112886.

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Colloidal particles in nematic liquid crystals show a beautiful variety of complex phenomena with promising applications. Their dynamical behaviour is determined by topology and interactions with the liquid crystal and external fields. Here, a nematic magnetic nanocapsule reoriented periodically by time-varying magnetic fields is studied using numerical simulations. The approach combines Molecular Dynamics to resolve solute–solvent interactions and Nematic Multiparticle Collision Dynamics to incorporate nematohydrodynamic fields and fluctuations. A Saturn ring defect resulting from homeotropic anchoring conditions surrounds the capsule and rotates together with it. Magnetically induced rotations of the capsule can produce transformations of this topological defect, which changes from a disclination curve to a defect structure extending over the surface of the capsule. Transformations occur for large magnetic fields. At moderate fields, elastic torques prevent changes of the topological defect by tilting the capsule out from the rotation plane of the magnetic field.

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15

Kosmidou, Elissavet P., Emmanouil E. Kriezis, and Theodoros D. Tsiboukis. "FDTD analysis of photonic crystal defect layers filled with liquid crystals." Optical and Quantum Electronics 37, no. 1-3 (January 2005): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-005-1132-5.

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16

Ozaki, Ryotaro, Masanori Ozaki, and Katsumi Yoshino. "Defect Mode Switching in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Nematic Liquid Crystal as Defect Layer." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 42, Part 2, No. 6B (June 15, 2003): L669—L671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.42.l669.

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17

Zhang, Yun, Ze-Kun Yang, Yu-Jie Liu, Jin Xie, Lei Xia, and Hong-Wei Yang. "A method to detect the content of substance in solution by using spectral position information of photonic crystal." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 11 (April 30, 2021): 2150150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221501502.

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Photonic crystal is a dielectric structure arranged according to certain rules, and its excellent electromagnetic wave characteristics can be used to manufacture a lot of kinds of photonic crystal devices. In this paper, a defect is introduced into the photonic crystal, and the transfer matrix method is used to study the relationship between the liquid concentration and the peak value of the liquid transmission at the electromagnetic wave length when the defect is a mixture of ethanol and glycol. The results show that by observing and measuring the position of the peak transmittance of the mixed liquid, the substance content of the liquid mixture, that is, the concentration, can be inferred. The accuracy of this method is compared with the experimental results, which shows that this method has high accuracy. This method is simple and easy to operate. This result opens up a new direction for the application of photonic crystals.

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18

Lester, G. A., S. J. Coulston, and A. M. Strudwick. "Defect suppression in liquid crystal filled polymer devices." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 7, no. 7 (May 27, 2005): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/7/7/005.

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19

Schmidtke, J., and W. Stille. "Photonic defect modes in cholesteric liquid crystal films." European Physical Journal E 12, no. 4 (November 2003): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/e2004-00027-2.

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20

Khandelwal, A. "Defect Transformations in Nematic Liquid Crystal Research Note." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 338, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587250008024415.

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21

Wu Rina, 乌日娜, 吴杰 Wu Jie, 李勇 Li Yong, and 岱钦 Dai Qin. "Photonic Crystal Transmission Spectrum with Parallel Alignment Nematic Liquid Crystal Defect." Acta Optica Sinica 33, no. 10 (2013): 1023002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201333.1023002.

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22

Gunyakov, V. A., S. A. Myslivets, V. G. Arkhipkin, V. Ya Zyryanov, and V. F. Shabanov. "Optical bistability in a photonic crystal with a liquid-crystal defect." Doklady Physics 58, no. 6 (June 2013): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335813060050.

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23

Ozaki, Ryotaro, Masanori Ozaki, and Katsumi Yoshino. "Defect Mode in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with In-Plane Switchable Nematic Liquid Crystal Defect Layer." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 43, No. 11B (October 22, 2004): L1477—L1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.43.l1477.

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24

Ilchyshyn, I. P., E. A. Tikhonov, and T. V. Mykytiuk. "Spectral and Spatial Features of Radiation Emitted by a Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Laser." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 4 (June 18, 2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.4.339.

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Spectral and spatial characteristics of radiation emitted by a laser operating on the Bragg structure arising in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) have been studied, as well as their variations with a change of the planar CLC orientation. A defect in the helical structure of the CLC formed by a ternary mixture of cholesterol viscous esters is revealed at the mutually orthogonal orientations of the CLC director at the substrates. This defect manifests itself as a local dip in the selective reflection band, which agrees with the behavior of the defect mode in the photonic crystal. Such a defect in the helical structure stimulates the selection of longitudinal modes with the indices N = ±1, so that the single-mode lasing regime is realized. A spatial ring structure in the laser radiation is found to arise, when higher longitudinal modes are generated.

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25

Li, Bing Xiang, Ying Mao Xie, and Chun Xiang Zeng. "The Localized Mode and its Photoluminescence Characteristics of the Nematic-Liquid-Crystal-Filled One Dimensional Photonic Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 586 (November 2012): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.586.45.

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The localized mode and its Photoluminescence Characteristics of one dimensional liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal with a defect layer (1DNLCFPC) were studied numerically by the transfer matrix method. Nematic liquid crystal (NLC) could be treated as uniaxial media when the external electric field intensity over the threshold. The angle θ was the angle between the direction of the vertical incident light and the direction of the electric field. When θ increased, the results could be found as follow: the 1DNLCFPC’s band gap gets wide and the wavelengths of both band edges get small; the defect mode’s wavelength of 1DNLCFPC gets small. The half-width at the defect modes’ half maximum is less than 0.2nm. The localized phenomenon can be found in the defect modes, meanwhile, light energy is localized nearby the defect layer. The largest relative light intensity in the localized layers has large value when the pump rate is very small.

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26

You, Ra, Sumin Kang, Changjae Lee, Jisoo Jeon, Jeong Jae Wie, Taek-Soo Kim, and Dong Ki Yoon. "Programmable Liquid Crystal Defect Arrays via Electric Field Modulation for Mechanically Functional Liquid Crystal Networks." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, no. 30 (July 26, 2021): 36253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c04999.

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27

OZAKI, RYOTARO, HIROTAKA MIYOSHI, MASANORI OZAKI, and KATSUMI YOSHINO. "Fast Electrooptic Response Based on Defect Mode Switching in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Containing Nematic Liquid Crystal and Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal as a Defect Layer." Ferroelectrics 312, no. 1 (January 2004): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190490511554.

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28

Zyryanov, Victor Ya, Sergey A. Myslivets, Vladimir A. Gunyakov, Alexander M. Parshin, Vasily G. Arkhipkin, Vasily F. Shabanov, and Wei Lee. "Magnetic-field tunable defect modes in a photonic-crystal/liquid-crystal cell." Optics Express 18, no. 2 (January 11, 2010): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.001283.

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29

Lin, Chi-Wen, and Huang-Ming Philip Chen. "Defect-free half-V-mode ferroelectric liquid-crystal device." Journal of the Society for Information Display 18, no. 11 (2010): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/jsid18.11.976.

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30

Ozaki, Masanori, Ryotaro Ozaki, Tatsunosuke Matsui, and Katsumi Yoshino. "Twist-Defect-Mode Lasing in Photopolymerized Cholesteric Liquid Crystal." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 42, Part 2, No. 5A (May 1, 2003): L472—L475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.42.l472.

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31

Archer, Paul, and Ingo Dierking. "Polymer stabilisation of twisted smectic liquid crystal defect states." Soft Matter 5, no. 4 (2009): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b816274c.

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32

Tiribocchi, A., G. Gonnella, D. Marenduzzo, and E. Orlandini. "Switching and defect dynamics in multistable liquid crystal devices." Applied Physics Letters 97, no. 14 (October 4, 2010): 143505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3496472.

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33

Wincure, Benjamin M., and Alejandro D. Rey. "Nanoscale Analysis of Defect Shedding from Liquid Crystal Interfaces." Nano Letters 7, no. 6 (June 2007): 1474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0701408.

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34

Pratt, W. K., R. A. Pendergrass, and S. S. Sawkar. "P-4: Defect Detection in Reflective Liquid-Crystal Microdisplays." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 30, no. 1 (1999): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.1834058.

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35

Zhou, Shuang. "Recent progresses in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal research: elasticity, viscosity, defect structures, and living liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals Today 27, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1358314x.2018.1570593.

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36

BISCARI, PAOLO, and TIMOTHY J. SLUCKIN. "A perturbative approach to the backflow dynamics of nematic defects." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 23, no. 1 (January 5, 2011): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792510000343.

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We present an asymptotic theory that includes in a perturbative expansion the coupling effects between the director dynamics and the velocity field in a nematic liquid crystal. Backflow effects are most significant in the presence of defect motion, since in this case the presence of a velocity field may strongly reduce the total energy dissipation and thus increase the defect velocity. As an example, we illustrate how backflow influences the speeds of opposite-charged defects.

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37

Ozaki, Ryotaro, Hiroshi Moritake, Katsumi Yoshino, and Masanori Ozaki. "Analysis of defect mode switching response in one-dimensional photonic crystal with a nematic liquid crystal defect layer." Journal of Applied Physics 101, no. 3 (February 2007): 033503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2432877.

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38

Yu, Hai Xia, Xian Jun Gao, and Yan Li Shi. "Tunable Wavelength Filter Based on Complex Period Photonic Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 659 (January 2013): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.659.64.

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A new-style tunable photonic crystal filter was proposed, its structure is the liquid crystal defect films are introduced to the one-dimensional photonic crystal periodically composed by three different refractive index mediums. The spectrum transmission was obtained by using the transfer matrix method and liquid crystal Jones' matrix, we synthetically analyze the properties of the complex period photonic crystal infiltrated with nematic liquid crystal and the influence of many factors such as liquid crystal thickness, photonic crystal periodicity and adjacent medium thickness increment. The filter has different job windows in 1550 nm、1330nm etc, by changing the thickness increment of the adjacent medium behind the liquid crystal, and the tuning range of which has 30nm and above .

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39

Xiao Pei, 肖培, and 肖峻 Xiao Jun. "Tunable Polarization Filter Based on One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Liquid Crystal Defect." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 50, no. 7 (2013): 072301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop50.072301.

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40

Clark, N. A., and T. P. Rieker. "Smectic-C‘‘chevron,’’ a planar liquid-crystal defect: Implications for the surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid-crystal geometry." Physical Review A 37, no. 3 (February 1, 1988): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.37.1053.

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41

Grzelczyk, Dariusz, and Jan Awrejcewicz. "Reflectivity of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with an Anisotropic Defect Layer Inside." Photonics 7, no. 3 (August 10, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030058.

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In this study, first, we numerically investigated the reflectivity of a cholesteric liquid crystal with an anisotropic defect layer inside. To model optical phenomena in the examined system, a 4 × 4 matrix method was employed. The tests were carried out for different thicknesses of the whole system, different thicknesses of the defect layer, as well as different defect layer locations inside the cell. Next, a cholesteric liquid crystal comprising a defect layer and held between two parallel electrical conductors was also considered. In this case, the optical properties of the system could also be adjusted by an external applied electric field. Some interesting simulation results of the reflection coefficient (i.e., the fraction of electromagnetic energy reflected) were obtained, illustrated, and discussed. The simulation results showed a significant influence of both the defect and the external electric field on the selective reflection phenomenon, and the possibility of controlling the shape of the reflection spectrum. Finally, some potential applications of the analyzed optical system were discussed.

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42

SÁTIRO, CAIO, and FERNANDO MORAES. "A LIQUID CRYSTAL ANALOGUE OF THE COSMIC STRING." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 33 (October 30, 2005): 2561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305018013.

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We consider the propagation of light in an anisotropic medium with a topological line defect in the realm of geometrical optics. It is shown that the effective geometry perceived by light propagating in such medium is that of a spacial section of the cosmic string spacetime.

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43

Wang, Chenhui, Michael Wand, Mark Handschy, and Philip J. Bos. "Defect-Free Bistable C1 Surface Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 43, no. 6A (June 9, 2004): 3479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.43.3479.

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44

Mirantsev, L. V., E. J. L. de Oliveira, I. N. de Oliveira, and M. L. Lyra. "Defect structures in nematic liquid crystal shells of different shapes." Liquid Crystals Reviews 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21680396.2016.1183151.

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45

Hsiao, Yu-Cheng, Hsiao-Tsung Wang, and Wei Lee. "Thermodielectric generation of defect modes in a photonic liquid crystal." Optics Express 22, no. 3 (February 6, 2014): 3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.003593.

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46

Zhu Bingfei, 朱炳斐, 陈文建 Chen Wenjian, 李武森 Li Wusen, and 张峻乾 Zhang Junqian. "Liquid Crystal Display Defect Detection Based on Fourier-Mellin Transform." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 54, no. 12 (2017): 121502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop54.121502.

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Coursault, Delphine, Johan Grand, Bruno Zappone, Habib Ayeb, Georges Lévi, Nordin Félidj, and Emmanuelle Lacaze. "Linear Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles Within Liquid Crystal Defect Arrays." Advanced Materials 24, no. 11 (February 9, 2012): 1461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201103791.

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Astrova, Ekaterina V., Galya V. Fedulova, and Yulia A. Zharova. "Defect Engineering in 2D Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Electrochemical Etching of Silicon." Solid State Phenomena 178-179 (August 2011): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.178-179.459.

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Abstract:

We propose electro-tunable composite structure of microcavity based on silicon 2D photonic crystal bar with a trench defect infiltrated with a liquid crystal. The device is fabricated by joint photo-electrochemical etching of deep macropores and trenches with subsequent trench opening from the substrate side. The optimized geometry and etching regime enables to minimize the lattice distortion introduced by trenches and to reduce roughness of the trench side walls. It was demonstrated that the structures with reach- through trenches and dead-end macropores are suitable for selective filling with a liquid crystal.

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Prostomolotov, A. I., N. A. Verezub, and M. G. Milvidskii. "Thermal Optimization of Cz Silicon Single Crystal Growth." Solid State Phenomena 156-158 (October 2009): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.156-158.217.

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In an application to large diameter Czochralski (CZ) silicon (Si) single crystal growing the influence on crystal temperature field of various thermal shield assemblies located near to its surface is discussed. By means of mathematical modeling the computer model of thermal processes in an application to a hot zone of "Redmet-90" puller [1], intended for 200 and 300 mm diameter Si single crystal growth is developed. The role of the ring shield and the shield assembly, consisting of two shields (an internal cone and an external one is repeating the crucible shape) and being as a basis of some patents, is investigated. On the basis of the carried out calculations the new thermal shield assembly for "Redmet-90" puller was offered. Its influence on formation of the characteristic thermal zones in growing single crystal, corresponding to defect formation processes in dislocation-free Si crystals (the recombination of intrinsic point defect – IPD, and the formation of their agglomerates) is discussed. The influence of a melt flow on the liquid/solid interface (LSI) shape and thermal stability of crystal growing process is analyzed.

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Noh, JungHyun, and Jan P. F. Lagerwall. "Topological Defect-Guided Regular Stacking of Focal Conic Domains in Hybrid-Aligned Smectic Liquid Crystal Shells." Crystals 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080913.

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We study liquid crystal (LC) shells in hybrid configuration (director tangential to the inside but normal to the outside) as they slowly undergo a transition from a nematic (N) to a smectic-A (SmA) phase. Every shell has two antipodal +1 topological defects, at the thinnest and thickest points, respectively. On cooling from N to SmA, the symmetry axis connecting the defects gradually reorients from along gravity to perpendicular to it, reversibly and continuously, if the LC and aqueous phase are density matched at the N-SmA transition. This suggests reduced density near the defects—reflecting a local reduction in order—under the strong confinement with antagonistic boundary conditions. In the SmA phase, a regular array of focal conic domains (FCDs) develops, templated in position and orientation by the +1 defect at the thinnest point. Around this defect, a single complete toroidal FCD always develops, surrounded by incomplete FCDs. In contrast to similar FCD arrangements on flat aqueous interfaces, this is a stable situation, since the two +1 defects are required by the spherical topology. Our results demonstrate how the topological defects of LC shells can be used to template complex self-organized structures. With a suitable adaption of the LC chemistry, shells might serve as a basis for producing solid particles with complex yet highly regular morphologies.

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