Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquid crystal phases

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid crystal phases'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid crystal phases"

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Pieranski, P., and P. E. Cladis. "Frustrated Liquids: Liquid Crystal Blue Phases." Europhysics News 17, no. 9 (1986): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/19861709113.

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Sigdel, Krishna P. "Liquid Crystals Phase Transitions and AC-Calorimetry." Himalayan Physics 1 (July 28, 2011): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hj.v1i0.5171.

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Liquid crystal is a delicate and beautiful phase of matter showing the order in between liquid and crystals. They have different phases and phase transitions. A powerful tool called AC calorimetry can be used to characterize the different phases and phase transitions. In this article, use of ac-calorimetry technique in liquid crystal phases and phase transitions is described.Key words: Liquid and crystals; AC calorimetryThe Himalayan Physics Vol.1, No.1, May, 2010Page: 25-31Uploaded Date: 28 July, 2011
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Lydon, John. "Chromonic liquid crystal phases." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 3, no. 5 (October 1998): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0294(98)80019-8.

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Oswald, Patrick, John Bechhoefer, and Francisco Melo. "Pattern Formation During the Growth of Liquid Crystal Phases." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 1 (January 1991): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400057894.

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Liquid crystals, discovered just a century ago, have wide application to electrooptic displays and thermography. Their physical properties have also made them fascinating materials for more fundamental research.The name “liquid crystals” is actually a misnomer for what are more properly termed “mesophases,” that is, phases having symmetries intermediate between ordinary solids and liquids. There are three major classes of liquid crystals: nematics, smectics, and columnar mesophases. In nematics, although there is no correlation between positions of the rodlike molecules, the molecules tend to lie parallel along a common axis, labeled by a unit vector (or director) n. Smectics are more ordered. The molecules are also rodlike and are in layers. Different subtypes of smectics (labeled, for historical reasons, smectic A, smectic B,…) have layers that are more or less organized. In the smectic A phase, the layers are fluid and can glide easily over each other. In the smectic B phase, the layers have hexagonal ordering and strong interlayer corrélations. Indeed, the smectic B phase is more a highly anisotropic plastic crystal than it is a liquid crystal. Finally, columnar mesophases are obtained with disklike molecules. These molecules can stack up in columns which are themselves organized in a two-dimensional array. There is no positional correlation between molecules in one column and molecules in the other columns.
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Polishchuk, A. P., and Tatiana V. Timofeeva. "Metal-containing liquid-crystal phases." Russian Chemical Reviews 62, no. 4 (April 30, 1993): 291–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1993v062n04abeh000019.

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Luckhurst, Geoffrey R. "What creates liquid crystal phases?" Liquid Crystals Today 3, no. 1 (March 1993): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13583149308628610.

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O'Rourke, Mary Jane E., and Edwin L. Thomas. "Morphology and Dynamic Interaction of Defects in Polymer Liquid Crystals." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 9 (September 1995): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034904.

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The liquid crystal phase is an anisotropic mesophase, intermediate in order between the liquid and crystal phases. Liquid crystals have less translational order than crystals and more rotational order than isotropic liquids. The liquid crystal phase does not support finite shear stresses and thus behaves like a fluid. Molecules that display a liquid crystal phase are referred to as mesogenic. Mesogenic molecules exhibit shape anisotropy: either large length to diameter ratio (needlelike) or large diameter to thickness ratio (disklike). Because of their shape anisotropy, all liquid crystals display orientational order of their molecular axes.Until 1956, all known examples of liquid crystals were low molecular weight compounds. Robinson was the first to identify liquid crystallinity in a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) as the explanation for “a birefringent solution” of a polymeric material, poly-y-benzyl-L-glutamate, in chloroform, previously observed by Elliott and Ambrose. Chemists soon discovered that LCPs may be readily synthesized by covalently stitching small mesogenic units (e.g., rigid monomers) together into a chain using short flexible spacers. Mainchain or sidechain liquid crystal polymers may be formed (Figure 1). An example of a polymer molecule possessing a liquid crystal phase is shown in Figure 2. Liquid crystals may be thermotropic, where liquid crystallinity is exhibited over a range of temperatures, or lyotropic, where nonmesogenic solvent molecules are present in addition to the mesogens, and liquid crystallinity is observed over a range of concentrations as well.
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Keyes, P. H. "The Cholesteric Blue Phases." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 1 (January 1991): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400057882.

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In 1888, the year commonly taken as the birthdate of liquid crystal research, F. Reinitzer wrote to O. Lehmann to describe the curious properties of cholesteryl benzoate, a “substance [which] has two melting points, if it can be expressed in such a manner.” Throughout most of the 33°C interval between these two “melting points” this material is in the birefringent fluid state now known as the cholesteric liquid crystal. Today it is common to find compounds showing a whole cascade of liquid crystalline mesophases as the temperature is increased, but it is not customary to refer to any of the phase changes between them as “melting points” except for the lowest temperature transition where the crystalline lattice dissolves. In recent years, however, it has been discovered that many cholesteric liquid crystals, includin g cholesteryl benzoate, do something very strange in a temperature interval of only a degree or so just before they yield up their last bit of liquid crystalline order: they form complex structures having the symmetries of cubic lattices — they “freeze”! – and then “melt” at a higher temperature into either the ordinary amorphous liquid or else into a new kind of amorphous liquid which in turn undergoes a sharp transition into the ordinary amorphous liquid at still higher temperature.
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Joshi, Pankaj, Oliver Willekens, Xiaobing Shang, Jelle De Smet, Dieter Cuypers, Geert Van Steenberge, Jeroen Beeckman, Kristiaan Neyts, and Herbert De Smet. "Tunable light beam steering device using polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.704.

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A polarization independent and fast electrically switchable beam steering device is presented, based on a surface relief grating combined with polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals. Switching on and off times are both less than 2 milliseconds. The prospects of further improvements are discussed. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.C. Wright, et al., "Crystalline liquids: the blue phases", Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 385 (1989). CrossRef H. Kikuchi, et al., "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases", Nat. Mater. 1, 64 (2002). CrossRef Samsung, Korea, SID exhibition, (2008).J. Yan, et al., "Direct measurement of electric-field-induced birefringence in a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal composite", Opt. Express 18, 11450 (2010). CrossRef L. Rao, et al., "A large Kerr constant polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal", Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 081109 (2011). CrossRef Y. Hisakado, et al., "Large Electro-optic Kerr Effect in Polymer-Stabilized Liquid-Crystalline Blue Phases", Adv. Mater. 17, 96 (2005). CrossRef K. M. et al., "Submillisecond Gray-Level Response Time of a Polymer-Stabilized Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal", J. Disp. Technol. 6, 49 (2010). CrossRef Y. Chen, et al., "Level set based topology optimization for optical cloaks", Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 251106 (2013). CrossRef H. Choi, et al., "Fast electro-optic switching in liquid crystal blue phase II", Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 131905 (2011). CrossRef Y.H. Chen, et al., "Polarization independent Fabry-Pérot filter based on polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals with fast response time", Opt. Express 19, 25441 (2011). CrossRef Y. Li, et al., "Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Opt. Express 19, 8045 (2011). CrossRef C.T. Lee, et al., "Design of polarization-insensitive multi-electrode GRIN lens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Opt. Express 19, 17402 (2011). CrossRef Y.T. Lin, et al., "Mid-infrared absorptance of silicon hyperdoped with chalcogen via fs-laser irradiation", J. Appl. Phys. 113, (2013). CrossRef J.D. Lin, et al., "Spatially tunable photonic bandgap of wide spectral range and lasing emission based on a blue phase wedge cell", Optics Express 22, 29479 (2014). CrossRef W. Cao, et al., "Lasing in a three-dimensional photonic crystal of the liquid crystal blue phase II", Nat. Mat. 1, 111 (2002). CrossRef S.T. Hur, et al., "Liquid-Crystalline Blue Phase Laser with Widely Tunable Wavelength", Adv. Mater. 25, 3002 (2013). CrossRef A. Mazzulla, et al., "Thermal and electrical laser tuning in liquid crystal blue phase I", Soft. Mater. 8, 4882 (2012). CrossRef C.W. Chen, et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978 (2012). CrossRef O. Willekens, et al., "Ferroelectric thin films with liquid crystal for gradient index applications", Opt. Exp. 24, 8088 (2016). CrossRef O. Willekens, et al., "Reflective liquid crystal hybrid beam-steerer", Opt. Exp. 24, 1541 (2016). CrossRef M. Jazbinšek, et al., "Characterization of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal transmission gratings", J. Appl. Phys. 90, 3831 (2001). CrossRef C.C. Bowley, et al., "Variable-wavelength switchable Bragg gratings formed in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 9 (2001). CrossRef Y.Q. Lu, et al., "Polarization switch using thick holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal grating", Appl. Phys. 95, 810 (2004). CrossRef J.J. Butler et al., "Diffraction properties of highly birefringent liquid-crystal composite gratings", Opt. Lett. 25, 420 (2000). CrossRef R.L. Sutherland et al., "Electrically switchable volume gratings in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1074 (1994). CrossRef X. Shang, et al., "Electrically Controllable Liquid Crystal Component for Efficient Light Steering", IEEE Photo. J. 7, 1 (2015). CrossRef J. Yan, et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef H.S. Chen, et al., "Hysteresis-free polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals using thermal recycles", Opt. Mat. Exp. 2, 1149 (2012). CrossRef J. Yan. et al., "Dual-period tunable phase grating using polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystal", Opt. Lett. 40, 4520 (2015). CrossRef H.S. Chen, et al., "Hysteresis-free polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals using thermal recycles", Opt. Mat. Exp. 2, 1149 (2012). CrossRef H.C. Cheng, et al., "Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching", J. Disp. Technol. 8, 98 (2012). CrossRef
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Kikuchi, Hirotsugu, Masayuki Yokota, Yoshiaki Hisakado, Huai Yang, and Tisato Kajiyama. "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases." Nature Materials 1, no. 1 (September 2002): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat712.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid crystal phases"

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Zhang, Ruibin. "Complex liquid crystal phases in cylindrical confinement." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3174/.

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Confined liquid crystals (LCs) have attracted much interest because their richness in physical phenomena and potential applications. In this thesis the configuration of novel liquid crystal phases confined in cylindrical cavities from tens of nanometres to hundred of microns primarily were investigated by means of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), grazing incident X-ray scattering (GSAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The arrangement of honeycomb phases and 3-d channeled-layer phases (ChL) formed by polyphilic side-branched compounds in nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates as well as in glass capillaries with micrometer diameters were investigated. 3-d diffraction patterns were reconstructed from the SAXS data. A fracture method associated with AFM observation was performed on the AAO samples to complement the X-ray study. Details of assembly of individual columns inside the nanochannel were directly observed by AFM for the first time. Surprisingly, even the planar-anchored columns were found reluctant to orient axially (parallel to the 1-d channel), which was explained by the strong deformation energy of the 2-d lattice. Besides, the in-plane orientation of the 2-d lattice was observed in both planar and homeotropic anchoring conditions and different mechanisms were proposed. For the ChL phase, axial orientation was observed due to the high rigidity of the columns. The 3-d layered structure could be suppressed by the nanopores and an induced smectic structure was observed. Configuration of several discotic columnar LCs in cylindrical confinement was studied. The investigation of pure triphenylene derivatives in nanopores refutes the only detailed experimental work on discotics published as far. Again the discotic columns are mainly perpendicular to the channel axis, even with planar anchoring condition, to avoid the distortion of the 2-d lattice. The axial configuration was observed only when the rigidity of the columns was increased by dopant. The structure of LC-directed mesoporous silica nanofibers fabricated via dual structure-directing agents in 200 nm AAO membranes was characterized by SAXS and TEM. Different mesoporous structures were observed when changing the alkyl chain length of the cationic surfactant.
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Oh, Ji Young. "Unusual particle motions in the liquid crystal phases." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/unusual-particle-motions-in-the-liquid-crystal-phases(59978a53-5523-4066-8a84-98cd5e7a6e16).html.

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The motions of particles dispersed in liquid crystals can be influenced by the application of an electric field, the effect depending on the field frequency and field amplitude. Sandwich cells under the application of electric field are widely used as the tool in order to investigate the fundamental research relating to electro-optic display technology. Therefore, the aim of this experimental work is to find and investigate novel motion of the particles dispersed in the liquid crystal phases, held within a sandwich cell. For the liquid crystal–particle systems in the sandwich cells in this thesis, the particle shapes, temperature and cell geometry are all shown to have an influence on the regime of the particle’s motions, with different phenomena observed using three different phases of liquid crystals. The experiments are designed to find and investigate the novel motion of the micron sized silica particles in the liquid crystal phases. In the chiral nematic phase, spherical particles are shown to exhibit linear motion, which is related to the electrophoretic mobility. Such spherical particles are also observed to show circular motion which is found to have a field dependency that can be related to Quincke rotation. A maximum frequency for motion occurs which is found to possibly be related to the effect of the ion diffusion in the liquid crystal-particle composite system. The direction of the circular motion is found to be independent of the handedness of the chiral nematic material. In the isotropic phase of a chiral nematic liquid crystal, the spherical particles do not exhibit any linear motion, which shows the system does not follow the traditional electrophoresis observed in normal isotropic liquids. The circular motion of the spherical particle that is observed in the isotropic phase is analysed in terms of the Quincke rotation and again shows the Maxwell relaxation time. The electric-field induced motion of elongated particles in four different nematic systems is examined. In this case of planar aligned systems, linear motion is observed, in which the velocity shows a minimum for particles of the same length as the cell gap. A novel field-induced defect texture appears in the homeotropic device containing a nematic liquid crystal of negative dielectric anisotropy. Interestingly, the motion of the particle is found to be strongly coupled with the defects formed.
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Huang, Tsang-Min. "Phase Equilibria of Binary Liquid Crystal Mixtures Involving Induced Ordered Phases." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1284381816.

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Zhou, Jianping. "Structures of polymeric and supramolecular liquid crystal phases." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286869.

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Al-Zangana, Shakhawan. "Nano- and micro-particle doped liquid crystal phases." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/nano-and-microparticle-doped-liquid-crystal-phases(31dbb051-7d9c-4780-bda0-d58773846de0).html.

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This thesis presents the investigation of the liquid crystal (LC) - particle suspensions. Particles from nano- to micro-size, spherical to two-dimensional shapes, with different functionality are dispersed into nematic and smectic phases. The aim is to create ordered nanoparticle (NP) assemblies and thereby modify the common properties of the liquid crystal, such as dielectric anisotropy and electro-optical, revealing any interaction between particles and LC properties. It is found that for concentrations (>0.5vol%), the ferroelectric NPs have increased the sensitivity of the nematic liquid crystal to the electric field through electro-optical responses, which is seen by an enhancement in the dielectric anisotropy. This could be induced by the coupling of the electrical dipole moments in the spherical NPs with the LC director field. The electro-optical properties of the chiral smectic (SmC*) phase (tilt angle Θ, switching time τ_s and spontaneous polarisation P_s) are found to be independent of the concentration and sizes of the doped NPs. The relaxation frequency f_R of the Goldstone mode is faster in the ferroelectric NPs suspensions of 2.0vol% compared to the paraelectric NPs. In the graphene oxide (GO) - nematic LC (5CB) suspensions, the small GO sizes of mean size 560 nm are more easily dispersible than larger flakes of 2.8 micro metre mean size. As the GO concentration is increased, each of the threshold voltage and splay elastic constant dramatically increases, reaching saturation at ≈1.0wt%. The field driven switching-on time is practically not affected, while the purely elastically driven switching-off time is strongly sped-up. Interestingly, thermotropic and lyotropic LC phases are exhibited in the GO-5CB suspensions when heating the thermotropic liquid crystal into its isotropic phase. The isotropic phase of 5CB acts as a solvent for the GO particles, forming a lyotropic nematic phase with largely reduced birefringence. It is found that the nematic to isotropic phase transition is shifted toward higher temperature for the GO-5CB system compared to the BaTiO3-5CB system. Dispersions of different sizes of GO flakes are prepared in isotropic and nematic fluid media. The dielectric relaxation behaviour of GO-dispersions was examined for a wide temperature range (25-60 ℃) and frequency range (100 Hz-2 MHz). The mixtures containing GO flakes were found to exhibit varying dielectric relaxation processes, depending on the size of the flakes and the elastic properties of the dispersant fluid. The relaxation frequencies in the isotropic media were lower compared to the nematic medium. Relaxation frequencies (~10 kHz) are observed in the GO-isotropic media, which are reduced as the size of the GO flakes are decreased, are anticipated to be inherited from GO flakes. However, the fast relaxations (~100 kHz) that are observed in the nematic suspensions could imply strongly slowed down molecular relaxation modes of the nematogenic molecules. Finally, the phase diagram of lyotropic LC as a function of the lateral dimensions of the GO flakes, their concentration, geometrical confinement configuration and solvent polarity was investigated. Polarising optical microscopy was used to determine isotropic-biphasic-nematic phase evolution. The confinement volume and geometry of the sample relative to the GO size are shown to be vital to the observation of the lyotropic phase. GO LCs have the potential for a range of applications from display technologies to conductive fibres. The confinement related LC phase transition is critical toward their applications. It is also found that the stability of the LC phase is higher for the solvent of higher dielectric constant.
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Liu, Harry. "Elastic properties and phases of bent core liquid crystal." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/elastic-properties-and-phases-of-bent-core-liquid-crystal(1428e685-754c-42c0-890b-9ae83f0b5f7c).html.

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The recent interest in bent core liquid crystal has shown many unique physical properties, such the anomalous behaviour of the elastic constants (SplayK1, Twist K2, and BendK3). In bent core liquid crystals it is observed that K3K1). Such behaviour is analogous to calamitic liquid crystals but is in contrast to all other bent-core nematic materials reported to date. Such a result questions some of the current explanations for the elastic behaviour of bent-core materials. Using molecular field theory and atomistic modelling the different elastic behaviour predicted is again in excellent agreement with experimental results. The bend angle is again shown to be an important part in determining the physical properties of bent-core nematic liquid crystals. In a mixture from an oxadiazole dopant and calamitic host liquid crystal, it was found that a filament structure appears in the nematic phase. The filaments appear to interfere with the measurements for elastic constants. In order to understand the filament structure many methods were used including SAXS, dielectric permittivity, and DSC. It was found that the mixture had formed a gel - like phase. The gel is composed of a liquid crystal network and a liquid crystal background, not seen before in any gel system. Due to the liquid crystalline properties both the network and the background can be aligned and manipulated. The new gel phase can possess many new unique properties which warrant further studies understand further into how fundamentally the phase is forming.
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Leng, Siwei. "From Crystal to Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystal Phases: Phase Structural Characterization of Series of Novel Phenazines Potentially Useful in Organic Electronics." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1247614330.

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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Polymer Science, 2009.
"August, 2009." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 9/23/2009) Advisor, Stephen Z. D. Cheng; Committee members, Alexei P. Sokolov, Gustavo A. Carri, Darrell H. Reneker, Weiping Zheng; Department Chair, Ali Dhinojwala; Dean of the College, Stephen Z. D. Cheng; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kasch, Nicholas. "Liquid crystal-polymer composites and the stabilisation of defect phases." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/liquid-crystalpolymer-composites-and-the-stabilisation-of-defect-phases(ee813754-56cd-493c-a631-d58b06d03c00).html.

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A simple method for increasing the stable temperature range of the liquid crystalline blue phase is demonstrated, by mixing a non-mesogenic polymer of low molecular weight into the blue phase material. In a mixture of cholesteryl benzoate and cholesteryl nonanoate the addition of polystyrene increased the stable blue phase range from 0.5K to 12K. This was measured strictly on heating from the chiral nematic phase through the blue phase in order to minimise non-equilibrium effects, and is one of the largest ranges so measured. The stability range can be closely tuned by changing the polymer concentration and molecular weight. The maximum range found by adding a particular compound seems only to depend on its saturation point in the liquid crystal, and the dependence of the range on concentration is non-linear. These features were explained by a numerical model of a blue phase unit cell incorporating the mean field Flory-Huggins and Maier-Saupe theories where the polymer could fill the high energy defect regions. Two of the oligomers which are shown to stabilise the blue phase are fluorescent, at 450nm and 500nm respectively, and it is proposed that tests on these mixtures could reveal photonic effects caused by the concentration of the fluorophores in the blue phase defect regions. The twist-grain boundary (TGB) phase is present in mixtures of cholesteryl oleyl carbonate and cholesteryl nonanoate over a range of up to 0.3K. The addition of polystyrene has no effect on the stability of the TGB phase. Conventional, in situ UV-initiated polymer stabilisation does not appear to stabilise the TGB phase, but is capable of stabilising over at least 30K the micron-size filaments which appear in the TGB phase when it is heated from the smectic phase in a cell with homeotropic alignment. Some notes are made on the causes and structure of this filament texture, and it is observed that the filaments tend to grow with a characteristic curvature. It is shown theoretically that the correct material could stabilise the TGB phase similarly to the polymers in the blue phase, by extending the previous model to include the Kobayashi-McMillan theory of smectic ordering. A second theoretical model of chirality around the transition to the smectic phase is then presented which takes account of fluctuations, based on an analogy with the state of a smectic-forming material infiltrated into an aerogel. A phase resembling the TGB phase emerges from this model. The model gives two first order transitions in accordance with experiments on the TGB phase, and reflects other experimental pitch and calorimetry measurements too. The electrochemical polymerisation of an acrylate monomer in the nematic and smectic-C* phases is investigated. 30-100V is applied across a cell containing the liquid crystal-monomer mixture, with no additional initiating compound. In both phases, the texture during polymerisation is frozen in by the polymer formed. In a nematic phase in a cell with initially planar alignment, the director in the field off state can be observed to tilt toward the homeotropic over a number of hours. In the ferroelectric case, as well as the textural freezing there is a somewhat reversible agglomeration of polymer strands into micron-scale structures. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a range of structures on both electrode surfaces, including in the nematic case corrugations with a periodicity of 500-750nm. There is no evidence of a polymer network spanning the thickness of the cell - rather the liquid crystal seems to be realigned by a polymer film at the electrode surfaces.
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Janbon, Sophie Laure Marie. "Crystallisation from partially organised melts : crystal nucleation from liquid crystalline phases." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488820.

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Johnson, Louise. "Electric field-induced transitions and interlayer interactions in intermediate smectic liquid crystal phases." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electric-fieldinduced-transitions-and-interlayer-interactions-in-intermediate-smectic-liquid-crystal-phases(64a81e3e-d148-48b4-8e94-4abd44117655).html.

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This thesis presents an investigation into the effects of an external electric field on the three- and four-layer intermediate smectic phases. Experiments were performed using electro-optic techniques; thresholds between phases were measured by studying changes in the effective optical tilt. A quantitative measure of the interlayer interaction constant was obtained from the analysis of field-temperature phase diagrams in several materials, which exhibited the intermediate smectic phases in various degrees of stability. Excellent agreement with theory was observed in the field-temperature phase diagrams of these materials. The effect of adding a chiral dopant to liquid crystal compounds was studied and it was found that the interlayer interaction strength is significantly lower in mixtures with a chiral dopant. These measurements provided quantitative information on the importance of the interlayer interaction, which is only indicated qualitatively by other measurements. Deviations from theory were reported in mixtures with increasing concentrations of chiral dopant, in particular in the nature of the transition from the four-layer phase to the three-layer phase. Interesting behaviour in the thresholds between phases was observed in several liquid crystal mixtures in temperature regions close to the triple point on the field- temperature phase diagrams. Measurements of the thresholds between the intermediate phases revealed an unexpected threshold. Further evidence of this unexpected threshold was presented in the form of results of the temperature dependence of effective optical tilt of the various phases; electric field dependence of the response time; and the transient current that flows upon the reversal of an electric field. These measurements revealed that the unexpected threshold was to a field-induced ferrielectric phase with a larger effective tilt than the three-layer phases. Finally, preliminary results are presented from an investigation into defects that form in the thin films in the antiferroelectric smectic phases, with the aim of studying how the elastic constants may affect the stability of the intermediate phases.
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Books on the topic "Liquid crystal phases"

1

Structure of liquid crystal phases. Singapore: World Scientific, 1988.

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Petrov, Minko Parvanov. Optical and electro-optical properties of liquid crystals: Nematic and smectic phases. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Petrov, Minko Parvanov. Optical and electro-optical properties of liquid crystals: Nematic and smecic phases. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Jixiang, Liu, and Xie Yu-Zhang, eds. Geometric methods in the elastic theory of membranes in liquid crystal phases. Singapore: World Scientific, 1999.

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Liquid crystals: Nature's delicate phase of matter. 2nd ed. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2002.

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Liquid crystals: Nature's delicate phase of matter. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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Martellucci, S., and A. N. Chester, eds. Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9151-7.

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Collings, Peter J. Liquid crystals: Nature's delicate phase of matter. Bristol: Hilger, 1990.

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Longa, Lech. Models of high-temperature liquid crystalline phases and of the related phase transitions¹. Kraków: Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej, 1989.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Materials and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid crystal phases"

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Blinov, Lev M. "Liquid Crystal Phases." In Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals, 41–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8829-1_4.

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Alexander, Gareth P. "Topology in Liquid Crystal Phases." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 229–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76596-9_9.

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Wilson, M. R., M. J. Cook, and C. McBride. "Atomistic Modelling of Liquid Crystal Phases." In Advances in the Computer Simulatons of Liquid Crystals, 251–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4225-0_10.

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de Jeu, W. H. "Introduction to Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Phases." In NATO ASI Series, 3–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9151-7_1.

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Moro, Giorgio, Ulderico Segre, and Pier Luigi Nordio. "Diffusive and Collective Motions in Liquid Crystal Phases." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Liquid Crystals, 207–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6517-1_9.

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Fradkin, Eduardo. "Electronic Liquid Crystal Phases in Strongly Correlated Systems." In Modern Theories of Many-Particle Systems in Condensed Matter Physics, 53–116. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10449-7_2.

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De Matteis, Giovanni, and Epifanio G. Virga. "Criterion for Tricritical Points in Liquid Crystal Phases." In Variational Problems in Materials Science, 55–74. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7565-5_5.

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Kishikawa, Keiki. "Electro-Responsive Columnar Liquid Crystal Phases Generated by Achiral Molecules." In Advances in Organic Crystal Chemistry, 653–68. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55555-1_33.

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Walba, David M., Eva Körblova, Renfan Shao, Joseph E. Maclennan, Darren R. Link, Matthew A. Glaser, and Noel A. Clark. "Design of Smectic Liquid Crystal Phases Using Layer Interface Clinicity." In ACS Symposium Series, 268–81. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0798.ch020.

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Göltner-Spickermann, Christine. "Nanocasting of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phases for Metals and Ceramics." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 29–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36408-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid crystal phases"

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Fukuda, Jun-ichi, Yasushi Okumura, and Hirotsugu Kikuchi. "Numerical calculation of Kossel diagrams of cholesteric blue phases." In Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies XIII, edited by Igor Muševič, Liang-Chy Chien, Dirk J. Broer, and Vladimir G. Chigrinov. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2286290.

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He, Wan-Li, Le Wang, Zhou Yang, Hui Cao, and Huai Yang. "Novel cinnamic-acid-derived hydrogen-bonded mesogens with relatively wide blue phases." In Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies V. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.848303.

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Foley, Lee M., Edward Guzman, Rayshan Visvanathan, SeongHo Ryu, Min-Jun Gim, Dong Ki Yoon, Noel A. Clark, et al. "Homeotropic alignment of multiple bent-core liquid crystal phases using a polydimethylsiloxane alignment layer." In Liquid Crystals XXI, edited by Iam Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2280569.

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Figueiredo Neto, Antônio M., Erol Akpinar, Gokhan Topcu, and Dennys Reis. "Effect of the anionic azo dye sunset yellow in lyotropic mixtures with uniaxial and biaxial nematic phases." In Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies XVI, edited by Igor Muševič, Liang-Chy Chien, and Nelson V. Tabiryan. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2582566.

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Wang, Mengfei, Everett Rhinehalt, Emine Kemiklioglu, Jeoung-Yeon Hwang, and Liang-Chy Chien. "Colloids mediated liquid crystal blue phases." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Liang-Chy Chien, Dick J. Broer, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Tae-Hoon Yoon. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2009513.

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Dan, Kaustabh, Madhusudan Roy, and Alokmay Datta. "Role of amphiphilic molecule on liquid crystal phases." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 57TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2012. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790907.

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Abou Zied, Osama K., Rauzah Hashim, and B. A. Timimi. "Amphitropic liquid crystal phases from polyhydroxy sugar surfactants: Fundamental studies." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Wolfgang J. Parak, Marek Osinski, and Xing-Jie Liang. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2083676.

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Qi, Hao, Brandy Kinkead, and Torsten Hegmann. "Effects of functionalized metal and semiconductor nanoparticles in nematic liquid crystal phases." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2008, edited by Liang-Chy Chien. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.759473.

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Malik, Praveen, and Sumit Yadav. "Synthesis and observation of blue phases in chiral dopant nematic liquid crystal mixtures." In ADVANCES IN BASIC SCIENCE (ICABS 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5122511.

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Kakiuchida, Hiroshi, Masato Tazawa, Kazuki Yoshimura, and Akifumi Ogiwara. "θ-2θ; diffractometry of anisotropic holographic gratings composed of liquid crystal and polymer phases." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Liang-Chy Chien, Dick J. Broer, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Tae-Hoon Yoon. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2003898.

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Reports on the topic "Liquid crystal phases"

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Arias, Eduardo, Ivana Moggio, and Ronald Ziolo. Liquid Crystals of Dendron-Like Pt Complexes Processable Into Nanofilms Dendrimers. Phase 2. Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Glass Platinum Acetylides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada619975.

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Whitaker, Bert, and Scott Harris. Initial High-Power-CW-Laser Testing of Liquid-Crystal Optical Phased Arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518054.

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Percec, Virgil, Dimitris Tomazos, and Reginal A. Willingham. The Influence of the Polymer Backbone Flexibility on the Phase Transitions of Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers Containing 6-(4-Methoxy-Beta-Metylstyryl) Phenoxy)Hexyl Side Groups. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada208821.

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Jain, N. Analyzing algorithms for nonlinear and spatially nonuniform phase shifts in the liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer. 1998 summer research program for high school juniors at the University of Rochester`s Laboratory for Laser Energetics: Student research reports. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/362525.

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